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Kompa AR. Rat Models of Cardiorenal Syndrome and Methods for Functional Assessment. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2803:145-162. [PMID: 38676891 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3846-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a clinical disorder involving combined heart and kidney dysfunction, which leads to poor clinical outcomes. To understand the complex pathophysiology and mechanisms that lie behind this disease setting, and design/evaluate appropriate treatment strategies, suitable animal models are required. Described here are the protocols for establishing surgically induced animal models of CRS including important methods to determine clinically relevant measures of cardiac and renal function, commonly used to assess the degree of organ dysfunction in the model and treatment efficacy when evaluating novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Kompa
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.
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2
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Huang YM, Li TX, Li SY, Zhu XR, Li Y, Liu DY, Li WM, Yang LQ, Liu KS, Liu C. Glucocorticoids ameliorate cardiorenal syndrome through the NPR1/SGK1 pathway in natriuretic peptide receptor A‑heterozygous mice. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:374. [PMID: 37415837 PMCID: PMC10320660 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natriuretic peptides, which are produced by the heart, bind to natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR1 encoded by natriuretic peptide receptor 1 gene) and cause vasodilation and natriuresis. Thus, they serve an important role in regulating blood pressure. In the present study, microinjection of CRISPR associated protein 9/single guide RNA into fertilized C57BL/6N mouse eggs was performed to generate filial generation zero (F0) Npr1 knockout homozygous mice (Npr1-/-). F0 mice mated with wild-type (WT) mice to obtain F1 Npr1 knockout heterozygous mice with stable heredity (Npr1+/-). F1 self-hybridization was used to expand the population of heterozygous mice (Npr1+/-). The present study performed echocardiography to investigate the impact of NPR1 gene knockdown on cardiac function. Compared with those in the WT group (C57BL/6N male mice), the left ventricular ejection fraction, myocardial contractility and renal sodium and potassium excretion and creatinine-clearance rates were decreased, indicating that Npr1 knockdown induced cardiac and renal dysfunction. In addition, expression of serum glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) increased significantly compared with that in WT mice. However, glucocorticoids (dexamethasone) upregulated NPR1 and inhibited SGK1 and alleviated cardiac and renal dysfunction caused by Npr1 gene heterozygosity. SGK1 inhibitor GSK650394 ameliorate cardiorenal syndrome by suppressing SGK1. Briefly, glucocorticoids inhibited SGK1 by upregulating NPR1, thereby ameliorating cardiorenal impairment caused by Npr1 gene heterozygosity. The present findings provided novel insight into the understanding of cardiorenal syndrome and suggested that glucocorticoids targeting the NPR1/SGK1 pathway may be a potential therapeutic target to treat cardiorenal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Meng Huang
- The First Cardiology Division, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050030, P.R. China
| | - Tong-Xin Li
- The First Cardiology Division, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050030, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Yu Li
- The First Cardiology Division, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050030, P.R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ran Zhu
- The First Cardiology Division, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050030, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050057, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- The First Cardiology Division, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050030, P.R. China
| | - Dang-Yang Liu
- The First Cardiology Division, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050030, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Min Li
- The First Cardiology Division, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050030, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Quan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050057, P.R. China
| | - Kun-Shen Liu
- The First Cardiology Division, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050030, P.R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- The First Cardiology Division, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050030, P.R. China
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Zou D, Li Y, Sun G. Attenuation of Circulating Trimethylamine N-Oxide Prevents the Progression of Cardiac and Renal Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Chronic Cardiorenal Syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:751380. [PMID: 34721039 PMCID: PMC8551721 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.751380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (HF) frequently causes progressive decline in kidney function, known as cardiorenal syndrome-2 (CRS2). Current treatment options for CRS2 remain unacceptably limited. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite of gut microbiota, has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of both HF and chronic kidney disease. Here we examined whether circulating TMAO is elevated in CRS2 and if so, whether attenuation of circulating TMAO would ameliorate the progression of CRS2. Sprague-Dawley rats underwent surgery for myocardial infarction (MI) or sham (week 0) followed by subtotal (5/6) nephrectomy (STNx) or sham at week 4 to induce CRS2 or control. At week 6, MI + STNx rats and control rats received vehicle or 1.0% 3,3-Dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB, a TMAO inhibitor) treatment for 8 weeks. Compared with control rats, MI + STNx rats exhibited elevated serum TMAO at week 6, which was increased further at week 14 but was attenuated by DMB treatment. MI + STNx rats showed cardiac dysfunction as assessed by echocardiography and renal dysfunction as evidenced by increased serum creatinine and urinary kidney injury molecule-1 and decreased creatinine clearance at week 6. The cardiac and renal dysfunction in MI + STNx rats was exacerbated at week 14 but was prevented by DMB treatment. Molecular and histological studies revealed myocyte hypertrophy and increases in interstitial myocardial fibrosis and gene expression of pro-hypertrophic and pro-fibrotic markers in both heart and kidney at week 14, which were accompanied by elevated gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines. The changes in molecular and histological parameters observed in MI + STNx rats were significantly reduced by DMB treatment. These findings suggest that rats with CRS2 have elevated circulating TMAO, which is associated with the exacerbation of cardiac and renal dysfunction. Attenuation of circulating TMAO can ameliorate cardiac and renal injury and prevents the progression of CRS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deling Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanyu Li
