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Sadeghi M, Sadeghifar M, Golshahi J, Khani A, Rouhani S, Shokri K, Rabiei K. Exposure to occupational air pollution and vascular endothelial dysfunction in workers of the steel industry in Iran. Toxicol Ind Health 2024; 40:425-431. [PMID: 38743474 DOI: 10.1177/07482337241254630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution is recognized as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases; however, the precise underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the impact of occupational air pollution exposure on endothelial function in workers within the steel industry. Specifically, we examined male employees in the coke-making division of the Isfahan Steel Company in Iran, as well as those in administrative roles with no known history of cardiovascular risk. Data on age, body mass index, duration of employment, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, and lipid profile were collected. To assess endothelial function, flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was measured. The baseline brachial artery diameter was greater (mean difference [95% CI] = 0.068 mm [0.008 to 0.128]), while the FMD was lower (mean difference [95% CI] = -0.908 % [-1.740 to -0.075]) in the coke-making group than in the control group. After controlling for potential confounding variables, it was observed that working in the coke-making sector of the industry was associated with lower FMD (F = 3.954, p = .049). These findings indicated that occupational air pollution exposure among workers in the steel industry is linked to impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Sadeghi
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Sadeghifar
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jafar Golshahi
- Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azam Khani
- Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sina Rouhani
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kasra Shokri
- Chamran Cardiovascular Medical and Research Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Katayoun Rabiei
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Srinivasan N, Gullapalli N, Shah KS. Highlighting the South Asian Heart Failure Epidemic. Card Fail Rev 2024; 10:e07. [PMID: 39144581 PMCID: PMC11322948 DOI: 10.15420/cfr.2023.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) remains a progressive syndrome with high morbidity and mortality, and accounts for many hospitalisations globally with a downstream impact of increasing healthcare costs. South Asian individuals account for most of the global burden of non-communicable diseases. In this systematic review, a literature search was performed for all studies focusing on South Asians and HF using PubMed as the primary research tool and citations were included from relevant MEDLINE-indexed journals. Upon identification of relevant studies, pertinent data points were extracted systematically from each eligible study. South Asians have an earlier age of onset of many non-communicable diseases compared to other ethnic groups worldwide, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Given the large number of South Asians impacted by CVD and both traditional and non-traditional risk factors for CVD, HF has the potential to become an epidemic among South Asians across the world. Individuals of South Asian origin are at elevated risk for CVD compared to many other populations and should be followed closely for the potential development of HF. This review describes what is unique to South Asian individuals at risk for and with established HF, as well as management and prognostic considerations. Future directions and potential policy changes are highlighted that can reduce the HF burden among South Asians globally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nagesh Gullapalli
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT, US
| | - Kevin S Shah
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT, US
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Gami A, Bisht S, Satish P, Blaha MJ, Patel J. The utility of coronary artery calcium scoring to enhance cardiovascular risk assessment for South Asian adults. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 84:7-13. [PMID: 38723928 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
South Asian individuals represent a highly diverse population and are one of the fastest growing ethnic groups in the United States. This population has a high prevalence of traditional and non-traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and a disproportionately high prevalence of coronary heart disease. To reflect this, current national society guidelines have designated South Asian ancestry as a "risk enhancing factor" which may be used to guide initiation or intensification of statin therapy. However, current methods of assessing cardiovascular risk in South Asian adults may not adequately capture the true risk in this diverse population. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring provides a reliable, reproducible, and highly personalized method to provide CVD risk assessment and inform subsequent pharmacotherapy recommendations, if indicated. This review describes the utility of CAC scoring for South Asian individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Gami
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sushrit Bisht
- Anne Arundel Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Annapolis, MD, USA
| | - Priyanka Satish
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, TX, USA
| | - Michael J Blaha
- South Asian Cardiovascular Health Initiative (SACHI), Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jaideep Patel
- South Asian Cardiovascular Health Initiative (SACHI), Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Liu S, Lv Y, Zhang Y, Suo H, Wang F, Gao S. Global trends and burden of stroke attributable to particulate matter pollution from 1990 to 2019. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 274:116205. [PMID: 38503105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between particulate matter and the incidence, disability, and mortality of stroke, we reported the burden of stroke attributable to particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution, including ambient particulate matter pollution (APMP) and household air pollution from solid fuels (HAP), from 1990 to 2019. METHODS We retrieved the detailed data on the burden of stroke attributable to PM2.5 from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019. The number of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and deaths, age-standardized death rates (ASMR), and age-standardized disability-adjusted life-years rates (ASDR) attributable to PM2.5 were estimated by age, sex, geographical location, socio-demographic index (SDI), and stroke subtypes (ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage). The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to assess the trends in ASDR and ASMR during the period 1990-2019. RESULTS Regarding stroke subtypes, the proportion of ischemic stroke burden is increasing, while intracerebral hemorrhage carries the heaviest burden. Both APMP and HAP contributed the most to stroke-related deaths and DALYs of stroke among the elderly populations and males. The highest ASDR and ASMR of stroke attributable to APMP were in the middle SDI regions, especially in East Asia. For HAP, the highest ASDR and ASMR were in the low SDI regions, mainly in Oceania. From 1990-2019, in terms of the EAPC results, APMP caused an increased burden of stroke, whereas the impact of HAP significantly fell. The most pronounced increase in ASDR and ASMR for strokes attributed to APMP were in the low-middle SDI and low SDI regions, particularly among the 25-35 age group. CONCLUSIONS Stroke attributed to PM2.5 is a global health problem, and the patterns and trends were heterogeneous across APMP and HAP. Targeted interventions should be formulated for APMP and HAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yanming Lv
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Huimin Suo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shuying Gao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Yang S, Feng C, Fei T, Wu D, Feng L, Yuan F, Fu Y, Ma H, Yu B, Liu L, Li Y, Li Y, Huang Y, Su L, Pei X, Yang W, Yang Y, Zeng Y, Ye L, Yang H, Gong Y, Zhang L, Yuan D, Liang S, Jia P. Mortality risk of people living with HIV under hypothetical intervention scenarios of PM2.5 and HIV severity: a prospective cohort study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:169938. [PMID: 38199346 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This study estimated and compared mortality risks among people living with HIV (PLWH) under the real-world and hypothetical scenarios of PM2.5 concentrations and HIV severity. An open cohort from all PLWH receiving antiretroviral therapy in Sichuan during 2010-2019 was constructed, resulting in 541,515 person-years. Annual mean concentrations of PM2.5 were estimated and linked to PLWH by their residential address. The parametric g-formula were used to assess 3- and 5-year mortality risks under the real-world and hypothetical scenarios of PM2.5 (10-35, 35-50, 50-75 μg/m3) and CD4 concentrations (0-200, 200-500, 500-800, 800-1100 counts/μl). The estimated 3- and 5-year mortality risks among the PLWH were 14.43 % and 19.38 %, respectively, which would decrease substantially when annual PM2.5 concentration were reduced to between 10 and 35 μg/m3 (risk difference [RD] = -3.23 % and - 4.06 %) and would increase when PM2.5 concentration were elevated to between 50 and 75 μg/m3 (RD = 3.59 % and 5.04 %). The mortality risk would increase when CD4 concentration were reduced to <200 counts/μl (RD = 15.90 % and 20.27 %) and would decrease when CD4 concentration were ≥ 200 counts/μl, especially to between 800 and 1100 counts/μl (RD = -9.01 % and - 11.75 %). The elevated concentration of PM2.5 may disproportionately affect individuals with immune deficiency, especially those with more severity. The findings would serve as justifications for future intervention design and policy making to alleviate air pollution and improve environmental justice and health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Yang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Health (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanteng Feng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu, China
| | - Teng Fei
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Wu
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Liao Feng
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengshun Yuan
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Fu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Ma
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Yu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Liu
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Yizhuo Li
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiping Li
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuling Huang
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Su
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaodi Pei
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Yihui Yang
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Yali Zeng
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Ye
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Linglin Zhang
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Yuan
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China.
| | - Shu Liang
- Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China.
| | - Peng Jia
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Health (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China; School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Irfan H. Air pollution and cardiovascular health in South Asia: A comprehensive review. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102199. [PMID: 37977414 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a pressing environmental health concern, with a growing impact on developing nations, particularly in South Asia. Extensive research has linked air pollution to various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In South Asia, air pollution is a critical issue, with a high concentration of the world's most polluted cities and widespread exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5) exceeding World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. WHO reports that outdoor and indoor air pollution together claim 7 million lives annually. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ground-level ozone are prominent culprits. South Asia, with 60 % of its population exposed to hazardous pollution levels, is home to 37 of the world's 40 most polluted cities. PM2.5 concentrations in South Asia often exceed WHO guidelines by up to 20 times. Air pollution in this region, driven by factors such as crop stubble burning, is a leading cause of CVD. Studies in the region have revealed a significant correlation between PM2.5 levels and CVDs, with fine particles originating from sources like industrial emissions and traffic playing a central role in cardiovascular health deterioration. Exposure to PM2.5 leads to oxidative stress, inflammation, and hypercoagulability, increasing the risk of conditions such as ischemic heart disease and stroke. In South Asia, the burden of CVDs associated with air pollution is substantial, with millions of premature deaths attributed to outdoor and indoor air pollution. To mitigate this crisis, a multifaceted approach is essential, encompassing public awareness, air quality regulation, cleaner energy sources, and measures to reduce crop stubble burning. Additionally, further research is crucial to understanding the complex relationship between air pollution and CVDs in South Asia, as it offers avenues for prevention and control, potentially saving lives and improving public health in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Irfan
- Department of Cardiology, Sheikh Zayed Medical Complex, Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Medical and Dental College, G855+XRM Khayaban-e-Jamia Punjab, Block D Muslim Town, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Alexandrino K, Sánchez NE, Viteri F. Levels and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) near hospitals and schools using leaves and barks of Sambucus nigra and Acacia melanoxylon. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:32. [PMID: 38227159 PMCID: PMC10791842 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01825-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the most studied organic compounds in urban environments, due to their known threat to human health. This study extends the current knowledge regarding the ability of different vegetative parts of different tree species to accumulate PAHs. Moreover, exposure intensity to PAHs in areas frequented by population susceptible to adverse health effects of air pollution is evaluated. For this, leaves and barks of Sambucus nigra (S. nigra) and Acacia melanoxylon (A. melanoxylon) were collected at urban areas in the Andean city of Quito, at seven points near hospitals and schools. A methodology, previously developed, for the extraction, purification, and quantification of PAHs associated with the leaves and bark of S. nigra was employed and also validated for leaves and bark of A. melanoxylon. The total PAH level varied from 119.65 ng g-1 DW (dry weight) to 1969.98 ng g-1 DW (dry weight) with naphthalene (Naph), fluoranthene (Flt), pyrene (Pyr), chrysene (Chry), and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) predominating in all samples. The results indicate that the leaves and bark of tree species studied have certain abilities to bio-accumulate PAH according to their molecular weight. The leaves of S. nigra and bark of A. melanoxylon showed the highest ability to accumulate PAHs, mainly those with high and medium molecular weight, respectively. The highest incidence of light molecular weight PAHs was found in the leaves of A. melanoxylon. Furthermore, coal combustion, biomass burning, and vehicle emissions were identified as the main PAHs sources. Concentrations of PAHs associated with tree species suggest an affectation in areas frequented by populations susceptible to air pollution. This fact shows the importance of regulatory scheme to significantly improve the air quality in the city integrating a knowledge-based decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiuska Alexandrino
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud (BIOMAS), Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Américas, Vía a Nayón, Quito, 170124, Ecuador.
