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Ghelichkhani F, Behboodi Moghadam Z, Zareiyan A, Namazi M. Extended postpartum intimate partner violence and its associated factors among Iranian women: Community-based cross-sectional study design. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024. [PMID: 39254370 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of different types of intimate partner violence (IPV) and factors associated with it during the postpartum period. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 428 women were enrolled from 10 health centers in the south of Tehran, Iran, between April 2023 and October 2023. We used a sociodemographic questionnaire, Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2), the short form of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) for data collection. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to determine demographic and psychological predictors of IPV after childbirth. RESULTS Approximately two-thirds of women (n=285, 66.6%) experienced IPV within 1 year of childbirth. Psychological aggression (n= 276, 64.5%) was the most common type of IPV, whereas injury (n=96, 22.4%) was the least common. Additionally, one in three women experienced physical assault (n= 134, 31.3%), and over one-third experienced sexual coercion (n= 152, 35.5%). Predictor factors of IPV during the postpartum period were: insufficient family income (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24-15.28), husband's smoking (aOR 3.17, 95% CI 1.70-5.92), history of IPV in pregnancy (aOR 2.44, 95% CI 1.33-4.50), number of children (aOR 3.02, 95% CI 1.79-5.10), and depression (aOR 1.2, 95% CI 1.08-1.14). On the other hand, protective factors of IPV during the postpartum period were: longer marriage duration (aOR 0.85, 95% CI 0.77-0.93) and greater resilience (aOR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90-0.99). CONCLUSION IPV is prevalent 1 year after childbirth. Healthcare providers should implement a thorough screening program to identify risk and protective factors related to postpartum IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ghelichkhani
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Midwifery, Imam Sajad Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Behboodi Moghadam
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Zareiyan
- Department of Public Health, School of Nursing, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Namazi
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ghelichkhani F, Behboodi Moghadam Z, Zareiyan A, Namazi M. Intimate partner violence after childbirth: an explanatory sequential mixed-methods study protocol. Reprod Health 2024; 21:84. [PMID: 38862986 PMCID: PMC11165815 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-024-01825-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the most common form of violence against women. Postpartum IPV refers to any type of IPV that occurs up to one year after childbirth and has many adverse impacts on mothers and their children. Considering the lack of sufficient information on the prevalence and factors related to IPV after childbirth in Iran, this study aimed to evaluate the frequency and severity of IPV, its different forms, and psychosocial factors related to IPV, as well as to explore how IPV is perceived among mothers one year after childbirth. METHODS An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was used to conduct this study in two phases. The first phase is a cross-sectional study that will be performed on postpartum mothers who have a one-year-old child referred to health care centers in the southern region of Tehran, Iran, with the aim of determining the prevalence of IPV and its related factors. The second phase is a qualitative conventional content analysis study with the purpose of exploring women's experiences and perceptions of IPV and its preventive or protective factors. Purposive sampling will be used. Based on the results of the quantitative phase, mothers who are at the two ends of the IPV spectrum (based on their total Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-2) scores) will be selected, and in-depth and semistructured interviews will be conducted with them. Finally, the researchers will provide an interpretation of the quantitative results using qualitative data. DISCUSSION This is the first study that uses a mixed methods approach to explain different dimensions of IPV, its related factors, and mothers' perceptions of it. By providing a better understanding of this phenomenon, it is hoped that the results of this research will be used by policymakers and officials of educational and cultural systems to plan and provide effective interventions, enact laws, and present educational and cultural programs to prevent IPV after childbirth. ETHICAL CODE IR.TUMS.FNM.REC1400.200.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ghelichkhani
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Behboodi Moghadam
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armin Zareiyan
- Department of Public Health, School of Nursing, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Namazi
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mikaeili N, Eyni S, Mousavi SE, Ebadi M. Mediating role of relational aggression in the association between infertility stigma and marital relationship distress in infertile women. Women Health 2023; 63:756-765. [PMID: 37822291 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2023.2265497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Infertility is a multifaceted problem that can cause significant impairments with emotional, social, and psychological consequences, including problems in the marital relationship. This study aimed to mediate the role of relational aggression in the association between infertility stigma and marital relationship distress in infertile women. The research method was descriptive and path analysis. The statistical population of the study consisted of all infertile women who were referred to infertility centers and obstetrics and gynecology medical centers in Tehran in 2021 (July to October), and due to lack of full access to them, 300 people were selected by available sampling method who participated in the research through an online questionnaire. Data were collected using the Marital Self-Reporting Questionnaire, Infertility Stigma, and Relational Aggression Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that the causal model of the relationship between infertility stigma, relational aggression, and marital relationship distress in infertile women was confirmed based on different fitting indices. Infertility stigma and associated aggression directly affect the marital turmoil of infertile women. On the other hand, infertility stigma indirectly affects infertile women's marital distress through relational aggression (P < .05). Therefore, the infertility stigma and relational aggression play an important role in marital distress in infertile women, and targeting these two components in psychological therapies can effectively reduce marital chaos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Mikaeili
- Department of Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Sanaz Eyni
- Department of Psychology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Seyede Elham Mousavi
- Department of Educational Science, Psychological Counseling and Guidance Branch, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Matine Ebadi
- Department of Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
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Gharacheh M, Sadeghi T, Mirghafourvand M, Montazeri S, Jahanfar S, Ranjbar F. Domestic violence against Iranian women during the Covid-19 lockdown: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1627. [PMID: 37829503 PMCID: PMC10565101 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Despite the fact that public health measures such as social isolation can help control the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic, these procedures may contribute to elevated levels of stress and escalate various forms of violence against women. The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of domestic violence and identify factors associated with domestic violence during the Covid-19 lockdown among married women attending healthcare centers in Iran. Methods This cross-sectional study, conducted between 2020 and 2021, focused on a sample of 5317 married women who sought healthcare services within urban centers across five major cities in Iran. Sampling was done through a multistage cluster method. The Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2) were used to assess levels of violence. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including independent sample t-test, Chi-square, and multiple logistic regression) with the SPSS software version 22. Results During the Covid-19 lockdown, psychological violence was reported by 66.7% of women (95% confidence interval [CI], 65.44%-67.98%), physical violence by 44.8% (95% CI, 43.43%-46.10%), sexual violence by 28.8% (95% CI, 27.60%-30.03%), and injury by 24.5% (95% CI, 23.39%-25.70%). The multiple logistic regression showed several significant factors associated with domestic violence. These included low levels of social support (p < 0.001), shorter duration of marriage (p < 0.001), unemployment of both women (p < 0.007) and their spouses (p < 0.001), poor economic status (p < 0.001), as well as substance abuse by the husband, including alcohol (p < 0.001) and drug abuse (p < 0.01), and smoking (p < 0.01). Conclusion The findings highlighted the magnitude of domestic violence against women during the Covid-19 lockdown. It is crucial to implement comprehensive strategies that encompass preventive and responsive measures to address domestic violence not only during lockdowns but also in the post-lockdown period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Gharacheh
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research CenterIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Tahereh Sadeghi
- Nursing and Midwifery SchoolMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Mojgan Mirghafourvand
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Nursing and Midwifery SchoolTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Simin Montazeri
- Department of Midwifery, Reproductive Health Promotion Research Center, School of Nursing and MidwiferyAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Shayesteh Jahanfar
- Department of Public Health and Community MedicineTufts University School of MedicineBostonUSA
| | - Fahimeh Ranjbar
