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Wang YL, Tsou MCM, Lai LC, Hseu ZY, Hsi HC, Chien LC. Oral and inhalation bioaccessibility of mercury in contaminated soils and potential health risk to the kidneys and neurodevelopment of children in Taiwan. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:6267-6286. [PMID: 37289259 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01633-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Health risk assessments of exposure to mercury (Hg) from soils via ingestion and inhalation are indispensable for Taiwanese people living in the vicinity of Hg-contaminated sites. In this study, anthropogenic soils were collected from various polluted sources in Taiwan. In vitro oral and inhalation bioaccessible fractions of Hg were analyzed to avoid from overestimating the exposure risk. Discrepancies in oral and inhalation bioaccessible levels of Hg in soils were found using different in vitro assays with different pH levels and chemical compositions. The freshly contaminated soil (soil S7) polluted by chlor-alkali production activity sampled before the site was remediated had the highest total Hg concentration of 1346 mg/kg, with the highest oral bioaccessibility of 26.2% as analyzed by SW-846 Method 1340 and inhalation bioaccessibility of 30.5% as analyzed by modified Gamble's solution. The lesser extent of aging of Hg in soil S7 increased the Hg availability for humans, which was also found based on results of a sequential extraction procedure. Results of the hazard quotient showed that soil ingestion was the main pathway causing non-carcinogenic risks for children and adults. Children were also exposed to higher risks than were adults due to higher frequencies of hand-to-mouth behaviors and lower body weights. Furthermore, hazard index results adjusted for oral and inhalation bioaccessible Hg were lower than those obtained based on the total Hg content; however, an unacceptable value of the non-carcinogenic risk (> 1) for children living near soil S7 was still observed. This study suggests that children living near sites polluted for a short period of time may suffer potential renal effects regardless of the bioaccessibility. Our findings provide suggestions for decision makers on setting new strategies for managing risks of Hg-contaminated soils in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Lin Wang
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Xinyi Dist., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Rd., Sec. 4, Da'an Dist., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | | | - Li-Chi Lai
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Rd., Sec. 4, Da'an Dist., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Zeng-Yei Hseu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Cheng Hsi
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Rd., Sec. 4, Da'an Dist., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Ling-Chu Chien
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Xinyi Dist., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Alattar A, Alvi AM, Rashid S, Hussain N, Gul M, Ikram M, Khalil AAK, Alshaman R, Shah FA, Li S, Li J. RETRACTED: Carveol ameliorates mercury-induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in a mouse brain. Neurotoxicology 2022; 92:212-226. [PMID: 35963490 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editors-in-Chief. Sections of panels from Figure 7B appear similar to each other. Also, inconsistencies have been noticed between the text of the subsection 2.5.4. ‘Morris Water Maze (MWM) test’ and Figure 6E. The journal records indicated that the names of the authors Sajid Rashid, Nadia Hussain, Mehreen Gul, Muhammad Ikram and Jingbo Li were added to the revised version of the article without exceptional approval by the handling Editor, which is contrary to the journal policy on changes to authorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alattar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Arooj Mohsin Alvi
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sajid Rashid
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, UAE; AAU Health and Biomedical Research center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Mehreen Gul
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Atif Ali Khan Khalil
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Reem Alshaman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Shupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingbo Li
- Health Management Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Almeer RS, Alkahtani S, Alarifi S, Moneim AEA, Abdi S, Albasher G. Ziziphus spina-christi Leaf Extract Mitigates Mercuric Chloride-induced Cortical Damage in Rats. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2022; 25:103-113. [PMID: 33280592 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666201204124412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) severely impairs the central nervous system when humans are exposed to it. AIMS We investigated the neuroprotective efficiency of Ziziphus spina-christi leaf extract (ZSCLE) on HgCl2-mediated cortical deficits. METHODS Twenty-eight rats were distributed equally into four groups: the control, ZSCLE-treated (300 mg/kg), HgCl2-treated (0.4 mg/kg), and ZSCLE+HgCl2-treated groups. Animals received their treatments for 28 days. RESULTS Supplementation with ZSCLE after HgCl2 exposure prevented the deposition of mercury in the cortical slices. It also lowered malondialdehyde levels and nitrite and nitrate formation, elevated glutathione levels, activated its associated-antioxidant enzymes, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase, and upregulated the transcription of catalase and superoxide dismutase and their activities were accordingly increased. Moreover, ZSCLE activated the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 when compared with the HgCl2 group. Notably, post-treatment with ZSCLE increased the activity of acetylcholinesterase and ameliorated the histopathological changes associated with HgCl2 exposure. Furthermore, ZSCLE blocked cortical inflammation, as observed by the lowered mRNA expression and protein levels of interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, as well as decreased mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. In addition, ZSCLE decreased neuron loss by preventing apoptosis in the cortical tissue upon HgCl2 intoxication. CONCLUSION Based on the obtained findings, we suggest that ZSCLE supplementation could be applied as a neuroprotective agent to decrease neuron damage following HgCl2 toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafa S Almeer
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo,Egypt
