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Sommer P, Schreinlechner M, Noflatscher M, Lener D, Mair F, Theurl M, Kirchmair R, Marschang P. Increasing Soluble P-Selectin Levels Predict Higher Peripheral Atherosclerotic Plaque Progression. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6430. [PMID: 37892568 PMCID: PMC10607706 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The adhesion molecule P-selectin is expressed by endothelial cells and platelets. It is involved in platelet activation and leukocyte adhesion, both important processes in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Our study was designed to assess the predictive value of soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) on the progression of peripheral atherosclerosis. METHODS This is an observational, single-center, cohort study that included 443 patients with established cardiovascular disease (CVD) or at least one cardiovascular risk factor. Over a period of 4 years, each patient underwent three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound to assess the plaque volume of the carotid and femoral arteries once per year. In addition, plasma sP-selectin levels were measured at each visit. The association between changes in sP-selectin and peripheral atherosclerotic plaque progression was assessed using growth curve models. RESULTS 338 patients were available for statistical analysis. Each standard deviation increase in sP-selectin was significantly (p < 0.001) associated with a 46.09 mm3 higher plaque volume. In ROC-analysis, changes in sP-selectin over time showed an optimal cut-off value around Δ 0.0 µg/mL sP-selectin and significantly improved the predictive value of the ESC-SCORE (AUC for the combination of both parameters was 0.75 (95% CI 0.68-0.81, p < 0.001). Patients with increasing sP-selectin showed a significantly higher plaque progression compared to patients with decreasing or stable sP-selectin levels (202 mm3 vs. 110 mm3, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Increasing sP-selectin levels can predict higher atherosclerotic plaque progression as measured by 3D ultrasound. We suggest serial measurements of sP-selectin as an easily measurable biomarker for peripheral atherosclerotic plaque progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Sommer
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (P.S.)
| | - Michael Schreinlechner
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (P.S.)
| | - Maria Noflatscher
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (P.S.)
| | - Daniela Lener
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (P.S.)
| | - Fabian Mair
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (P.S.)
| | - Markus Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (P.S.)
| | - Rudolf Kirchmair
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (P.S.)
| | - Peter Marschang
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (P.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Central Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Via Lorenz Boehler 5, I-39100 Bolzano, Italy
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Zinellu A, Mangoni AA. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of statin treatment on sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2022; 15:601-620. [PMID: 35485866 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2022.2072294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Statins might prevent cell adhesion to the endothelium, a key step in atherosclerosis. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of statins on soluble vascular (sVCAM-1) and intercellular (sICAM-1) adhesion molecule 1. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, from inception to July 2021. Risk of bias and certainty of evidence were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for analytical studies and GRADE, respectively. RESULTS Statins significantly reduced both sVCAM-1 (standard mean difference, SMD=-0.28, 95% CI -0.44 to -0.12, p=0.001; 46 treatment arms; low certainty of evidence) and sICAM-1 (SMD=-0.75, 95% CI -1.00 to -0.50, p<0.001; 61 treatment arms; moderate certainty of evidence) concentrations. In sensitivity analysis, the SMD values were not modified when individual studies were sequentially removed. There were significant associations between SMD and publication year and, for sICAM-1, statin-induced changes in HDL-cholesterol. In subgroup analysis, the lowering effect was significant with liphophilic, but not hydrophilic, statins, and similar, for sICAM-1, in participants with or without clinically overt atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS Statins significantly lower sVCAM-1/sICAM-1. Prospective studies are required to determine whether this mediates their atheroprotective effects (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021276825).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia
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Abbasifard M, Kandelouei T, Aslani S, Razi B, Imani D, Fasihi M, Cicero FG, Sahebkar A. Effect of statins on the plasma/serum levels of inflammatory markers in patients with cardiovascular disease; a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:369-383. [PMID: 35165809 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00926-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anti-inflammatory properties of statins have been suggested by several researches. However, clinical trials have reported incongruous findings regarding the effect of statins on the levels of inflammatory markers other than high-sensitive C-reactive protein. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials were conducted to illuminate the effect of statins on serum levels of TNF-α, MCP-1, VCAM1, and IL-6 in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). METHODS To find eligible studies, a systematic literature search of the main databases were conducted up to July 2021. The calculation of the effect sizes was conducted by standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS The pooled analyses revealed that statins significantly reduced the TNF-α concentration (SMD = - 0.99 pg/mL; 95% CI - 1.43 to - 0.55 pg/mL; P < 0.001). Regarding dosage, high intensity (SMD = - 0.65 pg/mL; 95% CI - 1.19 to - 0.10, P = 0.02) and moderate/low (SMD = - 1.16 pg/mL; 95% CI - 1.84 to - 0.47, P = 0.001) intensity statins significantly decreased TNF-α levels. Moderate/low intensity statins administration in < 10 weeks treatment duration decreased serum level of TNF-α (SMD = - 0.91 pg/mL; 95% CI - 1.38 to - 0.44, P < 0.001). Lipophilic statins with high intensity dosage significantly decreased level of TNF-α (SMD = - 0.73 pg/mL; 95% CI - 1.43 to - 0.03, P = 0.04). Statins did not change serum levels of MCP-1, VCAM1, and IL-6 in CVD patients. CONCLUSIONS The analyses indicated that statins have beneficial effects in decreasing serum levels of TNF-α in patients with CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Abbasifard
