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Leyton J, Fernández J, Acosta P, Quiroga A, Codony F. Reduction of Helicobacter pylori cells in rural water supply using slow sand filtration. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:619. [PMID: 38878080 PMCID: PMC11180159 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12764-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a microorganism that infects 60% of the population and is considered the main cause of atrophic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and gastric cancer. Different emerging pathogens have been found in drinking water and their presence is considered to be an important public health problem. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out the validation of reliable technologies for this type of pathogens and evaluate their performance. This paper reports, for the first time, H. pylori reduction in a drinking water pilot plant of two slow sand filters (SSF). Inlet water was taken from a gravel filtration system of a rural water supply in Colombia and then inoculated with viable cells of H. pylori. By determining the Genomic Units (GU) through quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR), the concentration of GU/sample was measured. In the inlet water amplification for SSF1 and SSF2 were 5.13 × 102 ± 4.48 × 102 and 6.59 × 102 ± 7.32 × 102, respectively, while for the treated water they were 7.0 ± 5.6 and 2.05 × 101 ± 2.9 × 101 GU/sample for SSF1 and SSF2, respectively. The SSF pilot plant reached up to 3 log reduction units of H. pylori; therefore, since there is not an H. pylori contamination indicator and its periodic monitoring is financially complicated, the SSF could guarantee the drinking water quality necessity that exists in rural areas and small municipalities in developing countries, where infection rates and prevalence of this pathogen are high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Leyton
- Department of Environmental and Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia.
| | - Javier Fernández
- Department of Environmental and Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - Patricia Acosta
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - Andrés Quiroga
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
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2
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Ma C, Zhou F, Lu D, Xu S, Luo J, Gan H, Gao D, Yao Z, He W, Kurup PU, Zhu DZ. Quantification and cultivation of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) from various urban water environments: A comprehensive analysis of precondition methods and sample characteristics. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 187:108683. [PMID: 38735073 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Substantial evidence suggests that all types of water, such as drinking water, wastewater, surface water, and groundwater, can be potential sources of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Thus, it is critical to thoroughly investigate all possible preconditioning methods to enhance the recovery of H. pylori, improve the reproducibility of subsequent detection, and optimize the suitability for various water types and different detection purposes. In this study, we proposed and evaluated five distinct preconditioning methods for treating water samples collected from multiple urban water environments, aiming to maximize the quantitative qPCR readouts and achieve effective selective cultivation. According to the experimental results, when using the qPCR technique to examine WWTP influent, effluent, septic tank, and wetland water samples, the significance of having a preliminary cleaning step becomes more evident as it can profoundly influence qPCR detection results. In contrast, the simple, straightforward membrane filtration method could perform best when isolating and culturing H. pylori from all water samples. Upon examining the cultivation and qPCR results obtained from groundwater samples, the presence of infectious H. pylori (potentially other pathogens) in aquifers must represent a pressing environmental emergency demanding immediate attention. Furthermore, we believe groundwater can be used as a medium to reflect the H. pylori prevalence in a highly populated community due to its straightforward analytical matrix, consistent detection performance, and minimal interferences from human activities, temperature, precipitation, and other environmental fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ma
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Geography Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhou
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Geography Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Dingnan Lu
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Geography Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave., Lowell, MA 01854, USA; Institute of Ocean Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Shengliang Xu
- Ningbo Municipal Engineering Construction Group Co., 315000, China
| | - Jiayue Luo
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Geography Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave., Lowell, MA 01854, USA; Institute of Ocean Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Huihui Gan
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Geography Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave., Lowell, MA 01854, USA; Institute of Ocean Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Doudou Gao
- Ningbo Municipal Engineering Construction Group Co., 315000, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yao
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Geography Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Institute of Ocean Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Weidong He
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Geography Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Pradeep U Kurup
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave., Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - David Z Zhu
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Geography Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Institute of Ocean Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
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3