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research CenterIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Kisa S, Gungor R, Kisa A. Domestic Violence Against Women in North African and Middle Eastern Countries: A Scoping Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:549-575. [PMID: 34350792 PMCID: PMC10009496 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211036070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This scoping review aimed to identify the scope of the current literature on the prevalence, consequences, and risk factors of domestic violence (DV) against women by their husbands or male partners in North African and Middle Eastern countries. The methodology for this scoping review was based on the framework outlined by Arksey and O'Malley. Studies published on DV against women over the age of 15 by partner or husband and published in peer-reviewed scientific journals between January 1970 and April 2018 were included in the review. The databases MEDLINE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, HealthSTAR, EMBASE, Scopus, African Journals Online, Turkish Journal Database, and gray literature sources were searched. On completion of the review process, 151 full-text articles were identified for charting. This review demonstrated that women's age, women's education level, duration of marriage, history of childhood abuse/witnessing family violence, living in the rural region, and family income level were negatively associated with DV, indicating that younger women, women with lower education, a longer marriage duration, and a lower income level had a higher risk of exposure to DV in this region. Anxiety, depression/insomnia, and physical injury were the most common health problems reported by victims in the region. The highest proportion of women with no response to violence was reported in Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey. The findings of this scoping review represent the first attempt to summarize the literature from North African and Middle Eastern countries and demonstrate the similarity in DV-related behaviors among women despite the cultural and regional diversity of the studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezer Kisa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Health
Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway
- Sezer, Kisa, Department of Nursing and
Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University,
Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Adnan Kisa
- School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo,
Norway
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Manouchehri E, Ghavami V, Larki M, Saeidi M, Latifnejad Roudsari R. Domestic violence experienced by women with multiple sclerosis: a study from the North-East of Iran. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:321. [PMID: 35909119 PMCID: PMC9339184 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Violence against women is a significant health and legal problem and has been declared as a health priority by the World Health Organization. The most common type of violence against women is domestic violence, more prevalent against women with disabilities than other women. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating neurological disease and has experienced sudden growth in Iran. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of domestic violence and its various types (psychological, economic, physical, and sexual) experienced by women with MS. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 275 married women with MS were selected using convenience sampling. After obtaining informed consent and reviewing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the Domestic Violence against Women Questionnaire developed by Mohseni Tabrizi et al. was completed by the participants on a self-report basis. The results were analyzed using SPSS software version 16. To analyze data, statistical tests including chi-square and Fisher exact tests for univariate analysis and logistic regression, were employed. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 37.12 ± 8.48 years. Domestic violence in different forms of psychological, economic, physical, and sexual violence was present in 53.1%, 63%, 33.6%, and 20.4% of participants, respectively. Economic violence (33.8%) was the highest, and sexual violence (5.1%) was the lowest rate of severe violence among participants. There was a significant relationship between the overall rate of domestic violence and the variables including income (P = 0.013), spouse's income (P = 0.001), participant's job (P = 0.036) and participant's education (P = 0.001). In logistic regression, the overall rate of domestic violence was higher in participants with education less than a diploma than in participants with a diploma (P = 0.014) and participants with a university education (P = 0.016). CONCLUSION According to the results, providing opportunities such as promoting the social status of women, fulfilling the rights of women with disabilities and debilitating diseases such as MS in society is recommended. Additionally, educating men about the negative impact of domestic violence on the current and future status of the family seems necessary. Providing counseling facilities on various forms of violence, especially domestic violence, for women with MS, is also recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Manouchehri
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Ghavami
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mona Larki
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Morteza Saeidi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Robab Latifnejad Roudsari
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Wang Y, Fu Y, Ghazi P, Gao Q, Tian T, Kong F, Zhan S, Liu C, Bloom DE, Qiao J. Prevalence of intimate partner violence against infertile women in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health 2022; 10:e820-e830. [PMID: 35561719 PMCID: PMC9115867 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(22)00098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertility and intimate partner violence (IPV) are of serious concern globally, yet the prevalence of IPV against infertile women has not been quantified at the regional or global level. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of IPV against infertile women and its variation in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS We did a systematic literature search of 11 databases for articles published between database inception and Sept 30, 2021, and performed meta-analyses to estimate the pooled prevalence and 95% CI of IPV against infertile women in LMICs. We used subgroup analyses and meta-regressions to explore variation in the prevalence by study period (2010 and before vs after 2010), study region (Africa, west Asia, south Asia, and east Asia), type of infertility (primary or secondary), risk of bias (high, moderate, or low), sample size (continuous variable), and measuring tools (the modified Abuse Assessment Screen, the WHO Violence Against Women instrument, or the revised Conflict Tactics Scales). This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021248448. FINDINGS Of 2661 references identified (2637 via database searches and 24 via secondary searches), 120 full-text articles were reviewed, and we identified 30 relevant studies conducted in nine LMICs between 2000 and 2019. 25 studies met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis, with a total sample size of 7164 participants. The 12-month prevalence of IPV among infertile women was 36·0% (95% CI 20·4-55·2), compared with a lifetime prevalence of 47·2% (31·7-63·3). The most common type of IPV was psychological violence, with a prevalence of 24·6% (11·3-45·6) over 12 months and 51·5% (38·8-64·0) over a lifetime (slightly higher than the pooled overall rate due to different data sources), respectively; followed by physical violence (11·9% [5·2-25·1] and 20·2% [12·1-31·7]); sexual violence (8·7% [2·6-25·0] and 11·5% [6·1-20·7]); and economic coercion (2·6% [0·4-13·7] and 9·8% [5·7-16·5]). Significant variations of lifetime prevalence estimates were presented by study period (R2=39·46%), region (R2=50·95%), and measuring tools (R2=54·27%). INTERPRETATION A high prevalence of IPV against infertile women is evident despite heterogeneity across studies. IPV screening, counselling, and structural interventions should be tailored to address this urgent issue at multiple levels of society. FUNDING China Medical Board and WHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Fu
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - Parastou Ghazi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - Qin Gao
- Health Science Library, Peking University, Beijing China
| | - Tian Tian
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Kong
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Siyan Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chaojie Liu
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David E Bloom
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA.
| | - Jie Qiao
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Soomar SM, Soomar SM. Determinants of domestic violence among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in Quetta, Balochistan-a mixed-method protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057299. [PMID: 35577475 PMCID: PMC9114969 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, domestic violence (DV) is a cause of death and disability among women aged 15-49 years. In Pakistan, DV appears in different forms, and only 3.2% of women report any DV. There are various factors associated with DV against women. The data are sparse for the Balochistan province due to the under-reporting and scattered population. This research study aims to determine the factors associated with DV and the types of violence among women of reproductive age. Also, to understand the perspective of community leaders and healthcare workers (HCWs) for developing interventions for DV prevention against women of reproductive age in Quetta Balochistan. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A sequential explanatory mixed-method (quantitative study followed by qualitative) study design will be used to fulfil the study's objectives. Women of reproductive age (15-49 years), both married and unmarried, local residents, community leaders and community HCWs of Quetta Balochistan, will be made part of the study. A structured questionnaire will be used as the quantitative tool. Focus group discussions will be conducted using a semistructured guide for the qualitative data collection. The multivariable logistic regression analysis will be performed for the quantitative part. P value ≤0.05 will be considered significant. In the qualitative part, data will be transcribed, and recurrent themes/subthemes will be developed to understand the perspective and opinion regarding DV prevention. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical Approval was taken from Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. Informed written consent will be obtained from all participants. The article will be published after data collection and analysis in the journal to disseminate the results.
