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Tagne-Fotso R, Riou M, Saoudi A, Zeghnoun A, Frederiksen H, Berman T, Montazeri P, Andersson AM, Rodriguez-Martin L, Akesson A, Berglund M, Biot P, Castaño A, Charles MA, Cocco E, Den Hond E, Dewolf MC, Esteban-Lopez M, Gilles L, Govarts E, Guignard C, Gutleb AC, Hartmann C, Kold Jensen T, Koppen G, Kosjek T, Lambrechts N, McEachan R, Sakhi AK, Snoj Tratnik J, Uhl M, Urquiza J, Vafeiadi M, Van Nieuwenhuyse A, Vrijheid M, Weber T, Zaros C, Tarroja-Aulina E, Knudsen LE, Covaci A, Barouki R, Kolossa-Gehring M, Schoeters G, Denys S, Fillol C, Rambaud L. Exposure to bisphenol A in European women from 2007 to 2014 using human biomonitoring data - The European Joint Programme HBM4EU. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 190:108912. [PMID: 39116556 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA; or 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol) is an endocrine disrupting chemical. It was widely used in a variety of plastic-based manufactured products for several years. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recently reduced the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) for BPA by 20,000 times due to concerns about immune-toxicity. OBJECTIVE We used human biomonitoring (HBM) data to investigate the general level of BPA exposure from 2007 to 2014 of European women aged 18-73 years (n = 4,226) and its determinants. METHODS Fifteen studies from 12 countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Israel, Luxembourg, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom) were included in the BPA Study protocol developed within the European Joint Programme HBM4EU. Seventy variables related to the BPA exposure were collected through a rigorous post-harmonization process. Linear mixed regression models were used to investigate the determinants of total urine BPA in the combined population. RESULTS Total BPA was quantified in 85-100 % of women in 14 out of 15 contributing studies. Only the Austrian PBAT study (Western Europe), which had a limit of quantification 2.5 to 25-fold higher than the other studies (LOQ=2.5 µg/L), found total BPA in less than 5 % of the urine samples analyzed. The geometric mean (GM) of total urine BPA ranged from 0.77 to 2.47 µg/L among the contributing studies. The lowest GM of total BPA was observed in France (Western Europe) from the ELFE subset (GM=0.77 µg/L (0.98 µg/g creatinine), n = 1741), and the highest levels were found in Belgium (Western Europe) and Greece (Southern Europe), from DEMOCOPHES (GM=2.47 µg/L (2.26 µg/g creatinine), n = 129) and HELIX-RHEA (GM=2.47 µg/L (2.44 µg/g creatinine), n = 194) subsets, respectively. One hundred percent of women in 14 out of 15 data collections in this study exceeded the health-based human biomonitoring guidance value for the general population (HBM-GVGenPop) of 0.0115 µg total BPA/L urine derived from the updated EFSA's BPA TDI. Variables related to the measurement of total urine BPA and those related to the main socio-demographic characteristics (age, height, weight, education, smoking status) were collected in almost all studies, while several variables related to BPA exposure factors were not gathered in most of the original studies (consumption of beverages contained in plastic bottles, consumption of canned food or beverages, consumption of food in contact with plastic packaging, use of plastic film or plastic containers for food, having a plastic floor covering in the house, use of thermal paper…). No clear determinants of total urine BPA concentrations among European women were found. A broader range of data planned for collection in the original questionnaires of the contributing studies would have resulted in a more thorough investigation of the determinants of BPA exposure in European women. CONCLUSION This study highlights the urgent need for action to further reduce exposure to BPA to protect the population, as is already the case in the European Union. The study also underscores the importance of pre-harmonizing HBM design and data for producing comparable data and interpretable results at a European-wide level, and to increase HBM uptake by regulatory agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romuald Tagne-Fotso
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Santé publique France, The French Public Health Agency (SpFrance, ANSP), 12 rue du Val d'Osne, Saint-Maurice Cedex 94415, France.