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Wang D, Wang D, Liao K, Zhang B, Li S, Liu M, Lv L, Xue F. Optical detection using CRISPR-Cas12a of Helicobacter pylori for veterinary applications. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:455. [PMID: 37910191 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a zoonotic gastric microorganism capable of efficient interspecies transmission. Domesticated companion animals, particularly dogs and cats, serve as natural reservoirs for H. pylori. This phenomenon facilitates the extensive dissemination of H. pylori among households with pets. Hence, the prompt and precise identification of H. pylori in companion animals holds paramount importance for the well-being of both animals and their owners. With the assistance of Multienzyme Isothermal Rapid Amplification (MIRA) and CRISPR-Cas12a system, we successfully crafted a highly adaptable optical detection platform for H. pylori. Three sensor systems with corresponding visual interpretations were proposed. This study demonstrated a rapid turnaround time of approximately 45 min from DNA extraction to the result display. Moreover, this platform topped germiculture and real-time PCR in terms of sensitivity or efficiency in clinical diagnoses of 66 samples. This platform possesses significant potential as a versatile approach and represents the premiere application of CRISPR for the non-invasive detection of H. pylori in companion animals, thereby mitigating the dissemination of H. pylori among household members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dafeng Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kai Liao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Biqi Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shuai Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Linjie Lv
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng Xue
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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4
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Binmaeil H, Hanafiah A, Mohamed Rose I, Raja Ali RA. Development and Validation of Multiplex Quantitative PCR Assay for Detection of Helicobacter pylori and Mutations Conferring Resistance to Clarithromycin and Levofloxacin in Gastric Biopsy. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:4129-4145. [PMID: 34675558 PMCID: PMC8502538 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s325056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims and Objectives More than half of the world's population is infected with Helicobacter pylori, which can cause chronic gastritis. WHO has regarded clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori as a high priority pathogen. Hence, accurate diagnosis and detection of clarithromycin- and levofloxacin-resistant H. pylori strains is essential for proper management of infection. The objective of this study was to develop and optimize multiplex quantitative PCR assay for detection of mutations associated with clarithromycin and levofloxacin resistance in H. pylori directly from the gastric biopsies. Materials and Methods Specific primers and probes were designed to amplify ureA and mutations in 23S rRNA and gyrA genes. Singleplex and triplex qPCR assays were optimized and the assay's sensitivities and specificities were determined. The optimized multiplex qPCR assay was performed on 571 gastric biopsies. Results In this study, 14.7% (84/571) of the gastric biopsies were positive for H. pylori by conventional methods and 23.8% (136/571) were positive by the ureA-qPCR with 96.4% sensitivity and 88.5% specificity, while the +LR and -LR were 8.72 and 0.04, respectively. The ureA-positive samples (n=136) were subjected to multiplex qPCR which detected A2142G and A2143G mutations in the 23S rRNA gene (20.6%, 28/136) conferring clarithromycin resistance and gyrA mutations N87K, N87I, D91N, and D91Y (11.8%, 16/136) leading to levofloxacin resistance. The sensitivity and specificity of qPCR of 23S rRNA gene were 100% and 98.7%, respectively, while 100% and 99.8% for qPCR of gyrA, respectively. Conclusion The effectiveness of this qPCR is that it is sensitive in detecting low bacterial load and will help in timely detection of clarithromycin- and levofloxacin-resistant strains, especially in case of mixed infections. Since it is culture independent, it can inform clinicians about antibiotics to be included in the first-line therapy, thereby improving the management of H. pylori infection at a much greater pace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasyanee Binmaeil
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Alfizah Hanafiah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia.,GUT Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Isa Mohamed Rose
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Raja Affendi Raja Ali
- GUT Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
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5
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Wang L, Cui K, Wang P, Pei M, Guo W. A sensitive electrochemical DNA sensor for detecting Helicobacter pylori based on accordion-like Ti 3C 2Tx: a simple strategy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:4353-4362. [PMID: 34013401 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel electrochemical DNA sensor was designed to detect Helicobacter pylori based on accordion-like Ti3C2Tx. Here the multilayer Ti3C2Tx obtained by DMSO delamination was used to modify the glass carbon electrode, with a large specific surface area and excellent conductivity. Au nanoparticles were supported on the modified electrode and worked as an effective carrier to fix the capture probe (cpDNA) with sulfhydryl group through the firm binding of Au-S bond. Such an accordion-like Ti3C2Tx structure provides an ultrahigh electroactive surface area and ample binding sites for accommodating Au nanoparticles, which is advantageous for the signal amplification during the detection. And further, the sandwich structure formed by hybridizing cpDNA with target DNA sequence (tDNA) and rpDNA (rpDNA is a strand of DNA that can be base-paired with the tested tDNA) increases greatly the current signal and enhances the sensitivity of the electrochemical DNA sensor. Under optimal conditions, the developed electrochemical DNA sensor showed a wide linear range from 10-11 to 10-14 M and a low detection limit of 1.6 × 10-16 M and exhibited good sensitivity, reproducibility, and stability. A novel electrochemical DNA sensor with simple sandwich structure was designed to detect H. pylori based on accordion-like Ti3C2Tx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China.
| | - Kaili Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Pengxiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Meishan Pei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjuan Guo
- Institute of Surface Analysis and Chemical Biology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China.