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Akalewold M, Yohannes GW, Abdo ZA, Hailu Y, Negesse A. Magnitude of infertility and associated factors among women attending selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:11. [PMID: 35012515 PMCID: PMC8751301 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The World Health Organization estimated that approximately 48 million couples and 186 million people are infertile worldwide. Although the problem of infertility is increasing worldwide, as well as in Ethiopia, there are limited studies done. Therefore, this study aims to determine the magnitude of infertility and the major risk factors in three governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHOD An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was used to conduct the study. The participants were selected by using a systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected through an interview using a structured questionnaire. The data were entered into Epi Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Logistic regression was used to identify the predictor variables. Statistical significance was considered at a P < 0.05 with an adjusted odds ratio calculated at 95% CI. RESULT The overall prevalence of infertility was 27.6% (95%CI = 23.2, 32.0). Of these, 14.4% had primary infertility, and 13.2% had secondary infertility. Those whose duration of marriage was less than 60 months [AOR = 3.85; 95%CI 1.39, 10.64], had a history of fallopian tube obstructions [AOR = 8.27; 95%CI 2.36, 28.91], had irregular frequency of coitus [AOR = 37.4; 95%CI 11.29, 124.114], had more than one sex partner [AOR = 3.51; 95%CI 1.64, 7.54], had an abortion greater than 3 times [AOR = 6.89; 95%CI 1.28, 37.09], and had partners who currently consumed alcohol [AOR = 1.31; 95%CI 1.11, 1.86] were more likely to be infertile than their counterparts. CONCLUSION According to the results of this study, the prevalence of infertility was high compared to the global estimate of the World Health Organization. The government, health care providers, and researchers should emphasize developing appropriate strategies, research, education, and awareness creation of infertility and its potential causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekdes Akalewold
- Department of Public Relation and Communication, Ethiopian Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Getachew W Yohannes
- Department of Public Health, Yekatit 12 Hospital and Medical Colleges, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ziyad Ahmed Abdo
- Department of Hygiene and Environmental Health, Ethiopian Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Yonas Hailu
- Department of Health Extension Program and Primary Health Care, Ethiopian Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Aynye Negesse
- Department of Public Relation and Communication, Ethiopian Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Social Determinants of Violence on Pregnant Women against Their Husbands. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND COMMUNITY HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/jech.8.3.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Dinmohammadi S, Dadashi M, Ahmadnia E, Janani L, Kharaghani R. The effect of solution-focused counseling on violence rate and quality of life of pregnant women at risk of domestic violence: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:221. [PMID: 33743632 PMCID: PMC7981895 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03674-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Domestic violence during pregnancy as one of the most common social problems and major challenges of health systems can affect the health of the mother and fetus. The study aimed to compare the two groups of intervention based on solution-focused counseling and control in terms of violence and quality of life amounts in women who had experienced domestic violence. METHODS A randomized controlled trial on 90 pregnant women was blocked into two intervention groups (n = 45) and a control (n = 45). The intervention group received six counseling sessions with a solution-focused approach. Study tool included conflict tactics scale (CTS- 2) and short form health survey (SF-36). The tools were completed once before the intervention and again 6 weeks after the end of the counseling sessions by the participants of both groups. The P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 82/90 pregnant women were analyzed. The results showed that median and interquartile range (IQR) of physical, psychological and sexual violence significantly decreased in the intervention group than the control group (Ps = 0.001). Moreover, quality of life scores significantly improved in the intervention group compared to the control group (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Solution-focused counseling could be an effective approach to reduce the amount of violence and increase the quality of life in women exposed to domestic violence. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT2017040628352N4 . Date of registration: August 20th 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Dinmohammadi
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Dadashi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Elahe Ahmadnia
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Leila Janani
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghieh Kharaghani
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Ghoneim HM, Taha OT, Ibrahim ZM, Ahmed AA. Violence and sexual dysfunction among infertile Egyptian women. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:1572-1578. [PMID: 33530133 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate domestic violence and sexual dysfunction in infertile women. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited women complaining of infertility (primary or secondary infertility). A control group of fertile women attending the outpatient clinic for any concern was recruited. Domestic violence was evaluated using the Arabic validated NorVold Domestic Abuse Questionnaire (NORAQ). Female sexual function was evaluated using the Arabic validated female sexual function index. RESULTS There was no significant difference between both groups in rates of exposure to violence (p-value 0.830). Primary infertility was a significant contributing factor in infertile women's exposure to violence (p-value 0.001). All the studied population had female sexual dysfunction, with more dysfunction was reported by the infertile women (total score 18.87 ± 5.92, 19.51 ± 5.42, p-value 0.072). They differed significantly in arousal (2.83 ± 1.33, 3.13 ± 1.29, p-value 0.001) and satisfaction (3.98 ± 1.27, 4.28 ± 1.28, p-value 0.003) which were impaired in infertile women. CONCLUSIONS The recruited infertile women were exposed to violence. Emotional abuse was the most common reported type of violence. Sexual dysfunction was reported in the entire studied population with no significant difference relating to fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan M Ghoneim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Omima T Taha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Zakia M Ibrahim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Amal A Ahmed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Nikparvar F, Stith S, Myers-Bowman K, Akbarzadeh M, Daneshpour M. Theorizing the Process of Leaving a Violent Marriage and Getting a Divorce in Tehran. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP1285-1308NP. [PMID: 29295022 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517746184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study utilized qualitative methods to develop a theory regarding the process used by Tehranian women who leave violent marriages to get a divorce. Findings from semistructured, in-depth interviews with nine women in Tehran who left their abusive husbands suggested that there are six stages in this process: "denial," "using cognitive and internal strategies to save marriage," "using behavioral and external strategies to save marriage," "seeking power to end violence," "preparation to leave marriage," and "termination" stage. The implications of this study help therapists working with women in Tehran who are living in violent marriages and provide effective prevention and intervention services that are appropriately targeted to the specific needs of Iranian women.
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Shahbazi A, Behboodi Moghadam Z, Maasoumi R, Saffari M, Mohammadi S, Montazeri A. Effect of a Health-Education Program Based on the BASNEF Model of Overall Sexual Health Satisfaction and Satisfaction with Quality of Sexual Relationship among Women with Infertility. Int J Womens Health 2020; 12:975-982. [PMID: 33177888 PMCID: PMC7651995 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s248734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Female infertility is increasing in Iran, encompassing all dimensions of women's lives. One of the most important effects of infertility is on sexual function. All women have the right to sexual health. Using educational models, one can see a positive effect on women's sexual function. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of an education program based on the beliefs, attitudes, subjective norms, and enabling factors (BASNEF) model on promoting overall sexual health satisfaction and satisfaction with the quality of sexual relationships among women with infertility. Methods This was a quasiexperimental study conducted on 80 infertile women referred to an infertility center affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences, in Tehran, Iran in 2016-2017. Infertile women with primary infertility were divided into experimental and control groups based on odd and even days. The intervention was carried out based on the BASNEF model over four sessions. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the BASNEF questionnaire, and items on overall sexual health satisfaction and satisfaction with their sexual relationship. The questionnaires were completed before and 4 and 8 weeks after the intervention in the two groups. Friedman, χ2, and t-tests were used for data analysis. Results After the educational intervention, BASNEF values and overall sexual function and satisfaction with the quality of sexual relationships had significantly improved in the experimental group (p<0.05), while changes were not significant in the control group. Conclusion The results showed that the BASNEF model-based educational invention improved overall sexual health and satisfaction among intertitle women. Indeed, it seems that using theory-based educational interventions in infertility centers might be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azade Shahbazi
- Reproductive Health Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Behboodi Moghadam
- Reproductive Health Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raziyeh Maasoumi
- Reproductive Health Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Saffari
- Health Research Centre, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Reproductive Health Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Montazeri
- Population Health Research Group, Health Metrics Research Center, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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El-Gazzar AF, Aziz MM, Mohammed HM, Elgibaly O, Darwish MM. Spousal violence and its determinants among married adolescent girls in Upper Egypt. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2020; 95:28. [PMID: 33048252 PMCID: PMC7554290 DOI: 10.1186/s42506-020-00057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Egypt, many girls are still married before the age of 18, which is a fundamental violation of the girls' human rights. Early marriage is associated with an alarmingly elevated risk of all types of intimate partner violence that have various negative consequences. The purpose of this study was to identify the predictors of exposure to spousal violence among the early married girls in rural Upper Egypt. METHODS A household survey was carried out and covered 23 villages in Assiut and Sohag governorates reaching to a sample of 729 married girls before the age of 20. Listing and enumeration of 4 districts was done to identify the study participants. Data was collected by personal interviews using a structured questionnaire. Bivariate and stepwise regression analyses were performed to identify the predictors of exposure to spousal violence. RESULTS It was found that 15.2% of the study participants were exposed to physical violence while 17.8% were exposed to sexual violence and 7.3% were exposed to both types. Girls married before the age of 18 were more exposed to spousal violence. Stepwise regression analysis found that girls' acceptance to get married was a protective factor against exposure to physical (β = - 1.07, OR 0.34) and sexual (β = - 0.68, OR 0.51) violence. The perceived attitude of husbands and mothers-in-law about considering wife beating "a husband's right" was found to be a risk factor of exposure to physical and sexual violence. Longer duration till the first pregnancy was also associated with more exposure to sexual violence (β = 0.04, OR 1.04). CONCLUSION Married adolescent girls (MAGs) are highly exposed to physical and sexual violence. This is mainly due to ignoring girls' preference to postpone their marriage, cultural concepts of accepting violence against women, and low sexual satisfaction. This study shows that most determinants of spousal violence were related to culture issues. Identifying these determinants is required to combat such a crucial public health problem that has serious consequences on adolescent health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira F. El-Gazzar
- Public Health & Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515 Arab Republic of Egypt
| | - Mirette M. Aziz
- Public Health & Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515 Arab Republic of Egypt
| | - Heba M. Mohammed
- Public Health & Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515 Arab Republic of Egypt
| | - Omaima Elgibaly
- Public Health & Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515 Arab Republic of Egypt
| | - Manal M. Darwish
- Public Health & Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515 Arab Republic of Egypt
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Silwal A, Thapa B. Prevalence of Domestic Violence among Infertile Women attending Subfertility Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2020; 58:372-376. [PMID: 32788751 PMCID: PMC7580360 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.4886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Millions of couples suffered from Infertility worldwide. Infertility can cause intense emotional pain in women resulting in stress, anxiety and depression. Domestic violence in infertile women can further results in poor health status and lowers the quality of life. The objective of this study is to find out the prevalence of domestic violence among infertile women attending subfertility clinic of tertiary hospital. METHODS This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among infertile women in a tertiary hospital from July to August 2018 after taking ethical approval. Convenient sampling was used. Face to face interview was conducted using a structured interview schedule. Data analysis was done in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage) were used to analyze the data. Point estimate at 95% CI was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. RESULTS Domestic violence was found among 62 (55.35%) women at 95% Confidence Interval (46.15-64.55). The emotional violence accounted for 57 (50.89%), physical violence for 19 (16.96%) and sexual violence for 18 (16.07%). The prevalence of domestic violence was more 22 (61.11%) in women with secondary infertility than in women with primary infertility 40 (52.63%). The main perpetrators of domestic violence were family members 28 (45.16%). CONCLUSIONS The study concluded that women experiencing infertility are exposed to various forms of domestic violence, emotional one being most common. Routine screening for domestic violence in infertility clinics is necessary to give affected women an opportunity to access appropriate health care and support services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajita Silwal
- Bir Hospital Nursing Campus, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Bandana Thapa
- Bir Hospital Nursing Campus, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal.