| | - Margaux Riou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Santé publique France, The French Public Health Agency (SpFrance, ANSP), 12 rue du Val d'Osne, Saint-Maurice Cedex 94415, France
| | - Abdessattar Saoudi
- Department of Data Support, Data Processing and Analysis, Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Abdelkrim Zeghnoun
- Department of Data Support, Data Processing and Analysis, Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Hanne Frederiksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tamar Berman
- Israel Ministry of Health (MOH-IL), Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Parisa Montazeri
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Anna-Maria Andersson
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Agneta Akesson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marika Berglund
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pierre Biot
- Federal Public Service Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Argelia Castaño
- National Center for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marie-Aline Charles
- French Institute for Demographic Studies (INED), French Institute for Medical Research and Health (Inserm), French Blood Agency, ELFE Joint Unit, Aubervilliers, France; Inserm UMR 1153, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Team Early Life Research on Later Health, University of Paris, Villejuif, France
| | - Emmanuelle Cocco
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Elly Den Hond
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium; Provincial Institute of Hygiene (PIH), Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Marta Esteban-Lopez
- National Center for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Liese Gilles
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Eva Govarts
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Cedric Guignard
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Arno C Gutleb
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | | | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Public Health, Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark
| | - Gudrun Koppen
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Tina Kosjek
- Jozef Stefan Institute (JSI), Department of Environmental Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nathalie Lambrechts
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Rosemary McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Janja Snoj Tratnik
- Jozef Stefan Institute (JSI), Department of Environmental Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maria Uhl
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jose Urquiza
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Marina Vafeiadi
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - An Van Nieuwenhuyse
- Department Health Protection, Laboratoire national de santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg; Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Till Weber
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Berlin, Germany
| | - Cécile Zaros
- French Institute for Demographic Studies (INED), French Institute for Medical Research and Health (Inserm), French Blood Agency, ELFE Joint Unit, Aubervilliers, France
| | | | | | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Robert Barouki
- Inserm UMR S-1124, University of Paris, T3S, Paris, France; Biochemistry, Metabolomics, and Proteomics Department, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Greet Schoeters
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sebastien Denys
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Santé publique France, The French Public Health Agency (SpFrance, ANSP), 12 rue du Val d'Osne, Saint-Maurice Cedex 94415, France
| | - Clemence Fillol
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Santé publique France, The French Public Health Agency (SpFrance, ANSP), 12 rue du Val d'Osne, Saint-Maurice Cedex 94415, France
| | - Loïc Rambaud
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Santé publique France, The French Public Health Agency (SpFrance, ANSP), 12 rue du Val d'Osne, Saint-Maurice Cedex 94415, France
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Ambaye TG, Hassani A, Vaccari M, Franzetti A, Prasad S, Formicola F, Rosatelli A, Rehman MZU, Mohanakrishna G, Ganachari SV, Aminabhavi TM, Rtimi S. Emerging technologies for the removal of pesticides from contaminated soils and their reuse in agriculture. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142433. [PMID: 38815812 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides are becoming more prevalent in agriculture to protect crops and increase crop yields. However, nearly all pesticides used for this purpose reach non-target crops and remain as residues for extended periods. Contamination of soil by widespread pesticide use, as well as its toxicity to humans and other living organisms, is a global concern. This has prompted us to find solutions and develop alternative remediation technologies for sustainable management. This article reviews recent technological developments for remediating pesticides from contaminated soil, focusing on the following major points: (1) The application of various pesticide types and their properties, the sources of pesticides related to soil pollution, their transport and distribution, their fate, the impact on soil and human health, and the extrinsic and intrinsic factors that affect the remediation process are the main points of focus. (2) Sustainable pesticide degradation mechanisms and various emerging nano- and bioelectrochemical soil remediation technologies. (3) The feasible and long-term sustainable research and development approaches that are required for on-site pesticide removal from soils, as well as prospects for applying them directly in agricultural fields. In this critical analysis, we found that bioremediation technology has the potential for up to 90% pesticide removal from the soil. The complete removal of pesticides through a single biological treatment approach is still a challenging task; however, the combination of electrochemical oxidation and bioelectrochemical system approaches can achieve the complete removal of pesticides from soil. Further research is required to remove pesticides directly from soils in agricultural fields on a large-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teklit Gebregiorgis Ambaye
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, Brescia, 25123, Italy; Department of Environment and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Aydin Hassani
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, TRNC, Mersin 10, Turkey; Research Center for Science, Technology and Engineering (BILTEM), Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, TRNC, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Mentore Vaccari
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - Andrea Franzetti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences-DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 1 Milano, 20126, Italy
| | - Shiv Prasad
- Division of Environment Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Francesca Formicola
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences-DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 1 Milano, 20126, Italy
| | - Asia Rosatelli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences-DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 1 Milano, 20126, Italy
| | - Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Gunda Mohanakrishna
- Center for Energy and Environment (CEE), School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580 031, India
| | - Sharanabasava V Ganachari
- Center for Energy and Environment (CEE), School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580 031, India
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- Center for Energy and Environment (CEE), School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580 031, India; Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Sami Rtimi
- Global Institute for Water Environment and Health, 1210 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Luo R, Chen M, Hao S, Hun M, Luo S, Huang F, Lei Z, Zhao M. Associations of exposure to bisphenol-A or parabens with markers of liver injury/function among US adults in NHANES 2011-2016. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41370-024-00704-8. [PMID: 39020160 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00704-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol-A (BPA) and parabens are common endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) that are used extensively in consumer products worldwide and are widely found in the environment. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to comprehensively explore the correlations between urinary BPA/parabens levels and liver injury/function markers. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2011 to 2016. The exposure variables were urinary BPA and four urinary parabens [methylparaben (MPB), ethylparaben (EPB), propylparaben (PPB), and butylparaben (BPB)], while the outcome variables were indicators of liver function/injury [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), AST/ ALT, albumin (ALB), total protein (TP), total bilirubin (TBIL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4)]. Multiple linear regression and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression analyses were applied to explore the relationships between the individual/combined exposure variables and the liver injury/function indicators, respectively. Furthermore, stratified analysis was employed to detect the associations influenced by age and sex. RESULTS A total of 2,179 adults were eligible for the present analysis. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed positive associations of EPB with AST, ALT, TP, and FIB-4 scores and negative associations of BPA with TP and ALB. The effects of urinary parabens on adverse outcomes in the liver (AST and ALT) were significant in the female and middle-aged subgroups. In addition, the WQS analysis revealed that the mixture of four compounds was negatively associated with ALB. BPA had the greatest effect on the serum ALB concentration (weight = 0.688). IMPACT Our present study provided novel evidence of significant associations between BPA or certain parabens and numerous markers of liver injury/function indicators. We found that higher urinary BPA concentrations were associated with worse liver function. Exposure to high EPB/PPB ratios was significantly associated with biomarkers of liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkun Luo