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6
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Hortelano I, Moreno MY, García-Hernández J, Ferrús MA. Optimization of pre- treatments with Propidium Monoazide and PEMAX™ before real-time quantitative PCR for detection and quantification of viable Helicobacter pylori cells. J Microbiol Methods 2021; 185:106223. [PMID: 33872638 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Accurate detection of H. pylori in different environmental and clinical samples is essential for public health strtdudies. Now, a big effort is being made to design PCR methodologies that allow for the detection of viable and viable but non-culturable (VBNC) H. pylori cells, by achieving complete exclusion of dead cells amplification signals. The use of DNA intercalating dyes has been proposed. However, its efficacy is still not well determined. In this study, we aimed to test the suitability of PMA and PEMAX™ dyes used prior to qPCR for only detecting viable cells of H. pylori. Their efficiency was evaluated with cells submitted to different disinfection treatments and confirmed by the absence of growth on culture media and by LIVE/DEAD counts. Our results indicated that an incubation period of 5 min for both, PMA and PEMAX™, did not affect viable cells. Our study also demonstrated that results obtained by using intercalating dyes may vary depending on the cell stress conditions. In all dead cell's samples, both PMA and PEMAX™ pre-qPCR treatments decreased the amplification signal (>103 Genomic Units (GU)), although none of them allowed for its disappearance confirming that intercalating dyes, although useful for screening purposes, cannot be considered as universal viability markers. To investigate the applicability of the method specifically to detect H. pylori cells in environmental samples, PMA-qPCR was performed on samples containing the different morphological and viability states that H. pylori can acquire in environment. The optimized PMA-qPCR methodology showed to be useful to detect mostly (but not only) viable forms, regardless the morphological state of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Hortelano
- Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - María Yolanda Moreno
- Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - María Antonia Ferrús
- Biotechnology Department, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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7
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Dey R, Rieger A, Banting G, Ashbolt NJ. Role of amoebae for survival and recovery of 'non-culturable' Helicobacter pylori cells in aquatic environments. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 96:5902844. [PMID: 32897313 PMCID: PMC7494403 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a fastidious Gram-negative bacterium that infects over half of the world's population, causing chronic gastritis and is a risk factor for stomach cancer. In developing and rural regions where prevalence rate exceeds 60%, persistence and waterborne transmission are often linked to poor sanitation conditions. Here we demonstrate that H. pylori not only survives but also replicates within acidified free-living amoebal phagosomes. Bacterial counts of the clinical isolate H. pylori G27 increased over 50-fold after three days in co-culture with amoebae. In contrast, a H. pylori mutant deficient in a cagPAI gene (cagE) showed little growth within amoebae, demonstrating the likely importance of a type IV secretion system in H. pylori for amoebal infection. We also demonstrate that H. pylori can be packaged by amoebae and released in extracellular vesicles. Furthermore, and for the first time, we successfully demonstrate the ability of two free-living amoebae to revert and recover viable but non-cultivable coccoid (VBNC)-H. pylori to a culturable state. Our studies provide evidence to support the hypothesis that amoebae and perhaps other free-living protozoa contribute to the replication and persistence of human-pathogenic H. pylori by providing a protected intracellular microenvironment for this pathogen to persist in natural aquatic environments and engineered water systems, thereby H. pylori potentially uses amoeba as a carrier and a vector of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafik Dey
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta,11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada.,Deparment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Aja Rieger
- Deparment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Graham Banting
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta,11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Ashbolt
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta,11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada.,Deparment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada.,Provincial Laboratory for Public Health (ProvLab), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Canada.,School of Environmental, Sciense and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore NSW, Australia
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8
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Biofilm Formation as a Complex Result of Virulence and Adaptive Responses of Helicobacter pylori. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9121062. [PMID: 33353223 PMCID: PMC7766044 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9121062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that is capable of colonizing a host for many years, often for a lifetime. The survival in the gastric environment is enabled by the production of numerous virulence factors conditioning adhesion to the mucosa surface, acquisition of nutrients, and neutralization of the immune system activity. It is increasingly recognized, however, that the adaptive mechanisms of H. pylori in the stomach may also be linked to the ability of this pathogen to form biofilms. Initially, biofilms produced by H. pylori were strongly associated by scientists with water distribution systems and considered as a survival mechanism outside the host and a source of fecal-oral infections. In the course of the last 20 years, however, this trend has changed and now the most attention is focused on the biomedical aspect of this structure and its potential contribution to the therapeutic difficulties of H. pylori. Taking into account this fact, the aim of the current review is to discuss the phenomenon of H. pylori biofilm formation and present this mechanism as a resultant of the virulence and adaptive responses of H. pylori, including morphological transformation, membrane vesicles secretion, matrix production, efflux pump activity, and intermicrobial communication. These mechanisms will be considered in the context of transcriptomic and proteomic changes in H. pylori biofilms and their modulating effect on the development of this complex structure.
