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Wendt LM, Ludwig V, Rossato FP, Berghetti MRP, Schultz EE, Thewes FR, Soldateli FJ, Brackmann A, Both V. Combined effects of storage temperature variation and dynamic controlled atmosphere after long-term storage of ‘Maxi Gala’ apples. Food Packag Shelf Life 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2021.100770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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2
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Žebeljan A, Duduk N, Vučković N, Jurick WM, Vico I. Incidence, Speciation, and Morpho-Genetic Diversity of Penicillium spp. Causing Blue Mold of Stored Pome Fruits in Serbia. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7121019. [PMID: 34947001 PMCID: PMC8709240 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Blue mold, caused by Penicillium spp., is one of the most economically important postharvest diseases of pome fruits, globally. Pome fruits, in particular apple, is the most widely grown pome fruit in Serbia, and the distribution of Penicillium spp. responsible for postharvest decay is unknown. A two-year survey was conducted in 2014 and 2015, where four pome fruits (apple, pear, quince, and medlar) with blue mold symptoms were collected from 20 storage locations throughout Serbia. Detailed morphological characterization, analysis of virulence in three apple cultivars, and multilocus phylogeny revealed three main Penicillium spp. in order of abundance: P. expansum, P. crustosum, and P. solitum. Interestingly, P. expansum split into two distinct clades with strong statistical support that coincided with several morphological observations. Findings from this study are significant and showed previously undocumented diversity in blue mold fungi responsible for postharvest decay including the first finding of P. crustosum, and P. solitum as postharvest pathogens of quince and P. crustosum of medlar fruit in the world, and P. expansum of quince in Serbia. Data from this study provide timely information regarding phenotypic, morphological and genotypic plasticity in P. expansum that will impact the design of species-specific detection tools and guide the development of blue mold management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Žebeljan
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.Ž.); (N.V.); (I.V.)
| | - Nataša Duduk
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.Ž.); (N.V.); (I.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-381-11-441-3555
| | - Nina Vučković
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.Ž.); (N.V.); (I.V.)
| | - Wayne M. Jurick
- USDA-ARS, Food Quality Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;
| | - Ivana Vico
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.Ž.); (N.V.); (I.V.)
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3
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Wang K, Ngea GLN, Godana EA, Shi Y, Lanhuang B, Zhang X, Zhao L, Yang Q, Wang S, Zhang H. Recent advances in Penicillium expansum infection mechanisms and current methods in controlling P. expansum in postharvest apples. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2598-2611. [PMID: 34542350 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1978384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the most significant challenges associated with postharvest apple deterioration is the blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum, which leads to considerable economic losses to apple production industries. Apple fruits are susceptible to mold infection owing to their high nutrient and water content, and current physical control methods can delay but cannot completely inhibit P. expansum growth. Biological control methods present promising alternatives; however, they are not always cost effective and have application restrictions. P. expansum infection not only enhances disease pathogenicity, but also inhibits the expression of host-related defense genes. The implementation of new ways to investigate and control P. expansum are expected with the advent of omics technology. Advances in these techniques, together with molecular biology approaches such as targeted gene deletion and whole genome sequencing, will lead to a better understanding of the P. expansum infectious machinery. Here, we review the progress of research on the blue mold disease caused by P. expansum in apples, including physiological and molecular infection mechanisms, as well as various methods to control this common plant pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Guillaume Legrand Ngolong Ngea
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Département de Transformation et Contrôle de Qualité des Produits Halieutique, Institut des Sciences Halieutiques, Université de Douala à Yabassi, Douala-Bassa, Cameroun
| | - Esa Abiso Godana
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Boen Lanhuang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiya Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyun Wang
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hongyin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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4
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The mechanism involved in enhancing the biological control efficacy of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa with salicylic acid to postharvest green mold decay of oranges. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00559-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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5
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Dukare AS, Singh RK, Jangra RK, Bhushan B. Non-Fungicides-Based Promising Technologies for Managing Post-Production Penicillium Induced Spoilage in Horticultural Commodities: A Comprehensive Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1727497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajinath Shridhar Dukare
- Division of Horticultural Crop Processing, ICAR- Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology (CIPHET), Abohar/Ludhiana, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- ICAR- Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology (CIPHET), Abohar/Ludhiana, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar Jangra