| | - Saba Abdi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
| | - Gadah Albasher
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
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Oliveira VA, de Souza da Costa N, Mesquita M, Pedroso TF, da Luz Fiuza T, Peixoto NC, Pereira ME, Oliveira CS. Mercury toxicity in pregnant and lactating rats: zinc and N-acetylcysteine as alternative of prevention. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:40563-40572. [PMID: 32671705 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09836-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the toxic effects of inorganic mercury (Hg) in pregnant and lactating rats, as well as the possible protective effect of zinc (Zn) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Pregnant and lactating rats were pre-treated with ZnCl2 (27 mg/kg) and/or NAC (5 mg/kg) and after 24 h, they were exposed to HgCl2 (10 mg/kg). Animals were sacrificed 24 h after Hg exposure, and biochemical tests and metal determination were performed. Regarding pregnant rats, Hg exposure caused kidney, blood, and placenta δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) activity inhibition, and the pre-treatments showed a tendency of protection. Moreover, all the animals exposed to Hg presented high Hg levels in the kidney, liver, and placenta when compared with control group. Pregnant rats pre-exposed to Zn (Zn-Hg and Zn/NAC-Hg groups) presented an increase in hepatic metallothionein levels. Therefore, lactating rats exposed to Hg presented renal and blood δ-ALA-D inhibition; the pre-treatments showed a tendency to prevent the renal δ-ALA-D inhibition and prevented the blood δ-ALA-D inhibition caused by Hg. Lactating rats exposed to Hg presented high Hg levels in the kidney and liver. These results showed that 10 mg/kg of HgCl2 causes biochemistry alterations in pregnant and lactating rats, and Zn and NAC present promising results against these damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Antunes Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Nayara de Souza da Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Biotecnologia Aplicada a Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Rua Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mariana Mesquita
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Taíse Fonseca Pedroso
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago da Luz Fiuza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Nilce Coelho Peixoto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Campus Palmeira das Missões, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Independência, 3751, Bairro Vista Alegre, Palmeira das Missões, RS, Brazil.
| | - Maria Ester Pereira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Sirlene Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Biotecnologia Aplicada a Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Rua Silva Jardim, 1632, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
- Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Avenida Iguaçu, 333, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Xiang H, Tao Y, Zhang B, Liang C, Li Z, Feng L, Qi J, Pan W, Tong J, Yan S, Tao F. Protective effect of high zinc levels on preterm birth induced by mercury exposure during pregnancy: A birth cohort study in China. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 55:71-77. [PMID: 31345369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of our study were to determine whether prenatal mercury levels are associated with the risk of preterm birth (PTB) and whether high maternal serum zinc (Zn) levels alleviate any negative effects of maternal mercury (Hg) exposure regarding PTB. METHODS Serum concentrations of Zn and Hg were measured in 3025 pregnant women from the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort. Before the collection of blood samples, they underwent examinations via the completion of questionnaires. The delivery records of the women were obtained from a series of medical records. We divided the study population into tertiles according to the participants' Hg levels: the low-Hg group (the first tertile, <0.30 μg/L), the medium-Hg group (the second tertile, 0.30-0.43 μg/L) and the high-Hg group (the third tertile, ≥0.43 μg/L). The associations of Hg exposure with both the risk of PTB and gestational age (weeks) at birth were estimated using a binary logistic regression model and multivariable linear regression analysis, respectively. Afterwards, we conducted a repeated analyses test after the participants were stratified according to their Zn levels, using the 75th percentile division method. RESULTS Overall, the medians and the interquartile ranges of Hg and Zn in the second trimester were 0.36 (0.27, 0.48) μg/L and 812.34 (731.26, 896.59) μg/L, respectively. Hg levels were associated with PTB [adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.91 (1.17, 3.12) for the third tertile vs. the first tertile of the serum Hg levels]. In the stratification analysis of the participants in the low-Zn group, the high-Hg group exhibited a significant odds ratio of PTB [adjusted OR (95% CI): 1.87 (1.08, 3.24)], compared to the low-Hg group. However, in the participants from the high-Zn group, the high-Hg group exhibited a non-significant OR of PTB [adjusted OR (95% CI): 2.32 (0.73, 7.42)]. In the multivariate linear regression analysis, gestational age (weeks) at delivery was significantly and inversely associated with the ln-transformed Hg concentrations [adjusted β (95% CI): -0.16 (-0.26, -0.06)]. Similarly, after the stratification analysis in the high-Zn group, there were no significant associations between PTB and the Hg levels [adjusted β (95% CI): -0.12 (-0.33, 0.09)]. CONCLUSION Prenatal Hg exposure adversely affected PTB, and high Zn levels alleviate this effect, which indicates that a more stringent control of Hg and a sufficient intake of Zn are necessary to help birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Xiang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yiran Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Baoli Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chunmei Liang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Zhijuan Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lanlan Feng
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Juan Qi
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wan Pan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Juan Tong
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuangqin Yan
- Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Center, Ma'anshan, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, China.