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9
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Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj SK, Bhatt D, Lim DK, Kim KH, Deep A. Optical detection of waterborne pathogens using nanomaterials. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Quaglia NC, Dambrosio A. Helicobacter pylori: A foodborne pathogen? World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:3472-3487. [PMID: 30131654 PMCID: PMC6102504 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i31.3472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an organism that is widespread in the human population and is sometimes responsible for some of the most common chronic clinical disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract in humans, such as chronic-active gastritis, duodenal and gastric ulcer disease, low-grade B-cell mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the stomach, and gastric adenocarcinoma, which is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The routes of infection have not yet been firmly established, and different routes of transmission have been suggested, although the most commonly accepted hypothesis is that infection takes place through the faecal-oral route and that contaminated water and foods might play an important role in transmission of the microorganism to humans. Furthermore, several authors have considered H. pylori to be a foodborne pathogen because of some of its microbiological and epidemiological characteristics. H. pylori has been detected in drinking water, seawater, vegetables and foods of animal origin. H. pylori survives in complex foodstuffs such as milk, vegetables and ready-to-eat foods. This review article presents an overview of the present knowledge on the microbiological aspects in terms of phenotypic characteristics and growth requirements of H. pylori, focusing on the potential role that foodstuffs and water may play in the transmission of the pathogen to humans and the methods successfully used for the detection of this microorganism in foodstuffs and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta C Quaglia
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Veterinary Clinic and Animal Production, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Valenzano 70010, Italy
| | - Angela Dambrosio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Veterinary Clinic and Animal Production, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Valenzano 70010, Italy
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11
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Sakudo A, Miyagi H, Horikawa T, Yamashiro R, Misawa T. Treatment of Helicobacter pylori with dielectric barrier discharge plasma causes UV induced damage to genomic DNA leading to cell death. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 200:366-372. [PMID: 29494918 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal endoscopy is an important tool for the indentification and treatment of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. However, nosocomial infections of Helicobacter pylori have been linked to the use of contaminated endoscopes. Disinfectants such as glutaraldehyde, ortho-phthalaldehyde and peracetic acid are generally used in the reprocesssing of endoscopes, but these chemicals are hazardous to human health. Thus, safer reprocessing and disinfecion methods are needed. In this study, we applied a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma torch for inactivation of H. pylori to investigate a potential new methodology to disinfect endoscopes. Suspensions of H. pylori in 10% glycerol were subjected to the DBD plasma torch, which reduced the viable cell count to undetectable levels after 2 min of treatment. Furthermore, urease activity of H. pylori was eliminated after 2 min-plasma treatment, while plasma-treatment reduced the intact DNA of H. pylori in a time-dependent manner. Next, we examined several potential bactericidal factors produced by the DBD plasma torch. Two min-plasma treatment resulted in a small temperature rise (4 °C), ultraviolet radiation (UV) generation, and the production of hydrogen peroxide. H. pylori samples were then exposed to equivalent levels of each of these factors in turn. Our results showed that treatment with heat and hydrogen peroxide at the levels produced after 2-min of plasma treatment did not efficiently inactivate H. pylori, whereas exposure to UV had a significant bactericidal effect. Taken together, UV generated by the plasma torch may be crucial for efficient inactivation of H. pylori by damaging the bacterial DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akikazu Sakudo
- Laboratory of Biometabolic Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.
| | - Hirotoshi Miyagi
- Laboratory of Biometabolic Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Takaya Horikawa
- Laboratory of Biometabolic Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Risa Yamashiro
- Laboratory of Biometabolic Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Misawa
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan
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12
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Liu L, Cloutier M, Craiovan E, Edwards M, Frey SK, Gottschall N, Lapen DR, Sunohara M, Topp E, Khan IUH. Quantitative real-time PCR-based assessment of tile drainage management influences on bacterial pathogens in tile drainage and groundwater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 624:1586-1597. [PMID: 29929267 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the impact of controlled tile drainage (CD) and freely draining (FD) systems on the prevalence and quantitative real-time PCR-based enumeration of four major pathogens including Arcobacter butzleri, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Helicobacter pylori in tile- and groundwater following a fall liquid swine manure (LSM) application on clay loam field plots. Although the prevalence of all target pathogens were detected in CD and FD systems, the loads of A. butzleri, C. jejuni, and C. coli were significantly lower in CD tile-water (p<0.05), in relation to FD tile-water. However, concentrations of A. butzleri were significantly greater in CD than FD tile-water (p<0.05). In shallow groundwater (1.2m depth), concentrations of A. butzleri, C. coli, and H. pylori showed no significant difference between CD and FD plots, while C. jejuni concentrations were significantly higher in FD plots (p<0.05). No impact of CD on the H. pylori was observed since quantitative detection in tile- and groundwater was scarce. Although speculative, H. pylori occurrence may have been related to the application of municipal biosolids four years prior to the LSM experiment. Overall, CD can be used to help minimize off-field export of pathogens into surface waters following manure applications to land, thereby reducing waterborne pathogen exposure risks to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Liu
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0C6
| | - Michel Cloutier
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0C6
| | - Emilia Craiovan
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0C6
| | - Mark Edwards
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0C6
| | - Steven K Frey
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0C6; Aquanty Inc., 564 Weber Street North, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 5C6
| | - Natalie Gottschall
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0C6
| | - David R Lapen
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0C6
| | - Mark Sunohara
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0C6
| | - Edward Topp
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada, N5V 4T3
| | - Izhar U H Khan
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0C6.