| | - Nazly E Sánchez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Ambiental y Sanitaria, Universidad del Cauca, 190007, Popayan, Colombia
| | - Fausto Viteri
- Grupo de Protección Ambiental (GPA), Facultad de Ciencias de La Ingeniería e Industrias, Universidad UTE, Quito, 170527, Ecuador
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Zhou H, Liang X, Tan K, Guo Y, Zhao X, Chen G, Guo B, Li S, Feng S, Pan Q, Li T, Pan J, Ma B, Gao Y, Guan H, Zhang X, Baima Y, Xie L, Zhang J. Mediation of metabolic syndrome in the association between long-term exposure to particulate matter and incident cardiovascular disease: Evidence from a population-based cohort in Chengdu. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 269:115827. [PMID: 38100852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particulate matter (PM) exposure has been linked with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), the latter characterized by concurrent multiple metabolic disorders. As a result, the mechanisms assumption from PM to CVD through MetS have emerged, thus requiring further epidemiological evidence. This cohort study aimed to assess whether MetS mediates the associations of PM with CVD risk. METHODS This study included 14,195 participants from the Chengdu cohort of the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC) study in 2018. The primary outcome of incident CVD diagnoses was identified using matched hospital records from the Health Information Center of Sichuan Province. Residence-specific levels of PM with aerodynamic diameters of ≤ 1 µm (PM1), ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5), and ≤ 10 µm (PM10) were estimated by spatiotemporal models. Causal mediation analyses were applied to evaluate the indirect effect of MetS. RESULTS Increased exposure levels to PM were significantly associated with MetS and CVD. Mediation analyses indicated that the associations between PM exposure and CVD were mediated by MetS, with the proportion of multiple mediations being 19.3%, 12.1%, and 13.5% for PM1, PM2.5, and PM10, respectively. Further moderated mediation analyses suggested that male, overweight individuals, alcohol drinkers, and those suffering from indoor air pollution may experience more significant adverse effects from PM exposure on CVD via MetS than others. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that MetS partially mediates the association between long-term exposure to PM and CVD. These mediation effects appear to be amplified by demographic characteristics and unhealthy lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Zhou
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xian Liang
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Kun Tan
- Health information center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Xing Zhao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Bing Guo
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Shiyu Feng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qing Pan
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Tian Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jingping Pan
- Health information center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Bangjing Ma
- Qingbaijiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610399, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Han Guan
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yangji Baima
- School of Medicine, Tibet University, Tibet 850000, China
| | - Linshen Xie
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Juying Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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Ngamsang P, Amnuaylojaroen T, Parasin N, Pimonsree S. Health Impact Assessment of Short-Term Exposure to Particulate Matter (PM 10) in Northern Thailand. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 2023:1237768. [PMID: 37283814 PMCID: PMC10241591 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1237768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In northern Thailand, in recent decades, particulate pollution from the burning of biomass has become a serious issue with toxicological implications for human health, especially during the winter months of January to April. The purpose of this study was to explore short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM10) in northern Thailand. The high PM10 concentration in 2012 was used as a case study. We used the EPA's Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program-Community Edition (BenMAP-CE) for the health impact assessment, along with ground-based measurement data. The annual average observed PM10 concentration was in the range of 43-61 μg/m3, with a maximum observed PM10 concentration of 300 μg/m3 in March. We then assessed the impacts of PM10 exposure in northern Thailand. When the PM10 concentration was reduced to 120 μg/m3, the undesirable effects on respiratory mortality decreased by 5%-11%. When the concentration of PM10 was reduced to 45 μg/m3, the deleterious effects on respiratory mortality decreased by 11-30%. In conclusion, adherence to the WHO-AQG, particularly for PM10 (45 μg/m3), tends to result in considerable reductions in respiratory disease mortality in northern Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakaporn Ngamsang
- School of Energy and Environment, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Teerachai Amnuaylojaroen
- School of Energy and Environment, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
- Atmospheric Pollution and Climate Change Research Units, School of Energy and Environment, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Nichapa Parasin
- School of Allied Health Science, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Sittichai Pimonsree
- School of Energy and Environment, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
- Atmospheric Pollution and Climate Change Research Units, School of Energy and Environment, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
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10
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Yang M, Wu K, Wu Q, Huang C, Xu Z, Ho HC, Tao J, Zheng H, Hossain MZ, Zhang W, Wang N, Su H, Cheng J. A systematic review and meta-analysis of air pollution and angina pectoris attacks: identification of hazardous pollutant, short-term effect, and vulnerable population. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:32246-32254. [PMID: 36735120 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of global epidemiological studies of air pollution and angina pectoris, aiming to explore the deleterious air pollutant(s) and vulnerable sub-populations. PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for eligible articles published between database inception and October 2021. Meta-analysis weighted by inverse-variance was utilized to pool effect estimates based on the type of air pollutant, including particulate matters (PM2.5 and PM10: particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm and ≤ 10 µm), gaseous pollutants (NO2: nitrogen dioxide; CO: carbon monoxide; SO2: sulfur dioxide, and O3: ozone). Study-specific effect estimates were standardized and calculated with percentage change of angina pectoris for each 10 µg/m3 increase in air pollutant concentration. Twelve studies involving 663,276 angina events from Asia, America, Oceania, and Europe were finally included. Meta-analysis showed that each 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and PM10 concentration was associated with an increase of 0.66% (95%CI: 0.58%, 0.73%; p < 0.001) and 0.57% (95%CI: 0.20%, 0.94%; p = 0.003) in the risk of angina pectoris on the second day of exposure. Adverse effects were also observed for NO2 (0.67%, 95%CI: 0.33%, 1.02%; p < v0.001) on the second day, CO (0.010%, 95%CI: 0.006%, 0.014%; p < 0.001). The elderly and patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) appeared to be at higher risk of angina pectoris. Our findings suggest that short-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and CO was associated with an increased risk of angina pectoris, which may have implications for cardiologists and patients to prevent negative cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Keyu Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Qiyue Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4214, Australia
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junwen Tao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Mohammad Zahid Hossain
- Bangladesh (Icddr,B), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China.
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11
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Rehman E, Rehman S. Particulate air pollution and metabolic risk factors: Which are more prone to cardiac mortality. Front Public Health 2022; 10:995987. [PMID: 36339190 PMCID: PMC9631442 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.995987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored multiplex, country-level connections between a wide range of cardiac risk factors and associated mortality within the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries. The grey relational analysis (GRA) methodology is used to evaluate data from 2001 to 2018 to compute scores and rank countries based on cardiac mortality. Subsequently, we used the conservative (Min-Max) technique to determine which South Asian country contributes the most to cardiac mortality. The Hurwicz criterion is further applied for optimization by highlighting the risk factors with the highest impact on cardiac mortality. Empirical findings revealed that India and Nepal are the leading drivers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among all SAARC nations based on the results of the GRA methodology. Moreover, the outcomes based on the Hurwicz criterion and the conservative criterion indicated that CVD mortality is considerably impacted by household air pollution from the combustion of solid fuel, with India as a potential contributor in the SAARC region. The outcomes of this research may enable international organizations and public health policymakers to make better decisions and investments within the SAARC region to minimize the burden of CVD while also strengthening environmentally sustainable healthcare practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erum Rehman
- Department of Mathematics, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan,School of Economics, Shandong University of Science and Economics, Jinan, China,Group of Energy, Economy and Systems Dynamics, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Shazia Rehman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Haripur, Pakistan,*Correspondence: Shazia Rehman
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12
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Ventilation Capacities of Chinese Industrial Cities and Their Influence on the Concentration of NO2. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14143348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Most cities in China, especially industrial cities, are facing severe air pollution, which affects the health of the residents and the development of cities. One of the most effective ways to alleviate air pollution is to improve the urban ventilation environment; however, few studies have focused on the relationship between them. The Frontal Area Index (FAI) can reflect the obstructive effect of buildings on wind. It is influenced by urban architectural form and is an attribute of the city itself that can be used to accurately measure the ventilation capacity or ventilation potential of the city. Here, the FAIs of 45 industrial cities of different sizes in different climatic zones in China were computed, and the relationship between the FAI and the concentration of typical pollutants, i.e., NO2, were analyzed. It was found that (1) the FAIs of most of the industrial cities in China were less than 0.45, indicating that most of the industrial cities in China have excellent and good ventilation capacities; (2) there were significant differences in the ventilation capacities of different cities, and the ventilation capacity decreased from the temperate to the tropical climate zone and increased from large to small cities; (3) there was a significant difference in the ventilation capacity in winter and summer, indicating that that with the exception of building height and building density, wind direction was also the main influencing factor of FAI; (4) the concentration of NO2 was significantly correlated with the FAI, and the relative contribution of the FAI to the NO2 concentration was stable at approximately 9% and was generally higher than other socioeconomic factors. There was a turning point in the influence of the FAI on the NO2 concentration (0.18 < FAI < 0.49), below which the FAI had a strong influence on the NO2 concentration, and above which the influence of the FAI became weaker. The results of this study can provide guidance for suppressing urban air pollution through urban planning.