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Insights into the Potential Role of Mercury in Alzheimer's Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 67:511-533. [PMID: 30877448 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg), which is a non-essential element, is considered a highly toxic pollutant for biological systems even when present at trace levels. Elevated Hg exposure with the growing release of atmospheric pollutant Hg and rising accumulations of mono-methylmercury (highly neurotoxic) in seafood products have increased its toxic potential for humans. This review aims to highlight the potential relationship between Hg exposure and Alzheimer's disease (AD), based on the existing literature in the field. Recent reports have hypothesized that Hg exposure could increase the potential risk of developing AD. Also, AD is known as a complex neurological disorder with increased amounts of both extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, which may also be related to lifestyle and genetic variables. Research reports on AD and relationships between Hg and AD indicate that neurotransmitters such as serotonin, acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine, and glutamate are dysregulated in patients with AD. Many researchers have suggested that AD patients should be evaluated for Hg exposure and toxicity. Some authors suggest further exploration of the Hg concentrations in AD patients. Dysfunctional signaling pathways in AD and Hg exposure appear to be interlinked with some driving factors such as arachidonic acid, homocysteine, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) sulfate, hydrogen peroxide, glucosamine glycans, glutathione, acetyl-L carnitine, melatonin, and HDL. This evidence suggests the need for a better understanding of the relationship between AD and Hg exposure, and potential mechanisms underlying the effects of Hg exposure on regional brain functions. Also, further studies evaluating brain functions are needed to explore the long-term effects of subclinical and untreated Hg toxicity on the brain function of AD patients.
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da Cunha de Medeiros P, Samelo RR, Silva APG, da Silva Araujo Santiago M, Duarte FA, de Castro ÍB, Perobelli JE. Prepubertal exposure to low doses of sodium arsenite impairs spermatogenesis and epididymal histophysiology in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:83-91. [PMID: 30291770 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, juvenile toxicity of inorganic arsenic (As) was investigated in male rats, focusing on reproductive effects. As is a metalloid naturally occurring in the environment, being the inorganic forms the most toxics. Contaminated drinking water and agricultural products are the main prospectors of intoxication for general population. In the present study, Wistar male rats (21 days old) were distributed into three groups (n = 10/group): control (received vehicle-filtered drinking water), As1 (received AsNaO2 at 0.01 mg L-1 ) and As2 (received AsNaO2 at 10 mg L-1 ). The animals were euthanized on PND 53. Testicular damages increased in As1 and As2 compared to control (ie, presence of vacuolization, acidophilic cells, and epithelium degeneration). Testicular interstitium of As1 and As2 presented fluid's increase and intense inflammatory infiltration. In the epididymis there was reduction of sperm amount in the lumen, besides epithelium areas presenting cribriform aspect in As1 and As2, exfoliation of cells in the light (in As1) and vacuoles (in As2). In epididymis interstitium, inflammatory infiltrates were observed in initial segment of As1 and As2. AsNaO2 changed immunolabeling pattern for androgen receptor in epididymis of As2, although serum testosterone levels was statistically comparable to control. Mass spectrometry revealed higher As concentrations in testis and epididymis of As2 compared to As1 and Control. These results indicate compromise of spermatogenesis and epididymal histophysiology in AsNaO2 -treated animals, possibly impairing sperm quality and fertility in long-term, even at low levels of exposure. Investigations about the reversibility of reproductive damages are necessary to better understand the mechanisms of As reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma da Cunha de Medeiros
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Experimental-LATOEX, Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Rodrigues Samelo
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Experimental-LATOEX, Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Priscila Gomes Silva
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Experimental-LATOEX, Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcella da Silva Araujo Santiago
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Experimental-LATOEX, Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Andrei Duarte
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Braga de Castro
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Elaine Perobelli