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13
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Deenonpoe R, Mairiang E, Mairiang P, Pairojkul C, Chamgramol Y, Rinaldi G, Loukas A, Brindley PJ, Sripa B. Elevated prevalence of Helicobacter species and virulence factors in opisthorchiasis and associated hepatobiliary disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42744. [PMID: 28198451 PMCID: PMC5309894 DOI: 10.1038/srep42744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports suggest that Opisthorchis viverrini serves as a reservoir of Helicobacter and implicate Helicobacter in pathogenesis of opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Here, 553 age-sex matched cases and controls, 293 and 260 positive and negative for liver fluke O. viverrini eggs, of residents in Northeastern Thailand were investigated for associations among infection with liver fluke, Helicobacter and hepatobiliary fibrosis. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was higher in O. viverrini-infected than uninfected participants. H. pylori bacterial load correlated positively with intensity of O. viverrini infection, and participants with opisthorchiasis exhibited higher frequency of virulent cagA-positive H. pylori than those free of fluke infection. Genotyping of cagA from feces of both infected and uninfected participants revealed that the AB genotype accounted for 78% and Western type 22%. Participants infected with O. viverrini exhibited higher prevalence of typical Western type (EPIYA ABC) and variant AB'C type (EPIYT B) CagA. Multivariate analyses among H. pylori virulence genes and severity of hepatobiliary disease revealed positive correlations between biliary periductal fibrosis during opisthorchiasis and CagA and CagA with CagA multimerization (CM) sequence-positive H. pylori. These findings support the hypothesis that H. pylori contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic opisthorchiasis and specifically to opisthorchiasis-associated CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raksawan Deenonpoe
- Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Eimorn Mairiang
- Departments of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Pisaln Mairiang
- Departments of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Chawalit Pairojkul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Yaovalux Chamgramol
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Gabriel Rinaldi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Tropical Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine &Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health &Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, 4878, Australia
| | - Paul J Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Tropical Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine &Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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14
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Detection of Helicobacter pylori in Drinking Water by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.41895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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15
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Servetas SL, Carpenter BM, Haley KP, Gilbreath JJ, Gaddy JA, Merrell DS. Characterization of Key Helicobacter pylori Regulators Identifies a Role for ArsRS in Biofilm Formation. J Bacteriol 2016; 198:2536-48. [PMID: 27432830 PMCID: PMC4999924 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00324-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Helicobacter pylori must be able to rapidly respond to fluctuating conditions within the stomach. Despite this need for constant adaptation, H. pylori encodes few regulatory proteins. Of the identified regulators, the ferric uptake regulator (Fur), the nickel response regulator (NikR), and the two-component acid response system (ArsRS) are each paramount to the success of this pathogen. While numerous studies have individually examined these regulatory proteins, little is known about their combined effect. Therefore, we constructed a series of isogenic mutant strains that contained all possible single, double, and triple regulatory mutations in Fur, NikR, and ArsS. A growth curve analysis revealed minor variation in growth kinetics across the strains; these were most pronounced in the triple mutant and in strains lacking ArsS. Visual analysis showed that strains lacking ArsS formed large aggregates and a biofilm-like matrix at the air-liquid interface. Biofilm quantification using crystal violet assays and visualization via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that all strains lacking ArsS or containing a nonphosphorylatable form of ArsR (ArsR-D52N mutant) formed significantly more biofilm than the wild-type strain. Molecular characterization of biofilm formation showed that strains containing mutations in the ArsRS pathway displayed increased levels of cell aggregation and adherence, both of which are key to biofilm development. Furthermore, SEM analysis revealed prevalent coccoid cells and extracellular matrix formation in the ArsR-D52N, ΔnikR ΔarsS, and Δfur ΔnikR ΔarsS mutant strains, suggesting that these strains may have an exacerbated stress response that further contributes to biofilm formation. Thus, H. pylori ArsRS has a previously unrecognized role in biofilm formation. IMPORTANCE Despite a paucity of regulatory proteins, adaptation is key to the survival of H. pylori within the stomach. While prior studies have focused on individual regulatory proteins, such as Fur, NikR, and ArsRS, few studies have examined the combined effect of these factors. Analysis of isogenic mutant strains that contained all possible single, double, and triple regulatory mutations in Fur, NikR, and ArsS revealed a previously unrecognized role for the acid-responsive two-component system ArsRS in biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Servetas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Beth M Carpenter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathryn P Haley
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeremy J Gilbreath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer A Gaddy
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA Tennessee Valley Health Care Systems, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - D Scott Merrell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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16