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ali Ibn Abi Talib Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Kandelouei
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Saeed Aslani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Razi
- Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Danyal Imani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Enghelab Av., 14117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Fasihi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Enghelab Av., 14117, Tehran, Iran
| | - F G Cicero
- IRCCS Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Research Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 91779-48564, Mashhad, Iran.
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Effect of Statins on Serum level of hs-CRP and CRP in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:8732360. [PMID: 35125965 PMCID: PMC8816584 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8732360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Several studies have reported that statins have anti-inflammatory effects. Nevertheless, results of clinical trials concerning the effect of statins on the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) have been inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of statins on CRP and hs-CRP levels in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Methods. Literature search of the major databases was performed to find eligible RCTs assessing the effect of statins on serum levels of CRP and hs-CRP from the inception until the last week of April 2021. The effect sizes were determined for weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results. 26 studies were identified (3010 patients and 2968 controls) for hs-CRP and 20 studies (3026 patients and 2968 controls) for CRP. Statins reduced the serum levels of hs-CRP (
; 95% CI: -1.26 to -0.68 mg/L;
) and CRP (
; 95% CI: -4.86 to -1.25 mg/L;
) in patients with CVDs. Statins decreased the serum levels of hs-CRP in patients receiving both high-intensity and moderate/low-intensity treatments with these drugs. In addition, the duration of treatment longer than 10 weeks decreased hs-CRP levels. Only high-intensity statin treatment could marginally decrease serum levels of CRP in CVDs patients. Conclusions. This meta-analysis showed the efficacy of statins to reduce the concentrations of CRP and hs-CRP in patients with different types of CVDs.
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Zinellu A, Mangoni AA. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Statins on Circulating E-Selectin, L-Selectin, and P-Selectin. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111707. [PMID: 34829936 PMCID: PMC8615864 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The pleiotropic effects of statins might involve preventing inflammatory cell adhesion to the endothelium, which is a critical step in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of statins on the circulating cell adhesion molecules E-Selectin, L-Selectin, and P-Selectin. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, from inception to July 2021. Risk of bias and certainty of evidence were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist and GRADE, respectively. In 61 studies, statins significantly reduced P-selectin (standard mean difference, SMD = -0.39, 95% CI -0.55 to -0.22, p < 0.001; moderate certainty of evidence), L-selectin (SMD = -0.49, 95% CI -0.89 to -0.10, p = 0.014; very low certainty of evidence), and E-Selectin (SMD = -0.73, 95% CI -1.02 to -0.43, p < 0.001; moderate certainty of evidence), independently of baseline lipid profile and other study and patient characteristics. The corresponding pooled SMD values in sensitivity analysis were not substantially altered when individual studies were sequentially removed. Simvastatin had a significant lowering effect on both P-selectin and E-selectin. Therefore, statins significantly reduce circulating selectins. Further studies are required to investigate whether selectin lowering mediates cardiovascular risk reduction with these agents. (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021282778).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Arduino A. Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Tabrizi R, Tamtaji OR, Mirhosseini N, Lankarani KB, Akbari M, Dadgostar E, Borhani-Haghighi A, Peymani P, Ahmadizar F, Asemi Z. The effects of statin use on inflammatory markers among patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pharmacol Res 2019; 141:85-103. [PMID: 30576798 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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7
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Bielinski SJ, Berardi C, Decker PA, Kirsch PS, Larson NB, Pankow JS, Sale M, de Andrade M, Sicotte H, Tang W, Hanson NQ, Wassel CL, Polak JF, Tsai MY. P-selectin and subclinical and clinical atherosclerosis: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Atherosclerosis 2015; 240:3-9. [PMID: 25744700 PMCID: PMC4397161 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE P-selectin is a cellular adhesion molecule that has been shown to be crucial in development of coronary heart disease (CHD). We sought to determine the role of P-selectin on the risk of atherosclerosis in a large multi-ethnic population. METHODS Data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), including 1628 African, 702 Chinese, 2393 non-Hispanic white, and 1302 Hispanic Americans, were used to investigate the association of plasma P-selectin with CHD risk factors, coronary artery calcium (CAC), intima-media thickness, and CHD. Regression models were used to investigate the association between P-selectin and risk factors, Tobit