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Experimental-LATOEX, Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Continuous Exposure to Inorganic Mercury Affects Neurobehavioral and Physiological Parameters in Mice. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 66:291-305. [PMID: 30251082 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Contamination with mercury is a real health issue for humans with physiological consequences. The main objective of the present study was to assess the neurotoxicological effect of inorganic mercury: HgCl2. For this, adult mice were exposed prenatally, postnatally, and during the adult period to a low level of the metal, and their behavior and antioxidant status were analyzed. First, we showed that mercury concentrations in brain tissue of treated animals showed significant bioaccumulation, which resulted in behavioral deficits in adult mice. Thus, the treated mice developed an anxiogenic state, as evidenced by open field and elevated plus maze tests. This anxiety-like behavior was accompanied by a decrease in social behavior. Furthermore, an impairment of memory in these treated mice was detected in the object recognition and Y-maze tests. The enzymatic activity of the antioxidant system was assessed in eight brain structures, including the cerebral cortex, olfactory bulb, hippocampus, hypothalamus, mesencephalon, pons, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata. The results show that chronic exposure to HgCl2 caused alterations in the activity of catalase, thioredoxin reductase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione S-transferase, accompanied by peroxidation of membrane lipids, indicating a disturbance in intracellular redox homeostasis with subsequent increased intracellular oxidative stress. These changes in oxidative stress were concomitant with a redistribution of essential heavy metals, i.e., iron, copper, zinc, and magnesium, in the brain as a possible response to homeostatic dysfunction following chronic exposure. The alterations observed in overall oxidative stress could constitute the basis of the anxiety-like state and the neurocognitive disorders observed.
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Moraes-Silva L, Oliveira CS, Peixoto NC, Pereira ME. Copper attenuates early and late biochemical alterations induced by inorganic mercury in young rats. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2018; 81:633-644. [PMID: 29842829 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1474153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mercury (Hg), a divalent metal, produces adverse effects predominantly in the renal and central nervous systems. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of copper (Cu) in prevention of mercuric mercury (Hg2+)-mediated toxic effects as well as the role metallothioneins (MT) play in this protective mechanism in young rats. Wistar rats were treated subcutaneously with saline (Sal) or CuCl2.2H2O (Cu 2.6 mg/kg/day) from 3 to 7 days old and with saline or HgCl2 (Hg 3.7 mg/kg/day) from 8 to 12 days old. The experimental groups were (1) Sal-Sal, (2) Cu-Sal, (3) Sal-Hg, and (4) Cu-Hg. MTs and metal contents were determined at 13 and 33 days of age. Porphobilinogen synthase (PBG-synthase) activity as well as renal and hepatic parameters were measured at 33 days. At 13 day, Hg2+ exposure increased hepatic MT, Hg, zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) levels, in kidney elevated Cu and Hg and decreased renal Fe concentrations, accompanied by elevated blood Hg levels. At 33 days, Hg2+ exposure inhibited renal PBG-synthase activity, increased serum urea levels and lowered Fe and Mg levels. Copper partially prevented the rise in blood Hg and liver Fe noted at 13 days; and completely blocked urea rise and diminished renal PBG-synthase activity inhibition at 33 days. In 13-day-old rats, Cu exposure redistributed the Hg in the body, decreasing hepatic and blood levels while increasing renal levels, accompanied by elevated renal and hepatic MT levels in Hg2+-exposed animals. These results suggest that hepatic MT might bind to hepatic and blood Hg for transport to the kidney in order to be excreted. ABBREVIATIONS MT: metallothioneins; PBG-synthase: porphobilinogen synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucélia Moraes-Silva
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
| | - Cláudia Sirlene Oliveira
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
| | - Nilce Coelho Peixoto
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
- c Departamento de Ciências da Saúde , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Palmeira das Missões , RS , Brazil
| | - Maria Ester Pereira
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
- b Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
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Oliveira CS, Nogara PA, Ardisson-Araújo DMP, Aschner M, Rocha JBT, Dórea JG. Neurodevelopmental Effects of Mercury. ADVANCES IN NEUROTOXICOLOGY 2018; 2:27-86. [PMID: 32346667 PMCID: PMC7188190 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ant.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The toxicology of mercury (Hg) is of concern since this metal is ubiquitously distributed in the environment, and living organisms are routinely exposed to Hg at low to high levels. The toxic effects of Hg are well studied and it is known that they may differ depending on the Hg chemical species. In this chapter, we emphasize the neurotoxic effects of Hg during brain development. The immature brain is more susceptible to Hg exposure, since all the Hg chemical forms, not only the organic ones, can harm it. The possible consequences of Hg exposure during the early stages of development, the additive effects with other co-occurring neurotoxicants, and the known mechanisms of action and targets will be addressed in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia S Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Pablo A Nogara
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel M P Ardisson-Araújo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Virologia de Insetos, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA
| | - João B T Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - José G Dórea