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Öztürk R, Bloom TL, Li Y, Bullock LFC. Stress, stigma, violence experiences and social support of US infertile women. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2020; 39:205-217. [PMID: 32338526 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2020.1754373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Previous studies investigated the physical, psychological and sociological effects of infertility; however, stigma and violence experiences of infertile women haven't yet been studied in the US. The objective of the study is to examine the perceived stress, stigma, violence experiences, and social support of US infertile women and to compare with fertile women in order to understand the effects of infertility on stress levels, violence exposures, and support. Methods: The descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with fertile and infertile women who use social media for an online support group. A convenience sample of 786 women completed an online survey. Results: In the study, 41.6% of participants were fertile and 58.4% were infertile. We found infertile women experienced high levels of stigma and moderate stress. One in five infertile women has been exposed to emotional or physical violence. Compared to fertile women, infertile women had significantly higher perceived stress levels and were less likely to experience emotional or physical violence. Conclusion: These findings highlight that infertile women have experienced stigma and high levels of stress in a developed country. They are also exposed to emotional or physical violence, but surprisingly infertile women are less likely to report violence than fertile women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tina L Bloom
- Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Linda F C Bullock
- Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO, USA
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Zarif Golbar Yazdi H, Aghamohammadian Sharbaf H, Kareshki H, Amirian M. Psychosocial Consequences of Female Infertility in Iran: A Meta-Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:518961. [PMID: 33250787 PMCID: PMC7674496 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.518961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although not a life-threatening condition, infertility does influence various aspects of life. Based on a meta-analysis of the relevant literature, the aim of this study is to identify the psychosocial consequences of infertility in Iranian women. Methods: Comprehensive Portal of Human Sciences, Magiran, Scientific Information Database, Noormags, MEDLIB, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Medline, and ProQuest were the databases searched from inception (1999) to 2018. To maximize the comprehensiveness of the search, the reference lists of all the relevant papers identified were manually examined. The evaluation of the content was based on PRISMA guidelines, and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software was used for data analysis. Results: Based on the analysis of 124 quantitative papers, the psychosocial consequences of infertility in women in Iran can be classified into 14 categories: psychological well-being (effect size = 3.10), adaptation to infertility (effect size = 2.71), quality of life (effect size = 1.83), depression (effect size = 1.80), anxiety (effect size = 1.72), marital relationships (effect size = 1.37), personality disorders (effect size = 1.37), violence (effect size = 1.31), social support (effect size = 0.90), self-efficacy (effect size = 0.90), coping strategies (effect size = 0.84), irrational thoughts (effect size = 0.77), somatization disorders (effect size = 0.65), and sexual dysfunction (effect size = 0.55). Conclusion: Considering the wide-ranging psychosocial consequences of infertility in women, it is necessary for treatment to account for psychological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hossein Kareshki
- Department of Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Malihe Amirian
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynecology, Milad (Mashhad) Infertility Center, Mashhad, Iran
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Afkhamzadeh A, Azadi NA, Ziaeei S, Mohamadi-Bolbanabad A. Domestic violence against women in west of Iran: the prevalence and related factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN HEALTHCARE 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/ijhrh-12-2018-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine the prevalence of domestic violence against women and its related factors in Sanandaj, west of Iran.
Design/methodology/approach
This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2016. The sample consisted of 360 women who referred to two educational hospitals in Sanandaj. The data collection tool was a self-report questionnaire. A multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the risk factors of domestic violence against women.
Findings
The prevalence of “any form of violence” in the past year was 71 percent (n=245). The prevalence of emotional, sexual and physical violence was 62.2 percent (n=225), 48.7 percent (n=168) and 49.9 percent (n=172), respectively. Multivariate logistic regressions revealed that the “any form of violence” has significant association with occupation of women, economic status of family and the status of sexual satisfaction of couples.
Originality/value
The prevalence of domestic violence against women is high and alarming in Sanandaj, Iran. Given the relationship between experience of violence and sexual dissatisfaction, sexual education before and after marriage is recommended for couples. Also, the experience of exposure to violence in women can be included in health centers as screening programs. In this way, couples who have risk factors will receive the educational programs.
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Alijani F, Khosravi A, Mousavi MS, Delarosa V. The Associated Factors of Domestic Violence against Infertile Women. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT IN NURSING AND MIDWIFERY 2019. [DOI: 10.29252/jgbfnm.16.2.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Lotfy M, Hamdy MA, Mansour AFI, Gharib WF, Ghoneim HM, Abbas AM, Sayed Ahmed WA, Ibrahim ZM. Prevalence and risk factors for domestic violence among infertile Egyptian women: a cross-sectional study. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2019; 24:362-367. [PMID: 31335224 DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2019.1642467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Domestic violence (DV) is an important social and public health problem affecting women globally. This study aims to assess the prevalence and risk factors of DV among infertile Egyptian women. Patients and methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study included infertile women attending the outpatient gynaecological clinic in a tertiary University hospital was carried out between September 2017 and October 2018. After obtaining ethical approval, 304 infertile women were enrolled in the study and investigated using an interview questionnaire of Infertile Women's Exposure to Violence Determination Scale (IWEVDS). The questionnaire was examined for accuracy after translation into the Arabic language. Results: The infertile women's reported DV resulted in an average total score on the IWEVDS of 73 ± 17. The top three domains with the highest scales were DV, punishment and exposure to traditional practices domains with scale 20.84 ± 7.67, 18.25 ± 4.15 and 14.63 ± 3.18 points, respectively. Using Multivariable linear regression analysis, we found that the best-fitting predictors for this scale were the wife's age (p = .001), residency (p = .033), previous intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) (p = .016), divorce threatens (p = .022) and fear from husband (p = .026). Conclusions: Infertile Egyptian women are at an increased risk of DV. The most common forms of DV are psychological violence and verbal abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Lotfy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Hamdy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
| | | | - Waleed F Gharib
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
| | - Hanan M Ghoneim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abbas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
| | - Waleed Ali Sayed Ahmed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
| | - Zakia M Ibrahim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
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Experiences and Perceptions of Abused Turkish Women Regarding Violence Against Women. Community Ment Health J 2019; 55:686-692. [PMID: 30353446 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-018-0350-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study qualitatively explored abused Turkish women's experiences and perceptions regarding violence against women. The research sample comprised 30 women who were seen by the police and referred to the Family Counseling Center between 2 October 2012 and 30 August 2013 due to domestic violence. Study data were collected using a Demographic Information Datasheet and a Semi-Structured Interview Form. Qualitative data were gathered using face-to-face interviews, which were transcribed verbatim then analyzed and interpreted to determine themes using the conceptual framework. Qualitative analysis yielded five themes: (1) being subjected to all types of violence; (2) everything is an excuse for violence; (3) forgetting what it is like to be a woman; (4) having to continue the marriage against her will; (5) being forced to do some things involuntarily in order to reduce the violence. In the light of these results, it seems that multidisciplinary approaches are required in order to support women both psychologically and socially. Women need to be supported in order to determine their mental health problems and to get the required medical assistance.