model for CAC, and Cox regression for CHD events. RESULTS Mean levels of P-selectin differed by ethnicity and were higher in men (P<0.001). For all ethnic groups, P-selectin was positively associated with measures of adiposity, blood pressure, current smoking, LDL, and triglycerides and inversely with HDL. A significant ethnic interaction was observed for the association of P-selectin and prevalent diabetes; however, P-selectin was positively associated with HbA1c in all groups. Higher P-selectin levels were associated with greater prevalence of CAC. Over 10.1 years of follow-up, there were 335 incident CHD events. There was a positive linear association between P-selectin levels and rate of incident CHD after adjustment for traditional risk factors. However, association was only significant in non-Hispanic white Americans (HR: 1.81, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.07, P=0.027). CONCLUSION We observed ethnic heterogeneity in the association of P-selectin and risk of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzette J Bielinski
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Cecilia Berardi
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Paul A Decker
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Phillip S Kirsch
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Nicholas B Larson
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Michele Sale
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, VA, USA.
| | - Mariza de Andrade
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Hugues Sicotte
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Weihong Tang
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Naomi Q Hanson
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Christina L Wassel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Joseph F Polak
- Department of Radiology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Michael Y Tsai
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Gholami K, Talasaz AH, Entezari-Maleki T, Salarifar M, Hadjibabaie M, Javadi MR, Dousti S, Hamishehkar H, Maleki S. The Effect of High-Dose Vitamin D3 on Soluble P-Selectin and hs-CRP Level in Patients With Venous Thromboembolism. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2015; 22:483-9. [DOI: 10.1177/1076029614568715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High plasma level of P-selectin is associated with the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Furthermore, supplementation of vitamin D could decrease thrombotic events. Hence, this study was designed to examine whether the administration of vitamin D can influence the plasma level of P-selectin in patients with VTE. In the randomized controlled trial, 60 patients with confirmed acute deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism (PE) were randomized into the intervention (n = 20) and control (n = 40) groups. The intervention arm was given an intramuscular single dose of 300 000 IU vitamin D3. Plasma level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D, P-selectin, and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was measured at baseline and 4 weeks after. The plasma level of P-selectin (95% confidence interval = −5.99 to −1.63, P = .022) and hs-CRP ( P = .024) significantly declined in vitamin D-treated group, while only hs-CRP was significantly decreased in the control group ( P = .011). However, the magnitude of these reductions was not statistically significant. This study could not support the potential benefit of the high-dose vitamin D on plasma level of P-selectin and hs-CRP in patients with VTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kheirollah Gholami
- Research Center for Rational Use of Drugs and Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Taher Entezari-Maleki
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Shahid Madani Heart Center and Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Salarifar
- Department of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Molouk Hadjibabaie
- Research Center for Rational Use of Drugs and Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Javadi
- Research Center for Rational Use of Drugs and Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Dousti
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saleh Maleki
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Kozarov E, Padro T, Badimon L. View of statins as antimicrobials in cardiovascular risk modification. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 102:362-74. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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10
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Atorvastatin favorably modulates proinflammatory cytokine profile in patients following deep vein thrombosis. Thromb Res 2013; 132:e31-5. [PMID: 23791132 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2013.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been shown to be associated with inflammation. Statins that might reduce VTE risk have been found to exert anti-inflammatory properties in patients at cardiovascular risk. We sought to investigate whether anti-inflammatory effects of atorvastatin can be observed in VTE patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Atorvastatin 40 mg/d was given for 3 days to 26 consecutive VTE patients following discontinuation of anticoagulant therapy and 25 controls. We evaluated interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, soluble P-selectin and von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen in peripheral venous blood. RESULTS The VTE patients displayed higher C-reactive protein (p=0.013), IL-1b (p=0.03), IL-8 (p=0.03) and vWF (p<0.0001) compared with the controls. In VTE patients atorvastatin decreased IL-6 (p=0.0003), IL-8 (p=0.003) and P-selectin (p<0.0001), but increased IL-10 (p=0.001), with no association with C-reactive protein or cholesterol-lowering effects. Atorvastatin reduced IL-1b (p=0.01), IL-6 (p=0.03) and P-selectin (p=0.002) in controls. Residual venous thrombosis was associated with elevated IL-6 and P-selectin, whereas patients with proximal deep vein thrombosis showed elevated P-selecitn prior to and following statin administration (all p<0.05). CONCLUSION A 3-day administration of atorvastatin reduces inflammation without decrease in C-reactive protein in VTE patients.