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Bai X, Xi C, Wu J. Survival of Helicobacter pylori in the wastewater treatment process and the receiving river in Michigan, USA. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2016; 14:692-698. [PMID: 27441864 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2016.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Contaminated water may play a key role in the transmission of Helicobacter pylori, resulting in gastrointestinal diseases in humans. The wastewater treatment process is an important barrier to control the transmission of H. pylori. However, the presence and viability of H. pylori in the treatment process is not well known. In this paper, the real colony morphology of H. pylori was confirmed by two types of culture media. The survival of H. pylori through the tertiary wastewater treatment process, especially UV disinfection, and in the receiving Huron River in Ann Arbor, Michigan, was investigated by plates cultivation, regular polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and quantitative real-time PCR from DNA. The results demonstrated that H. pylori was not only present, but also viable in all processed wastewater samples in the Ann Arbor wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). H. pylori can be found in a higher concentration in the receiving Huron River. There are many kinds of antibiotic- and UV-resistant bacteria, including H. pylori, in the final effluent of Ann Arbor WWTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China E-mail:
| | - Chuanwu Xi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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17
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Deenonpoe R, Chomvarin C, Pairojkul C, Chamgramol Y, Loukas A, Brindley PJ, Sripa B. The carcinogenic liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini is a reservoir for species of Helicobacter. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:1751-8. [PMID: 25773821 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.5.1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a strong, positive correlation between opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma and infection with Helicobacter. Here a rodent model of human infection with Opisthorchis viverrini was utilized to further investigate relationships of apparent co-infections with O. viverrini and H. pylori. A total of 150 hamsters were assigned to five groups: i) Control hamsters not infected with O. viverrini; ii) O. viverrini-infected hamsters; iii) non-O. viverrini infected hamsters treated with antibiotics (ABx); iv) O. viverrini-infected hamsters treated with ABx; and v) O. viverrini-infected hamsters treated both with ABx and praziquantel (PZQ). Stomach, gallbladder, liver, colonic tissue, colorectal feces and O. viverrini worms were collected and the presence of species of Helicobacter determined by PCR-based approaches. In addition, O. viverrini worms were cultured in vitro with and without ABx for four weeks, after which the presence of Helicobacter spp. was determined. In situ localization of H. pylori and Helicobacter-like species was performed using a combination of histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. The prevalence of H. pylori infection in O. viverrini-infected hamsters was significantly higher than that of O. viverrini-uninfected hamsters (p≤0.001). Interestingly, O. viverrini-infected hamsters treated with ABx and PZQ (to remove the flukes) had a significantly lower frequency of H. pylori than either O. viverrini- infected hamsters treated only with ABx or O. viverrini-infected hamsters, respectively (p≤0.001). Quantitative RT-PCR strongly confirmed the correlation between intensity H. pylori infection and the presence of liver fluke infection. In vitro, H. pylori could be detected in the O. viverrini worms cultured with ABx over four weeks. In situ localization revealed H. pylori and other Helicobacter-like bacteria in worm gut. The findings indicate that the liver fluke O. viverrini in the biliary tree of the hamsters harbors H. pylori and Helicobacter-like bacteria. Accordingly, the association between O. viverrini and H. pylori may be an obligatory mutualism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raksawan Deenonpoe
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand E-mail :
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18
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Santiago P, Moreno Y, Ferrús MA. Identification of Viable Helicobacter pylori in Drinking Water Supplies by Cultural and Molecular Techniques. Helicobacter 2015; 20:252-9. [PMID: 25655472 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common causes of chronic bacterial infection in humans, directly related to peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. It has been suggested that H. pylori can be acquired through different transmission routes, including water. In this study, culture and qPCR were used to detect and identify the presence of H. pylori in drinking water. Furthermore, the combined techniques PMA-qPCR and DVC-FISH were applied for detection of viable cells of H. pylori. RESULTS Among 24 drinking water samples, 16 samples were positive for the presence of H. pylori, but viable cells were only detected in six samples. Characteristic colonies, covered by a mass of bacterial unspecific growth, were observed on selective agar plates from an only sample, after enrichment. The mixed culture was submitted to DVC-FISH and qPCR analysis, followed by sequencing of the amplicons. Molecular techniques confirmed the growth of H. pylori on the agar plate. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate for the first time that H. pylori can survive and be potentially infective in drinking water, showing that water distribution systems could be a potential route for H. pylori transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Santiago
- Biotechnology Department, Polytechnic University of Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Moreno
- Research Institute of Water and Environmental Ingeneering (IIAMA), Polytechnic University of Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Antonía Ferrús
- Biotechnology Department, Polytechnic University of Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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19
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Percival SL, Suleman L. Biofilms and Helicobacter pylori: Dissemination and persistence within the environment and host. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2014; 5:122-132. [PMID: 25133015 PMCID: PMC4133512 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v5.i3.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of viable Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in the environment is considered to contribute to the levels of H. pylori found in the human population, which also aids to increase its genetic variability and its environmental adaptability and persistence. H. pylori form biofilms both within the in vitro and in vivo environment. This represents an important attribute that assists the survival of this bacterium within environments that are both hostile and adverse to proliferation. It is the aim of this paper to review the ability of H. pylori to form biofilms in vivo and in vitro and to address the inherent mechanisms considered to significantly enhance its persistence within the host and in external environments. Furthermore, the dissemination of H. pylori in the external environment and within the human body and its impact upon infection control will be discussed.