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Bahrami-Vazir E, Mirghafourvand M, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Kamalifard M. Predictors of sexual function in pregnant Iranian adolescents. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2019; 33:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2018-0069/ijamh-2018-0069.xml. [PMID: 30807288 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2018-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human sexual activity is one of the main aspects of life. The present study intended to determine the status of sexual function in pregnant adolescents at their second trimester of pregnancy and its predictive factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional research studied 136 adolescents aged 15-19 years in their 24th-30th gestational weeks. All eligible pregnant adolescents in all 80 health centers of Tabriz, Iran were considered as the study samples. The data were collected using a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2). A general linear model was used to determine the relationships between sexual function and socio-demographic characteristics and intimate partner violence (IPV). RESULTS The frequency of sexual dysfunction in pregnant adolescents was about 65%. The mean [standard deviation (SD)] of total sexual function score was 25.3 (5.9) from the attainable score of 2-36. The pregnant adolescents obtained the lowest and the highest mean scores in the sexual desire and sexual satisfaction subscales, respectively. Shorter marital duration and IPV were sexual function predictors. CONCLUSION Considering the high prevalence of sexual dysfunction in pregnant adolescent, and the impact of IPV on sexual function, midwives should take the necessary actions in identifying and consulting this disorder and IPV in their prenatal visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellahe Bahrami-Vazir
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mojgan Mirghafourvand
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran, Phone: 00989143206121, Fax: 00984134796969
| | - Sakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Centre, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mahin Kamalifard
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Şahin S, İlçioğlu K, Ünsal A. İnfertil kadınlarda aile içi şiddet ve kaygı düzeyleri. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.331064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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25
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Bondade S, Iyengar RS, Shivakumar BK, Karthik KN. Intimate Partner Violence and Psychiatric Comorbidity in Infertile Women - A Cross-Sectional Hospital Based Study. Indian J Psychol Med 2018; 40:540-546. [PMID: 30533950 PMCID: PMC6241199 DOI: 10.4103/ijpsym.ijpsym_158_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM In Asian countries, child bearing is a social obligation. Experience of infertility profoundly affects the personal well-being of women. Women with infertility are at a higher risk of anxiety, depression, and Intimate partner violence (IPV). In this background the present study was carried out to determine IPV and psychiatric comorbidity in women with infertility. METHODS Hundred consecutive women with primary infertility in the age group of 18 years to 45 years were included in the study. Psychiatric diagnosis was made according to DSM-5. Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) were used to assess the severity of the anxiety and depressive symptoms. IPV was assessed using WHO violence against women instrument. RESULTS The mean age of the 100 women was 26.73 ± 4.23 years, duration of marriage was 7.11 ± 4.177 years and duration of infertility treatment in years was 5.56 ± 3.89. The prevalence of IPV among patients was 50% and psychiatric comorbidity was 46%. When we compared the women who experienced IPV and who did not, the prevalence of anxiety disorder and depressive disorder was high among IPV group. Anxiety, depressive scores in HAM A, HAM D were higher in IPV group compared to the other group and was statistically significant. CONCLUSION A significant number of women who had infertility reported IPV. This emphasizes the importance of screening for IPV in these women. It is observed that women with IPV had higher psychiatric comorbidity and may require psychotherapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Bondade
- Department of Psychiatry, The Oxford Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rupa S Iyengar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Oxford Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - B K Shivakumar
- Department of Psychiatry, The Oxford Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - K N Karthik
- Department of Psychiatry, The Oxford Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Sis Çelik A, Kırca N. Prevalence and risk factors for domestic violence against infertile women in a Turkish setting. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2018; 231:111-116. [PMID: 30342312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for domestic violence among women seeking infertility treatment at an IVF center. STUDY DESIGN This cross-sectional study was conducted with 423 infertile women who referred to the IVF Center in the southwest of Turkey between 1 January and 31 July 2016. The women were interviewed without their male partners by using the questionnaire and Infertile Women's Exposure to Violence Determination Scale. RESULTS A total of 306 participants (72%) declared having experienced domestic violence. It was found that 30% of the women exposed to violence stated that they were subject to physical violence, 6% to sexual violence, 62% to emotional violence, and 19% to economic violence. It was determined that the total mean score obtained by the women exposed to violence from Infertile Women's Exposure to Violence Determination Scale was 120.04 ± 12.69 and when it was evaluated based on the total mean scores to be obtained from the scale, level of violence experienced by the women was found to be severe. CONCLUSIONS The rate of exposure to violence was determined to be high in women included in the study. The most common type of domestic violence is psychological violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslı Sis Çelik
- Atatürk University, Nursing Faculty, Department of Birth, Women Health and Gynecology Nursing Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Nurcan Kırca
- Akdeniz University, Nursing Faculty, Department of Birth, Women Health and Gynecology Nursing Antalya, Turkey.
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Taghizadeh Z, Pourbakhtiar M, Ghasemzadeh S, Azimi K, Mehran A. The effect of training problem-solving skills for pregnant women experiencing intimate partner violence: a randomized control trial. Pan Afr Med J 2018; 30:79. [PMID: 30344863 PMCID: PMC6191243 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2018.30.79.14872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intimate partner violence (IPV) in pregnancy is considered as an additional threat to the maternal/fetal health. The present study was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of training problem-solving skills on IPV against pregnant women. Methods The present randomized clinical trial was conducted on 125 and 132 women visiting the health centers of Tehran as the intervention and the control groups, respectively; samples were selected using random stratified cluster sampling. The intervention group underwent four problem-solving training sessions. Three months later, both groups completed the revised Conflict Tactics Scale questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.16. Results The mean (SD) ages of the participants were 27.51 (4.26) and 27.02 (4.26) years, respectively, in the control and the intervention groups. The rates of the physical and psychological violence were significantly reduced after the intervention in the intervention group. Risk differences of the physical, psychological and sexual violence before and after the intervention were 3% (95% CI: -8.23 to14.13, P = 0.6), 1.5% (95% CI: -4.93 to 8.03, P = 0.6) and 4.8% (95% CI: -7.11 to 16.52, P = 0.4) in the control group and 8.8% (95% CI: -3.47 to 20.71, P = 0.1), 25.4% (95% CI: 15.77 to 34.66, P < 0.001) and 4.9% (95% CI: -7.38 to16.97, P = 0.4) in the intervention group, respectively. Conclusion It seems that training this skill as a part of the routine prenatal care could be effective in reducing intimate partner violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziba Taghizadeh
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourbakhtiar
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Sogand Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Azimi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Abbas Mehran
- Master of Biostatistics, Faculty of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mardi A, Ebadi A, Shahbazi S, Esmaelzade saeieh S, Behboodi Moghadam Z. Factors influencing the use of contraceptives through the lens of teenage women: a qualitative study in Iran. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:202. [PMID: 29382304 PMCID: PMC5791335 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One out of seven teenage girls in developing countries marries before the age of 15. While the fertility rate of teenage girls is high, the rate of contraceptive use remains low; therefore, this group of teenagers needs reproductive healthcare. This study was undertaken to explore factors influencing the use of contraceptives from the perspective of teenage women living in the city of Ardabil in Iran. METHODS This qualitative study was conducted with 14 married women aged 13-19 years who attended in urban-rural healthcare centers in Ardabil. Eligible women were recruited using purposive sampling and were invited to take part in individual in-depth semi-structured interviews. The duration of the interviews varied from 45 to 90 min with an average of 55 min. Sampling continued until data saturation was reached and no new data was collected. Each interview was tape-recorded after obtaining the participant's permission, transcribed verbatim and analyzed for identifying categories and themes using conventional content analysis. RESULTS Three themes and eight subthemes were developed. The themes were as follows: "insufficient familiarity with contraceptive methods", "pressure to become pregnant" and "misconceptions". CONCLUSION Despite the high prevalence of early marriage in Iranian society, teenage women are not empowered or prepared for marriage and birth control. Sexual and reproductive healthcare services to teenage women should be improved to meet their needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrouz Mardi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Abbas Ebadi
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Nursing Faculty of Baghiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Shahbazi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Behboodi Moghadam
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tohid Square, Eastern-Nosrat Street, Tehran, 1419733171 Iran