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Abstract
Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the United States and places a heavy toll on health care spending, especially in the elderly population. The prevalence of stroke increases with increasing age. Over the last 2 decades, there have been substantial data supporting the use of statins in the primary, as well as secondary, prevention of stroke. Although most of these studies were designed to evaluate cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) only as secondary endpoints, the data show a significant reduction in strokes associated with statin use. There have been numerous studies that have demonstrated the relationship between serum cholesterol levels, specifically low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, on CVA and the beneficial effects of statins in this setting. Furthermore, in addition to the lipid-lowering properties of statins, these drugs have also been shown to possess cholesterol-independent pleotropic properties that have been associated with neuroprotection. Finally, the role of statins for the prevention of dementia is still highly debatable. We examine the role of this class of drugs in the setting of dementia, particularly from vascular causes and stroke.
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Valappil NI, Jacobs DR, Duprez DA, Gross MD, Arnett DK, Glasser S. Association between Endothelial Biomarkers and Arterial Elasticity in Young Adults - The CARDIA Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 2:70-9. [PMID: 19343081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2007.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced arterial elasticity and endothelial dysfunction both may indicate early cardiovascular (CV) disease in young adults. Pulse waveform analysis estimates large (LAE) and small (SAE) artery elasticity noninvasively. We assessed the associations between LAE and SAE and markers of endothelial dysfunction and CV risk factors. METHODS The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) assessed arterial elasticity and other characteristics cross-sectionally in 389 men and 381 women aged 27-42 years in 1995 (CARDIA year 10) and circulating levels of P-selectin and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) in 2000. We adjusted for variables included in the estimation of arterial elasticity (year 10 height, body mass index, age, heart rate, and blood pressure) and other year 10 characteristics. RESULTS Mean adjusted SAE was 8.5 vs. 7.6 ml/mmHg x100 in those with urine albumin/creatinine ratio </=4 vs. microalbuminuria (ratio > 25; p(trend) =0.008). Mean LAE was 25.6 vs. 24.2 ml/mmHg x10 in the lowest vs. highest quintile of P-selectin (p(trend) =0.004). sICAM-1 was unrelated to either LAE or SAE. Plasma triglycerides were inversely related to LAE (p(trend) =0.029). Cigarette smokers had lower SAE than nonsmokers (p(trend) = 0.009). CONCLUSION In addition to smoking and triglycerides, biomarkers for endothelial dysfunction were associated with impaired LAE and SAE in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan I Valappil
- Health Resources and Services Administration, 5600 Fishers Lane, Room 7A-42, Rockville, MD 20857
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13
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Selectins and Associated Adhesion Proteins in Inflammatory disorders. ANIMAL LECTINS: FORM, FUNCTION AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 2012. [PMCID: PMC7121831 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-1065-2_44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is defined as the normal response of living tissue to injury or infection. It is important to emphasize two components of this definition. First, that inflammation is a normal response and, as such, is expected to occur when tissue is damaged. Infact, if injured tissue does not exhibit signs of inflammation this would be considered abnormal and wounds and infections would never heal without inflammation. Secondly, inflammation occurs in living tissue, hence there is need for an adequate blood supply to the tissues in order to exhibit an inflammatory response. The inflammatory response may be triggered by mechanical injury, chemical toxins, and invasion by microorganisms, and hypersensitivity reactions. Three major events occur during the inflammatory response: the blood supply to the affected area is increased substantially, capillary permeability is increased, and leucocytes migrate from the capillary vessels into the surrounding interstitial spaces to the site of inflammation or injury. The inflammatory response represents a complex biological and biochemical process involving cells of the immune system and a plethora of biological mediators. Cell-to-cell communication molecules such as cytokines play an extremely important role in mediating the process of inflammation. Inflammation and platelet activation are critical phenomena in the setting of acute coronary syndromes. An extensive exposition of this complex phenomenon is beyond the scope of this article (Rankin 2004).