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13
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de Bont J, Jaganathan S, Dahlquist M, Persson Å, Stafoggia M, Ljungman P. Ambient air pollution and cardiovascular diseases: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. J Intern Med 2022; 291:779-800. [PMID: 35138681 PMCID: PMC9310863 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The available evidence on the effects of ambient air pollution on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has increased substantially. In this umbrella review, we summarized the current epidemiological evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses linking ambient air pollution and CVDs, with a focus on geographical differences and vulnerable subpopulations. We performed a search strategy through multiple databases including articles between 2010 and 31 January 2021. We performed a quality assessment and evaluated the strength of evidence. Of the 56 included reviews, the most studied outcomes were stroke (22 reviews), all-cause CVD mortality, and morbidity (19). The strongest evidence was found between higher short- and long-term ambient air pollution exposure and all-cause CVD mortality and morbidity, stroke, blood pressure, and ischemic heart diseases (IHD). Short-term exposures to particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5 ), <10 μm (PM10 ), and nitrogen oxides (NOx ) were consistently associated with increased risks of hypertension and triggering of myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke (fatal and nonfatal). Long-term exposures of PM2.5 were largely associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis, incident MI, hypertension, and incident stroke and stroke mortality. Few reviews evaluated other CVD outcomes including arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation, or heart failure but they generally reported positive statistical associations. Stronger associations were found in Asian countries and vulnerable subpopulations, especially among the elderly, cardiac patients, and people with higher weight status. Consistent with experimental data, this comprehensive umbrella review found strong evidence that higher levels of ambient air pollution increase the risk of CVDs, especially all-cause CVD mortality, stroke, and IHD. These results emphasize the importance of reducing the alarming levels of air pollution across the globe, especially in Asia, and among vulnerable subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen de Bont
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suganthi Jaganathan
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Environmental Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Delhi-NCR, India.,Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | - Marcus Dahlquist
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Persson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service, Rome, Italy
| | - Petter Ljungman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Danderyd University Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
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14
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Kahraman AC, Sivri N. Comparison of metropolitan cities for mortality rates attributed to ambient air pollution using the AirQ model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:43034-43047. [PMID: 35091944 PMCID: PMC8799408 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the air pollution dynamics of the metropolitan cities of Balıkesir, Bursa, Istanbul, Kocaeli, Sakarya and Tekirdağ in the Marmara Region, which is the geographical region with the highest urban and industrial activity in Turkey, were examined for the time period between 2016 and 2019. Annual changes in the cities in terms of air pollution, which was examined with a focus on the PM2.5 parameter as indicated by United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); differences in the cities by years; and the seasonal changes in air pollution in the cities were investigated. Additionally, mortality rates attributed to air pollution were calculated with the AirQ + software based on integrated exposure-response function recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the UN using city-scale statistics of fatal disease cases that can be attributed to air pollution. It was determined that all cities in the Marmara Region study area exceeded the limit PM2.5 values specified by the European Union (EU) in the years 2016, 2017 and 2018 while only Kocaeli and Tekirdağ were below the limit values in 2019. The limit values specified by the WHO were exceeded in all cities in each year. A total of 46,920 premature deaths attributed to the exceedance of WHO limit values were calculated for the years 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 with 11,895, 13,853, 11,748 and 9,429, respectively. Determining national limit values for the PM2.5 parameter, which is among the most important factors of air pollution, and monitoring it in a sustainable manner using a sufficient number of well-equipped stations is of great importance. This way, national, regional and urban action plans regarding the impact of air pollution on human health, as indicated by UN SDGs, can be prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Cihat Kahraman
- Institute of Graduate Studies, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa (IUC), 34320, Avcılar, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nüket Sivri
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, IUC, 34320, Avcılar, Istanbul, Turkey
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15
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Mumtaz A, Rehman E, Rehman S, Hussain I. Impact of Environmental Degradation on Human Health: An Assessment Using Multicriteria Decision Making. Front Public Health 2022; 9:812743. [PMID: 35127627 PMCID: PMC8810485 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.812743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution has emerged as a major global concern in recent decades as a result of rapid urbanization and industrialization, leading to a variety of adverse health outcomes. This research aims to investigate the influence of exposure to ambient and household particulate matter pollution (PM2.5), and ground-level ozone (O3) pollution on respiratory and cardiac mortality in Pakistan. We used grey incidence analysis (GIA) methodology to estimate the degree of proximity among selected variables and rank them based on mortality. Hurwicz's criterion is then adopted for further optimization by prioritizing the selected factors with the greatest influence on respiratory and cardiac mortality. The GIA findings revealed that asthma mortality is considerably impacted by exposure to ambient and household PM2.5 concentration while ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality is potentially influenced by ground-level ozone exposure. Furthermore, results based on Hurwicz's analysis demonstrated that exposure to ambient PM2.5 concentration appeared as the most intensified factor of respiratory and cardiac mortality. This corroboration adds to the growing body of research demonstrating that exposure to ambient PM2.5 adversely leads to respiratory and cardiac risks, emphasizing the demand for further improvement of air quality in Pakistan. Besides, the suggested methodologies provide a valuable tool and additional practical knowledge for policymakers and decision-makers in drawing rational decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Mumtaz
- School of Public Administration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Public Administration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Erum Rehman
- School of Economics, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, China
| | - Shazia Rehman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule, Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Haripur, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Shazia Rehman
| | - Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Karakoram International University Gilgit, Gilgit, Pakistan
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16
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Modeling Air Pollution Health Risk for Environmental Management of an Internationally Important Site: The Salt Range (Kallar Kahar), Pakistan. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the health effects of emissions released by cement industries and allied activities, such as mining and transportation, in the salt range area of district Chakwal, Pakistan. DISPER was used to estimate dispersion and contribution of source emission by cement industries and allied activities to surface accumulation of selected pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NOx, and O3). To assess the long-term effects of pollutants on human health within the radius of 500 m to 3 km, Air Q+ software was used, which was designed by the World Health Organization (WHO). One-year average monitoring data of selected pollutants, coordinates, health data, and population data were used as input data for the model. Data was collected on lung cancer mortality among different age groups (25+ and 30+), infant post-neonatal mortality, mortality due to respiratory disease, and all-cause mortality due to PM2.5 and NO2. Results showed that PM2.5 with the year-long concentration of 27.3 µg/m3 contributes a 9.9% attributable proportion (AP) to lung cancer mortality in adults aged 25+, and 13.8% AP in adults age 30+. Baseline incidence is 44.25% per 100,000 population. PM10 with the year-long concentration of 57.4 µg/m3 contributes 16.96% AP to infant post-neonatal mortality and baseline incidence is 53.86% per 1000 live births in the country. NO2 with the year-long concentration of 14.33 µg/m3 contributes 1.73% AP to all-cause mortality. Results obtained by a simulated 10% reduction in pollutant concentration showed that proper mitigation measures for reduction of pollutants’ concentration should be applied to decrease the rate of mortalities and morbidities. Furthermore, the study showed that PM2.5 and PM10 are significantly impacting the human health in the nearby villages, even after mitigation measures were taken by the selected cement industries. The study provides a roadmap to policymakers and stakeholders for environmental and health risk management in the area.
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17
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Khan JR, Hossain MB, Gupta RD. Household cooking fuels associated with elevated blood pressure among adult women: a national-wide assessment in Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:67814-67821. [PMID: 34268688 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15344-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Household air pollution from cooking fuel may have adverse health effects, particularly among women from countries like Bangladesh, where women participate in most household cooking activities. However, little is known about how cooking fuel influences adult women's blood pressure (BP) status in Bangladesh. This study assessed the association between household cooking fuel and women's BP in Bangladesh. Data of 6543 women (aged ≥18 years) from the latest nationally representative Bangladesh Demographic and health survey 2017-18 were used in this study. This survey collected data on various variables, including women's BP and cooking fuel. Multivariable regression models were used for this evaluation. About 82.3% of women were living in households using solid cooking fuel. Women's average systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were 121.5 mmHg and 80.7 mmHg, respectively, and 25% had elevated BP. Women residing in a household using solid fuel had significantly higher SBP (β 3.76 mmHg, 95 confidence interval (CI) 2.00, 5.51) and DBP (β 1.17 mmHg, 95% CI 0.17, 2.18) relative to women from households using clean fuel. The odds of elevated BP was 58% higher (adjusted odds ratio, 1.58, 95% CI 1.19, 2.11) among women residing in households using solid fuels compared to their counterparts. Usage of solid cooking fuel was predominantly high and negatively impacted women's BP status in Bangladesh. In addition to other lifestyle change interventions, improved cooking facilities and clean cooking fuel provision and monitoring could be important initiatives to reduce the burden of elevated BP among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahidur Rahman Khan
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2617, Australia.
- Department of Climate and Environmental Health, Biomedical Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Belal Hossain
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Rajat Das Gupta
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
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18
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Huang S, Guo C, Qie R, Han M, Wu X, Zhang Y, Yang X, Feng Y, Li Y, Wu Y, Liu D, Sun L, Hu D, Zhao Y. Solid fuel use and cardiovascular events: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. INDOOR AIR 2021; 31:1722-1732. [PMID: 34110043 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although solid fuel use has been increasingly linked to cardiovascular events (CVEs), conclusions have been inconsistent. We systematically searched 3 databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) up to July 3, 2020, to identify English language reports that assessed the association of solid fuel use with CVEs. Summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity and to test the stability of the results. We finally included 13 observational studies (8 cohort, 3 cross-sectional, and 2 case-control studies comprising 791,220 participants) in the meta-analysis. The risk of CVEs was increased 21% with the highest versus the lowest solid fuel use (highest/lowest, RRpooled = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.10-1.34). As for the subgroup analyses on study design, the pooled RR for cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies were 1.11 (95%CI: 1.03-1.19), 4.80 (95%CI: 2.22-10.39), and 1.46 (95%CI: 0.82-2.62), respectively. The results of this study suggested that high solid fuel use was associated with increased CVE risk, and that reducing the use of solid fuel will be important for improving the health of the populations in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbing Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ranran Qie
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Minghui Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingjin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yifei Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuying Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dechen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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19
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Rani R, Arokiasamy P, Sikarwar A. Household air pollution during COVID-19 pandemic: A concern in India. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS 2021; 21:e2729. [PMID: 34512188 PMCID: PMC8420276 DOI: 10.1002/pa.2729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Household air pollution is a serious public health concern in India with more than half of the Indian households relying on solid fuel use. The long periods of lockdown related measures to control COVID-19 pandemic in India further aggravated the adverse health effects of household air pollution as millions Indians were exposed to high level of health-damaging air pollutants inside their homes. This commentary discusses the vulnerability of the socioeconomically disadvantaged population forced to stay indoors during the pandemic. Exposure to household air pollution has detrimental effects on health, which might put individuals at higher risk for complications related to COVID-19. A large proportion of socioeconomically disadvantaged section of the population were exposed to critical levels of household air pollution and more vulnerable to severe health effects of COVID-19. There is a pressing need to understand the aggravated health consequences of household air pollution in association with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Rani
- Department of Development StudiesInternational Institute for Population SciencesMumbaiMaharashtraIndia
| | - Perianayagam Arokiasamy
- Department of Development StudiesInternational Institute for Population SciencesMumbaiMaharashtraIndia
| | - Ankit Sikarwar
- Department of Development StudiesInternational Institute for Population SciencesMumbaiMaharashtraIndia
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20
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Zhang L, Ou C, Magana-Arachchi D, Vithanage M, Vanka KS, Palanisami T, Masakorala K, Wijesekara H, Yan Y, Bolan N, Kirkham MB. Indoor Particulate Matter in Urban Households: Sources, Pathways, Characteristics, Health Effects, and Exposure Mitigation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11055. [PMID: 34769574 PMCID: PMC8582694 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is a complex mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets suspended in the air with varying size, shape, and chemical composition which intensifies significant concern due to severe health effects. Based on the well-established human health effects of outdoor PM, health-based standards for outdoor air have been promoted (e.g., the National Ambient Air Quality Standards formulated by the U.S.). Due to the exchange of indoor and outdoor air, the chemical composition of indoor particulate matter is related to the sources and components of outdoor PM. However, PM in the indoor environment has the potential to exceed outdoor PM levels. Indoor PM includes particles of outdoor origin that drift indoors and particles that originate from indoor activities, which include cooking, fireplaces, smoking, fuel combustion for heating, human activities, and burning incense. Indoor PM can be enriched with inorganic and organic contaminants, including toxic heavy metals and carcinogenic volatile organic compounds. As a potential health hazard, indoor exposure to PM has received increased attention in recent years because people spend most of their time indoors. In addition, as the quantity, quality, and scope of the research have expanded, it is necessary to conduct a systematic review of indoor PM. This review discusses the sources, pathways, characteristics, health effects, and exposure mitigation of indoor PM. Practical solutions and steps to reduce exposure to indoor PM are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Intelligent and New Energy Materials, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China;
- School of Health, Jiangsu Food & Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai’an 223003, China
| | - Changjin Ou
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Intelligent and New Energy Materials, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China;
| | - Dhammika Magana-Arachchi
- Molecular Microbiology and Human Diseases Project, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy 20000, Sri Lanka; (D.M.-A.); (M.V.)
