1
|
Singh D, Anand S. Efficacy of a typical clean-in-place protocol against in vitro membrane biofilms. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:9417-9425. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
2
|
Bhanduriya K, Mealy L, Anand S, Metzger L. Effect of midday pasteurizer washing on thermoduric organisms and their progression through Cheddar cheese manufacturing and ripening. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:109-122. [PMID: 34656352 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Thermoduric bacteria are known to affect the quality of Cheddar cheese, with manifested defects including slits, weak body, and blowing. Thermoduric bacteria are likely to increase in numbers during cheese-making, as in-process conditions are conducive to proliferation. The present study was conducted to track thermoduric bacterial progression during an 18- to 20-h Cheddar cheese production run and during ripening when the pasteurizer was washed at midway through the production day. This study also correlated a broad range of chemical changes to the growth of thermoduric bacteria during ripening. Three independent cheese trials were performed at 3.5- ± 0.5-mo intervals. Samples were drawn in duplicates at 4 different times of the day: at the start of the run (vat 1), prior to a midday wash of the pasteurizer (vat 20), after the midday wash of the pasteurizer (vat 21), and at the end of the run (vat 42) for raw milk, pasteurized milk, and cheese. Cheeses were also tested during ripening for 6 mo. Results showed that raw milk total bacterial counts comprised 0.24% thermoduric mesophiles (TM) and 0.12% thermoduric thermophiles (TT). The thermoduric thermophilic bacterial counts increased by log10 1.23 during the pasteurizer run of 9 to 10 h, indicating a buildup of thermoduric thermophilic bacteria during the pasteurization process itself. Midday washing reduced thermophilic counts by log10 1.36, as evident by pre- and post-midday wash counts. However, a thermophilic buildup during post-midday wash was again noticed near the end of the 20-h run. We found that TT bacteria decreased in the first 60 d of ripening, whereas TM bacteria increased during the same period. However, TT bacteria increased later during 60 to 180 d of ripening. Bacillus licheniformis was the most frequently isolated bacteria in this study and was recovered at all production stages sampled during the cheese-making and ripening. We observed a significant increase in the level of orotic and uric acids in the vat made at the end of the day. No significant difference in the overall chemical composition, proteolysis, sugar, or other organic acids was observed in cheese made at the start versus the end of the production run.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khilendra Bhanduriya
- Midwest Dairy Foods Research Center, Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007
| | - Laura Mealy
- Midwest Dairy Foods Research Center, Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007
| | - Sanjeev Anand
- Midwest Dairy Foods Research Center, Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007.
| | - Lloyd Metzger
- Midwest Dairy Foods Research Center, Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kroning IS, Ramires T, Haubert L, Rizzi C, Fernandes MDS, Lopes GV, Dellagostin OA, Silva WPD. Biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus from milk and expression of the adhesion genes ebpS and cna at different temperatures. Can J Microbiol 2021; 67:677-685. [PMID: 33945694 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2021-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the ability of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from milk to form biofilm, through detection of adhesion genes, investigating exopolysaccharide (EPS) production and biofilm formation on polystyrene (PS) and stainless steel (SS) surfaces, and by quantifying the expression of ebpS and cna genes under different temperatures and culture media. Among the 31 isolates, the adhesion genes ebpS and cna were found in 81% and 61% of the isolates, respectively. The screening tests for phenotype revealed that 58% of the isolates were EPS producers, and 45% showed the ability to produce biofilm on PS. Nine of the 31 isolates were selected to verify their ability to form biofilm on SS, of which 3 were non-biofilm producers, 3 were poor biofilm producers, and 3 were moderate biofilm producers. However, all nine isolates produced biofilm on SS, regardless of their phenotypic profile on PS. Reverse-transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) revealed no variation in the expression levels of ebpS and cna genes at different temperatures, except for isolate S24 at 10 °C, for both genes tested. Moreover, RT-qPCR assays revealed that the expression levels of the adhesion genes ebpS and cna are isolate- and temperature-dependent; however, they are independent of the phenotypic biofilm-formation profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Schneid Kroning