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20
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Holman CB, Bachoon DS, Otero E, Ramsubhag A. Detection of Helicobacter pylori in the coastal waters of Georgia, Puerto Rico and Trinidad. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 79:354-8. [PMID: 24332757 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Fecal pollution in the coastal marine environments was assessed at eleven sampling locations along the Georgia coast and Trinidad, and nine sites from Puerto-Rico. Membrane filtration (EPA method 1604 and method 1600) was utilized for Escherichia coli and enterococci enumeration at each location. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) amplification of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was used to determine the presence of the Helicobacter pylori in marine samples. There was no significant correlation between the levels of E. coli, enterococci and H. pylori in these water samples. H. pylori was detected at four of the 31 locations sampled; Oak Grove Island and Village Creek Landing in Georgia, Maracas river in Trinidad, and Ceiba Creek in Puerto Rico. The study confirms the potential public health risk to humans due to the widespread distribution of H. pylori in subtropical and tropical costal marine waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea B Holman
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University, Campus Box 81, Milledgeville, GA 31061-0490, USA
| | - D S Bachoon
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University, Campus Box 81, Milledgeville, GA 31061-0490, USA.
| | - Ernesto Otero
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus, P.O. Box 9000, Mayaguez 00681, Puerto Rico
| | - Adesh Ramsubhag
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
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McLean JS, Lombardo MJ, Badger JH, Edlund A, Novotny M, Yee-Greenbaum J, Vyahhi N, Hall AP, Yang Y, Dupont CL, Ziegler MG, Chitsaz H, Allen AE, Yooseph S, Tesler G, Pevzner PA, Friedman RM, Nealson KH, Venter JC, Lasken RS. Candidate phylum TM6 genome recovered from a hospital sink biofilm provides genomic insights into this uncultivated phylum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:E2390-9. [PMID: 23754396 PMCID: PMC3696752 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1219809110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The "dark matter of life" describes microbes and even entire divisions of bacterial phyla that have evaded cultivation and have yet to be sequenced. We present a genome from the globally distributed but elusive candidate phylum TM6 and uncover its metabolic potential. TM6 was detected in a biofilm from a sink drain within a hospital restroom by analyzing cells using a highly automated single-cell genomics platform. We developed an approach for increasing throughput and effectively improving the likelihood of sampling rare events based on forming small random pools of single-flow-sorted cells, amplifying their DNA by multiple displacement amplification and sequencing all cells in the pool, creating a "mini-metagenome." A recently developed single-cell assembler, SPAdes, in combination with contig binning methods, allowed the reconstruction of genomes from these mini-metagenomes. A total of 1.07 Mb was recovered in seven contigs for this member of TM6 (JCVI TM6SC1), estimated to represent 90% of its genome. High nucleotide identity between a total of three TM6 genome drafts generated from pools that were independently captured, amplified, and assembled provided strong confirmation of a correct genomic sequence. TM6 is likely a Gram-negative organism and possibly a symbiont of an unknown host (nonfree living) in part based on its small genome, low-GC content, and lack of biosynthesis pathways for most amino acids and vitamins. Phylogenomic analysis of conserved single-copy genes confirms that TM6SC1 is a deeply branching phylum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S McLean
- Microbial and Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Genome of the pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis recovered from a biofilm in a hospital sink using a high-throughput single-cell genomics platform. Genome Res 2013; 23:867-77. [PMID: 23564253 PMCID: PMC3638142 DOI: 10.1101/gr.150433.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although biofilms have been shown to be reservoirs of pathogens, our knowledge of the microbial diversity in biofilms within critical areas, such as health care facilities, is limited. Available methods for pathogen identification and strain typing have some inherent restrictions. In particular, culturing will yield only a fraction of the species present, PCR of virulence or marker genes is mainly focused on a handful of known species, and shotgun metagenomics is limited in the ability to detect strain variations. In this study, we present a single-cell genome sequencing approach to address these limitations and demonstrate it by specifically targeting bacterial cells within a complex biofilm from a hospital bathroom sink drain. A newly developed, automated platform was used to generate genomic DNA by the multiple displacement amplification (MDA) technique from hundreds of single cells in parallel. MDA reactions were screened and classified by 16S rRNA gene PCR sequence, which revealed a broad range of bacteria covering 25 different genera representing environmental species, human commensals, and opportunistic human pathogens. Here we focus on the recovery of a nearly complete genome representing a novel strain of the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis JCVI SC001) using the single-cell assembly tool SPAdes. Single-cell genomics is becoming an accepted method to capture novel genomes, primarily in the marine and soil environments. Here we show for the first time that it also enables comparative genomic analysis of strain variation in a pathogen captured from complex biofilm samples in a healthcare facility.