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Molecular Microbiology and Human Diseases Project, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy 20000, Sri Lanka; (D.M.-A.); (M.V.)
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Kanth Swaroop Vanka
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;
| | - Thava Palanisami
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;
| | - Kanaji Masakorala
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, Matara 80000, Sri Lanka;
| | - Hasintha Wijesekara
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka;
| | - Yubo Yan
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Environment Functional Materials, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an 223300, China
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia;
| | - M. B. Kirkham
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
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21
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Anwar MN, Shabbir M, Tahir E, Iftikhar M, Saif H, Tahir A, Murtaza MA, Khokhar MF, Rehan M, Aghbashlo M, Tabatabaei M, Nizami AS. Emerging challenges of air pollution and particulate matter in China, India, and Pakistan and mitigating solutions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:125851. [PMID: 34492802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examines point and non-point sources of air pollution and particulate matter and their associated socioeconomic and health impacts in South Asian countries, primarily India, China, and Pakistan. The legislative frameworks, policy gaps, and targeted solutions are also scrutinized. The major cities in these countries have surpassed the permissible limits defined by WHO for sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and nitrogen dioxide. As a result, they are facing widespread health problems, disabilities, and causalities at extreme events. Populations in these countries are comparatively more prone to air pollution effects because they spend more time in the open air, increasing their likelihood of exposure to air pollutants. The elevated level of air pollutants and their long-term exposure increases the susceptibility to several chronic/acute diseases, i.e., obstructive pulmonary diseases, acute respiratory distress, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. More in-depth spatial-temporal air pollution monitoring studies in China, India, and Pakistan are recommended. The study findings suggest that policymakers at the local, national, and regional levels should devise targeted policies by considering all the relevant parameters, including the country's economic status, local meteorological conditions, industrial interests, public lifestyle, and national literacy rate. This approach will also help design and implement more efficient policies which are less likely to fail when brought into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed Anwar
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Muneeba Shabbir
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Eza Tahir
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mahnoor Iftikhar
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hira Saif
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ajwa Tahir
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Malik Ashir Murtaza
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fahim Khokhar
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Rehan
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mortaza Aghbashlo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Henan Province Forest Resources Sustainable Development and High-value Utilization Engineering Research Center, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Biofuel Research Team (BRTeam), Terengganu, Malaysia; Microbial Biotechnology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Abdul-Sattar Nizami
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
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22
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Rahman MM, Begum BA, Hopke PK, Nahar K, Newman J, Thurston GD. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associations with biomass- and fossil-fuel-combustion fine-particulate-matter exposures in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:1172-1183. [PMID: 33822936 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine-particulate-matter (i.e. with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 µm, PM2.5) air pollution is commonly treated as if it had 'equivalent toxicity', irrespective of the source and composition. We investigate the respective roles of fossil-fuel- and biomass-combustion particles in the PM2.5 relationship with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality using tracers of sources in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Results provide insight into the often observed levelling of the PM2.5 exposure-response curve at high-pollution levels. METHODS A time-series regression model, adjusted for potentially confounding influences, was applied to 340 758 cardiovascular disease (CVD) emergency-department visits (EDVs) during January 2014 to December 2017, 253 407 hospital admissions during September 2013 to December 2017 and 16 858 CVD deaths during January 2014 to October 2017. RESULTS Significant associations were confirmed between PM2.5-mass exposures and increased risk of cardiovascular EDV [0.27%, (0.07% to 0.47%)] at lag-0, hospitalizations [0.32% (0.08% to 0.55%)] at lag-0 and deaths [0.87%, (0.27% to 1.47%)] at lag-1 per 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5. However, the relationship of PM2.5 with morbidity and mortality effect slopes was less steep and non-significant at higher PM2.5 concentrations (during crop-burning-dominated exposures) and varied with PM2.5 source. Fossil-fuel-combustion PM2.5 had roughly a four times greater effect on CVD mortality and double the effect on CVD hospital admissions on a per-µg/m3 basis than did biomass-combustion PM2.5. CONCLUSION Biomass burning was responsible for most PM2.5 air pollution in Dhaka, but fossil-fuel-combustion PM2.5 dominated the CVD adverse health impacts. Such by-source variations in the health impacts of PM2.5 should be considered in conducting ambient particulate-matter risk assessments, as well as in prioritizing air-pollution-mitigation measures and clinical advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mostafijur Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Philip K Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.,Center for Atmospheric Science and Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Newman
- Division of Cardiology and Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - George D Thurston
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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23
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Ali Shah SA, Aziz W, Almaraashi M, Ahmed Nadeem MS, Habib N, Shim SO. A hybrid model for forecasting of particulate matter concentrations based on multiscale characterization and machine learning techniques. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2021; 18:1992-2009. [PMID: 33892534 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Accurate prediction of particulate matter (PM) using time series data is a challenging task. The recent advancements in sensor technology, computing devices, nonlinear computational tools, and machine learning (ML) approaches provide new opportunities for robust prediction of PM concentrations. In this study, we develop a hybrid model for forecasting PM10 and PM2.5 based on the multiscale characterization and ML techniques. At first, we use the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm for multiscale characterization of PM10 and PM2.5 by decomposing the original time series into numerous intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Different individual ML algorithms such as random forest (RF), support vector regressor (SVR), k-nearest neighbors (kNN), feed forward neural network (FFNN), and AdaBoost are then used to develop EMD-ML models. The air quality time series data from Masfalah air station Makkah, Saudi Arabia are utilized for validating the EMD-ML models, and results are compared with non-hybrid ML models. The PMs (PM10 and PM2.5) concentrations data of Dehli, India are also utilized for validating the EMD-ML models. The performance of each model is evaluated using root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). The average bias in the predictive model is estimated using mean bias error (MBE). Obtained results reveal that EMD-FFNN model provides the lowest error rate for both PM10 (RMSE = 12.25 and MAE = 7.43) and PM2.5 (RMSE = 4.81 and MAE = 3.02) using Misfalah, Makkah data whereas EMD-kNN model provides the lowest error rate for PM10 (RMSE = 20.56 and MAE = 12.87) and EMD-AdaBoost provides the lowest error rate for PM2.5 (RMSE = 15.29 and MAE = 9.45) using Dehli, India data. The findings also reveal that EMD-ML models can be effectively used in forecasting PM mass concentrations and to develop rapid air quality warning systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ahsin Ali Shah
- Department of Computer Science & IT, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, King Abdullah Campus, Muzaffarabad 13100, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Aziz
- Department of Computer Science & IT, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, King Abdullah Campus, Muzaffarabad 13100, AJK, Pakistan
- College of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23890, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Almaraashi
- College of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23890, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malik Sajjad Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Computer Science & IT, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, King Abdullah Campus, Muzaffarabad 13100, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Nazneen Habib
- Department of Sociology & Rural Development, University of Azad Jammu Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Seong-O Shim
- College of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23890, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Singh P, Roy A, Bhasin D, Kapoor M, Ravi S, Dey S. Crop Fires and Cardiovascular Health - A Study from North India. SSM Popul Health 2021; 14:100757. [PMID: 33869720 PMCID: PMC8040334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We examine the impact of exposure to biomass burning events (primarily crop burning) on the prevalence of hypertension in four North Indian states. We use data from the National Family Health Survey-IV for 2015-16 and employ a multivariate logistic and linear model to estimate the effect of exposure to biomass burning on the prevalence of hypertension and blood pressure, respectively. The adjusted odds ratio of hypertension among individuals living in areas with high intensity of biomass (HIB) burning (defined as exposure to > 100 fire-events during the past 30 days) is 1.15 [95% CI: 1.003–1.32]. The odds ratios further increase at a higher intensity of biomass burning and downwind fires are found to be responsible for the negative effect of fires on cardiovascular health. We also find that the systolic and diastolic blood pressure for older cohorts is significantly higher due to exposure to HIB. We estimate that elimination of HIB would prevent loss of 70–91 thousand DALYs every year and 1.73 to 2.24 Billion USD (in PPP terms) over 5 years by reducing the prevalence of hypertension. Therefore, curbing biomass burning will be associated with significant health and economic benefits in North India. Exposure to biomass burning is associated with a higher chance of being hypertensive in states of North India. The population of age 40 years and above are more vulnerable to adverse effects of exposure to biomass burning. Estimated benefit from elimination of biomass burning would be 1.73 Billion (in PPP $) over 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Singh
- Ashoka University, India.,Indian Statistical Institute, Delhi, India
| | - Ambuj Roy
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiothoracic Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinkar Bhasin
- Department of Cardiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Sagnik Dey
- Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India & Centre of Excellence for Research on Clean Air (CERCA), Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
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25
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Bărbulescu A, Postolache F. New approaches for modeling the regional pollution in Europe. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 753:141993. [PMID: 32889322 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Generally, official statistical reports provide information on the pollution extent over a region using the average records from all the observation sites. In the outliers' presence, the average is not a good choice. Therefore, in this article, we propose two alternatives for replacing the average series by most significant regional series, obtained by two selection procedures. The first algorithm chooses the candidates to be utilized for the regional estimation of pollution by a data segmentation that provides the most representative value for a given time interval. Since the number of segments to be used should be prior introduced, the second algorithm proposes a version of the selection procedure based on the k-means algorithm. The performances of these methods are verified on three groups of series (carbon oxides, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides) recorded in the EEA33 countries during a period of 28 years. Both algorithms give better results than the average series, in terms of mean standard errors (MSE) and mean absolute errors (MAE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Bărbulescu
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Ovidius University of Constanta, 124, Mamaia Bd., 900527 Constanta, Romania.
| | - Florin Postolache
- Department of Naval Electro-mechanics Systems, Mircea cel Batran Naval Academy, 1, Fulgerului Street, Romania.