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingcong Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuai Hao
- Department of Oncology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Marady Hun
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shaobin Luo
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feizhou Huang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhao Lei
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Ayodele A, Obeng-Gyasi E. Exploring the Potential Link between PFAS Exposure and Endometrial Cancer: A Review of Environmental and Sociodemographic Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:983. [PMID: 38473344 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This exploratory narrative review paper delves into the intricate interplay between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure, sociodemographic factors, and the influence of stressors in the context of endometrial cancer. PFAS, ubiquitous environmental contaminants notorious for their persistence in the ecosystem, have garnered attention for their potential to disrupt endocrine systems and provoke immune responses. We comprehensively examine the various sources of PFAS exposure, encompassing household items, water, air, and soil, thus shedding light on the multifaceted routes through which individuals encounter these compounds. Furthermore, we explore the influence of sociodemographic factors, such as income, education, occupation, ethnicity/race, and geographical location and their relationship to endometrial cancer risk. We also investigated the role of stress on PFAS exposure and endometrial cancer risk. The results revealed a significant impact of sociodemographic factors on both PFAS levels and endometrial cancer risk. Stress emerged as a notable contributing factor influencing PFAS exposure and the development of endometrial cancer, further emphasizing the importance of stress management practices for overall well-being. By synthesizing evidence from diverse fields, this review underscores the need for interdisciplinary research and targeted interventions to comprehensively address the complex relationship between PFAS, sociodemographic factors, stressors, and endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aderonke Ayodele
- Department of Built Environment, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Emmanuel Obeng-Gyasi
- Department of Built Environment, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
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Schildroth S, Bethea TN, Wesselink AK, Friedman A, Fruh V, Calafat AM, Wegienka G, Gaston S, Baird DD, Wise LA, Claus Henn B. Personal Care Products, Socioeconomic Status, and Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Mixtures in Black Women. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:3641-3653. [PMID: 38347750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Personal care products (PCPs) are sources of exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) among women, and socioeconomic status (SES) may influence these exposures. Black women have inequitable exposure to EDCs from PCP use, but no study has investigated how exposure to EDCs through PCPs may vary by SES, independent of race. Using data from the Study of Environment, Lifestyle, and Fibroids, a cohort of reproductive-aged Black women (n = 751), we quantified associations between PCPs and urinary biomarker concentrations of EDC mixtures (i.e., phthalates, phenols, parabens) within SES groups, defined using k-modes clustering based on education, income, marital status, and employment. Information about PCP use and SES was collected through questionnaires and interviews. We used principal component analysis to characterize the EDC mixture profiles. Stratified linear regression models were fit to assess associations between PCP use and EDC mixture profiles, quantified as mean differences in PC scores, by SES group. Associations between PCP use and EDC mixture profiles varied by SES group; e.g., vaginal powder use was associated with a mixture of phenols among lower SES women, whereas this association was null for higher SES women. Findings suggest that SES influences PCP EDC exposure in Black women, which has implications for public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Schildroth
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachussetts 02118, United States
| | - Traci N Bethea
- Office of Minority Health & Health Disparities Research, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington D. C. 20007, United States
| | - Amelia K Wesselink
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachussetts 02118, United States
| | - Alexa Friedman
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Victoria Fruh
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, United States
| | - Ganesa Wegienka
- Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Symielle Gaston
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Donna D Baird
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Lauren A Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachussetts 02118, United States
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
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Oh J, Shin HM, Kannan K, Calafat AM, Schmidt RJ, Hertz-Picciotto I, Bennett DH. Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Serum of 2 to 5 year-Old Children: Temporal Trends, Determinants, and Correlations with Maternal PFAS Concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58. [PMID: 38335968 PMCID: PMC10882966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Young children may experience higher per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure than adults due to breastfeeding, higher dust ingestion rates, and frequent hand-to-mouth activities. We explored temporal trends and determinants of child serum PFAS concentrations and their correlations with paired maternal PFAS concentrations. From 2009 to 2017, we collected one blood sample from each of 541 children aged 2-5 years participating in the Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment (CHARGE) study and quantified 14 PFAS in serum. For nine frequently detected PFAS (>65% of samples), we performed multiple regression adjusting for potential determinants to estimate mean percent concentration changes. For a subset of 327 children, we also quantified nine PFAS in their mother's serum collected at the same visit and computed Spearman correlation coefficients (rsp) between maternal and child PFAS concentrations. During 2009-2017, child serum concentrations of all nine PFAS decreased by 6-25% annually. Several PFAS concentrations were higher among non-Hispanic white children and those with highly educated parents. Most maternal and child PFAS concentrations were moderately correlated (rsp = 0.13-0.39), with a strong correlation for N-methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid (rsp = 0.68). Breastfeeding duration appeared to contribute to higher child and lower maternal PFAS concentrations, resulting in relatively weak correlations between maternal and child PFAS concentrations for samples collected in early childhood. Considering that more than half of our study children had neurodevelopmental concerns, the generalizability of our findings might be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Oh
- Department
of Public Health Sciences, University of
California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hyeong-Moo Shin
- Department
of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Division
of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12201, United States
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- National
Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Rebecca J. Schmidt
- Department
of Public Health Sciences, University of
California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- University
of California Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental
Disorders) Institute, Sacramento, California 98517, United States
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department
of Public Health Sciences, University of
California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- University
of California Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental
Disorders) Institute, Sacramento, California 98517, United States
| | - Deborah H. Bennett
- Department
of Public Health Sciences, University of
California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Stübner C, Nielsen C, Jakobsson K, Gillberg C, Miniscalco C. Early-Life Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) and Child Language and Communication Development: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7170. [PMID: 38131721 PMCID: PMC10742458 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20247170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Language development starts during the fetal period when the brain is sensitive to endocrine disruptions from environmental contaminants. This systematic review aims to systematically summarize the existing literature on early-life exposure to PFAS and children's language and communication development, which is an indicator of neurocognitive development. A structured literature search was conducted using three databases, PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL, last updated in April 2023. The population was defined as children and young adults. PFAS exposure was assessed pre- or postnatally. The outcome was defined as a language and communication ability assessed with validated instruments, parental self-reports, or clinical language disorder diagnoses. In total, 15 studies were identified for subsequent analyses. Thirteen were performed in background-exposed populations and two in highly exposed populations. There were some indications of potential adverse effects; however, these were not consistent across child sex, age of assessment, or PFAS exposure levels. No systematic effect of early-life PFAS exposure on language and communication development was found. These inconclusive findings may partly be explained by the use of general test instruments with limited validity as to children's language and communication development. Further studies over a wider exposure range using specific language test instruments are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Stübner
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden; (C.G.); (C.M.)