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão s/nº, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000 Brazil
| | - Tassiana Ramires
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão s/nº, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000 Brazil
| | - Louise Haubert
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão s/nº, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000 Brazil
| | - Caroline Rizzi
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Meg da Silva Fernandes
- Adere Treinamentos, Rua Pioneiro Nilso Costa 475A, Maringá, Paraná, CEP 87075850, Brazil
| | - Graciela Volz Lopes
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão s/nº, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000 Brazil
| | - Odir Antônio Dellagostin
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Wladimir Padilha da Silva
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão s/nº, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 354, 96160-000 Brazil.,Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Enzyme-based strategy to eradicate monospecies Macrococcus caseolyticus biofilm contamination in dairy industries. Int Dairy J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.104560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
6
|
Influence of feed temperature to biofouling of ultrafiltration membrane during skim milk processing. Int Dairy J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
7
|
Ribeiro Júnior J, Tamanini R, de Oliveira A, Alfieri A, Beloti V. Genetic diversity of thermoduric spoilage microorganisms of milk from Brazilian dairy farms. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:6927-6936. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
8
|
Biofilm Formation on Stainless Steel by Streptococcus thermophilus UC8547 in Milk Environments Is Mediated by the Proteinase PrtS. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.02840-16. [PMID: 28159787 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02840-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In Streptococcus thermophilus, gene transfer events and loss of ancestral traits over the years contribute to its high level of adaptation to milk environments. Biofilm formation capacity, a phenotype that is lost in the majority of strains, plays a role in persistence in dairy environments, such as milk pasteurization and cheese manufacturing plants. To investigate this property, we have studied S. thermophilus UC8547, a fast-acidifying dairy starter culture selected for its high capacity to form biofilm on stainless steel under environmental conditions resembling the dairy environment. Using a dynamic flow cell apparatus, it was shown that S. thermophilus UC8547 biofilm formation on stainless steel depends on the presence of milk proteins. From this strain, which harbors the prtS gene for the cell wall protease and shows an aggregative phenotype, spontaneous mutants with impaired biofilm capacity can be isolated at high frequency. These mutants lack the PrtS expendable island, as confirmed by comparison of the genome sequence of UC8547Δ3 with that of the parent strain. The prtS island excision occurs between two 26-bp direct repeats located in the two copies of the ISSth1 flanking this genomic island. The central role of PrtS was confirmed by analyzing the derivative strain UC8547Δ16, whose prtS gene was interrupted by an insertional mutation, thereby making it incapable of biofilm formation. PrtS, acting as a binding substance between the milk proteins adhered to stainless steel and S. thermophilus cell envelopes, mediates biofilm formation in dairy environments. This feature provides S. thermophilus with an ecological benefit for its survival and persistence in this environment.IMPORTANCE The increased persistence of S. thermophilus biofilm has consequences in the dairy environment: if, on the one hand, the release of this microorganism from biofilm can promote the fermentation of artisanal cheeses, under industrial conditions it may lead to undesirable contamination of dairy products. The study of the molecular mechanism driving S. thermophilus biofilm formation provides increased knowledge on how an ancestral trait affects relevant phenotypes, such as persistence in the environment and efficiency of growth in milk. This study provides insight into the genetic factors affecting biofilm formation at dairy plants.
