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Bhatt P, Bhavsar N, Naik D, Shah D. Comparative effectiveness of metoprolol, ivabradine, and its combination in the management of inappropriate sinus tachycardia in coronary artery bypass graft patients. Indian J Pharmacol 2021; 53:264-269. [PMID: 34414903 PMCID: PMC8411959 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_478_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) is an arrhythmic complication observed after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery which left untreated, commonly increases chances of postoperative stroke. The primary study objective was comparing effectiveness of beta blocker-metoprolol; a specific If blocker-ivabradine and its combination in patients who develop IST as a complication following CABG. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An open-labeled, investigator initiated, clinical study was conducted on 150 patients who developed IST (heart rate [HR] >100 beats/min) following elective CABG surgery. The patients were randomized into three treatment groups. Group I – received ivabradine (5 mg), Group II – metoprolol (25 mg), and Group III – ivabradine (5 mg) and metoprolol (25 mg). Treatment was given orally, twice a day for 7 days in all the three groups postoperatively. Primary endpoints were comparative effectiveness in HR and blood pressure reduction following treatment. RESULTS: IST was diagnosed by an electrocardiogram (12-lead) considering morphological features of P-wave and with 32% increase from baseline HR in all the three groups. Compared to IST arrthymic rate, HR was reduced in all groups following respective treatment (P = 0.05). Reduction in HR was significant (P < 0.05) in combination group followed by ivabradine which was significantly greater than metoprolol treated group. None of the treatments clinically changed the systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure till discharge. No surgery/treatment-related complications were observed in any groups. CONCLUSION: Ivabradine stands as a pharmacological option for controlling HR and rhythm without associated side effects in postoperative CABG patients with IST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parloop Bhatt
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department Care Institute of Medical Sciences, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Niren Bhavsar
- Department Care Institute of Medical Sciences, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Dhaval Naik
- Department Care Institute of Medical Sciences, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Dhiren Shah
- Department Care Institute of Medical Sciences, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Hsu JC, Huang CY, Chuang SL, Yu HY, Chen YS, Wang CH, Lin LY. Long Term Outcome of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery-A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:650147. [PMID: 33987211 PMCID: PMC8112811 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.650147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) results in a longer hospital stay and excess mortality. However, whether POAF would increase stroke rate has been debated for years. When and how long should anticoagulation be used to prevent stroke are unknown. In the study, we planned to investigate the clinical demographics and long-term outcomes of POAF after cardiac surgery in a single-center cohort. Methods: The cohort study used a database from National Taiwan University Hospital, a single tertiary medical center in Taiwan, between 2007 and 2017, to identify patients with prior normal sinus rhythm developing POAF after cardiac surgery. Patients without POAF after cardiac surgery were used as controls. Propensity score matching with 1:1 ratio and Cox regression models were employed to estimate the risk of transient ischemic accident (TIA) or ischemic stroke. Results: From 2007 to 2017, a total of 8,374 patients received open-heart surgery, in which 1,585 patients with a history of AF were excluded. The overall incidence of TIA/ischemic stroke was 3.9% in a median 9.2-years of follow-up. After propensity matching, 1,965 matched paired subjects were included for analysis. Postoperative atrial fibrillation was associated with an increased risk of future AF [Hazard ratio (HR) 1.40, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.09–1.79, p = 0.008] and heart failure (HF) hospitalization (HR 1.58, 95%CI 1.23–2.04, p < 0.001); however, POAF did not significantly correlate with the risk of TIA/ischemic stroke (HR 1.17, 95%CI 0.85–1.60, p = 0.043). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that POAF was a significant predictor for future AF, HF hospitalization, and overall mortality, but not for TIA/ischemic stroke. Conclusion: In the Asian population, POAF after cardiac surgery increased the risk of future AF, HF, and overall mortality, but was not associated with future TIA/ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chi Hsu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Camillian Saint Mary's Hospital Luodong, Yilan, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Lin Chuang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Yu Yu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Sharng Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Yu Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Electrophysiology, Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Thaper A, Kulik A. Rationale for administering beta-blocker therapy to patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery: a systematic review. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2018; 17:805-813. [PMID: 30037300 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2018.1504019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Secondary preventative therapies are essential for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery to optimize perioperative and long-term outcomes. Beta-blockers are commonly used to treat patients with coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure (CHF), but their role for CABG patients remains unclear. The goal of this systematic review was to evaluate the rationale for administering beta-blockers to the CABG population and to assess their efficacy before and after coronary surgical revascularization. AREAS COVERED A systematic literature review was performed to retrieve relevant articles from the PubMed database published between 1985 and 2017. EXPERT OPINION Outside of the surgical field, strong evidence supports the use of beta-blockers for patients with a history of previous myocardial infarction (MI) or CHF. For the CABG population, studies have suggested that perioperative beta-blocker therapy is beneficial, with an associated reduction in mortality, particularly among those with a history of previous MI or CHF. Beta-blocker administration has also clearly been shown to lower the rate of new-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation after CABG. Among the different types of beta-blockers, perioperative carvedilol appears to be the most beneficial. In the absence of contraindications, nearly all CABG patients are candidates for perioperative beta-blocker therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arushi Thaper
- a Lynn Heart and Vascular Institute, Boca Raton Regional Hospital, and Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine , Florida Atlantic University , Boca Raton , FL , USA
| | - Alexander Kulik
- a Lynn Heart and Vascular Institute, Boca Raton Regional Hospital, and Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine , Florida Atlantic University , Boca Raton , FL , USA
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Iliuta L, Rac-Albu M. Ivabradine Versus Beta-Blockers in Patients with Conduction Abnormalities or Left Ventricular Dysfunction Undergoing Cardiac Surgery. Cardiol Ther 2014; 3:13-26. [PMID: 25135587 PMCID: PMC4265234 DOI: 10.1007/s40119-013-0024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In patients with conduction abnormalities or left ventricle (LV) dysfunction the use of β-blockers for post cardiac surgery rhythm control is difficult and controversial, with a paucity of information about other drugs such ivabradine used postoperatively. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of ivabradine versus metoprolol used perioperatively in cardiac surgery patients with conduction abnormalities or LV systolic dysfunction. METHODS This was an open-label, randomized clinical trial enrolling 527 patients with conduction abnormalities or LV systolic dysfunction undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting or valvular replacement, randomized to take ivabradine or metoprolol, or metoprolol plus ivabradine. The primary endpoints were the composites of 30-day mortality, in-hospital atrial fibrillation (AF), in-hospital three-degree atrioventricular block and need for pacing, in-hospital worsening heart failure (HF; safety endpoints), duration of hospital stay and immobilization and the above endpoint plus in-hospital bradycardia, gastrointestinal symptoms, sleep disturbances, cold extremities (efficacy plus safety endpoint). RESULTS Heart rate reduction and prevention of postoperative AF or tachyarrhythmia with combined therapy was more effective than with metoprolol or ivabradine alone during the immediate postoperative management of cardiac surgery patients. In the Ivabradine group, the frequency of early postoperative pacing and HF worsening was smaller than in the Metoprolol group and in combined therapy group. The frequency of primary combined endpoint was lower in the combined Ivabradine + Metoprolol group compared with the monotherapy groups. CONCLUSION Considering efficacy and safety, the cardiac rhythm reduction after open heart surgery in patients with conduction abnormalities or LV dysfunction with ivabradine plus metoprolol emerged as the best treatment in this trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminita Iliuta
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marius Rac-Albu
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
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Dandale R, Rossi A, Onorati F, Krapivsky A, Kekes P, Milano A, Santini F, Faggian G. Does aortic valve disease etiology predict postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing aortic valve surgery? Future Cardiol 2014; 10:707-15. [DOI: 10.2217/fca.14.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is one of the most common complications of cardiac surgery and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Methods: We analyzed 830 patients without prior atrial fibrillation who underwent aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis and/or aortic regurgitation. Results: The incidence of POAF was 38%. The patients with POAF were older, predominately male and hypertensive. The incidence of POAF was significantly different according to the valve etiology. At multivariate analysis, rheumatic and degenerative aortic valve etiologies were independent predictors of POAF. Conclusion: Aortic valve disease etiology affects the development of POAF. Rheumatic and degenerative etiologies have a higher risk of developing POAF independently of other clinical, functional and hemodynamic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Dandale