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26
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Saba E, Lee YS, Yang WK, Lee YY, Kim M, Woo SM, Kim K, Kwon YS, Kim TH, Kwak D, Park YC, Shin HJ, Han CK, Oh JW, Lee YC, Kang HS, Rhee MH, Kim SH. Effects of a herbal formulation, KGC3P, and its individual component, nepetin, on coal fly dust-induced airway inflammation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14036. [PMID: 32820197 PMCID: PMC7441173 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68965-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coal fly dust (CFD)-induced asthma model is used as an ambient particulate matter model of serious pulmonary damage. We aimed to evaluate the effects of a combination of ginseng and Salvia plebeia R. Br extract (KGC-03-PS; KG3P) and its individual components (hispidulin, nepetin and rosmarinic acid) in a CFD-induced mouse model of airway inflammation (asthma). We also evaluated signal transduction by KG3P and its individual components in the alveolar macrophage cell line, MH-S cells. In vitro, KG3P and its individual components inhibited nitric oxide production and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines (iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) through the NF-κB and MAPK pathways in coal fly ash (CFA)-induced inflammation in MH-S cells. Moreover, in the CFD-induced asthma model in mice, KG3P and its predominant individual component, nepetin, inhibited Asymmetric Dimethyl arginine (ADMA) and Symmetric Dimethyl arginine (SDMA) in serum, and decreased the histopathologic score in the lungs. A significant reduction in the neutrophils and immune cells in BALF and lung tissue was demonstrated, with significant reduction in the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. Finally, IRAK-1 localization was also potently inhibited by KG3P and nepetin. Thus, KG3P extract can be considered as a potent candidate for amelioration of airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Saba
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signalling, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sil Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Dajeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Yang
- Division of Respiratory Systems, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon, 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuan Yee Lee
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signalling, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - MinKi Kim
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signalling, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Min Woo
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - KilSoo Kim
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signalling, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sam Kwon
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signalling, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signalling, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmi Kwak
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signalling, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Chun Park
- Division of Respiratory Systems, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Jae Shin
- KT&G Research Institute, Daejeon, 34128, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Kyun Han
- KGC Research Institute, Daejeon, 34128, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Cheol Lee
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, 83 Sangjidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Kang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signalling, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon, 34520, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Nogarotto DC, Pozza SA. A review of multivariate analysis: is there a relationship between airborne particulate matter and meteorological variables? ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:573. [PMID: 32772266 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08538-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Among statistical tools for the study of atmospheric pollutants, trajectory regression analysis (TRA), cluster analysis (CA), and principal component analysis (PCA) can be highlighted. Therefore, this article presents a systematic review of such techniques based on (i) air mass influences on particulate matter (PM) and (ii) the study of the relationship between PM and meteorological variables. This article aims to review studies that use TRA and to review studies that adopt CA and/or PCA to identify the associations and relationship between meteorological variables and atmospheric pollutants. Papers published between 2006 and 2018 and indexed by five of the main scientific databases were considered (ScienceDirect, Web of Science, PubMed, SciELO, and Scopus databases). PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) recommendations supported this systematic review. From the resulting most relevant papers, eight studies analyzed the influence of air mass trajectories on PM using TRA and twenty-one studies searched for the relationship between meteorological variables and PM using CA and/or PCA. A combination of TRA and time series models was identified as the possibility of future works. Besides, studies that simultaneously combine the three techniques to identify both the influence of air masses on PM and its relationship with meteorological variables are a possibility of future papers, because it can lead to a better comprehension of such a phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone Andrea Pozza
- School of Technology (FT), University of Campinas (Unicamp), Limeira, Brazil
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28
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Squillacioti G, Bellisario V, Grosso A, Ghelli F, Piccioni P, Grignani E, Corsico A, Bono R. Formaldehyde, Oxidative Stress, and FeNO in Traffic Police Officers Working in Two Cities of Northern Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051655. [PMID: 32143339 PMCID: PMC7084911 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Personal air formaldehyde (air-FA) was measured as risk factor of airways inflammation and oxidative stress (SO) induction. Overall, 154 police officers were enrolled from two differently urbanised Italian cities, Turin and Pavia. Urinary F2t-isoprostane (15-F2t-IsoP), a prostaglandin-like compound, was quantified as a biomarker of general OS in vivo and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) was measured for monitoring local inflammatory processes. Urinary cotinine was quantified as a biomarker of tobacco smoking exposure. Traffic police officers living in Turin showed an increased level of log air-FA (p < 0.001), equal to +53.6% (p < 0.001). Log air-(FA) mean values were 3.38 (C.I. 95% 3.33–3.43) and 2.84 (C.I. 95% 2.77–2.92) in Turin and Pavia, respectively. Log (air-FA) was higher in “outdoor workers” (3.18, C.I. 95% 3.13–3.24, p = 0.035) compared to “indoor workers”, showing an increase of +9.3%, even controlling for sex and city. The analyses on 15-F2t-IsoP and FeNO, both adjusted for log air-FA, highlighted that OS and inflammation were higher (+66.8%, p < 0.001 and +75%, p < 0.001, respectively) in Turin traffic police officers compared to those from Pavia. Our findings suggest that even low exposures to traffic-related emissions and urbanisation may influence both general oxidative stress levels and local inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Squillacioti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10121 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (V.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Valeria Bellisario
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10121 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (V.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Amelia Grosso
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, S. Matteo Foundation–University of Pavia, 5001 Pavia, Italy; (A.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Federica Ghelli
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10121 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (V.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Pavilio Piccioni
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, National Health Service, ASL TO2, 10121 Torino, Italy;
| | - Elena Grignani
- Maugeri Scientific Clinical Institutes, 5001 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Angelo Corsico
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, S. Matteo Foundation–University of Pavia, 5001 Pavia, Italy; (A.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Roberto Bono
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, 10121 Torino, Italy; (G.S.); (V.B.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-670-5818; Fax: +39-011-236-5818
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29
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Baumgartner J, Brauer M, Ezzati M. The role of cities in reducing the cardiovascular impacts of environmental pollution in low- and middle-income countries. BMC Med 2020; 18:39. [PMID: 32089131 PMCID: PMC7038592 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-1499-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As low- and middle-income countries urbanize and industrialize, they must also cope with pollution emitted from diverse sources. MAIN TEXT Strong and consistent evidence associates exposure to air pollution and lead with increased risk of cardiovascular disease occurrence and death. Further, increasing evidence, mostly from high-income countries, indicates that exposure to noise and to both high and low temperatures may also increase cardiovascular risk. There is considerably less research on the cardiovascular impacts of environmental conditions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where the levels of pollution are often higher and the types and sources of pollution markedly different from those in higher-income settings. However, as such evidence gathers, actions to reduce exposures to pollution in low- and middle-income countries are warranted, not least because such exposures are very high. Cities, where pollution, populations, and other cardiovascular risk factors are most concentrated, may be best suited to reduce the cardiovascular burden in LMICs by applying environmental standards and policies to mitigate pollution and by implementing interventions that target the most vulnerable. The physical environment of cities can be improved though municipal processes, including infrastructure development, energy and transportation planning, and public health actions. Local regulations can incentivize or inhibit the polluting behaviors of industries and individuals. Environmental monitoring can be combined with public health warning systems and publicly available exposure maps to inform residents of environmental hazards and encourage the adoption of pollution-avoiding behaviors. Targeted individual or neighborhood interventions that identify and treat high-risk populations (e.g., lead mitigation, portable air cleaners, and preventative medications) can also be leveraged in the very near term. Research will play a key role in evaluating whether these approaches achieve their intended benefits, and whether these benefits reach the most vulnerable. CONCLUSION Cities in LMICs can play a defining role in global health and cardiovascular disease prevention in the next several decades, as they are well poised to develop innovative, multisectoral approaches to pollution mitigation, while also protecting the most vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Baumgartner
- Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, 1110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Michael Brauer
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Majid Ezzati
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Center for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- WHO Collaborating Centre for NCD Surveillance and Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
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30
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McLean R. Dietary salt reduction for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in Nepal. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2020; 22:280-282. [DOI: 10.1111/jch.13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael McLean
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine Dunedin School of Medicine University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
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Miranda JJ, Barrientos-Gutiérrez T, Corvalan C, Hyder AA, Lazo-Porras M, Oni T, Wells JCK. Understanding the rise of cardiometabolic diseases in low- and middle-income countries. Nat Med 2019; 25:1667-1679. [PMID: 31700182 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0644-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Increases in the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), particularly cardiometabolic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, stroke and diabetes, and their major risk factors have not been uniform across settings: for example, cardiovascular disease mortality has declined over recent decades in high-income countries but increased in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The factors contributing to this rise are varied and are influenced by environmental, social, political and commercial determinants of health, among other factors. This Review focuses on understanding the rise of cardiometabolic diseases in LMICs, with particular emphasis on obesity and its drivers, together with broader environmental and macro determinants of health, as well as LMIC-based responses to counteract cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jaime Miranda
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
- School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
| | | | - Camila Corvalan
- Unit of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adnan A Hyder
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Maria Lazo-Porras
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tolu Oni
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Research Initiative for Cities Health and Equity (RICHE), Division of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan C K Wells
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Lu Y, Lin S, Fatmi Z, Malashock D, Hussain MM, Siddique A, Carpenter DO, Lin Z, Khwaja HA. Assessing the association between fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) constituents and cardiovascular diseases in a mega-city of Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:1412-1422. [PMID: 31260941 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Concerning PM2.5 concentrations, rapid industrialization, along with increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD) were recorded in Pakistan, especially in urban areas. The degree to which air pollution contributes to the increase in the burden of CVD in Pakistan has not been assessed due to lack of data. This study aims to describe the characteristics of PM2.5 constituents and investigate the impact of individual PM2.5 constituent on cardiovascular morbidity in Karachi, a mega city in Pakistan. Daily levels of twenty-one constituents of PM2.5 were analyzed using samples collected at two sites from fall 2008 to summer 2009 in Karachi. Hospital admission and emergency room visits due to CVD were collected from two large hospitals. Negative Binominal Regression was used to estimate associations between pollutants and the risk of CVD. All PM2.5 constituents were assessed in single-pollutant models and selected constituents were assessed in multi-pollutant models adjusting for PM2.5 mass and gaseous pollutants. The most common CVD subtypes among our participants were ischemic heart disease, hypertension, heart failure, and cardiomyopathy. Extremely high levels of PM2.5 constituents from fossil-fuels combustion and industrial emissions were observed, with notable peaks in winter. The most consistent associations were found between exposure to nickel (5-14% increase per interquartile range) and cardiovascular hospital admissions. Suggestive evidence was also observed for associations between cardiovascular hospital admissions and Al, Fe, Ti, and nitrate. Our findings suggested that PM2.5 generated from fossil-fuels combustion and road dust resuspension were associated with the increased risk of CVD in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Shao Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Zafar Fatmi
- Environmental and Occupational Health & Injuries Unit, Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Daniel Malashock
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington DC, USA
| | - Mirza M Hussain
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Azhar Siddique
- Department of Public Health, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - David O Carpenter
- Institute for the Health and the Environment, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Ziqiang Lin
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone School of Medicine, One Park Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Haider A Khwaja
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA.