- Department of Pediatric Speech and Language Pathology, Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 416 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christel Nielsen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 223 81 Lund, Sweden;
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Kristina Jakobsson
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christopher Gillberg
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden; (C.G.); (C.M.)
- Department of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 416 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carmela Miniscalco
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden; (C.G.); (C.M.)
- Department of Pediatric Speech and Language Pathology, Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 416 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 416 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
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8
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Freisthler M, Winchester PW, Young HA, Haas DM. Perinatal health effects of herbicides exposures in the United States: the Heartland Study, a Midwestern birth cohort study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2308. [PMID: 37993831 PMCID: PMC10664386 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17171-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the Heartland Study is to address major knowledge gaps concerning the health effects of herbicides on maternal and infant health. To achieve this goal, a two-phased, prospective longitudinal cohort study is being conducted. Phase 1 is designed to evaluate associations between biomarkers of herbicide concentration and pregnancy/childbirth outcomes. Phase 2 is designed to evaluate potential associations between herbicide biomarkers and early childhood neurological development. METHODS People (target enrollment of 2,000) who are seeking prenatal care, are ages 18 or older, and are ≤ 20 + 6 weeks gestation will be eligible for recruitment. The Heartland Study will utilize a combination of questionnaire data and biospecimen collections to meet the study objectives. One prenatal urine and buccal sample will be collected per trimester to assess the impact of herbicide concentration levels on pregnancy outcomes. Infant buccal specimens will be collected post-delivery. All questionnaires will be collected by trained study staff and clinic staff will remain blinded to all individual level research data. All data will be stored in a secure REDCap database. Hospitals in the agriculturally intensive states in the Midwestern region will be recruited as study sites. Currently participating clinical sites include Indiana University School of Medicine- affiliated Hospitals in Indianapolis, Indiana; Franciscan Health Center in Indianapolis, Indiana; Gundersen Lutheran Medical Center in La Crosse, Wisconsin, and University of Iowa in Iowa City, Iowa. An anticipated 30% of the total enrollment will be recruited from rural areas to evaluate herbicide concentrations among those pregnant people residing in the rural Midwest. Perinatal outcomes (e.g. birth outcomes, preterm birth, preeclampsia, etc.) will be extracted by trained study teams and analyzed for their relationship to herbicide concentration levels using appropriate multivariable models. DISCUSSION Though decades of study have shown that environmental chemicals may have important impacts on the health of parents and infants, there is a paucity of prospective longitudinal data on reproductive impacts of herbicides. The recent, rapid increases in herbicide use across agricultural regions of the United States necessitate further research into the human health effects of these chemicals, particularly in pregnant people. The Heartland Study provides an invaluable opportunity to evaluate health impacts of herbicides during pregnancy and beyond. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov, NCT05492708 with initial registration and release 05 August, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlaina Freisthler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute of Public Health, George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW #2, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Paul W Winchester
- Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Riley Children's Hospital, Indiana University School of Medicine, 699 Riley Hospital Dr RR 208, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Franciscan Health, Indianapolis, 8111 South Emerson Avenue, Indianapolis, IN, 46237, USA
| | - Heather A Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute for Public Health, George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW #2, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - David M Haas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 550 N. University Blvd, Indianapolis, IN, UH2440, USA.