- Department of Cardiology, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Wertgasse 30, 45468, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Andrea Rossi
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Onorati
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Alexander Krapivsky
- Department of Cardiology, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Wertgasse 30, 45468, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Paschalis Kekes
- Department of Cardiology, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Wertgasse 30, 45468, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Aldo Milano
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Santini
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Faggian
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University Hospital, Verona, Italy
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DiNicolantonio JJ, Hackam DG. Carvedilol: a third-generation β-blocker should be a first-choice β-blocker. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2012; 10:13-25. [PMID: 22149523 DOI: 10.1586/erc.11.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
β-Blockers are a standard of care in many clinical settings such as acute myocardial infarction, heart failure and patients at risk for a coronary event. However, not all β-blockers are the same and they vary in properties such as lipophilicity, metabolic profile, receptor inhibition, hemodynamics, tolerability and antioxidant/anti-inflammatory effects. It has been unclear whether these differences affect outcomes or if one β-blocker should be preferred over another. This review will summarize the properties of metoprolol, atenolol and carvedilol, as well as comparative experimental and clinical trials between these agents. We will provide compelling evidence of why carvedilol should be a first-line β-blocker and why it offers many advantages over the β1-selective β-blockers.
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Carvedilol Compared With Metoprolol on Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft. J Perianesth Nurs 2011; 26:384-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Govindan M, Savelieva I, Catanchin A, Camm AJ. Atrial fibrillation-the final frontier. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2010; 15:36S-50S. [PMID: 20940451 DOI: 10.1177/1074248410371947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and represents a significant health care issue. The diagnosis and management of AF uses a significant proportion of the health care budget and is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality. Restoration and maintenance of sinus rhythm is still an important treatment option for symptomatic AF. Anti-arrhythmic drugs (AADs) have had inconsistent results for the prevention of recurrent AF and have been hampered by significant adverse effects. Catheter ablation has rapidly evolved and is fast becoming an alternative for AF prevention. Although multiple treatment options exist, no single modality is effective for all patients. This review outlines best current practice for AF prevention and future perspectives, focusing on new and promising developments in antiarrhythmic drug therapy, strategies for ablation therapy, and forms of hybrid therapy that may offer improved outcomes in selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malini Govindan
- Division of Cardiac & Vascular Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK
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Chakraborty S, Shukla D, Mishra B, Singh S. Clinical updates on carvedilol: a first choice beta-blocker in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2010; 6:237-50. [PMID: 20073998 DOI: 10.1517/17425250903540220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Carvedilol, a non-selective beta-blocker, has recently drawn attention because of its therapeutic benefits over other prescribed analogues for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW The present review attempts to present the clinical efficacy of carvedilol in comparison to other available beta-blockers. The literature search was carried out in three electronic databases (Unbound Medline, Pubmed and Sciencedirect) and internet search engines (Scirus and Google Scholar) without time constraints to ensure maximum literature coverage. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN A relatively large number of comparative studies have revealed that carvedilol has advantage over traditional beta-blockers with respect to hemodynamic and metabolic effects, due to its unique non-selective alpha-/beta-adrenoceptor affinity. Such results indicate its safe and effective therapeutic application particularly in patients with complicated CVDs, even in pediatric and geriatric patients. TAKE HOME MESSAGE The therapeutic profile of carvedilol indicates its suitability for treatment of complicated CVDs than other non-selective beta-blockers. However, there is a limitation in terms of its dose due to its low bioavailability (approximately 25%). Therefore, there is still need for bioavailability enhancement and dose reduction to further improve the therapeutic efficacy of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashis Chakraborty
- Banaras Hindu University, Institute of Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Varanasi-221005, India
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