Collapse
|
9
|
Smith MK, Draper LA, Hazelhoff PJ, Cotter PD, Ross RP, Hill C. A Bioengineered Nisin Derivative, M21A, in Combination with Food Grade Additives Eradicates Biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1939. [PMID: 27965658 PMCID: PMC5127793 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of foodborne disease has large economic and social consequences worldwide. Despite strict regulations, a number of pathogens persist within the food environment, which is greatly contributed to by a build-up of resistance mechanisms and also through the formation of biofilms. Biofilms have been shown to be highly resistant to a number of antimicrobials and can be extremely difficult to remove once they are established. In parallel, the growing concern of consumers regarding the use of chemically derived antimicrobials within food has led to a drive toward more natural products. As a consequence, the use of naturally derived antimicrobials has become of particular interest. In this study we investigated the efficacy of nisin A and its bioengineered derivative M21A in combination with food grade additives to treat biofilms of a representative foodborne disease isolate of Listeria monocytogenes. Investigations revealed the enhanced antimicrobial effects, in liquid culture, of M21A in combination with citric acid or cinnamaldehyde over its wild type nisin A counterpart. Subsequently, an investigation was conducted into the effects of these combinations on an established biofilm of the same strain. Nisin M21A (0.1 μg/ml) alone or in combination with cinnamaldehyde (35 μg/ml) or citric acid (175 μg/ml) performed significantly better than combinations involving nisin A. All combinations of M21A with either citric acid or cinnamaldehyde eradicated the L. monocytogenes biofilm (in relation to a non-biofilm control). We conclude that M21A in combination with available food additives could further enhance the antimicrobial treatment of biofilms within the food industry, simply by substituting nisin A with M21A in current commercial products such as Nisaplin® (Danisco, DuPont).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muireann K Smith
- APC Microbiome Institute, School of Microbiology, University College Cork Cork, Ireland
| | - Lorraine A Draper
- APC Microbiome Institute, School of Microbiology, University College Cork Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Paul D Cotter
- APC Microbiome Institute, School of Microbiology, University College CorkCork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research CentreCork, Ireland
| | - R P Ross
- APC Microbiome Institute, School of Microbiology, University College Cork Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Institute, School of Microbiology, University College Cork Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Risk to public and/or animal health of the treatment of dead‐in‐shell chicks (Category 2 material) to be used as raw material for the production of biogas or compost with Category 3 approved method. EFSA J 2015. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
11
|
Hotrum NE, de Jong P, Akkerman JC, Fox MB. Pilot scale ultrasound enabled plate heat exchanger – Its design and potential to prevent biofouling. J FOOD ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
12
|
Krivorot M, Kushmaro A, Oren Y, Gilron J. Factors affecting biofilm formation and biofouling in membrane distillation of seawater. J Memb Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2011.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
13
|
Biofilm formation on stainless steel by Staphylococcus epidermidis in milk and influence of glucose and sodium chloride on the development of ica-mediated biofilms. Int Dairy J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
14
|
Burgess SA, Lindsay D, Flint SH. Thermophilic bacilli and their importance in dairy processing. Int J Food Microbiol 2010; 144:215-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Revised: 08/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
15
|
McMeekin T, Hill C, Wagner M, Dahl A, Ross T. Ecophysiology of food-borne pathogens: Essential knowledge to improve food safety. Int J Food Microbiol 2010; 139 Suppl 1:S64-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
16
|
Burgess SA, Brooks JD, Rakonjac J, Walker KM, Flint SH. The formation of spores in biofilms of Anoxybacillus flavithermus. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 107:1012-8. [PMID: 19320952 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04282.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the rate and the extent of spore formation in Anoxybacillus flavithermus biofilms and to test the effect of one key variable - temperature - on spore formation. METHODS AND RESULTS A continuous flow laboratory reactor was used to grow biofilms of the typical dairy thermophile A. flavithermus (strain CM) in skim milk. The reactor was inoculated with either a washed culture or a spore suspension of A. flavithermus CM, and was run over an 8.5 h period at three different temperatures of 48, 55 and 60 degrees C. Change in impedance was used to determine the cell numbers in the milk and on the surface of the stainless steel reactor tubes. The biofilm developed at all three temperatures within 6-8 h. Spores formed at 55 and 60 degrees C and amounted to approx. 10-50% of the biofilm. No spores formed at 48 degrees C. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that both biofilm formation and spore formation of A. flavithermus can occur very rapidly and simultaneously. In addition, temperature variation has a considerable effect on the formation of spores. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This information will provide direction for developing improved ways in which to manipulate conditions in milk powder manufacturing plants to control biofilms and spores of A. flavithermus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Burgess
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
McMeekin T, Bowman J, McQuestin O, Mellefont L, Ross T, Tamplin M. The future of predictive microbiology: Strategic research, innovative applications and great expectations. Int J Food Microbiol 2008; 128:2-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Revised: 05/22/2008] [Accepted: 06/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|