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9
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Ren Z, Bosma H, Wesselius A, Eussen SJ, Kooi ME, van der Kallen CJ, Koster A, van Greevenbroek MM, Dagnelie P, Stehouwer CD, Brouwers MC. Traditional lifestyle factors partly mediate the association of socioeconomic position with intrahepatic lipid content: The Maastricht study. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100855. [PMID: 37771365 PMCID: PMC10522893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Recent studies have unveiled an association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and intrahepatic lipid (IHL) content. The aim of this study was to examine to what extent traditional lifestyle factors mediate the relationship between SEP and IHL content, independent of aetiology, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods We used cross-sectional data derived from The Maastricht Study (N = 4,001; mean age: 60 years, 49% women, 32% low education level, 21% diabetes, 21% NAFLD). Education, income, and occupation were used as indicators of SEP. Physical activity (accelerometer), intake of total energy, alcohol, saturated fat, protein, vitamin E, dietary fibre, and fructose from sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and fruit juice (food frequency questionnaires) were potential mediators. IHL content was quantified by magnetic resonance imaging. Age, sex, and type 2 diabetes were covariates. Multiple parallel mediation analyses (bootstraps = 10,000) were performed. Results Individuals with a low education level had a 1.056-fold higher IHL content (95% CI: 1.03-1.08) and a 44% greater NAFLD risk (OR:1.44; 95% CI:1.18-1.77) compared with those with higher education levels. Approximately 8.9% of educational disparity in risk of IHL content was attributable to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; 6.3% to fructose intake from SSBs; 5.5% to dietary fibre; and -23% to alcohol. Approximately 8.7% of educational disparity in risk of NAFLD was attributable to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; and 7.7% to fructose intake from SSBs. However, the indirect effect of these mediators was small (0.998 for IHL content and 1.045 for NAFLD) in comparison to the total effect. Similar results were found when income and occupation were used as SEP indicators. Conclusions Societal measures may alleviate the burden of NAFLD and further studies that identify mediators other than traditional lifestyle factors are warranted to define the relationship underlying SEP and IHL content. Impact and implications Individuals with a low or medium level of education, income, or occupational status had more fat accumulation in their livers than individuals with a higher education, income, or occupational status. This difference may be attributed to the influence of unhealthy lifestyle factors, such as reduced physical activity and a higher intake of sugar-sweetened beverages among individuals with lower socioeconomic position. Nevertheless, other yet unknown factors may also play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhewen Ren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Bosma
- Department of Social Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Wesselius
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Simone J.P.M. Eussen
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M. Eline Kooi
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carla J.H. van der Kallen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Koster
- Department of Social Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen M.J. van Greevenbroek
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Dagnelie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Coen D.A. Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn C.G.J. Brouwers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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10
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Montazeri P, Güil-Oumrait N, Marquez S, Cirugeda L, Beneito A, Guxens M, Lertxundi A, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Santa-Marina L, Sunyer J, Casas M, Vrijheid M. Prenatal Exposure to Multiple Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Childhood BMI Trajectories in the INMA Cohort Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:107006. [PMID: 37850789 PMCID: PMC10583704 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may disrupt normal fetal and postnatal growth. Studies have mainly focused on individual aspects of growth at specific time points using single chemical exposure models. However, humans are exposed to multiple EDCs simultaneously, and growth is a dynamic process. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between prenatal exposure to EDCs and children's body mass index (BMI) growth trajectories using single exposure and mixture modeling approaches. METHODS Using data from the INfancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) Spanish birth cohort (n = 1,911 ), prenatal exposure to persistent chemicals [hexachlorobenzene (HCB), 4-4'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB-138, -150, and -180), 4 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)] and nonpersistent chemicals (8 phthalate metabolites, 7 phenols) was assessed using blood and spot urine concentrations. BMI growth trajectories were calculated from birth to 9 years of age using latent class growth analysis. Multinomial regression was used to assess associations for single exposures, and Bayesian weighted quantile sum (BWQS) regression was used to evaluate the EDC mixture's association with child growth trajectories. RESULTS In single exposure models exposure to HCB, DDE, PCBs, and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) were associated with increased risk of belonging to a trajectory of lower birth size followed by accelerated BMI gain by 19%-32%, compared with a trajectory of average birth size and subsequent slower BMI gain [e.g., relative risk ratio (RRR) per doubling in DDE concentration = 1.19 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.35); RRR for PFNA = 1.32 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.66)]. HCB and DDE exposure were also associated with higher probability of belonging to a trajectory of higher birth size and accelerated BMI gain. Results from the BWQS regression showed the mixture was positively associated with increased odds of belonging to a BMI trajectory of lower birth size and accelerated BMI gain (odds ratio per 1-quantile increase of the mixture = 1.70 ; credible interval: 1.03, 2.61), with HCB, DDE, and PCBs contributing the most. DISCUSSION This study provides evidence that prenatal EDC exposure, particularly persistent EDCs, may lead to BMI trajectories in childhood characterized by accelerated BMI gain. Given that accelerated growth is linked to a higher disease risk in later life, continued research is important. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11103.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Montazeri
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Güil-Oumrait
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Marquez
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Cirugeda
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Beneito
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Mònica Guxens
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
- Biodonostia, Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development Group, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, University of the Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, València, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Loreto Santa-Marina
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