- Department of Nephrology, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Guangping Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Virzì GM, Clementi A, Milan Manani S, Castellani C, Battaglia GG, Angelini A, Vescovo G, Ronco C. The Role of Cell-Free Plasma DNA in Patients with Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 1. Cardiorenal Med 2021; 11:218-225. [PMID: 34518452 DOI: 10.1159/000518553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research highlighted the potential role of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA), resulted by apoptosis or cell necrosis, as a prognostic marker in the setting of different clinical conditions. Cardiorenal syndrome type 1 (CRS type 1) is characterized by a rapid worsening of cardiac function leading to acute kidney injury (AKI). Apoptosis of renal epithelial cells is proposed as a mechanism involved in CRS type 1. In this study, we investigated cfDNA levels in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) and CRS type 1 and the possible correlation between cfDNA levels and inflammatory and apoptotic parameters. METHODS We enrolled 17 AHF patients and 15 CRS type 1 who exhibited AKI at the time of admission (caused by AHF) or developed AKI during the first 48 h from admission. cfDNA was extracted from plasma and quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Plasma levels of NGAL, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18, and caspase-3 were measured. RESULTS We observed significantly higher levels of cfDNA in patients with CRS type 1 than patients with AHF. Caspase-3, IL-6, IL-18, and NGAL levels resulted significantly increased in patients with CRS type 1. Moreover, a positive correlation between cfDNA levels and caspase-3 levels was found, as well as between cfDNA levels and IL-6 and renal parameters. CONCLUSION Our study explores the premise of cfDNA as a marker for apoptosis and inflammation in CRS type 1 patients. cfDNA could potentially serve as an index for noninvasive monitoring of tissue damage and apoptosis in patients with AKI induced by AHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Maria Virzì
- IRRIV-International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy.,Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Anna Clementi
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Santa Marta and Santa Venera Hospital, Acireale, Italy
| | - Sabrina Milan Manani
- IRRIV-International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy.,Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Chiara Castellani
- Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Annalisa Angelini
- Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
| | - Giorgio Vescovo
- Internal Medicine, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy.,Internal Medicine Unit Sant'Antonio Hospital Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Claudio Ronco
- IRRIV-International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy.,Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy.,Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
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Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 inhibition reverses deleterious indoxyl sulfate-mediated endothelial effects. Life Sci 2021; 272:119267. [PMID: 33631173 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Indoxyl sulfate (IS), a protein-bound uremic toxin, is implicated in endothelial dysfunction, which contributes to adverse cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease. Apoptosis signal regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is a reactive oxygen species-driven kinase involved in IS-mediated adverse effects. This study assessed the therapeutic potential of ASK1 inhibition in alleviating endothelial effects induced by IS. MAIN METHODS IS, in the presence and absence of a selective ASK1 inhibitor (GSK2261818A), was assessed for its effect on vascular reactivity in rat aortic rings, and cultured human aortic endothelial cells where we evaluated phenotypic and mechanistic changes. KEY FINDINGS IS directly impairs endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and endothelial cell migration. Mechanistic studies revealed increased production of reactive oxygen species-related markers, reduction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and increased protein expression of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1). IS also increases angiopoietin-2 and tumour necrosis factor α gene expression and promotes transforming growth factor β receptor abundance. Inhibition of ASK1 ameliorated the increase in oxidative stress markers, promoted autocrine interleukin 8 pro-angiogenic signalling and decreased anti-angiogenic responses at least in part via reducing TIMP1 protein expression. SIGNIFICANCE ASK1 inhibition attenuated vasorelaxation and endothelial cell migration impaired by IS. Therefore, ASK1 is a viable intracellular target to alleviate uremic toxin-induced impairment in the vasculature.
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RE: Blockade of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 ameliorates cardiac dysfunction in cardiorenal syndrome via enhancing angiogenesis. Int J Cardiol 2020; 326:156. [PMID: 33080285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Zhong P, Yuan M, Kong B, Huang H. ASK-1, a new target in treating cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). Int J Cardiol 2020; 316:208. [PMID: 32891264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Mingjie Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Bin Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China.
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Wei WY, Lian ZX, Ji Y, Zhang N. Blockade of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 ameliorates cardiac dysfunction in cardiorenal syndrome via enhancing angiogenesis. Int J Cardiol 2020; 323:205. [PMID: 32920072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ying Wei
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhe-Xun Lian
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Ji
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Savira F, Edgley AJ, Jucker BM, Willette RN, Krum H, Kelly DJ, Kompa AR, Wang BH. RE: Inhibition of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 might be a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of cardiorenal syndrome. Int J Cardiol 2020; 323:260. [PMID: 32920075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feby Savira
- Biomarker Discovery Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amanda J Edgley
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Beat M Jucker
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Robert N Willette
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Henry Krum
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Darren J Kelly
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Andrew R Kompa
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Bing H Wang
- Biomarker Discovery Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Pan J, Wang L, Sun Y. Inhibition of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 might be a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of cardiorenal syndrome. Int J Cardiol 2020; 320:139. [PMID: 32712112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, Liaocheng 252000, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- Cardiologic Color Doppler room, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, Liaocheng 252000, PR China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, Liaocheng 252000, PR China..
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