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Abstract
The pathophysiology of post-PCI restenosis involves neointimal formation that consists of three phases: thrombosis (within 24 h), recruitment (3-8 days), and proliferation, which starts on day 8 of PCI. Various factors suggested to be predictors/risks for restenosis include C-reactive protein (CRP), inflammatory mediators (cytokines and adhesion molecules), oxygen radicals, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptors (RAGE), and soluble RAGE (sRAGE). The earlier noted factors produce thrombogenesis, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and extracellular matrix formation. Statins have pleiotropic effects. Besides lowering serum cholesterol, they have various other biological effects including antiinflammatory, antithrombotic, CRP-lowering, antioxidant, antimitotic, and inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation. They inhibit matrix metalloproteinase and cyclooxygenase-2, lower AGEs, decrease expression of RAGE and increase levels of serum sRAGE. They also increase the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) by increasing endothelial NO synthase expression and activity. Preprocedural statin therapy is known to reduce peri- and post-PCI myonecrosis and reduce the need for repeat revascularization. There is evidence that statin-eluting stents inhibit in-stent restenosis in animal models. It is concluded that because of the above attributes of statins, they are suitable candidates for reduction of post-PCI restenosis and post-PCI myonecrosis. The future directions for the use of statins in reduction of post-PCI restenosis and myonecrosis have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Prasad
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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15
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Gremmel T, Kopp CW, Steiner S, Seidinger D, Ay C, Koppensteiner R, Mannhalter C, Panzer S. The P-selectin gene Pro715 allele and low levels of soluble P-selectin are associated with reduced P2Y12 adenosine diphosphate receptor reactivity in clopidogrel-treated patients. Atherosclerosis 2011; 217:135-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Fichtenbaum CJ, Yeh TM, Evans SR, Aberg JA. Treatment with pravastatin and fenofibrate improves atherogenic lipid profiles but not inflammatory markers in ACTG 5087. J Clin Lipidol 2011; 4:279-87. [PMID: 20824151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Statins and fibrates alter lipids, apolipoproteins and inflammatory markers in persons without HIV. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in lipoproteins, apolipoproteins and other markers of inflammation with the use of pravastatin and fenofibrate. DESIGN Evaluation of participants in ACTG A5087, a randomized trial of pravastatin 40 mg/day or fenofibrate 200 mg/day for the treatment of dyslipidemia. Participants that failed single-agent therapy at week 12 were given the combination. METHODS Participants with available specimens were tested for apolipoproteins A1 and B, adiponectin, plasminogen-activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), P-selectin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). RESULTS 74 participants (37 per randomized arm) received either pravastatin or fenofibrate for 12 weeks with 60 receiving combination treatment from weeks 12-48. There were no significant changes in hs-CRP, PAI-1, and P-selectin. From baseline to week 12, the median Apo B levels (-8 mg/dL, P=0.01 for fenofibrate and -27 mg/dL, P<0.01 for pravastatin) and ApoB/A1 ratios (-0.16, P<0.01 for both arms) significantly decreased. From baseline to week 48, median adiponectin (-1 ng/dL, P<0.01), Apo B (-22 mg/dL, P<0.01) and Apo B/A1 ratios (-0.2, P<0.01) all decreased in those who went on combination therapy, whereas Apo A1 (9.5 mg/dL, P=0.01) levels increased. CONCLUSION Treatment with pravastatin or fenofibrate improves the atherogenic lipid profile within the first 12 weeks and is sustained through 48 weeks with combination therapy. Adiponectin levels decrease with lipid-lowering therapy. However, markers of inflammation and platelet activation were not appreciably changed suggesting that the biologic properties of these agents differ in persons with HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl J Fichtenbaum
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, PO Box 670405, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0405, USA.