- Biodonostia, Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development Group, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital de Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maribel Casas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Lopez-Doriga Ruiz P, Stene LC. Is socio-economic status associated with risk of childhood type 1 diabetes? Literature review. Diabet Med 2023; 40:e15182. [PMID: 37489698 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Studies of social inequality and risk of developing type 1 diabetes are inconsistent. The present review aimed to comprehensively review relevant literature and describe what has been reported on socio-economic status or parental occupation and risk of type 1 diabetes in children. METHODS We searched for publications between 1 January 1970 and 30 November 2021. We focused on the most recent and/or informative publication in cases of multiple publications from the same data source and referred to these as primary studies. RESULTS Our search identified 69 publications with relevant data. We identified eight primary cohort studies with individual-level data, which we considered the highest quality of evidence. Furthermore, we identified 13 primary case-control studies and 14 semi-ecological studies with area-level socio-economic status variables which provided a weaker quality of evidence. Four of eight primary cohort studies contained data on maternal education, showing non-linear associations with type 1 diabetes that were not consistent across studies. There was no consistent pattern on the association of parental occupation and childhood-onset type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS There is a need for more high-quality studies, but the existing literature does not suggest a major and consistent role of socio-economic status in the risk of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paz Lopez-Doriga Ruiz
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars C Stene
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Drago G, Ruggieri S, Sprovieri M, Rizzo G, Colombo P, Giosuè C, Quinci E, Traina A, Gastaldelli A, Cibella F, Panunzi S. Exposure profiles in pregnant women from a birth cohort in a highly contaminated area of southern Italy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14815. [PMID: 37684286 PMCID: PMC10491776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41865-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Protecting the health of pregnant women from environmental stressors is crucial for reducing the burden of non-communicable diseases. In industrially contaminated sites, this action is particularly challenging due to the heterogeneous pollutant mixtures in environmental matrices. The aim of this study was to evaluate distribution patterns of mercury, hexachlorobenzene and polychlorobiphenyls in the serum of 161 pregnant women recruited in the framework of the Neonatal Environment and Health Outcomes (NEHO) cohort and living both inside and outside the National Priority Contaminated Site (NPCS) of Priolo. Food macro-categories were determined, and serum levels of contaminants were used to perform k-means cluster analysis and identify the role of food in pollutant transfer from the environment. Two groups of mothers with high and low measured pollutant levels were distinguished. Concentrations in mothers in the high-exposure cluster were at least twofold for all the evaluated pollutants (p < 0.0001) and included mothers living inside and outside NPCS, with a predominance of individuals from the NPCS (p = 0.045). Fish consumption was higher in the high-exposure cluster (p = 0.019). These findings suggest a link between contamination of environmental matrices such as sediment with maternal exposure, through the intake of local food. Such consideration appears poorly investigated in the context of contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspare Drago
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvia Ruggieri
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Mario Sprovieri
- Institute of Marine Sciences, National Research Council of Italy, Arsenale-Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122, Venice, Italy
| | - Giulia Rizzo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paolo Colombo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cristina Giosuè
- Institute of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo 4521, 90149, Palermo, Italy
| | - Enza Quinci
- Institute of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Via del Mare 3, Torretta Granitola, 91021, Trapani, Italy
| | - Anna Traina
- Institute of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo 4521, 90149, Palermo, Italy
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Cibella
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Panunzi
- Institute for System Analysis and Computer Science-BioMatLab, National Research Council of Italy, Via dei Taurini 19, 00168, Rome, Italy
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13
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Weyde KVF, Winterton A, Surén P, Andersen GL, Vik T, Biele G, Knutsen HK, Thomsen C, Meltzer HM, Skogheim TS, Engel SM, Aase H, Villanger GD. Association between gestational levels of toxic metals and essential elements and cerebral palsy in children. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1124943. [PMID: 37662050 PMCID: PMC10470125 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1124943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disability in childhood, but its causes are only partly known. Early-life exposure to toxic metals and inadequate or excess amounts of essential elements can adversely affect brain and nervous system development. However, little is still known about these as perinatal risk factors for CP. This study aims to investigate the associations between second trimester maternal blood levels of toxic metals, essential elements, and mixtures thereof, with CP diagnoses in children. Methods In a large, population-based prospective birth cohort (The Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study), children with CP diagnoses were identified through The Norwegian Patient Registry and Cerebral Palsy Registry of Norway. One hundred forty-four children with CP and 1,082 controls were included. The relationship between maternal blood concentrations of five toxic metals and six essential elements and CP diagnoses were investigated using mixture approaches: elastic net with stability selection to identify important metals/elements in the mixture in relation to CP; then logistic regressions of the selected metals/elements to estimate odds ratio (OR) of CP and two-way interactions among metals/elements and with child sex and maternal education. Finally, the joint effects of the mixtures on CP diagnoses were estimated using quantile-based g-computation analyses. Results The essential elements manganese and copper, as well as the toxic metal Hg, were the most important in relation to CP. Elevated maternal levels of copper (OR = 1.40) and manganese (OR = 1.20) were associated with increased risk of CP, while Hg levels were, counterintuitively, inversely related to CP. Metal/element interactions that were associated with CP were observed, and that sex and maternal education influenced the relationships between metals/elements and CP. In the joint mixture approach no significant association between the mixture of metals/elements and CP (OR = 1.00, 95% CI = [0.67, 1.50]) was identified. Conclusion Using mixture approaches, elevated levels of copper and manganese measured in maternal blood during the second trimester could be related to increased risk of CP in children. The inverse associations between maternal Hg and CP could reflect Hg as a marker of maternal fish intake and thus nutrients beneficial for foetal brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjell Vegard F. Weyde
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adriano Winterton
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Surén
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guro L. Andersen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torstein Vik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Guido Biele
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle K. Knutsen
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Thomsen
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle M. Meltzer
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thea S. Skogheim
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephanie M. Engel
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Heidi Aase
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gro D. Villanger