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Jaganathan S, Jaacks LM, Magsumbol M, Walia GK, Sieber NL, Shivasankar R, Dhillon PK, Hameed SS, Schwartz J, Prabhakaran D. Association of Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Cardio-Metabolic Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E2541. [PMID: 31315297 PMCID: PMC6679147 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
: Background: Numerous epidemiological studies indicated high levels of particulate matter less than2.5 μm diameter (PM2.5) as a major cardiovascular risk factor. Most of the studies have been conducted in high-income countries (HICs), where average levels of PM2.5 are far less compared to low- and middle- income countries (LMICs), and their socio-economic profile, disease burden, and PM speciation/composition are very different. We systematically reviewed the association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and cardio-metabolic diseases (CMDs) in LMICs. METHODS Multiple databases were searched for English articles with date limits until March 2018. We included studies investigating the association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 (defined as an annual average/average measure for 3 more days of PM2.5 exposure) and CMDs, such as hospital admissions, prevalence, and deaths due to CMDs, conducted in LMICs as defined by World Bank. We excluded studies which employed exposure proxy measures, studies among specific occupational groups, and specific episodes of air pollution. RESULTS A total of 5567 unique articles were identified, of which only 17 articles were included for final review, and these studies were from Brazil, Bulgaria, China, India, and Mexico. Outcome assessed were hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related emergency room visits/admissions, death, and mortality. Largely a positive association between exposure to PM2.5 and CMDs was found, and CVD mortality with effect estimates ranging from 0.24% to 6.11% increased per 10 μg/m3 in PM2.5. CVD-related hospitalizations and emergency room visits increased by 0.3% to 19.6%. Risk factors like hypertension had an odds ratio of 1.14, and type 2 diabetes mellitus had an odds ratio ranging from 1.14-1.32. Diversity of exposure assessment and health outcomes limited the ability to perform a meta-analysis. CONCLUSION Limited evidence on the association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and CMDs in the LMICs context warrants cohort studies to establish the association.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsay M. Jaacks
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Nancy L. Sieber
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dorairaj Prabhakaran
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi 110016, India
- Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon 122002, India
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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Curto A, Wellenius GA, Milà C, Sanchez M, Ranzani O, Marshall JD, Kulkarni B, Bhogadi S, Kinra S, Tonne C. Ambient Particulate Air Pollution and Blood Pressure in Peri-urban India. Epidemiology 2019; 30:492-500. [PMID: 31162282 PMCID: PMC6558270 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence linking long-term exposure to particulate air pollution to blood pressure (BP) in high-income countries may not be transportable to low- and middle-income countries. We examined cross-sectional associations between ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon (BC) with BP (systolic [SBP] and diastolic [DBP]) and prevalent hypertension in adults from 28 peri-urban villages near Hyderabad, India. METHODS We studied 5531 participants from the Andhra Pradesh Children and Parents Study (18-84 years, 54% men). We measured BP (2010-2012) in the right arm and defined hypertension as SBP ≥130 mmHg and/or DBP ≥80 mmHg. We used land-use regression models to estimate annual average PM2.5 and BC at participant's residence. We applied linear and logistic nested mixed-effect models stratified by sex and adjusted by cooking fuel type to estimate associations between within-village PM2.5 or BC and health. RESULTS Mean (SD) PM2.5 was 33 µg/m (2.7) and BC was 2.5 µg/m (0.23). In women, a 1 µg/m increase in PM2.5 was associated with 1.4 mmHg higher SBP (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.12, 2.7), 0.87 mmHg higher DBP (95% CI: -0.18, 1.9), and 4% higher odds of hypertension (95% CI: 0%, 9%). In men, associations with SBP (0.52 mmHg; 95% CI: -0.82, 1.8), DBP (0.41 mmHg; 95% CI: -0.69, 1.5), and hypertension (2% higher odds; 95% CI: -2%, 6%) were weaker. No associations were observed with BC. CONCLUSION We observed a positive association between ambient PM2.5 and BP and hypertension in women. Longitudinal studies in this region are needed to corroborate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Curto
- ISGlobal, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CIBER Epidemiología y
Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gregory A Wellenius
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public
Health, RI, USA
| | - Carles Milà
- ISGlobal, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CIBER Epidemiología y
Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margaux Sanchez
- ISGlobal, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CIBER Epidemiología y
Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Otavio Ranzani
- ISGlobal, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CIBER Epidemiología y
Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julian D Marshall
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of
Washington, WA, USA
| | - Bharati Kulkarni
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research,
Hyderabad, India
| | - Santhi Bhogadi
- Public Health Foundation of India, Indian Institute for Public
Health, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sanjay Kinra
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School
of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Cathryn Tonne
- ISGlobal, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CIBER Epidemiología y
Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
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Improved Satellite Retrieval of Tropospheric NO2 Column Density via Updating of Air Mass Factor (AMF): Case Study of Southern China. REMOTE SENSING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/rs10111789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Improving air quality and reducing human exposure to unhealthy levels of airborne chemicals are important global missions, particularly in China. Satellite remote sensing offers a powerful tool to examine regional trends in NO2, thus providing a direct measure of key parameters that strongly affect surface air quality. To accurately resolve spatial gradients in NO2 concentration using satellite observations and thus understand local and regional aspects of air quality, a priori input data at sufficiently high spatial and temporal resolution to account for pixel-to-pixel variability in the characteristics of the land and atmosphere are required. In this paper, we adapt the Berkeley High Resolution product (BEHR-HK) and meteorological outputs from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to describe column NO2 in southern China. The BEHR approach is particularly useful for places with large spatial variabilities and terrain height differences such as China. There are two major objectives and goals: (1) developing new BEHR-HK v3.0C product for retrieving tropospheric NO2 vertical column density (TVCD) within part of southern China, for four months of 2015, based upon satellite datasets from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI); and (2) evaluating BEHR-HK v3.0C retrieval result through validation, by comparing with MAX-DOAS tropospheric column measurements conducted in Guangzhou. Results show that all BEHR-HK retrieval algorithms (with R-value of 0.9839 for v3.0C) are of higher consistency with MAX-DOAS measurements than OMI-NASA retrieval (with R-value of 0.7644). This opens new windows into research questions that require high spatial resolution, for example retrieving NO2 vertical column and ground pollutant concentration in China and other countries.
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Rodosthenous RS, Kloog I, Colicino E, Zhong J, Herrera LA, Vokonas P, Schwartz J, Baccarelli AA, Prada D. Extracellular vesicle-enriched microRNAs interact in the association between long-term particulate matter and blood pressure in elderly men. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 167:640-649. [PMID: 30216846 PMCID: PMC6173640 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have shown that exposure to particulate matter (PM) may lead to increased systemic blood pressure, but the underlying biological mechanisms remain unknown. Emerging evidence shows that extracellular vesicle-enriched miRNAs (evmiRNAs) are associated with PM exposure and cardiovascular risk. In this study, we investigated the role of evmiRNAs in the association between PM and blood pressure, as well as their epigenetic regulation by DNA methylation. METHODS Participants (n = 22, men) were randomly selected from the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study (NAS). Long-term (1-year and 6-month average) PM2.5 exposure was estimated at 1 × 1-km resolution using spatio-temporal prediction models and BC was estimated using validated time varying land use regression models. We analyzed 31 evmiRNAs detected in ≥ 90% of all individuals and for statistical analysis, we used mixed effects models with random intercept adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking, C-reactive protein, platelets, and white blood cells. RESULTS We found that per each 2-standard deviations increase in 6-month PM2.5 ambient levels, there was an increase in 0.19 mm Hg (95% Confidence Interval [95%CI]: 0.11, 0.28 mmHg; p < 0.001) in systolic blood pressure (SBP). Per each 2-standard deviations increase in 1-year PM2.5 levels, there was an increase in 0.11 mm Hg (95% Confidence Interval [95% CI]: 0.03, 0.19 mmHg; p = 0.012) in SBP in older male individuals. We also found that both miR-199a/b (β = 6.13 mmHg; 95% CI: 0.87, 11.39; pinteraction = 0.07) and miR-223-3p (β = 30.17 mmHg; 95% CI: 11.96, 48.39 mmHg; pinteraction = 0.01) modified the association between 1-year PM2.5 and SBP. When exploring DNA methylation as a potential mechanism that could epigenetically regulate expression of evmiRNAs, we found that PM2.5 ambient levels were negatively associated with DNA methylation levels at CpG (cg23972892) near the enhancer region of miR-199a/b (β = -13.11; 95% CI: -17.70, -8.52; pBonferroni< 0.01), but not miR-223-3p. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that expression of evmiRNAs may be regulated by DNA methylation in response to long-term PM2.5 ambient levels and modify the magnitude of association between PM2.5 and systolic blood pressure in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodosthenis S Rodosthenous
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States.
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 663 Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Elena Colicino
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-5674, United States.
| | - Jia Zhong
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Luis A Herrera
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Pantel Vokonas
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02130, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States; Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States.
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States.
| | - Diddier Prada
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
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Short-Term Association between Black Carbon Exposure and Cardiovascular Diseases in Pakistan’s Largest Megacity. ATMOSPHERE 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos9110420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the association between black carbon (BC) exposure and hospital admissions (HAs) and outpatient department/emergency room (OPD/ER) visits for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among residents of Karachi, the largest city in Pakistan. We measured daily concentrations of BC in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and collected records of HAs and OPD/ER visits for CVD from 2 major tertiary care hospitals serving Karachi for 6 weeks continuously during each quarter over 1 year (August 2008–August 2009). We subsequently analyzed daily counts of hospital and BC data over 0–3 lag days. Daily mean BC concentrations varied from 1 to 32 µg/m3. Results suggest that BC concentrations are associated with CVD HAs and OPD/ER visits. However, associations were generally only observed when modeled with BC from Tibet Center, the commercial-residential site, as compared to Korangi, the industrial-residential site. Overall, low statistical significance suggests that while BC may be a valuable indicator for CVD health risks from combustion-derived particles, further evaluation of the constituents of PM2.5 and their relative contributions to CVD health impacts is necessary.