- Division of Horticultural Crop Processing, ICAR- Central Institute of Post Harvest Engineering and Technology (CIPHET), Abohar/Ludhiana, India
| | - Bharat Bhushan
- Plant Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, India
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Baró-Montel N, Eduardo I, Usall J, Casals C, Arús P, Teixidó N, Torres R. Exploring sources of resistance to brown rot in an interspecific almond × peach population. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:4105-4113. [PMID: 30784078 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monilinia spp. are responsible for brown rot, one of the most significant stone fruit diseases. Planting resistant cultivars seems a promising alternative, although most commercial cultivars are susceptible to brown rot. The aim of this study was to explore resistance to Monilinia fructicola over two seasons in a backcross one interspecific population between almond 'Texas' and peach 'Earlygold' (named T1E). RESULTS 'Texas' almond was resistant to brown rot inoculation, whereas peach was highly susceptible. Phenotypic data from the T1E population indicated wide differences in response to M. fructicola. Additionally, several non-wounded individuals exhibited resistance to brown rot. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified in several linkage groups, but only two proximal QTLs in G4 were detected over both seasons and accounted for 11.3-16.2% of the phenotypic variation. CONCLUSION Analysis of the progeny allowed the identification of resistant genotypes that could serve as a source of resistance in peach breeding programs. The finding of loci associated with brown rot resistance would shed light on implementing a strategy based on marker-assisted selection (MAS) for introgression of this trait into elite peach materials. New peach cultivars resistant to brown rot may contribute to the implementation of more sustainable crop protection strategies. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Baró-Montel
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Lleida, Spain
| | - Iban Eduardo
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès (Bellaterra), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Usall
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Lleida, Spain
| | - Carla Casals
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Lleida, Spain
| | - Pere Arús
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès (Bellaterra), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Teixidó
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Lleida, Spain
| | - Rosario Torres
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Lleida, Spain
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Gong D, Bi Y, Li Y, Zong Y, Han Y, Prusky D. Both Penicillium expansum and Trichothecim roseum Infections Promote the Ripening of Apples and Release Specific Volatile Compounds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:338. [PMID: 30949192 PMCID: PMC6435981 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Blue mold and core rot caused by Penicillium expansum and Trichothecium roseum are major diseases of apple fruit in China; however, their differential aggressiveness in apples and effect on fruit postharvest physiology are unclear. The effects of colonization of apples cv. Red Delicious by both pathogens were compared to physiological parameters of ripening and release of volatile compounds (VOCs). P. expansum colonization showed increased aggressiveness compared to T. roesum colonization of apple fruits. P. expansum enhanced colonization occurred with differential higher ethylene production and respiratory rate evolution, lower membrane integrity and fruit firmness in correspondence with the colonization pattern of inoculated apples. Moreover, P. expansum caused lower contents of total soluble solid and titratable acid, and higher malondialdehyde compared with T. roesum colonization. While both pathogen infections enhanced VOCs release, compared with T. roseum inoculated apples, P. expansum inoculated apple showed a higher total VOCs production including alcohols, aldehydes and esters, being the C6 alcohols, aldehydes and esters amount. PLS-DA analysis indicated that hexanoic acid was the most important factor to distinguish the inoculated fruits from the controls. Interestingly, propyl acetate and hexyl benzoate, and undecylenic acid and hexadecane were only identified in the P. expansum and T. roseum inoculated fruits, respectively. Taken together, our findings indicate that both fungi inoculations promote apple fruit ripening and release specific VOCs; moreover, apple fruits are more susceptible to P. expansum colonization than T. roesum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongcai Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ye Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dov Prusky
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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Vilanova L, López-Pérez M, Ballester AR, Teixidó N, Usall J, Lara I, Viñas I, Torres R, González-Candelas L. Differential contribution of the two major polygalacturonases from Penicillium digitatum to virulence towards citrus fruit. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 282:16-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Kumar D, Tannous J, Sionov E, Keller N, Prusky D. Apple Intrinsic Factors Modulating the Global Regulator, LaeA, the Patulin Gene Cluster and Patulin Accumulation During Fruit Colonization by Penicillium expansum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1094. [PMID: 30100914 PMCID: PMC6073165 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The mycotoxin patulin is produced in colonized tissue by Penicillium expansum during storage of apples and is significantly affected by environmental factors that contribute to its accumulation. Few reports have, however, examined the effect of natural intrinsic factors associated with the fruit on the production of patulin. Here, we find that with advancing maturity, Golden Delicious apples show increased concentrations of total soluble solids (TSS) from 14 to 17% associated with the increased expression of the global transcription factor involved in regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis in filamentous fungi, laeA expression and patulin accumulation. However, the apple cultivar Granny Smith, with similar TSS values but differing in pH levels and malic acid concentrations, showed reduced expression levels of laeA and the patulin biosynthesis gene cluster (pat genes) and patulin accumulation, suggesting a complexity of host factors contribution to patulin accumulation during P. expansum colonization. To start elucidating these apple intrinsic factors, we examined their in vitro impact on laeA and pat gene expression concomitant with patulin synthesis. Increasing sucrose concentrations from 15 to 175 mM repressed laeA and pat gene expression and patulin production. However, this affect was modified and often reversed and sometimes accentuated by changes in pH, or the addition of malic acid or the major apple phenolic compounds, chlorogenic acid and epicatechin. While the increase in malic acid from 0 to 1% increased laeA and pat gene expression, the decrease in pH from 3.5 to 2.5 reduced their expression. Also the increased laeA and pat genes expressions at increasing epicatechin concentrations from 0 to 1 mM, was reversed by increasing sucrose concentrations, all together suggesting the complexity of the interactions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Kumar
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Joanna Tannous
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Edward Sionov
- Department of Food Storage, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Nancy Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Dov Prusky
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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10
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Vilanova L, Vall-Llaura N, Torres R, Usall J, Teixidó N, Larrigaudière C, Giné-Bordonaba J. Penicillium expansum (compatible) and Penicillium digitatum (non-host) pathogen infection differentially alter ethylene biosynthesis in apple fruit. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 120:132-143. [PMID: 29028545 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The role of ethylene on inducing plant resistance or susceptibility to certain fungal pathogens clearly depends on the plant pathogen interaction with little or no-information available focused on the apple-Penicillium interaction. Taken advantage that Penicillium expansum is the compatible pathogen and P. digitatum is the non-host of apples, the present study aimed at deciphering how each Penicillium spp. could interfere in the fruit ethylene biosynthesis at the biochemical and molecular level. The infection capacity and different aspects related to the ethylene biosynthesis were conducted at different times post-inoculation. The results show that the fruit ethylene biosynthesis was differently altered during the P. expansum infection than in response to other biotic (non-host pathogen P. digitatum) or abiotic stresses (wounding). The first symptoms of the disease due to P. expansum were visible before the initiation of the fruit ethylene climacteric burst. Indeed, the ethylene climacteric burst was reduced in response to P. expansum concomitant to an important induction of MdACO3 gene expression and an inhibition (ca. 3-fold) and overexpression (ca. 2-fold) of ACO (1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase) and ACS (1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase) enzyme activities, indicating a putative role of MdACO3 in the P. expansum-apple interaction which may, in turn, be related to System-1 ethylene biosynthesis. System-1 is auto-inhibited by ethylene and is characteristic of non-climateric or pre-climacteric fruit. Accordingly, we hypothesise that P. expansum may 'manipulate' the endogenous ethylene biosynthesis in apples, leading to the circumvention or suppression of effective defences hence facilitating its colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vilanova
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Núria Vall-Llaura
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rosario Torres
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Usall
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Neus Teixidó
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Christian Larrigaudière
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Giné-Bordonaba
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Edifici Fruitcentre, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
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Sánchez-Torres P, Vilanova L, Ballester AR, López-Pérez M, Teixidó N, Viñas I, Usall J, González-Candelas L, Torres R. Unravelling the contribution of the Penicillium expansum PeSte12 transcription factor to virulence during apple fruit infection. Food Microbiol 2017; 69:123-135. [PMID: 28941893 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Blue mould disease caused by Penicillium expansum infection is one of the most important diseases of pome fruit accounting for important economic losses. In the present study, the PeSte12 transcription factor gene was identified, and deletant mutants were produced by gene replacement. Knockout mutants showed a significant decrease of virulence during apple fruit infection. Virulence was affected by the maturity stage of the fruit (immature, mature and over-mature), and disease severity was notably reduced when the apples were stored at 0 °C. The ΔPeSte12 mutants resulted defective in asexual reproduction, producing less conidia, but this characteristic did not correlate with differences in microscopic morphology. In addition, the ΔPeSte12 mutants produced higher quantity of hydrogen peroxide than the wild type strain. Gene expression analysis revealed that PeSte12 was induced over time during apple infection compared to axenic growth, particularly from 2 dpi, reinforcing its role in virulence. Analysis of transcriptional abundance of several genes in ΔPeSte12 mutants showed that in most of the evaluated genes, PeSte12 seemed to act as a negative regulator during axenic growth, as most of them exhibited an increasing expression pattern along the time period evaluated. The highest expression values corresponded to detoxification, ATPase activity, protein folding and basic metabolism. Gene expression analysis during apple infection showed that 3 out of 9 analysed genes were up regulated; thus, PeSte12 seemed to exert a positive control to particular type of aldolase. These results demonstrate the PeSte12 transcription factor could play an important role in P. expansum's virulence and asexual reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Sánchez-Torres