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Xu X, Wang YQ, Dong CY, Hu CP, Zhang LN, Gao ZY, Li MM, Wang SS, Yan CH. Determinants affecting the blood mercury levels of preschool children in Shanghai, China: A cross-sectional study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:90980-90992. [PMID: 37468774 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Infants and children are vulnerable to mercury (Hg)-induced toxicity, which has detrimental effects on their neurological development. This study measured blood Hg levels (BMLs) and identified potential factors influencing BMLs, including demographic and socioeconomic factors, lifestyle, and daily dietary habits, among 0 to 7-year-old children in Shanghai. Our study recruited 1474 participants, comprising 784 boys and 690 girls. Basic demographic and lifestyle information were obtained and blood Hg were analyzed using the Direct Mercury Analyzer 80. The blood Hg concentrations of children in Shanghai ranged from 0.01 to 17.20 μg/L, with a median concentration of 1.34 μg/L. Older age, higher familial socioeconomic status, higher residential floors, and a higher frequency of consuming aquatic products, rice, vegetables, and formula milk were identified as risk factors. Other potential influencing factors including the mother's reproductive history (gravidity and parity), smoking (passive smoking), supplementation of fish oil and calcium need to be further investigated. These findings can be useful in establishing appropriate interventions to prevent children's high blood Hg concentrations in Shanghai and other similar metropolitan cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xu
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yu-Qing Wang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chen-Yin Dong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Ping Hu
- Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li-Na Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Yan Gao
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Ming Li
- Children's Health Department, Shanghai Center for Women and Children's Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Su-Su Wang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chong-Huai Yan
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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15
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Sørensen MM, Fisker AB, Dalgård C, Jensen KJ, Nielsen F, Benn CS, Grandjean P, Timmermann A. Predictors of serum- per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) concentrations among infants in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 228:115784. [PMID: 37011795 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge about PFAS exposure in Africa is limited. We have previously detected six types of PFAS in the serum of infants from Guinea-Bissau, West Africa. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of the infant serum-PFAS concentrations. METHODS This cross-sectional study was based on a subset of data from a randomized controlled trial of early measles vaccination performed in 2012-2015 in three rural regions of Guinea-Bissau. Blood samples were obtained from 237 children aged 4-to-7 months, and six types of PFAS were quantified in serum. Location of residence was recorded, and information about predictors related to socioeconomic status as well as maternal and child characteristics were obtained through structured interviews with the mothers through routine surveillance. Associations between potential predictors and infant serum-PFAS concentrations were examined in linear regression models while adjusting for potential confounding and mediating factors as identified in a directed acyclic graph. RESULTS Infants from the Cacheu region had the lowest concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), while infants from the Oio region had the lowest concentrations of all other PFAS. Compared to infants from Oio, infant serum-perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) concentrations were 94.1% (95% CI: 52.4, 147.1%) and 81.9% (95% CI: 45.7, 127.1%) higher in Cacheu and Biombo, respectively. Higher maternal age and lower parity were associated with slightly higher child-serum perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) concentrations, while infants with higher socioeconomic status and infants breastfed without supplementary solid foods at inclusion had higher average concentrations of most PFAS, although the confidence intervals were wide and overlapped zero. DISCUSSION Location of residence was the most important determinant of serum-PFAS concentrations among Guinea-Bissau infants, indicating a potential role of diet as affected by the global spread of PFAS, but future studies should explore reasons for the regional differences in PFAS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzanna Marianna Sørensen
- Research Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ane Bærent Fisker
- Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau; OPEN, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark/Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christine Dalgård
- Research Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Jarlov Jensen
- Copenhagen Phase IV Unit, Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Nielsen
- Research Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christine Stabell Benn
- OPEN, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark/Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Philippe Grandjean
- Research Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Amalie Timmermann
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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16
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Zuazua-Ros A, de Brito Andrade L, Dorregaray-Oyaregui S, Martín-Gómez C, Ramos González JC, Manzueta R, Sánchez Saiz-Ezquerra B, Ariño AH. Crosscutting of the pollutants and building ventilation systems: a literature review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:66538-66558. [PMID: 37121949 PMCID: PMC10149636 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Considering the time spent in enclosed environments, it is essential to study the relationship between pollutants and building ventilation systems to find whether the types and levels of pollutants and greenhouse gasses, which are expected to be exhaled through ventilation systems into the atmosphere, have been adequately evaluated. We propose the hypothesis that the exhaled air from residential buildings contains pollutants that may become another source of contamination affecting urban air quality and potentially contributing to climate drivers. Thus, the main goal of this article is to present a cross-review of the identification of pollutants expected to be exhaled through ventilation systems in residential buildings. This approach has created the concept of "exhalation of buildings" a new concept enclosed within the research project in which this article is included. We analyze the studies related to the most significant pollutants found in buildings and the studies about the relation of buildings' ventilation systems with such pollutants. Our results show that, on the one hand, the increase in the use of mechanical ventilation systems in residential buildings has been demonstrated to enhance the ventilation rate and generally improve the indoor air quality conditions. But no knowledge could be extracted about the corresponding environmental cost of this improvement, as no systematic data were found about the total mass of contaminants exhaled by those ventilation systems. At the same time, no projects were found that showed a quantitative study on exhalation from buildings, contrary to the existence of studies on pollutants in indoor air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Zuazua-Ros
- Department of Construction, Building Services and Structures, Universidad de Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31009, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leonardo de Brito Andrade
- Department of Rural Engineering, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rodovia Admar Gonzaga 1346, Florianópolis, SC, 88034-000, Brazil.