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Izadi F, Ahmadi A, Ghourchian S, Daneshi A, Memari F, Khadivi E, Mohammadi S. Detection of helicobacter pylori in benign laryngeal lesions by polymerase chain reaction: a cross sectional study. Infect Agent Cancer 2012; 7:10. [PMID: 22515206 PMCID: PMC3405417 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-7-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Helicobacter Pylori (HP) was detected in some cases of chronic laryngitis, the results were not confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). By this time, it has not been found in laryngeal lesions by in house PCR, the most sensitive method for detecting the genome tracks. Regarding the previous results and also few numbers of studies about the presence of HP in benign laryngeal lesions, specifically by PCR, we aimed to investigate the presence of HP in benign laryngeal lesions by in-house PCR. METHODS The samples were taken from 55 patients with benign laryngeal lesions and frozen in -20°C. One milliliter (ml) of lysis buffer was added to 100 mg (mg) of each sample and the tube was placed in 56°C overnight. Then DNA extraction was carried out. RESULTS To find HP DNA, in-house PCR was performed that revealed 5 positive results among 55 patients with benign laryngeal lesions. Of them, 3 were polyp, 1 was nodule and 1 was papilloma. CONCLUSION Although the number of positive results was not a lot in this study, it was in contrast with previous studies which could not find any HP tracks in benign laryngeal lesions by other methods. More studies about the prevalence of HP in benign laryngeal lesions improve judging about the effect of this infection on benign laryngeal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Izadi
- Head and Neck Research Center, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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24
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Determination of risk factors and transmission pathways of Helicobacter pylori in asymptomatic subjects in Western India using polymerase chain reaction. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(12)60004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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Goh KL, Chan WK, Shiota S, Yamaoka Y. Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection and public health implications. Helicobacter 2011; 16 Suppl 1:1-9. [PMID: 21896079 PMCID: PMC3719046 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2011.00874.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes studies on the epidemiology and public health implications of Helicobacter pylori published in peer-reviewed journals from April 2010 through March 2011. Prevalence rates vary widely between different geographical regions and ethnic groups. An interesting study from the USA identified the degree of African ancestry as an independent predictor of H. pylori infection. Two studies have demonstrated early childhood as the period of transmission of infection and identified an infected sibling as an important risk factor. An oral-oral route of spread has been substantiated with several studies showing the presence of H. pylori in the oral cavity. Studies have shown the presence of H. pylori in drinking water and the role of poor living conditions and sanitation in H. pylori infection, supporting an oral-fecal route of spread. Screening for H. pylori as a gastric cancer pre-screening strategy has been described in Japan, and the importance of H. pylori eradication as a gastric cancer-prevention strategy has now been further emphasized in Japanese guidelines. Two studies have shown a decrease in the burden of dyspepsia and peptic ulcer disease with H. pylori eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khean-Lee Goh
- Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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26
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Goh KL, Chan WK, Shiota S, Yamaoka Y. Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection and public health implications. Helicobacter 2011. [PMID: 21896079 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2011.00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes studies on the epidemiology and public health implications of Helicobacter pylori published in peer-reviewed journals from April 2010 through March 2011. Prevalence rates vary widely between different geographical regions and ethnic groups. An interesting study from the USA identified the degree of African ancestry as an independent predictor of H. pylori infection. Two studies have demonstrated early childhood as the period of transmission of infection and identified an infected sibling as an important risk factor. An oral-oral route of spread has been substantiated with several studies showing the presence of H. pylori in the oral cavity. Studies have shown the presence of H. pylori in drinking water and the role of poor living conditions and sanitation in H. pylori infection, supporting an oral-fecal route of spread. Screening for H. pylori as a gastric cancer pre-screening strategy has been described in Japan, and the importance of H. pylori eradication as a gastric cancer-prevention strategy has now been further emphasized in Japanese guidelines. Two studies have shown a decrease in the burden of dyspepsia and peptic ulcer disease with H. pylori eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khean-Lee Goh
- Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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27
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Wingender J. Hygienically Relevant Microorganisms in Biofilms of Man-Made Water Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-19940-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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28
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Suhaila N, Hussin S, Rahman MM. Comparative efficacy sensitivity and specificity of the tests used for the Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori. Pak J Biol Sci 2011; 13:1057-61. [PMID: 21313878 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2010.1057.1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: A total number of 157 samples were examined by 4 different tests-In-house rapid urease (iRUT), Culture, Histopathology and Immunochromatography (Immuno CardSTAT) for the detection of Helicobacter pylori from the patients reported to Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia during 2007 to 2008. Out of the samples examined 47 (29.9%) were positive for H. pylori by the tests used in the laboratory. Efficacy of detection of the bacteria by the tests- In-house rapid urease, Culture, Histopathology and Immuno CardSTAT were 31.8, 13.9, 30.3 and 32.8%, respectively. However, sensitivity and specificity of the iRUT were 91.5 and 93.6%, respectively and the Positive Predictive Value (PPV) was 86% and the Negative Predictive Value (NPV) was 96.3%. The sensitivity for Immuno CardSTAT rapid test was 100% and the specificity was 79.3%. The PPV was 50% and the NPV was 100%. Convenient methods to the authors were 'In house rapid urease test and Immunochromatography though variability of specificities were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Suhaila
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, National University Malaysia, Cheras-56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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