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Katoto PDMC, Thienemann F, Bulabula ANH, Esterhuizen TM, Murhula AB, Lunjwire PPM, Bihehe DM, Nachega JB. Prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected adults at three urban clinics in a post-conflict setting, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Trop Med Int Health 2018; 23:795-805. [PMID: 29752857 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MS) in HIV-infected adults at three urban clinics in Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS From July to September 2016, baseline socio-demographics, risk factors and clinical characteristics were collected using a structured questionnaire or extracted from medical records. Fasting blood sugar and lipids were measured. MS was defined per the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) was generated through multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS Of 495 participants, 356 (72%) were women and 474 (95.8%) were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). The median age (years) [interquartile range (IQR)] was 43 [36-51]. The overall prevalence of MS per NECP/ATP III and IDF criteria was 27% [95% CI: 20-35%] or 30% [95% CI: 23-38%], respectively. In a multivariate logistic regression, low physical activity (OR 2.47, 95% CI: 1.40-4.36); daily exposure to biomass fuel smoke (BMF) for more than 2 h (OR 2.18, 95% CI: 1.01-4.68); protease inhibitor containing ART (OR: 2.96, 95% CI: 1.07-8.18); and stavudine-containing ART regimen (OR: 2.57, 95% CI: 1.11-5.93) were independently associated with MS. CONCLUSIONS MS was highly prevalent in this hospital-based study population. Beside known traditional risk factors and contribution of specific ART regimens to MS, daily exposure to BMF is new and of specific concern, necessitating targeted urgent prevention and management interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D M C Katoto
- Department of Global Health, Community Health Division, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Internal Medicine and the Hôpital Provincial Général de Reférence de Bukavu, Université Catholique de Bukavu, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Friedrich Thienemann
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - André N H Bulabula
- Department of Global Health, Unit for Infection Prevention and Control, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tonya M Esterhuizen
- Biostatistics Unit, Centre for Evidence-Based Health Care, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Aimé B Murhula
- Department of Internal Medicine and the Hôpital Provincial Général de Reférence de Bukavu, Université Catholique de Bukavu, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Dieudonné M Bihehe
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hôpital de Panzi, Université Evangélique en Afrique, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jean B Nachega
- Department of Medicine and Centre for Infectious Diseases, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,Departments of Epidemiology, Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Departments of Epidemiology and International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,International Center for Advanced Research and Training (ICART), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Salameh P, Chahine M, Hallit S, Farah R, Zeidan RK, Asmar R, Hosseiny H. Hypertension prevalence and living conditions related to air pollution: results of a national epidemiological study in Lebanon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:11716-11728. [PMID: 29442307 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1411-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a risk factor of several diseases, linked to high mortality and morbidity, particularly in developing countries. Some studies have linked indoor and outdoor pollution exposure items to hypertension, but results were inconsistent. Our objective was to assess the association of living conditions related to air pollution to hypertension in Lebanon, a Middle Eastern country. A national cross-sectional study was conducted all over Lebanon. Blood pressure and its related medications were assessed to be able to classify participants as hypertensive or not. Moreover, in addition to living conditions related to air pollution exposure, we assessed potential predictors of hypertension, including sociodemographic characteristics, self-reported health information and biological measurements. Furthermore, we assessed dose-effect relationship of air pollution items in relation with hypertension. Living conditions related to indoor and outdoor air pollution exposures were associated with hypertension, with or without taking biological values into account. Moreover, we found a dose-effect relationship of exposure with risk of disease (15% increase in risk of disease for every additional pollution exposure item), after adjustment for sociodemographics and biological characteristics (Ora = 1.15 [1.03-1.28]). Although additional studies would be necessary to confirm these findings, interventions should start to sensitize the population about the effect of air pollution on chronic diseases. The work on reducing pollution and improving air quality should be implemented to decrease the disease burden on the population and health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Salameh
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mirna Chahine
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- Foundation-Medical Research Institutes, F-MRI, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon.
- Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Kaslik, Lebanon.
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
- Occupational Health Environment Research Team, U1219 BPH Bordeaux Population Health Research Center Inserm - Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Rita Farah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health 2, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Rouba Karen Zeidan
- Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health 2, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Roland Asmar
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- Foundation-Medical Research Institutes, F-MRI, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hassan Hosseiny
- Department of Neurology, Henri Mondor Hospital AP-HP, Creteil, France
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Dehghan A, Khanjani N, Bahrampour A, Goudarzi G, Yunesian M. The relation between air pollution and respiratory deaths in Tehran, Iran- using generalized additive models. BMC Pulm Med 2018; 18:49. [PMID: 29558916 PMCID: PMC5859399 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-018-0613-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some epidemiological evidence has shown a relation between ambient air pollution and adverse health outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of air pollution on mortality from respiratory diseases in Tehran, Iran. Methods In this ecological study, air pollution data was inquired from the Tehran Province Environmental Protection Agency and the Tehran Air Quality Control Company. Meteorological data was collected from the Tehran Meteorology Organization and mortality data from the Tehran Cemetery Mortality Registration. Generalized Additive Models (GAM) was used for data analysis with different lags, up to 15 days. A 10-unit increase in all pollutants except CO (1-unit) was used to compute the Relative Risk of deaths. Results During 2005 until 2014, 37,967 respiratory deaths occurred in Tehran in which 21,913 (57.7%) were male. The strongest relationship between NO2 and PM10and respiratory death was seen on the same day (lag 0), and was respectively (RR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02–1.07) and (RR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02–1.04). O3 and PM2.5 had the strongest relationship with respiratory deaths on lag 2 and 1 respectively, and the RR was equal to 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.05 and 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02–1.10 respectively. NO2, O3, PM10 and PM2.5 also showed significant relations with respiratory deaths in the older age groups. Conclusions The findings of this study showed that O3, NO2, PM10 and PM2.5 air pollutants were related to respiratory deaths in Tehran. Reducing ambient air pollution can save lives in Tehran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizallah Dehghan
- Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Narges Khanjani
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. .,Monash Centre for Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Abbas Bahrampour
- Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Goudarzi
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masoud Yunesian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Center for Air Pollution Research and Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Salameh P, Farah R, Hallit S, Zeidan RK, Chahine MN, Asmar R, Hosseini H. Self-reported history of stroke and long-term living conditions near air pollution sources: results of a national epidemiological study in Lebanon. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:153. [PMID: 29460147 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6545-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a disease related to high mortality and morbidity, particularly in developing countries. Some studies have linked self-reported indoor and outdoor pollution to stroke and mini-stroke, while some others showed no association. Our objective was to assess this association in Lebanon, a Middle Eastern developing country. A national cross-sectional study was conducted all over Lebanon. In addition to self-reported items of pollution exposure, we assessed potential predictors of stroke and mini-stroke, including sociodemographic characteristics, self-reported health information, and biological measurements. Moreover, we assessed dose-effect relationship of pollution items in relation with stroke. Self-reported indoor pollution exposure was associated with stroke and mini-stroke, with or without taking biological values into account. Moreover, we found a dose-effect relationship of exposure with risk of disease, but this effect did not reach statistical significance after adjustment for sociodemographics and biological characteristics. No association was found for any outdoor pollution item. Although additional studies would be necessary to confirm these findings, sensitizing the population about the effect of pollution on chronic diseases, working on reducing pollution, and improving air quality should be implemented to decrease the burden of the disease on the population and health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Salameh
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health, INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie Clinique et de Toxocologie - Liban), Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Rita Farah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health, INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie Clinique et de Toxocologie - Liban), Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon.
- Faculty of Public Health, INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie Clinique et de Toxocologie - Liban), Fanar, Lebanon.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Kaslik, Lebanon.
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, P.O Box 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
- Occupational Health Environment Research Team, U1219 BPH Bordeaux Population Health Research Center Inserm - Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Rouba Karen Zeidan
- Faculty of Public Health, INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie Clinique et de Toxocologie - Liban), Fanar, Lebanon
- Faculty of Public Health 2, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Mirna N Chahine
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- Foundation-Medical Research Institutes, F-MRI, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Roland Asmar
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
- Foundation-Medical Research Institutes, F-MRI, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hassan Hosseini
- Department of Neurology, Henri Mondor Hospital AP-HP, Creteil, France
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Junaid M, Syed JH, Abbasi NA, Hashmi MZ, Malik RN, Pei DS. Status of indoor air pollution (IAP) through particulate matter (PM) emissions and associated health concerns in South Asia. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 191:651-663. [PMID: 29078189 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate emissions poses a variety of public health concerns worldwide, specifically in developing countries. This review summarized the documented studies on indoor particulate matter (PM) emissions and their major health concerns in South Asia. Reviewed literature illustrated the alarming levels of indoor air pollution (IAP) in India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh, while Sri Lanka and Bhutan are confronted with relatively lower levels, albeit not safe. To our knowledge, data on this issue are absent from Afghanistan and Maldives. We found that the reported levels of PM10 and PM2.5 in Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and India were 2-65, 3-30, 4-22, 2-28 and 1-139, 2-180, 3-77, 1-40 fold higher than WHO standards for indoor PM10 (50 μg/m3) and PM2.5 (25 μg/m3), respectively. Regarding IAP-mediated health concerns, mortality rates and incidences of respiratory and non-respiratory diseases were increasing with alarming rates, specifically in India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh. The major cause might be the reliance of approximately 80% population on conventional biomass burning in the region. Current review also highlighted the prospects of IAP reduction strategies, which in future can help to improve the status of indoor air quality and public health in South Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Jabir Hussain Syed
- Department of Meteorology, COMSATS University, Islamabad Campuses, Pakistan; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Naeem Akhtar Abbasi
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | | | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China.