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17
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Bosco G, Yang ZJ, Di Tano G, Camporesi EM, Faralli F, Savini F, Landolfi A, Doria C, Fanò G. Effect of in-water oxygen prebreathing at different depths on decompression-induced bubble formation and platelet activation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010; 108:1077-83. [PMID: 20185629 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01058.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Effect of in-water oxygen prebreathing at different depths on decompression-induced bubble formation and platelet activation in scuba divers was evaluated. Six volunteers participated in four diving protocols, with 2 wk of recovery between dives. On dive 1, before diving, all divers breathed normally for 20 min at the surface of the sea (Air). On dive 2, before diving, all divers breathed 100% oxygen for 20 min at the surface of the sea [normobaric oxygenation (NBO)]. On dive 3, before diving, all divers breathed 100% O2 for 20 min at 6 m of seawater [msw; hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) 1.6 atmospheres absolute (ATA)]. On dive 4, before diving, all divers breathed 100% O2 for 20 min at 12 msw (HBO 2.2 ATA). Then they dove to 30 msw (4 ATA) for 20 min breathing air from scuba. After each dive, blood samples were collected as soon as the divers surfaced. Bubbles were measured at 20 and 50 min after decompression and converted to bubble count estimate (BCE) and numeric bubble grade (NBG). BCE and NBG were significantly lower in NBO than in Air [0.142+/-0.034 vs. 0.191+/-0.066 (P<0.05) and 1.61+/-0.25 vs. 1.89+/-0.31 (P<0.05), respectively] at 20 min, but not at 50 min. HBO at 1.6 ATA and 2.2 ATA has a similar significant effect of reducing BCE and NBG. BCE was 0.067+/-0.026 and 0.040+/-0.018 at 20 min and 0.030+/-0.022 and 0.020+/-0.020 at 50 min. NBG was 1.11+/-0.17 and 0.92+/-0.16 at 20 min and 0.83+/-0.18 and 0.75+/-0.16 at 50 min. Prebreathing NBO and HBO significantly alleviated decompression-induced platelet activation. Activation of CD62p was 3.0+/-0.4, 13.5+/-1.3, 10.7+/-0.9, 4.5+/-0.7, and 7.6+/-0.8% for baseline, Air, NBO, HBO at 1.6 ATA, and HBO at 2.2 ATA, respectively. The data show that prebreathing oxygen, more effective with HBO than NBO, decreases air bubbles and platelet activation and, therefore, may be beneficial in reducing the development of decompression sickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Bosco
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ud'A Chieti-Pescara, Italy
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18
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Alvarez Y, Municio C, Alonso S, Román JAS, Crespo MS, Fernández N. Cyclooxygenase-2 Induced by Zymosan in Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Shows High Stability, and Its Expression Is Enhanced by Atorvastatin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 329:987-94. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.108.149336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Wang L, Rockwood J, Zak D, Devaraj S, Jialal I. Simvastatin reduces circulating plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 activity in volunteers with the metabolic syndrome. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2008; 6:149-52. [PMID: 18484901 DOI: 10.1089/met.2008.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Metabolic Syndrome (MS) confers an increased risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We previously showed that simvastatin has concomitant benefits in reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and inflammation in MS subjects. The levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1(PAI-1), soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin), and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) play an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Their levels are increased in the MS. The current study was to investigate the effects of simvastatin on PAI-1, sP-selectin, and sCD40 ligand. METHODS Fifty subjects with MS were randomized into either placebo or simvastatin (40 mg/day) group for 8 weeks. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and at the end of the study. PAI-1 activity and sP-selectin and sCD40L levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS There was no baseline difference in any of the parameters studied. Compared to baseline, simvastatin significantly reduced (P < 0.05) the circulating PAI-1 activity (24.3 +/- 5.2 IU/mL at baseline vs. 21.4 +/- 3.9 IU/mL after 8 weeks of treatment). Simvastatin did not alter (P < 0.05) the levels of sP-selectin (111.4 +/- 35.9 ng/mL at baseline vs. 118.5 +/- 71.2 ng/mL after 8 weeks) or sCD40L (2.0 +/- 1.6 ng/mL at baseline vs. 1.5 +/- 1.0 ng/mL after 8 weeks). CONCLUSION Our data indicate that simvastatin therapy has significant effects on the fibrinolytic system in MS subjects as evidenced in a reduction in PAI-1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Laboratory for Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