- Professor Emeritus, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Naïja A, Kestemont P, Chénais B, Haouas Z, Blust R, Helal AN, Marchand J. Effects of Hg sublethal exposure in the brain of peacock blennies Salaria pavo: Molecular, physiological and histopathological analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 193:1094-1104. [PMID: 29874737 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Marine environments are affected by large amounts of toxicants among those mercury (Hg). The aim of this study was to assess potential neurotoxic effects of Hg in the peacock blenny Salaria pavo. A sublethal contamination to 66 μg HgCl2 L-1 over periods of 1, 4, 10 and 15 days was performed. Total Hg concentrations measured in the brain highlighted the detection of Hg at days 1 and 4 following the exposure but no concentration of the metal was further detected. Partial-length cDNA of genes coding ABC transporters (abcb1, abcc1, abcc2, abcg2) and acetylcholinesterase (ache) were characterized. Results from mRNA expression levels displayed an up-regulation of abcb1 mRNA while a down-regulation of abcc1 and abcc2 mRNA was observed. No change in abcg2 and ache mRNA expression was noted throughout the experiment. At each sampling time, Hg exposure did not affect the activity of the AChE enzyme. The histological analysis indicated that fish exhibited several damages in the optic tectum and the cerebellum and 3 reaction patterns were identified for each organ: circulatory disturbances, regressive and progressive changes. Molecular, physiological and histological biomarkers assessed in the present study highlighted that peacock blennies were able to detoxify Hg from the brain tissue by developing defense mechanisms. More globally, neurotoxic effects of a sublethal Hg exposure in the brain of peacock blennies and the adaptation capacity of this species were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Naïja
- Bioressources: Integrative Biology and Valuation (BIOLIVAL), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Benoit Chénais
- EA2160 Mer Molécules Santé, LUNAM, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, University of Le Mans, Le Mans, France
| | - Zohra Haouas
- Research Unit of Genetic, Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine, Avenue Avicenne, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ronny Blust
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Ahmed Noureddine Helal
- Bioressources: Integrative Biology and Valuation (BIOLIVAL), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Justine Marchand
- EA2160 Mer Molécules Santé, LUNAM, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, University of Le Mans, Le Mans, France.
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Pedroso TF, Oliveira CS, Fonseca MM, Oliveira VA, Pereira ME. Effects of Zinc and N-Acetylcysteine in Damage Caused by Lead Exposure in Young Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 180:275-284. [PMID: 28389902 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the toxicity of rats exposed to lead acetate (AcPb) during the second phase of brain development (8-12 days postnatal) in hematological and cerebral parameters. Moreover, the preventive effect of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was investigated. Pups were injected subcutaneously with saline (0.9% NaCl solution), ZnCl2 (27 mg/kg/day), NAC (5 mg/kg/day) or ZnCl2 plus NAC for 5 days (3rd-7th postnatal days), and with saline (0.9% NaCl solution) or AcPb (7 mg/kg/day) in the five subsequent days (8th-12th postnatal days). Animals were sacrificed 21 days after the last AcPb exposure. Pups exposed to AcPb presented inhibition of blood porphobilinogen-synthase (PBG-synthase) activity without changes in hemoglobin content. ZnCl2 pre-exposure partially prevented PBG-synthase inhibition. Regarding neurotoxicity biomarkers, animals exposed to AcPb presented a decrease in cerebrum acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and an increase in Pb accumulation in blood and cerebrum. These changes were prevented by pre-treatment with ZnCl2, NAC, and ZnCl2 plus NAC. AcPb exposure caused no alteration in behavioral tasks. In short, results show that AcPb inhibited the activity of two important enzymatic biomarkers up to 21 days after the end of the exposure. Moreover, ZnCl2 and NAC prevented the alterations induced by AcPb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taíse F Pedroso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Cláudia S Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana M Fonseca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Vitor A Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Ester Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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Inorganic mercury exposure in drinking water alters essential metal homeostasis in pregnant rats without altering rat pup behavior. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 65:18-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mesquita M, Pedroso TF, Oliveira CS, Oliveira VA, do Santos RF, Bizzi CA, Pereira ME. Effects of zinc against mercury toxicity in female rats 12 and 48 hours after HgCl2 exposure. EXCLI JOURNAL 2016; 15:256-67. [PMID: 27330529 PMCID: PMC4908667 DOI: 10.17179/excli2015-709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This work investigated the toxicity of inorganic mercury and zinc preventive effects in female rats sacrificed 12 or 48 h after HgCl2 exposure. Female Wistar rats were subcutaneously injected with ZnCl2 (27 mg/kg) or saline (0.9 %), and 24 h later they were exposed to HgCl2 (5 mg/kg) or saline (0.9 %). Rats sacrificed 12 hours after Hg administration presented an increase in kidney weight and a decrease in renal ascorbic acid levels. Zinc pretreatment prevented the renal weight increase. Rats sacrificed 48 h after Hg exposure presented a decrease in body weight gain, an increase in renal weight, a decrease in renal δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity, an increase in serum creatinine and urea levels, and a decrease in kidney total thiol levels. Zinc pretreatment partly prevented the decrease in body weight gain and increase in creatinine levels, in addition to totally preventing renal δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase inhibition. Mercury accumulation in the kidney and liver in both periods was observed after Hg administration. These results show the different Hg effects along the time of intoxication, and a considerably preventive effect of zinc against Hg toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Mesquita
- Post-Graduate Course in Biological Science - Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Taíse F Pedroso
- Post-Graduate Course in Biological Science - Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudia S Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Course in Biological Science - Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vitor A Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Course in Biological Science - Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Cezar Augusto Bizzi
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Ester Pereira
- Post-Graduate Course in Biological Science - Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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16
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Oliveira VA, Oliveira CS, Mesquita M, Pedroso TF, Costa LM, Fiuza TDL, Pereira ME. Zinc and N-acetylcysteine modify mercury distribution and promote increase in hepatic metallothionein levels. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 32:183-8. [PMID: 26302927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the ability of zinc (Zn) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in preventing the biochemical alterations caused by mercury (Hg) and the retention of this metal in different organs. Adult female rats received ZnCl2 (27mg/kg) and/or NAC (5mg/kg) or saline (0.9%) subcutaneously and after 24h they received HgCl2 (5mg/kg) or saline (0.9%). Twenty-four hours after, they were sacrificed and analyses were performed. Hg inhibited hepatic, renal, and blood δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) activity, decreased renal total thiol levels, as well as increased serum creatinine and urea levels and aspartate aminotransferase activity. HgCl2-exposed groups presented an important retention of Hg in all the tissues analyzed. All pre-treatments demonstrated tendency in preventing hepatic δ-ALA-D inhibition, whereas only ZnCl2 showed this effect on blood enzyme. Moreover, the combination of these compounds completely prevented liver and blood Hg retention. The exposure to Zn and Hg increased hepatic metallothionein levels. These results show that Zn and NAC presented promising effects against the toxicity caused by HgCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Antunes Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Course in Biological Science - Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Sirlene Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Course in Biological Science - Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Mesquita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Taise Fonseca Pedroso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Lidiane Machado Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago da Luz Fiuza
- Post-Graduate Course in Biological Science - Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Ester Pereira
- Post-Graduate Course in Biological Science - Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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17
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Fiuza TDL, Oliveira CS, da Costa M, Oliveira VA, Zeni G, Pereira ME. Effectiveness of (PhSe)2 in protect against the HgCl2 toxicity. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 29:255-62. [PMID: 24954677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the preventive effect of diphenyl diselenide [(PhSe)2] on renal and hepatic toxicity biomarkers and oxidative parameters in adult mice exposed to mercury chloride (HgCl2). Selenium (Se) and mercury (Hg) determination was also carried out. Mice received a daily oral dose of (PhSe)2 (5.0mg/kg/day) or canola oil for five consecutive days. During the following five days, the animals were treated with a daily subcutaneous dose of HgCl2 (5.0mg/kg/day) or saline (0.9%). Twenty-four hours after the last HgCl2 administration, the animals were sacrificed and biological material was obtained. Concerning toxicity biomarkers, Hg exposure inhibited blood δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALA-D), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and also increased serum creatinine levels. (PhSe)2 partially prevented blood δ-ALA-D inhibition and totally prevented the serum creatinine increase. Regarding the oxidative parameters, Hg decreased kidney TBARS levels and increased kidney non-protein thiol levels, while (PhSe)2 pre-treatment partially protected the kidney thiol levels increase. Animals exposed to HgCl2 presented Hg content accumulation in blood, kidney and liver. The (PhSe)2 pre-treatment increased Hg accumulation in kidney and decreased in blood. These results show that (PhSe)2 can be efficient in protecting against these toxic effects presented by this Hg exposure model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago da Luz Fiuza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Sirlene Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Michael da Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vitor Antunes Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gilson Zeni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Ester Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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18