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Solanke BL, Bisiriyu AL, Oyedokun A. Is the likelihood of spousal violence lower or higher among childless women? Evidence from Nigeria demographic and health surveys. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2018; 18:20. [PMID: 29338707 PMCID: PMC5771225 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-018-0514-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Few studies have been able to determine whether the likelihood of spousal violence is higher or lower among childless women compared with women who have children. This is because most studies linking childlessness and spousal violence were either qualitative or were conducted among childless women attending fertility clinics. In the fewer quantitative studies that linked childlessness and spousal violence, results are mixed and yet to be verified in Nigeria using nationally representative sample data. The current study addresses this knowledge gap by raising the research question: is the likelihood of spousal violence lower or higher among childless women? Methods The study analysed data from 2008 and 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys. Only women aged 35–49 years are included in the analysis. The outcome variable was spousal violence, while the key explanatory variable was parity status categorised into childless, have only one child, and have two or more children. Selected individual-level and community-level variables were included as additional explanatory variables. The multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression analysis was applied in four nested models using Stata 12. Results In Model 1, result show 57% more likelihood of spousal violence among women who have two or more children compared with childless women (OR = 1.570: CI: 1.074–2.294). In Model 2, women who have two or more children were 52.3% more likely to experience spousal violence compared with childless women (OR = 1.523; CI: 1.037–2.247). In Model 3, the likelihood of spousal violence was 67.2% higher among women who have two or more children compared with childless women (OR = 1.672; CI: 1.140–2.452). In the full model, women who have two or more children were 50.8% more likely to experience spousal violence compared with childless women (OR = 1.508; CI: 1.077–2.234). The Intra-Class Correlation (ICC) provides evidence to support community contributions to prevalence of spousal violence. Conclusions The likelihood of spousal violence is lower among childless women in Nigeria. Causes of spousal violence against women cut across individual, family, and community characteristics irrespective of childlessness or number of children. Current Behaviour Change Communication should be strengthened by adequate enforcement of the newly enacted Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act of 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bola Lukman Solanke
- Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Adeleke Luqman Bisiriyu
- Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Amos Oyedokun
- Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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Hajizade-Valokolaee M, Khani S, Fooladi E, Peivandi S. Related factors of violence against women with infertility: A systematic review study based on an ecological approach. Electron Physician 2017; 9:5834-5843. [PMID: 29403627 PMCID: PMC5783136 DOI: 10.19082/5834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Infertility as a global problem, affects the different aspects of women’s health. Also, violence against infertile women affects their psychological wellbeing and treatment consequence. This study aimed at reviewing related factors to violence against infertile women, based on an ecological approach. Methods In this systematic review, the researchers conducted their search in electronic databases such as Google Scholar, and then in more specialized ones such as Medline via PubMed, Science Direct, Up-to-date, Springer, SID, Magiran, Iranmedex and Irandoc with the key words violence, infertility, women, risk factors, social environment, and individuality, from 1988 to 2016. The selection of papers was undertaken from 20–27 January 2017. The articles were selected based on the following criteria: 1), the articles focused on the research question 2), infertility and violence were included in the title of the articles, and 3) articles were published in online journals. Exclusion criteria were articles which focused on violence against the general population, pregnant women and female sex workers and articles that were not available in full text form or written in other languages (Not Persian or English). The quality of selected studies was appraised using a 16-item checklist adapted from Tao. This checklist consisted of 16 items which used a 0 or 1 scoring system (not eligible or eligible). If an article received a score of 75% (12–16 points), it was of high quality. A score of 50% to 74% (8–12 points) indicated moderate quality, and less than 50% (8 points) indicated low quality. The process of titles, abstracts and full-texts’ appraisal led to the selection of 16 articles, which were used to write this article Results Two of the articles based on 16-items of the check list had high quality score, 8 of them had moderate and the remaining articles had low quality score. Our findings were classified under three categories corresponding with the ecological approach: (1) Microsystem level “individual sociodemographic and infertility characteristics”, (2) Mesosystem level “interpersonal’ and husband sociodemographic characteristics” and (3) Macro system level considered ethnicity and cultural factors. Conclusion Violence against infertile women and the stress caused by it, would affect the consequences of infertility treatment. It is noted that various cultural-contextual factors cause violence in different societies. There is a need for the development of screening tools and applying counselors to identify infertile women at the risk of violence, and provide clinical services, counseling and social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hajizade-Valokolaee
- Student Research Committee, Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Soghra Khani
- Ph.D. of Reproductive Health, Assistant Professor, Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ensieh Fooladi
- Ph.D. of Reproductive Health, Assistant Professor, Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sepideh Peivandi
- M.D. Gynecologist, Associate Professor, Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Latifnejad Roudsari R, Rasoulzadeh Bidgoli M. The Effect of Collaborative Infertility Counseling on Marital Satisfaction in Infertile Women Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nurs Midwifery Stud 2017. [DOI: 10.17795/nmsjournal36723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Abstract
Background & Objective: Violence against women is a widespread problem and has serious implications on women’s health. Infertility, in many ways, is a very stressful condition that affect social and marital life of a couple; moreover, compared to fertile women, infertile women are twice as vulnerable against violence. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of violence and define the effect of infertility on violence on women receiving infertility treatment. Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out 301 infertile women between November 2015 and August 2016 in a state hospital, Izmir. Data were collected as “Sociodemographic Characteristics Form” and “Infertile Women’s Exposure to Violence Determination Scale”. Results: The mean age of women was 31.77±5.46 years; the average duration of marriage was 6.93±4.53 years. About 32.5% of women stated that they have suffered from violence throughout their lives and 4.7% of women were still suffering from violence, while 5.0% of women were subjected to violence after infertility was diagnosed. Conclusion: It is an encouraging finding that infertile women have a low exposure to violence. However, despite a low violence rate, there is an increase in violence toward women who have been diagnosed with infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusen Ozturk
- Rusen Ozturk, Ph.D. Research Assistant, Department of Gynecologic and Obstetric Nursing, Ege University Faculty of Nursing, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aylin Taner
- Aylin Taner, RN. MSc Student, Department of Gynecologic and Obstetric Nursing, Ege University Faculty of Nursing, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sezer Er Guneri
- Sezer Er Guneri, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Department of Gynecologic and Obstetric Nursing, Ege University Faculty of Nursing, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bulent Yilmaz
- Bulent Yilmaz, Associate Professor, Medical Doctor, Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Women's Diseases and Birth, Turkey
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The Effect of Collaborative Infertility Counseling on Marital Satisfaction in Infertile Women Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nurs Midwifery Stud 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/nmsjournal.36723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Akpinar F, Yilmaz S, Karahanoglu E, Ozelci R, Coskun B, Dilbaz B, Tekin ÖM. Intimate partner violence in Turkey among women with female infertility. SEXUAL AND RELATIONSHIP THERAPY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2017.1327711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Funda Akpinar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences Ankara Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Health Practice Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Saynur Yilmaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences Ankara Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Health Practice Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Karahanoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences Ankara Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Health Practice Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Runa Ozelci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences Ankara Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Health Practice Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bora Coskun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences Ankara Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Health Practice Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berna Dilbaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences Ankara Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Health Practice Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özlem Moraloğlu Tekin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences Ankara Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Health Practice Research Center, Ankara, Turkey
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Barnawi FH. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Domestic Violence Against Women Attending a Primary Care Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2017; 32:1171-1186. [PMID: 26021859 DOI: 10.1177/0886260515587669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Domestic violence (DV) against women can negatively affect the physical, mental, sexual, and reproductive health of the women as well as the well-being of their children. The objective was to estimate among Saudi women the prevalence of different types of DV, to identify its associated risk factors, and to determine the immediate victims' reactions to such violence. A cross-sectional study was carried between March and July, 2011. Self-administrated questionnaire was administered to ever-married Saudi women attending Al-Wazarat primary health care center, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Out of the 720 women studied, 144 (20%) reported exposure to DV over the last year. The most common DV types were emotional (69%), social (34%), economic (26%), physical (20%), and sexual violence (10%). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the following characteristics were independently associated with DV: younger women age, longer duration of marriage, higher women education, lower husband education, working husbands, military occupation, fewer children, husbands with multiple wives, smoking husbands, aggressive husbands, presence of chronic disease in women or husbands, and non-sufficient family income. The most common impacts of DV on women were medical or behavioral problems (72%) and psychiatric problems (58%). The most common reactions to DV were seeking separation (56%) and doing nothing (41%). More than 90% of children of abused women suffered psychological or behavioral problems. In conclusion, DV against Saudi women is considerable and the response is generally passive. Promoting a culture non-tolerant to DV and providing accessible, effective, and trustful social services to abused women are critically needed.