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20
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Lee DS, Larson MG, Lunetta KL, Dupuis J, Rong J, Keaney JF, Lipinska I, Baldwin CT, Vasan RS, Benjamin EJ. Clinical and genetic correlates of soluble P-selectin in the community. J Thromb Haemost 2008; 6:20-31. [PMID: 17944986 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02805.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND P-selectin is a cell adhesion molecule that is involved in atherogenesis, and soluble concentrations of this biomarker reflect cardiovascular risk. However, the clinical correlates and genetic characterization of soluble P-selectin have not been clearly elucidated. OBJECTIVE To describe clinical and genetic correlates of circulating P-selectin in the community. METHODS In Framingham Heart Study Offspring (European descent) and Omni (ethnic/racial minority) participants, we examined the association of cardiovascular risk factors with soluble P-selectin concentrations. In Offspring participants, we evaluated heritability, linkage and association of 29 SELP single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with adjusted P-selectin concentrations. RESULTS In multivariable analysis of 3,690 participants (54% women, mean age 60 +/- 10 years), higher log-transformed P-selectin concentrations were inversely associated with female sex and hormone replacement therapy, and positively associated with age, ethnic/racial minority status, cigarette smoking, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, and total/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. Clinical factors explained 10.4% of the interindividual variability in P-selectin concentrations. In 571 extended pedigrees (n = 1,841) with >or= 2 phenotyped members per family, multivariable-adjusted heritability was 45.4 +/- 5.8%. Among the SELP SNPs examined, a non-synonymous SNP (rs6136) encoding a threonine-to-proline substitution at position 715 was highly significantly associated with decreased P-selectin concentrations (P = 5.2 x 10(-39)), explaining 9.7% of variation after adjustment for clinical factors. CONCLUSIONS Multiple clinical factors and an SNP in the SELP gene were significantly associated with circulating P-selectin concentrations. One SNP in SELP explained significant variation in circulating P-selectin concentrations, even after accounting for known clinical correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Lee
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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21
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Koroglu A, Cicek M, Toprak HI, Karakoc Y, Noyan F, Ersoy OM. Comparison of the effects of desflurane and sevoflurane on the expression of platelet surface glycoproteins in unstimulated and adenosine diphosphate-induced platelets in vitro. J Clin Anesth 2007; 19:328-33. [PMID: 17869981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2007.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2006] [Revised: 01/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of one minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) desflurane and sevoflurane on the expression of CD42b (glycoprotein [GP] Ib), CD41 (GPIIb), CD61 (GPIIIa), CD62P (P-selectin), and CD63 in both unstimulated and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-stimulated platelets in vitro. SETTING University laboratory. SUBJECTS 15 healthy volunteers. INTERVENTIONS Platelet-rich plasma was obtained and divided into three groups: platelet-rich plasma exposed to air (group 1); air plus one MAC desflurane (6% vol; group 2), and air plus one MAC sevoflurane (2% vol; group 3), for 40 minutes. Percentage of antigen-positive cells (%(+)) mean channel fluorescence (MCF(Sigma)), and index of platelet activation for positive platelets (IPA(+)) as expression markers for GPIb, GPIIb, GPIIIa, P-selectin, and CD63, were measured. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In unstimulated platelets, expression markers for GPIIb and GPIIIa were significantly lower in groups 2 and 3 than group 1 (P < 0.001). P-selectin expression markers were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 or group 3 (P < 0.016). CD63 expression markers were significantly lower in group 3 than group 1 (P < 0.016). In ADP-stimulated platelets, expression markers for all glycoproteins were significantly higher in all groups. CONCLUSION Neither one MAC desflurane nor sevoflurane showed any significant change in ADP-stimulated platelets compared with the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Koroglu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya 44315, Turkey.