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Evaluation of the effects of chronic intoxication with inorganic mercury on memory and motor control in rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:9171-85. [PMID: 25198682 PMCID: PMC4199013 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110909171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate whether chronic intoxication with mercury chloride (HgCl2), in a low concentration over a long time, can be deposited in the central nervous tissue and to determine if this exposure induces motor and cognitive impairments. Twenty animals were intoxicated for 45 days at a dose of 0.375 mg/kg/day. After this period, the animals underwent a battery of behavioral tests, in a sequence of open field, social recognition, elevated T maze and rotarod tests. They were then sacrificed, their brains collected and the motor cortex and hippocampus dissected for quantification of mercury deposited. This study demonstrates that long-term chronic HgCl2 intoxication in rats promotes functional damage. Exposure to HgCl2 induced anxiety-related responses, short- and long-term memory impairments and motor deficits. Additionally, HgCl2 accumulated in both the hippocampus and cortex of the brain with a higher affinity for the cortex.
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Moraes-Silva L, Siqueira LF, Oliveira VA, Oliveira CS, Ineu RP, Pedroso TF, Fonseca MM, Pereira ME. Preventive Effect of CuCl2on Behavioral Alterations and Mercury Accumulation in Central Nervous System Induced by HgCl2in Newborn Rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2014; 28:328-35. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Moraes-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, CCNE; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria 97105-900 RS Brazil
| | - L. F. Siqueira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria 97105-900 RS Brazil
| | - V. A. Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, CCNE; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria 97105-900 RS Brazil
| | - C. S. Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, CCNE; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria 97105-900 RS Brazil
| | - R. P. Ineu
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, CCNE; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria 97105-900 RS Brazil
| | - T. F. Pedroso
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria 97105-900 RS Brazil
| | - M. M. Fonseca
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria 97105-900 RS Brazil
| | - M. E. Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, CCNE; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria 97105-900 RS Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria 97105-900 RS Brazil
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Oliveira VA, Oliveira CS, Ineu RP, Moraes-Silva L, de Siqueira LF, Pereira ME. Lactating and non-lactating rats differ in sensitivity to HgCl(2): Protective effect of ZnCl(2). J Trace Elem Med Biol 2014; 28:240-246. [PMID: 24679358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work investigated zinc (Zn) and mercury (Hg) effects on oxidative parameters, markers of toxicity and metal levels in different tissues from non-lactating rats (NLR) and lactating rats (LR). Adult NLR and LR received ZnCl2 (27mg/kg) or saline (0.9%) subcutaneously and after 24h they received HgCl2 (5mg/kg) or saline (0.9%). Twenty four hours later, they were sacrificed and the preparation of biological material and biochemical analyses were performed. With respect to oxidative parameters, Hg exposure decreased kidney total SH levels from NLR and LR and hepatic catalase activity (not statistically significant) in NLR. Zinc pre-treatment partly prevented the decrease of kidney total SH levels in LR. Zinc per se increased hepatic non-protein SH levels of NLR and LR. Regarding toxicity markers, Hg exposure inhibited the δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) activity from kidney and liver of NLR, inhibited serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity of LR and increased serum creatinine and urea levels of NLR and LR. Zinc pre-exposure prevented the enzymatic alterations caused by Hg. NLR and LR Hg exposed presented accumulation of mercury in the kidney, liver, blood and urine. Zinc pre-treatment prevented this accumulation partly in NLR liver and blood and completely in LR kidney and liver. These results show that NLR and LR are differently sensitive to HgCl2 and that ZnCl2 showed a promising effect against Hg toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Antunes Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Sirlene Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Porto Ineu
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Moraes-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Lucieli Flores de Siqueira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Ester Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
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21