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Sarayloo KH, Mirzaei Najmabadi KH, Ranjbar F, Behboodi Moghadam Z. Prevalence and Risk Factors for Domestic Violence against Pregnant Women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.29252/ijn.29.104.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Bahrami-Vazir E, Kamalifard M, Mirghafourvand M. Intimate partner violence during the first pregnancy: A comparison between adolescents and adults in an urban area of Iran. J Forensic Leg Med 2016; 43:53-60. [PMID: 27450537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is uncertain evidence that intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is more common among adolescents. We aimed to compare prevalence and chronicity of IPV during the first pregnancy between adolescents and adults. 136 women aged 15 to 19 and 272 women aged 20-29 years between 24 and 30 weeks gestation (stratified by center) were examined at all 80 public health centers/posts in Tabriz-Iran. IPV was assessed using the revised conflict tactics scales. The adolescents and adults reported roughly the same rate of overall IPV perpetration (72% vs. 71%, p = 0.816). Rate of victimization was slightly higher among the adolescents (69% vs. 62%) but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.144). The most common types of IPV perpetration and victimization in the both groups were psychological aggression, followed by physical assault and sexual coercion. Using only two physical assault and sexual coercion subscales, rate of IPV perpetration fell to 40% vs. 28%, p = 0.016 and victimization fell to 46% vs. 38%, p = 0.227. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of prevalence and chronicity of various types of IPV, except sexual coercion victimization which was more prevalent among the adolescents (31% vs. 21%, p = 0.034). The high rates of IPV perpetration and victimization during pregnancy among both adolescents and adults in the study area with significant higher risk of sexual coercion victimization among adolescents require health policy makers and care providers to have serious efforts for its reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Centre, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Ellahe Bahrami-Vazir
- Students' Research Committee, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Mahin Kamalifard
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Mojgan Mirghafourvand
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Hajnasiri H, Ghanei Gheshlagh R, Sayehmiri K, Moafi F, Farajzadeh M. Domestic Violence Among Iranian Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 18:e34971. [PMID: 27621936 PMCID: PMC5006439 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.34971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Violence against women, or domestic violence, is both a physical and mental health issue that is rampant in many societies. It undermines the personal health of those involved by inflicting physical, sexual, and psychological damage. The purpose of the present systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the prevalence of domestic violence in Iranian society. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A total of 31 articles published between 2000 and 2014 in Iranian and international databases (MagIran, IranMedex, SID, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Pre Quest, and Scopus) were examined. The data collected from the articles were analyzed through a meta-analysis using a random effects model. The heterogeneity of the articles was examined using the I2 index, and the analyses were performed with STATA software version 11.2. RESULTS Based on the 31 articles, which represent a sample size of 15,514 persons, we estimated the prevalence of domestic violence to be 66% (CI 95%: 55 - 77). The geographical classification showed that the prevalence of domestic violence was 70% (CI 95%: 57 - 84) in the east of the country, 70% in the south (CI 95%: 32 - 100), 75% in the west (CI 95%: 56 - 94), 62% in the north (CI 95%: 37 - 86), and 59% in the center (CI 95%: 44 - 74). CONCLUSIONS The results of the study showed a high prevalence of domestic violence in Iran, which requires the adoption of appropriate measures and the initiation of effective interventions by the legal authorities. These measures and interventions should aim to determine the causes of domestic violence and to develop ways of controlling and reducing this destructive phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Hajnasiri
- Faculty Member of Nursing & Midwifery School, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IR Iran
| | - Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, IR Iran
| | - Kourosh Sayehmiri
- Psychological Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IR Iran
| | - Farnoosh Moafi
- Faculty Member of Nursing & Midwifery School, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IR Iran
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Azadarmaki T, Kassani A, Menati R, Hassanzadeh J, Menati W. Psychometric Properties of a Screening Instrument for Domestic Violence in a Sample of Iranian Women. Nurs Midwifery Stud 2016; 5:e27763. [PMID: 27331052 PMCID: PMC4915204 DOI: 10.17795/nmsjournal27763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Domestic violence against women is regarded as an important health problem among women and a serious concern in issues related to human rights. To date, a few screening tools for domestic violence exist for Iranian married women, but they assess only some of the domestic violence components. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to design and determine the validity and reliability of a screening instrument for domestic violence in a sample of Iranian women. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was a cross-sectional psychometric evaluation conducted on 350 married women in Ilam, Iran, in 2014. The samples were selected through multistage sampling and the main method was cluster sampling. A 20-item, self-administered questionnaire was validated by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). An Eigen value > 1 and a loading factor > 0.3 for each component were considered as indices for extracting domestic violence components. Reliability was calculated by test-retest and Cronbach's alpha. Also, the content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) were used to measure content validity. The data were analyzed using SPSS-13 and LISREL 8.8 software programs. RESULTS The self-administered instrument was completed by 334 women. The CFA and EFA methods confirmed embedding items and the three-factor structure of the instrument including psychological, physical, and sexual violence, which explained 66% of the total variance of the domestic violence. The ICC and Cronbach's alpha coefficients were > 0.7 for the components of the questionnaire. The test-retest also revealed strong correlations for each of the domestic violence components (r > 0.6). CONCLUSIONS The used instrument for measuring domestic violence had desirable validity and reliability and can be used as a suitable instrument in health and social researches in the local population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghi Azadarmaki
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, IR Iran; Prevention of Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IR Iran
| | - Aziz Kassani
- Prevention of Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IR Iran
| | - Rostam Menati
- Prevention of Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IR Iran; Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Jafar Hassanzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Walieh Menati
- Prevention of Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IR Iran
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Stellar C, Garcia-Moreno C, Temmerman M, van der Poel S. A systematic review and narrative report of the relationship between infertility, subfertility, and intimate partner violence. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2015; 133:3-8. [PMID: 26797197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertility/subfertility could be a formerly unrecognized risk factor for intimate partner violence (IPV). OBJECTIVES To review the evidence on the association between infertility/subfertility in women and the risk of IPV. SEARCH STRATEGY Seven databases were searched for articles published in English or Spanish between January 2000 and July 2015. SELECTION CRITERIA Studies were included if they analyzed the relationship between infertility/subfertility and IPV in a quantitative manner. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS A systematic search was completed by one author, and articles meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria were chosen by two authors. It was not possible to pool the data because of heterogeneity in the study design, the methods, and the definitions of IPV and infertility/subfertility found across the studies. Instead, a narrative report was completed. MAIN RESULTS Twenty-one papers met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The available evidence indicated that infertility/subfertility is associated with IPV in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). CONCLUSIONS Infertility/subfertility is associated with an increased risk of experiencing IPV in LMICs. Future research should focus on studies with a homogenous design, rigorous methodology, and appropriately selected study and control groups. Qualitative research would also be invaluable to assess the impact of relevant social variables on outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marleen Temmerman
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
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Iliyasu Z, Galadanci HS, Abubakar S, Auwal MS, Odoh C, Salihu HM, Aliyu MH. Phenotypes of intimate partner violence among women experiencing infertility in Kano, Northwest Nigeria. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2015; 133:32-6. [PMID: 26948339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for intimate partner violence (IPV) among women attending a large urban fertility clinic in Kano, Nigeria. METHODS Interviewers administered questionnaires to a cross-section of women attending an infertility clinic in Northwest Nigeria, regarding their experience of IPV and associated factors. RESULTS In total, 373 individuals were interviewed. Of the individuals interviewed, 134 (35.9%; 95% confidence Interval [CI] 31.1%-41.0%) had experienced at least one form of IPV in the preceding year. Of the 134 patients who had encountered violence, 126 (94.0%), 111 (82.8%), 47 (35.1%), and 25 (18.7%) had experienced psychological, sexual, verbal, and physical forms of violence, respectively. Of the affected individuals, 34 (25.4%) experienced multiple forms of violence, with spouses being the main perpetrators. A lack of formal education (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.21; 95%CI 1.21-7.43), employment in the informal sector (OR 2.01; 95%C: 1.02-4.52), and having an unemployed spouse (OR 1.56; 95%CI 1.02-3.15) or one with low level of education (OR 2.32; 95%CI 1.87-4.21) were independently associated with IPV. CONCLUSION In this setting, women who were infertile experienced a high incidence of IPV. Women presenting at fertility clinics should be screened for IPV and provided with links to appropriate support services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubairu Iliyasu
- Department of Community Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital and Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria; Public Health Section, School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Hadiza S Galadanci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital and Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Sanusi Abubakar
- Department of Community Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital and Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria; Public Health Section, School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Maryam S Auwal
- Department of Community Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital and Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Chisom Odoh
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Hamisu M Salihu
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Muktar H Aliyu
- Departments of Health Policy and Medicine, Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Nashville, United States