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Apartado Oficial, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Laura Vilanova
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Edifici Fruit centre, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ana Rosa Ballester
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), C. Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mario López-Pérez
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), C. Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Neus Teixidó
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Edifici Fruit centre, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Viñas
- Food Technology Department, Lleida University, XaRTA-Postharvest, Agrotecnio Center, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Usall
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Edifici Fruit centre, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Luis González-Candelas
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), C. Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosario Torres
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Edifici Fruit centre, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
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Zhang B, Peng X, Li G, Xu Y, Xia X, Wang Q. Oxidative stress is involved in Patulin induced apoptosis in HEK293 cells. Toxicon 2015; 94:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Louw JP, Korsten L. Pathogenicity and Host Susceptibility of Penicillium spp. on Citrus. PLANT DISEASE 2015; 99:21-30. [PMID: 30699736 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-14-0122-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Citrus fruit are exposed to numerous postharvest pathogens throughout the fresh produce supply chain. Well-known postharvest citrus fruit pathogens are Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum. Lesser-known pathogens include P. crustosum and P. expansum. This study examined pathogenicity and aggressiveness of Penicillium spp. present in fresh fruit supply chains on various Citrus spp. and cultivars. The impact of different inoculation methods and storage conditions on decay were also assessed. P. digitatum and P. italicum were the most aggressive Penicillium spp. on citrus but aggressiveness varied significantly over the evaluated citrus range. Decay and tissue-response lesions caused by P. crustosum were observed on 'Nules Clementine', 'Nova', 'Owari Satsuma', 'Delta Valencia', 'Cambria Navel', 'Eureka' seeded, and 'Star Ruby' for the first time. Likewise, these lesions caused by P. expansum were noted on Nules Clementine, Owari Satsuma, Delta Valencia, 'Midknight Valencia', and Eureka seeded for the first time. Tissue-response lesions affect fruit quality and some Penicillium spp. sporulated from the lesions, causing the inoculated species to complete their life cycle. New citrus-Penicillium spp. interactions were observed and the importance of monitoring inoculum loads of pathogens and nonhost pathogens were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Petrus Louw
- University of Pretoria, Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, New Agricultural Building, Lunnon Road, Hillcrest, 0083, South Africa
| | - Lise Korsten
- University of Pretoria, Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, New Agricultural Building, Lunnon Road, Hillcrest, 0083, South Africa
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Buron-Moles G, Wisniewski M, Viñas I, Teixidó N, Usall J, Droby S, Torres R. Characterizing the proteome and oxi-proteome of apple in response to a host (Penicillium expansum) and a non-host (Penicillium digitatum) pathogen. J Proteomics 2014; 114:136-51. [PMID: 25464364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Apples are subjected to both abiotic and biotic stresses during the postharvest period, which lead to large economic losses worldwide. To obtain biochemical insights into apple defense response, we monitored the protein abundance changes (proteome), as well as the protein carbonyls (oxi-proteome) formed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in 'Golden Smoothee' apple in response to wounding, Penicillium expansum (host) and Penicillium digitatum (non-host) pathogens with select transcriptional studies. To examine the biological relevance of the results, we described quantitative and oxidative protein changes into the gene ontology functional categories, as well as into de KEGG pathways. We identified 26 proteins that differentially changed in abundance in response to wounding, P. expansum or P. digitatum infection. While these changes showed some similarities between the apple responses and abiotic and biotic stresses, Mal d 1.03A case, other proteins as Mal d 1.03E and EF-Tu were specifically induced in response to P. digitatum infection. Using a protein carbonyl detection method based on fluorescent Bodipy, we detected and identified 27 oxidized proteins as sensitive ROS targets. These ROS target proteins were related to metabolism processes, suggesting that this process plays a leading role in apple fruit defense response against abiotic and biotic stresses. ACC oxidase and two glutamine synthetases showed the highest protein oxidation level in response to P. digitatum infection. Documenting changes in the proteome and, specifically in oxi-proteome of apple can provide information that can be used to better understand how impaired protein functions may affect apple defense mechanisms. Possible mechanisms by which these modified proteins are involved in fruit defense response are discussed. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Mechanical damage in apple fruits is linked annually to large economic losses due to opportunistic infection by postharvest pathogens, such as P. expansum. Despite the current use of chemical fungicides and the implementation of new alternative strategies, blue mold remains a critical disease of these stored fruits worldwide. Actual trends are focused on acquiring the knowledge of the host-pathogen interactions because it may help on finding new rational and environmentally friendly control alternatives. Despite the economic importance of some postharvest diseases, proteomics has only been applied in a few cases to study fruit-pathogen interactions. On the one hand, this is the first study that monitored changes at the proteome and oxi-proteome level in 'Golden Smoothee' apple fruits in response to P. expansum (compatible) and P. digitatum (non-host) pathogens. On the other hand, the main technological innovation of the reported research is the detection and quantification of oxidized (carbonylated) proteins to assess protein oxidative damage, avoiding the immunoblotting technique. The importance of the biological process investigated lies in the different mechanisms induced in fruit in response to P. expansum and P. digitatum. Results revealed that fruit recognizes and reacts to P. expansum in a similar manner to wounding, while its response to P. digitatum exhibits few differences in the protein profile. Documenting changes in the proteome and, specifically in oxi-proteome of apple can provide information that can be used to better understand how impaired protein functions may affect apple defense mechanisms. It also provides new biomarkers for oxidative damage mainly caused by the oxidative response occurring in fruit tissue in response to a host and a non-host pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Buron-Moles
- Food Technology Department, Lleida University, XaRTA-Postharvest, Agrotecnio Center, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Michael Wisniewski
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Wiltshire Road 2217, 25430 Kearneysville, WV, USA
| | - Inmaculada Viñas
- Food Technology Department, Lleida University, XaRTA-Postharvest, Agrotecnio Center, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Neus Teixidó
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Usall
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Samir Droby
- Department of Postharvest Science, ARO, The Volcani Center, PO Box 6, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Rosario Torres
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
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Vilanova L, Viñas I, Torres R, Usall J, Buron-Moles G, Teixidó N. Acidification of apple and orange hosts by Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium expansum. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 178:39-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Abstract
Numerous Penicillium spp. have been associated with postharvest fruit spoilage. This study investigates pathogenicity and aggressiveness of selected Penicillium spp. previously isolated from South African and European Union fruit export chains. Penicillium expansum was the most aggressive and P. crustosum the second most aggressive on all apple cultivars ('Royal Gala', 'Granny Smith', 'Golden Delicious', 'Topred', and 'Cripps Pink') and two pear cultivars ('Packham's Triumph' and 'Forelle') tested. P. digitatum was the most aggressive on 'Beurre Bosc', 'Beurre Hardy', and 'Sempre' ('Rosemarie') pear cultivars and the third most aggressive on Granny Smith and Cripps Pink apple cultivars. To our knowledge, this is the first report where P. digitatum has been described as aggressive on certain pome fruit cultivars. These pear cultivars are also the most commonly associated with decay on the export markets, resulting in considerable end-market losses. P. brevicompactum was detected as pathogenic on pear but was not further evaluated in the study. P. solitum covered a broader cultivar range, expressed higher disease incidence, and was more aggressive (larger lesions) on pear cultivars than on apple cultivars. This study provides new information on host specificity and the importance of pathogenic Penicillium spp. isolated from various environments in the shipping and marketing channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Petrus Louw
- University of Pretoria, Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, New Agricultural Building, Lunnon Road, Hillcrest, 0083, South Africa
| | - Lise Korsten
- University of Pretoria, Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, New Agricultural Building, Lunnon Road, Hillcrest, 0083, South Africa
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Buron-Moles G, López-Pérez M, González-Candelas L, Viñas I, Teixidó N, Usall J, Torres R. Use of GFP-tagged strains of Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium expansum to study host-pathogen interactions in oranges and apples. Int J Food Microbiol 2012. [PMID: 23177056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium expansum are responsible for green and blue molds in citrus and pome fruits, respectively, which result in major monetary losses worldwide. In order to study their infection process in fruits, we successfully introduced a green fluorescent protein (GFP) encoding gene into wild type P. digitatum and P. expansum isolates, using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT), with hygromycin B resistance as the selectable marker. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the transformation of these two important postharvest pathogens with GFP and the use of transformed strains to study compatible and non-host pathogen interactions. Transformation did not affect the pathogenicity or the ecophysiology of either species compared to their respective wild type strains. The GFP-tagged strains were used for in situ analysis of compatible and non-host pathogen interactions on oranges and apples. Knowledge of the infection process of apples and oranges by these pathogens will facilitate the design of novel strategies to control these postharvest diseases and the use of the GFP-tagged strains will help to determine the response of P. digitatum and P. expansum on/in plant surface and tissues to different postharvest treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Buron-Moles
- University of Lleida, XaRTA-Postharvest, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
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