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Favero AM, Oliveira CS, Franciscato C, Oliveira VA, Pereira JSF, Bertoncheli CM, da Luz SCA, Dressler VL, Flores ÉMM, Pereira ME. Lactating and nonlactating rats differ to renal toxicity induced by mercuric chloride: the preventive effect of zinc chloride. Cell Biochem Funct 2014; 32:420-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre M. Favero
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Cláudia S. Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Carina Franciscato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Vitor A. Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Juliana S. F. Pereira
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Claudia M. Bertoncheli
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Sônia C. A. da Luz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria RS Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Valderi L. Dressler
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Érico M. M. Flores
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Maria E. Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria RS Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria RS Brazil
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Mercury chloride increases hepatic alanine aminotransferase and glucose 6-phosphatase activities in newborn rats in vivo. Cell Biol Int 2012; 36:561-6. [PMID: 22413763 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20100475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work investigated the in vivo and in vitro effects of HgCl2 and ZnCl2 on metabolic enzymes from tissues of young rats to verify whether the physiological and biochemical alterations induced by mercury and prevented by zinc are related to hepatic and renal glucose metabolism. Wistar rats received (subcutaneous) saline or ZnCl2 (27 mg/kg/day) from 3 to 7 days old and saline or HgCl2 (5.0 mg/kg/day) from 8 to 12 days old. Mercury exposure increased the hepatic alanine aminotransferase (∼6-fold) and glucose 6-phosphatase (75%) activity; zinc pre-exposure prevented totally and partially these mercury alterations respectively. In vitro, HgCl2 inhibited the serum (22%, 10 μM) and liver (54%, 100 μM) alanine aminotransferase, serum (53%) and liver (64%) lactate dehydrogenase (10 μM), and liver (53%) and kidney (41%) glucose 6-phosphatase (100 μM) from 10- to 13-day-old rats. The results show that mercury induces distinct alterations in these enzymes when tested in vivo or in vitro as well as when different sources were used. The increase of both hepatic alanine aminotransferase and glucose 6-phosphatase activity suggests that the mercury-exposed rats have increased gluconeogenic activity in the liver. Zinc prevents the in vivo effects on metabolic changes induced by mercury.
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Moraes-Silva L, Bueno TM, Franciscato C, Ineu RP, Pereira ME. Effectiveness of copper chloride in protecting against alterations induced by mercury chloride in newborn rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2012; 26:354-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Oliveira CS, Oliveira VA, Ineu RP, Moraes-Silva L, Pereira ME. Biochemical parameters of pregnant rats and their offspring exposed to different doses of inorganic mercury in drinking water. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2382-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lead intoxication induces noradrenaline depletion, motor nonmotor disabilities, and changes in the firing pattern of subthalamic nucleus neurons. Neuroscience 2012; 210:375-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Franciscato C, Moraes-Silva L, Duarte FA, Oliveira CS, Ineu RP, Flores EMM, Dressler VL, Peixoto NC, Pereira ME. Delayed biochemical changes induced by mercury intoxication are prevented by zinc pre-exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:480-486. [PMID: 21183220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This work evaluated the delayed effects of mercury and the effectiveness of zinc in preventing such effects. Pups were pre-treated with 1 daily dose of ZnCl(2) (27 mg/kg/day, by subcutaneous injections) from 3rd to 7th postnatal day and received 1 daily dose of 5 mg/kg of HgCl(2), for 5 subsequent days (8-12 days old). Animals were euthanized 21 days after the end of Hg-exposure. Porphobilinogen-synthase activity as well as zinc and mercury contents was determined in the liver and kidneys. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactic dehydrogenase activities as well as urea, creatinine and glucose levels were analyzed in plasma or serum. Some animals were considered more sensitive to mercury, since they did not recover the body weight gain and presented an increase of renal and hepatic mercury content, urea and creatinine levels; a decrease in renal porphobilinogen-synthase and alanine aminotransferase activities, as well as a decrease in the liver and an increase in kidney weights. Some animals were considered less sensitive to mercury because they recovered the body weight and presented no biochemical alterations in spite of mercury in the tissues. Zinc prevents partially or totally the alterations caused by mercury even those that persisted for a long time after the end of exposure. These findings suggest that there is difference among the animals regarding the sensitivity to mercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Franciscato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Balambigai N, Aruna D. Impact of Copper Sulphate, an Essential Micronutrient on ACh, AChE and Na+K+ATPase in Various Tissues of the Fish Cyprinus carpio (L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/rjet.2011.141.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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