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Aduloju PO, Olagbuji NB, Olofinbiyi AB, Awoleke JO. Prevalence and predictors of intimate partner violence among women attending infertility clinic in south-western Nigeria. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2015; 188:66-9. [PMID: 25794827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study evaluated the prevalence and predictors of intimate partner violence among infertile women attending infertility clinic of Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti. STUDY DESIGN A cross sectional study of infertile women presenting at the clinic between 1st November 2012 and 31st October 2013 was done. A semi-structured questionnaire on violence was administered to 170 consecutive women who consented to participate. The data were analysed using SPSS 17 and significances test were performed on variables associated with violence with Student's t test and Chi square test. Logistic regression was done to determine predictive factors associated with intimate partner violence. RESULTS The prevalence of intimate partner violence associated with infertility among the women was 31.2%. There were no significant differences in the age of the women, duration of marriage and duration of infertility between the women who had experienced violence and those who had not experienced it; p>0.05. Unemployment, polygamous marriage, husbands' social habits, primary infertility and prolonged duration of infertility were associated with violence in these women; p<0.05. Education of the women and their husbands, their religion and ethnicity were not significantly associated with violence; p>0.05. However with logistic regression, the unemployment status of the women and prolonged duration of infertility were the predictors of violence against women with infertility in this study, p value<0.05. More than 50% of the women reported psychological violence as the commonest form of violence experienced by them ever, since the diagnosis of infertility was made and in the past one year. All forms of violence experienced were aggravated by infertility in these women. CONCLUSION Women with infertility are prone to intimate partner violence and this would further aggravate the challenges of infertility being faced by these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter O Aduloju
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
| | - Nelson B Olagbuji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Ajayi B Olofinbiyi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Jacob O Awoleke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
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Hasanpoor-Azghdy SB, Simbar M, Vedadhir A. The Social Consequences of Infertility among Iranian Women: A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2015; 8:409-20. [PMID: 25780523 PMCID: PMC4355928 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2015.4181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertility may prevent couples to achieve the desired social roles and lead to some social and psychological problems. This study aimed to explain the social consequences of infertility in Iranian women seeking treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A qualitative content analysis was conducted based on 32 semi-structured interviews with 25 women affected by primary and secondary infertility with no surviving children. The participants were purposefully selected with maximum variability from a fertility health research center in Tehran, Iran, from January to October 2012. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the conventional content analysis method. RESULTS Our findings indicate that the consequences of infertility are divided into five main categories: 1. violence including psychological violence and domestic physical violence, 2. marital instability or uncertainty, 3. social isolation including avoiding certain people or certain social events and self-imposed isolation from family and friends, 4. social exclusion and partial deprivation including being disregarded by family members and relatives and reducing social interactions with the infertile woman and 5. social alienation. CONCLUSION This study reveals that Iranian women with fertility issues seeking treatment face several social problems that could have devastating effects on the quality of their lives. It is, therefore, recommended that, in Iran, infertility is only considered as a biomedical issue of a couple and pay further attention to its sociocultural dimensions and consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syedeh Batool Hasanpoor-Azghdy
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Simbar
- The Research Center for Safe Motherhood , Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abouali Vedadhir
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Hajikhani Golchin NA, Hamzehgardeshi Z, Hamzehgardeshi L, Shirzad Ahoodashti M. Sociodemographic characteristics of pregnant women exposed to domestic violence during pregnancy in an Iranian setting. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2014; 16:e11989. [PMID: 24910784 PMCID: PMC4028757 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.11989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background: Domestic violence refers to any type of physical, sexual, and psychological abuse enforced in the setting of familial relationships. Domestic violence has a significant relationship with poor outcome among pregnant women. Success in resolving this social phenomenon rests on accurate assessment of the society and the factors associated with violence in that specific community. Objectives: The present study was conducted to assess the demographic characteristics of pregnant women exposed to different types of domestic violence during pregnancy in Iranian setting. Patients and Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic, cross-sectional study. Sampling was done with convenience sampling method. in the current study, 301 pregnant women aged 15-45 years of Iranian nationality who were referred to the hospital for delivery or abortion, regardless of the gestational age, were selected as the subjects. Data collection tools consisted of a sociodemographic questionnaire and a violence checklist. Violence was assessed using Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2). Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistics on SPSS version 16 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) and STATA version 10. The characteristics of the participants were presented as mean ± SD or number and percentage. Differences between variables were determined by the χ2 test, and multivariate logistic regression. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: According to the findings, 34.56% of participants had experienced psychological violence, 28.24% physical violence, and 3.65% sexual violence. Multivariate logistic regression revealed a statistically significant relationship only in the case of physical violence and history of penal conviction for partner (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 12.60) and a patriarchal household (AOR = 16.75). Conclusions: As domestic violence is greatly influenced by the customs and cultures of each community, no single strategy can be adopted to resolve it universally. Simultaneously, it is necessary to adopt comprehensive measures to control factors associated with domestic violence in the healthcare, judiciary, and the educational systems in order to prevent and curb this social challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayereh Azam Hajikhani Golchin
- Department of Midwifery, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan Branch, Gorgan, IR Iran
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Zeinab Hamzehgardeshi
- Department of Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Zeinab Hamzehgardeshi, Department of Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR Iran. Tel: +98-1512267342-5, Fax: +98-1512268915, E-mail:
| | - Leila Hamzehgardeshi
- Department of Family Health, Public Health Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR Iran
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Farrokh-Eslamlou H, Oshnouei S, Haghighi N. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy in Urmia, Iran in 2012. J Forensic Leg Med 2014; 24:28-32. [PMID: 24794847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of enough prevalence data on Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) during pregnancy from many countries, there are still some regions such as the Middle East with relatively limited data. The purpose of research was to investigate the magnitude of IPV during pregnancy in an Iranian community. METHODS Thirty hundred fifty women during their postpartum period were invited to participate in a cross-sectional population-based study, but 10.6% of them refused participation. The data was compiled using the Abuse Assessment Screen questionnaire. RESULTS Of the 313 women, 55.9% reported violence during pregnancy. All types of violence were detected in victims during pregnancy, including psychological violence (43.5%), physical violence (10.2%), and sexual violence (17.2%). Intimate partner violence during pregnancy was significantly associated with lower education of the husbands (PR 1.64; 95% CI 1.15-2.36), un-employment of the husbands (PR 1.36; 95% CI 1.12-1.64), marriage duration of 5-9 years (PR 0.95; 95% CI 0.74-1.20) and gravidity of two (PR 0.80; 95% CI 0.59-1.08). CONCLUSION The reported prevalence of IPV before and during pregnancy in this sample is substantially higher than estimates of exposure to violence in other parts of the globe, even the East Mediterranean region which has the highest prevalence estimation in the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Farrokh-Eslamlou
- Reproductive Health Research Centre, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Sima Oshnouei
- Reproductive Health Research Centre, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Negar Haghighi
- Reproductive Health Research Centre, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Abstract
Infertility affects more than 10% of the world's population. In developing countries, there are severe social, psychological and economic consequences for infertile men and women. All of the cited references are compiled from primary peer-reviewed research articles that were conducted through one-to-one interviews or focus groups in countries of developing regions, such as Africa, Asia and the Middle East. The following paper seeks to raise awareness of the consequences of infertility in developing nations and identify infertility as an under-observed, but significant public health issue. It is proposed that education programmes tailored to each society's specific religious beliefs and grounded traditions must be implemented in order to reverse the social stigma, detrimental psychological effects, and loss of economic security that results from infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Rouchou
- St George's University, True Blue, St. Georges, Grenada, West Indies.
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Gupta J, Falb K, Kpebo D, Annan J. Abuse from in-laws and associations with attempts to control reproductive decisions among rural women in Côte d'Ivoire: a cross-sectional study. BJOG 2012; 119:1058-66. [PMID: 22676807 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2012.03401.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To document the lifetime prevalence of abuse from in-laws (both nonphysical maltreatment and physical violence), the forms of in-law abuse and reproductive control, and the relationship between experiences of in-law abuse and reproductive control among partnered women in rural Côte d'Ivoire. DESIGN Cross-sectional study using baseline data (October 2010) from a randomised controlled trial examining socio-economic interventions on reduction of violence against Ivorian women. SETTING Rural Côte d'Ivoire. POPULATION A total of 981 Ivorian women aged 18 years and older who reported having a male partner and a current source of stable income. METHODS Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Lifetime, in-law-perpetrated reproductive control. RESULTS More than one in four (27.0%) women reported experiencing lifetime in-law abuse. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, in-law abuse was significantly associated with in-law-perpetrated reproductive control (adjusted odds ratio 6.9; 95% confidence interval 3.9-12.2; P < 0.0001). Religion and having fewer pregnancies were also associated with reporting in-law-perpetrated reproductive control. CONCLUSIONS Increased efforts are needed to involve in-laws in programmes that seek to reduce gender-based violence against women and improve women's reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gupta
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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BEHBOODI-MOGHADAM Z, SALSALI M, EFTEKHAR-ARDABILY H, VAISMORADI M, RAMEZANZADEH F. Experiences of infertility through the lens of Iranian infertile women: A qualitative study. Jpn J Nurs Sci 2012; 10:41-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7924.2012.00208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Injury and violence rank among the leading causes of death worldwide, with more than 5 million deaths annually, representing a significant portion of the global burden of disease. This article examines how injury and violence relate to global health using recent global burden of disease data and selected key studies and databases, and further explores risk factors and intervention initiatives that address unintentional and intentional injuries. The article serves as a call to action to enhance understanding of the growing burden of injury and violence, especially in low-income and middle-income countries, where more than 90% of injuries occur.
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