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22
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Ay C, Jungbauer LV, Sailer T, Tengler T, Koder S, Kaider A, Panzer S, Quehenberger P, Pabinger I, Mannhalter C. High concentrations of soluble P-selectin are associated with risk of venous thromboembolism and the P-selectin Thr715 variant. Clin Chem 2007; 53:1235-43. [PMID: 17510305 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2006.085068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cell adhesion molecule P-selectin has an important role in the pathophysiology of thrombosis. The effect on venous thromboembolism (VTE) of increased circulating concentrations of soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) and their association with the P-selectin variant Thr715Pro is still uncertain. METHODS This study was a case-control study of 116 patients with confirmed recurrent VTE and at least 1 event of unprovoked deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, and 129 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. We measured sP-selectin by ELISA and P-selectin gene (SELP) variation by genotyping and sampled blood after a mean interval of 2.55 years after the most recent VTE event. RESULTS The mean (SD) sP-selectin concentration was higher in patients than in controls: 47.3 (15.0) microg/L vs 36.8 (11.0) microg/L, P <0.001. The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) for sP-selectin >55.1 microg/L, representing the 95th percentile for controls, was 8.5 (95% CI, 3.7-23.3; P <0.001) and increased after adjustment for factor V Leiden, the prothrombin G20210A variant, increased factor VIII, and hyperhomocysteinemia (OR, 10.6; 95% CI, 4.1-31.2; P <0.001). Pro715 carriers were more prevalent among controls than patients (21.7% vs 14.7%). sP-selectin concentrations were lower in this subgroup than in noncarriers: 31.3 (7.9) microg/L vs 44.1 (14.1) microg/L; P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Increased sP-selectin concentrations are associated with VTE and genotype status. sP-selectin concentrations are lower in individuals carrying the P-selectin Pro715 variant than in those without this variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihan Ay
- Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Ferri N, Paoletti R, Corsini A. Biomarkers for atherosclerosis: pathophysiological role and pharmacological modulation. Curr Opin Lipidol 2006; 17:495-501. [PMID: 16960497 DOI: 10.1097/01.mol.0000245254.33011.de] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this article is to discuss the potential value of biomarkers for atherosclerosis in the assessment of risk for cardiovascular disease, in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and in the monitoring of pharmacological treatment. RECENT FINDINGS In an attempt to improve global cardiovascular risk prediction, considerable effort has been made in the discovery and characterization of soluble biomarkers which can go beyond the measure of total and LDL cholesterol levels. In particular, circulating molecules related to chronic inflammation have emerged as potential biomarkers for atherosclerosis. Evidence, obtained from in-vitro and in-vivo experimental models, has also documented that the majority of biomarkers play a pathological role in atherogenesis. Multiple screening of different biomarkers may therefore improve the assessment of risk, diagnosis, and prognosis for cardiovascular disease. In addition, soluble biomarkers have been shown to be modulated by hypolipidemic drugs and to be potentially useful in determining the clinical benefits of pharmacological therapies that do not alter serum lipid levels. SUMMARY Altered levels of soluble biomarkers are associated with cardiovascular disease, and profiling of multiple biomarkers for atherosclerosis will be a useful indicator for better risk assessment, diagnosis, and prognosis, as well as monitoring pharmacological treatments for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Ferri
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Marschang P, Götsch C, Kirchmair R, Kaser S, Kähler CM, Patsch JR. Postprandial, but not postabsorptive low-density lipoproteins increase the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in human aortic endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis 2006; 186:101-6. [PMID: 16122754 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2005] [Revised: 07/09/2005] [Accepted: 07/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The magnitude of postprandial lipemia has been identified as independent risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease. To test the effect of postprandial versus postabsorptive low-density lipoproteins (LDL) on the expression of adhesion molecules, LDL were isolated from healthy subjects before and 4h after ingestion of a standardized fatty test meal. We used flow cytometry and Northern blotting to quantify cell adhesion molecules in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). The adherence of leukocytes to HAEC was analyzed using a monocyte adhesion assay. Incubation of HAEC with postprandial, but not postabsorptive LDL induced a two-fold increase in the surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), but not of E-selectin or vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. In addition, increased amounts of ICAM-1 transcripts were found in HAEC treated with postprandial LDL. The adhesion of monocytes to HAEC was enhanced after pretreatment with postprandial, but not with postabsorptive LDL. We conclude that postprandial, but not postabsorptive LDL increase the surface expression of ICAM-1 in HAEC apparently by de novo protein synthesis leading to increased adhesion of monocytes. The upregulation of ICAM-1 by postprandial LDL may explain part of the proatherogenic effect of high postprandial lipemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Marschang
- Clinical Division of General Internal Medicine, Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstr. 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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