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Miri M, Ebrahimi Aval H, Ehrampoush MH, Mohammadi A, Toolabi A, Nikonahad A, Derakhshan Z, Abdollahnejad A. Human health impact assessment of exposure to particulate matter: an AirQ software modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:16513-16519. [PMID: 28555396 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the health impacts related to particulate matter less than 10 μm (PM10) exposure in the city of Yazd, Iran. For this aim, AirQ 2.2.3 software was used to model relationship between short-term exposure to PM10 and disease cases proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). The annual mean concentration of PM10 was 97 μg/m3. The maximum concentration value of PM10 was measured during the summer (731 μg/m3). 4.988% (95%CI: 3.381-6.542%) of the total mortality, 7.3% (95%CI; 4.19-10.21%) of cardiovascular mortality, and 10.21% (95%CI; 4.19-14.89%) of respiratory mortality were related to the PM10 concentrations. Consequently, the AirQ software can provide valuable information about the importance of air pollution and the substantial impacts of PM10 on the society for policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Miri
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Hamideh Ebrahimi Aval
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amir Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Toolabi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Nikonahad
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zahra Derakhshan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Abdollahnejad
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Abdur Rehman MY, Kamal A, Taqi MM, Malik RN. Tracing biomarker of PAH-exposure and susceptibility factor (GSTM-polymorphism) among cancer patients in Pakistan. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 178:384-390. [PMID: 28340461 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We studied cancer patients for possible PAH exposure, using urinary concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) as a biomarker of internal dose of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The subjects included in this study belonged to various socio-demographic backgrounds, and were diagnosed with cancer (i.e. lung, head and neck or digestive tract cancer). In general, we observed high concentration of urinary 1-OHP among digestive tract cancer patients, compared with the controls (CN) (mean 1.06, median 1.03 and mean 0.62, median 0.63 μmol/mol-Cr in digestive tract cancer patients and controls respectively). The concentrations of urinary 1-OHP were higher than the background level of PAHs; therefore, these groups could have been exposed to PAHs. Highest urinary 1-OHP concentration was observed in digestive tract cancer patients (median 1.25 μmol/mol-Cr) with GSTM-1 genotype. The results of PCA were consistent with qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The contribution of urinary 1-OHP eigenvector revealed a relatively high PAH-exposure among cancer patients compared with CN, while diet and age were influential parameters among cancer patients, which could have a strong link in cancer etiology in the selected exposure groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasir Abdur Rehman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Atif Kamal
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Department of Environmental Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah (PMAS) Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Malik Mumtaz Taqi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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Lewis JJ, Hollingsworth JW, Chartier RT, Cooper EM, Foster WM, Gomes GL, Kussin PS, MacInnis JJ, Padhi BK, Panigrahi P, Rodes CE, Ryde IT, Singha AK, Stapleton HM, Thornburg J, Young CJ, Meyer JN, Pattanayak SK. Biogas Stoves Reduce Firewood Use, Household Air Pollution, and Hospital Visits in Odisha, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:560-569. [PMID: 27785914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Traditional cooking using biomass is associated with ill health, local environmental degradation, and regional climate change. Clean stoves (liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), biogas, and electric) are heralded as a solution, but few studies have demonstrated their environmental health benefits in field settings. We analyzed the impact of mainly biogas (as well as electric and LPG) stove use on social, environmental, and health outcomes in two districts in Odisha, India, where the Indian government has promoted household biogas. We established a cross-sectional observational cohort of 105 households that use either traditional mud stoves or improved cookstoves (ICS). Our multidisciplinary team conducted surveys, environmental air sampling, fuel weighing, and health measurements. We examined associations between traditional or improved stove use and primary outcomes, stratifying households by proximity to major industrial plants. ICS use was associated with 91% reduced use of firewood (p < 0.01), substantial time savings for primary cooks, a 72% reduction in PM2.5, a 78% reduction in PAH levels, and significant reductions in water-soluble organic carbon and nitrogen (p < 0.01) in household air samples. ICS use was associated with reduced time in the hospital with acute respiratory infection and reduced diastolic blood pressure but not with other health measurements. We find many significant gains from promoting rural biogas stoves in a context in which traditional stove use persists, although pollution levels in ICS households still remained above WHO guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Lewis
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University , 450 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - John W Hollingsworth
- Department of Medicine, Duke University , 106 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Ryan T Chartier
- RTI International , 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Durham, North Carolina 27701, United States
| | - Ellen M Cooper
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University , 450 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - William Michael Foster
- Department of Medicine, Duke University , 106 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Genna L Gomes
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University , 450 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Peter S Kussin
- Department of Medicine, Duke University , 106 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - John J MacInnis
- Memorial University , St. John's, P.O. Box 4200, Newfoundland A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Bijaya K Padhi
- Asian Institute of Public Health , 1037, Sriram Nagar, Old Town, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751002, India
| | - Pinaki Panigrahi
- Center for Global Health and Development, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center , 984341 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Charles E Rodes
- RTI International , 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Durham, North Carolina 27701, United States
| | - Ian T Ryde
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University , 450 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ashok K Singha
- CTRAN Consulting , A1-A2, Lewis Plaza, Lewis Road, Bhubaneswar 751014, India
| | - Heather M Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University , 450 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Jonathan Thornburg
- RTI International , 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Durham, North Carolina 27701, United States
| | - Cora J Young
- Memorial University , St. John's, P.O. Box 4200, Newfoundland A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University , 450 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Subhrendu K Pattanayak
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University , 450 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Sanford School of Public Policy , 201 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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Ielpo P, Fermo P, Comite V, Mastroianni D, Viviano G, Salerno F, Tartari G. Chemical characterization of biomass fuel particulate deposits and ashes in households of Mt. Everest region (NEPAL). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 573:751-759. [PMID: 27591525 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
During a sampling campaign, carried out during June 2012, inside some traditional households located in four villages (Phakding, Namche, Pangboche and Tukla) of Mt. Everest region in southern part of the central Himalaya (Nepal), particulate matter (PM) depositions and ashes have been collected. Moreover, outdoor PM depositions have also been analyzed. Chemical characterization of PM depositions and ashes for major ions, organic carbon, elemental carbon (EC), metal content and PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) allowed identifying, as major contributes to indoor PM, the following sources: biomass burning, cooking and chimney ashes. These sources significantly affect outdoor PM depositions: in-house biomass burning is the major source for outdoor EC and K+ as well as biomass burning and cooking activities are the major sources for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierina Ielpo
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, via F. de Blasio 5, 70132 Bari, Italy; Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, s.p. Lecce-Monteroni km 1,2, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Paola Fermo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Comite
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Mastroianni
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Via Salaria km 29,300, C.P. 10 00015 Monterotondo, St. (RM), Italy
| | - Gaetano Viviano
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, via del Mulino 19, 20861 Brugherio, Italy
| | - Franco Salerno
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, via del Mulino 19, 20861 Brugherio, Italy
| | - Gianni Tartari
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, via del Mulino 19, 20861 Brugherio, Italy
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Ghorani-Azam A, Riahi-Zanjani B, Balali-Mood M. Effects of air pollution on human health and practical measures for prevention in Iran. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 21:65. [PMID: 27904610 PMCID: PMC5122104 DOI: 10.4103/1735-1995.189646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a major concern of new civilized world, which has a serious toxicological impact on human health and the environment. It has a number of different emission sources, but motor vehicles and industrial processes contribute the major part of air pollution. According to the World Health Organization, six major air pollutants include particle pollution, ground-level ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and lead. Long and short term exposure to air suspended toxicants has a different toxicological impact on human including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, neuropsychiatric complications, the eyes irritation, skin diseases, and long-term chronic diseases such as cancer. Several reports have revealed the direct association between exposure to the poor air quality and increasing rate of morbidity and mortality mostly due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Air pollution is considered as the major environmental risk factor in the incidence and progression of some diseases such as asthma, lung cancer, ventricular hypertrophy, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, psychological complications, autism, retinopathy, fetal growth, and low birth weight. In this review article, we aimed to discuss toxicology of major air pollutants, sources of emission, and their impact on human health. We have also proposed practical measures to reduce air pollution in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Ghorani-Azam
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bamdad Riahi-Zanjani
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Balali-Mood
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Xiao S, Liu R, Wei Y, Feng L, Lv X, Tang F. Air pollution and blood lipid markers levels: Estimating short and long-term effects on elderly hypertension inpatients complicated with or without type 2 diabetes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 215:135-140. [PMID: 27180144 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
With the development of society and the economy, many Chinese cities are shrouded in pollution haze for much of the year. Scientific studies have identified various adverse effects of air pollutants on human beings. However, the relationships between air pollution and blood lipid levels are still unclear. The objective of this study is to explore the short and long-term effects of air pollution on eight blood lipid markers among elderly hypertension inpatients complicated with or without type 2 diabetes (T2D). Blood lipid markers which met the pre-established inclusion criteria were exported from the medical record system. Air pollution data were acquired from the official environmental protection website. Associations between the air quality index and the blood lipid indexes were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and further Bonferroni correction. In an exposure time of 7 days or longer, blood lipid markers were somewhat affected by poor air quality. However, the results could not predict whether atherosclerosis would be promoted or inhibited by poorer air condition. Changes of blood lipid markers of hypertension inpatients with or without T2D were not completely the same, but no blood lipid markers had an opposite trend between the two populations. The air quality index was associated with changes to blood lipid markers to some extent in a population of hypertension inpatients with or without T2D. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential mechanism by which air pollutants induce blood lipids changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanhua Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ranran Liu
- Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, China
| | - Youxiu Wei
- Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xuemin Lv
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fei Tang
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Golshahi J, Sadeghi M, Saqira M, Zavar R, Sadeghifar M, Roohafza H. Exposure to occupational air pollution and cardiac function in workers of the Esfahan Steel Industry, Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:11759-11765. [PMID: 26946505 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6334-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is recognized as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We investigated association of exposure to occupational air pollution and cardiac function in the workers of the steel industry. Fifty male workers of the agglomeration and coke-making parts of the Esfahan Steel Company were randomly selected (n = 50). Workers in the administrative parts were studied as controls (n = 50). Those with known history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, or diabetes, and active smokers were not included. Data of age, body mass index, employment duration, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, and lipid profile were gathered. Echocardiography was performed to evaluate cardiac function. Left ventricular ejection fraction was lower in workers of the agglomeration/coke-making parts than in controls (mean difference = 5 to 5.5 %, P < 0.001). Mild right ventricular dilatation and grade I pulmonary hypertension were present in three (12 %) workers of the coke-making part, but none of the controls (P = 0.010). According to these results, occupational air pollution exposure in workers of the steel industry is associated with left heart systolic dysfunction. Possible right heart insults due to air pollution exposure warrant further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Golshahi
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sadeghi
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Saqira
- Hypertension Research Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Zavar
- Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Sadeghifar
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Roohafza
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Fatmi Z, Coggon D. Coronary heart disease and household air pollution from use of solid fuel: a systematic review. Br Med Bull 2016; 118:91-109. [PMID: 27151956 PMCID: PMC4973663 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldw015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence is emerging that indoor air pollution (IAP) from use of solid fuels for cooking and heating may be an important risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). SOURCES OF DATA We searched the Ovid Medline, Embase Classic, Embase and Web of Science databases from inception through to June 12, 2015, to identify reports of primary epidemiological research concerning the relationship of CHD to IAP from solid fuel, the likely magnitude of any increase in risk, and potential pathogenic mechanisms. AREAS OF AGREEMENT The current balance of epidemiological evidence points to an increased risk of CHD from IAP as a consequence of using solid, and especially biomass, fuels for cooking and heating. Relative risks from long-term exposure could be 2- to 4-fold. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY The evidence base is still limited, and although an association of CHD with such IAP from solid fuel is consistent with the known hazards from smoking, environmental tobacco smoke and ambient air pollution, and supported by evidence of effects on inflammatory processes, atherosclerosis and blood pressure, it requires confirmation by larger and more robust studies. GROWING POINTS The completion of two relatively small case-control studies on CHD and IAP from use of biomass fuel demonstrates the feasibility of such research, and is an encouragement to further, larger studies using similar methods. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH The need for such research is particularly pressing because the incidence of CHD in developing countries is rising, and IAP may interact synergistically with the risk factors that are driving that increase. Furthermore, relatively cheap methods are available to reduce IAP from use of solid fuels, and there are indications from intervention studies that these may impact beneficially on CHD as well as other diseases caused by such pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Fatmi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - David Coggon
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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