| | - Sara Dorregaray-Oyaregui
- Department of Construction, Building Services and Structures, Universidad de Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31009, Pamplona, Spain
| | - César Martín-Gómez
- Department of Construction, Building Services and Structures, Universidad de Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31009, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Ramos González
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials, Thermal and Fluids Engineering Division, Universidad de Navarra, Paseo de Manuel Lardizábal 13, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Robiel Manzueta
- Department of Construction, Building Services and Structures, Universidad de Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31009, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Bruno Sánchez Saiz-Ezquerra
- Department of Construction, Building Services and Structures, Universidad de Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31009, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Arturo H Ariño
- Department of Environmental Biology, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
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17
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Shi S, Ding Y, Wu B, Hu P, Chen M, Dong N, Vinturache A, Gu H, Dong X, Ding G. Association of perfluoroalkyl substances with pulmonary function in adolescents (NHANES 2007-2012). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:53948-53961. [PMID: 36869952 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26119-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) constitute an environmentally persistent and widespread class of anthropogenic chemicals that have been used in industrial and commercial applications in the USA and around the world. Animal studies suggested its toxic impact on lung development, but the adverse effect of PFAS exposure on childhood pulmonary function has not been clearly determined. We investigated the potential cross-sectional association of environmental PFAS exposures with pulmonary function in 765 adolescents aged 12-19 years from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012. Exposure to PFASs was estimated by measuring serum concentrations, and pulmonary function was assessed by spirometry. Linear regression and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were performed to estimate the associations of individual chemicals and chemical mixtures with pulmonary function. Median concentrations of PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, and PFHxS (detection frequencies > 90%) were 2.70, 6.40, 0.98, and 1.51 ng/mL, respectively. No associations were found between the four individual congeners and Σ4PFASs and the pulmonary function measures in total adolescents. Sensitive analyses were further conducted stratified by age (12-15 and 16-19 years) and sex (boys and girls). In adolescents aged 12-15 years, PFNA was negatively associated with FEV1:FVC (p-trend = 0.007) and FEF25-75% (p-trend = 0.03) among girls, while PFNA was positively associated with FEV1: FVC (p-trend = 0.018) among boys. No associations were found among adolescents aged 16-19 years, either boys or girls. The aforementioned associations were confirmed when further applying WQS models, and PFNA was identified to be the most heavily weighing chemical. Our results suggested that environmental exposure to PFNA may affect pulmonary function among adolescents aged 12-15 years. Given the cross-sectional analysis and less consistent results, further replications of the association in large prospective cohort studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Beirong Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peipei Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Angela Vinturache
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Grande Prairie General Hospital, Grande Prairie, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Haoxiang Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guodong Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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18
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Moccia C, Pizzi C, Moirano G, Popovic M, Zugna D, d'Errico A, Isaevska E, Fossati S, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Fariselli P, Sanavia T, Richiardi L, Maule M. Modelling socioeconomic position as a driver of the exposome in the first 18 months of life of the NINFEA birth cohort children. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 173:107864. [PMID: 36913779 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exposome drivers are less studied than its consequences but may be crucial in identifying population subgroups with unfavourable exposures. OBJECTIVES We used three approaches to study the socioeconomic position (SEP) as a driver of the early-life exposome in Turin children of the NINFEA cohort (Italy). METHODS Forty-two environmental exposures, collected at 18 months of age (N = 1989), were classified in 5 groups (lifestyle, diet, meteoclimatic, traffic-related, built environment). We performed cluster analysis to identify subjects sharing similar exposures, and intra-exposome-group Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimensionality. SEP at childbirth was measured through the Equivalised Household Income Indicator. SEP-exposome association was evaluated using: 1) an Exposome Wide Association Study (ExWAS), a one-exposure (SEP) one-outcome (exposome) approach; 2) multinomial regression of cluster membership on SEP; 3) regressions of each intra-exposome-group PC on SEP. RESULTS In the ExWAS, medium/low SEP children were more exposed to greenness, pet ownership, passive smoking, TV screen and sugar; less exposed to NO2, NOX, PM25abs, humidity, built environment, traffic load, unhealthy food facilities, fruit, vegetables, eggs, grain products, and childcare than high SEP children. Medium/low SEP children were more likely to belong to a cluster with poor diet, less air pollution, and to live in the suburbs than high SEP children. Medium/low SEP children were more exposed to lifestyle PC1 (unhealthy lifestyle) and diet PC2 (unhealthy diet), and less exposed to PC1s of the built environment (urbanization factors), diet (mixed diet), and traffic (air pollution) than high SEP children. CONCLUSIONS The three approaches provided consistent and complementary results, suggesting that children with lower SEP are less exposed to urbanization factors and more exposed to unhealthy lifestyles and diet. The simplest method, the ExWAS, conveys most of the information and is more replicable in other populations. Clustering and PCA may facilitate results interpretation and communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Moccia
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy.
| | - Costanza Pizzi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovenale Moirano
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Maja Popovic
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Zugna
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio d'Errico
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Isaevska
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Serena Fossati
- ISGlobal (Barcelona Institute for Global Health), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Piero Fariselli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziana Sanavia
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Richiardi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Milena Maule
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
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19
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Freire C, Castiello F, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Beneito A, Lertxundi A, Jimeno-Romero A, Vrijheid M, Casas M. Association of prenatal phthalate exposure with pubertal development in Spanish boys and girls. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113606. [PMID: 35716812 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates are widespread, anti-androgenic chemicals known to alter early development, with possible impact on puberty timing. AIM To investigate the association of prenatal phthalate exposure with pubertal development in boys and girls. METHODS Urinary metabolites of six different phthalate diesters (DEP, DiBP, DnBP, BBzP, DEHP, and DiNP) and non-phthalate plasticizer DINCH® were quantified in two urine samples collected during pregnancy from mothers participating in the INMA Spanish cohort study. Pubertal assessment of their children at age 7-10 years (409 boys, 379 girls) was conducted using the parent-reported Pubertal Development Scale. Modified Poisson and Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression was employed to examine associations between prenatal phthalates and risk of puberty onset, adrenarche, and gonadarche. Effect modification by child weight status was explored by stratified analysis. RESULTS Prenatal exposure to DEHP was associated with higher risk of puberty onset (relative risk [RR] = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.09-1.59 per each log-unit increase in concentrations) and gonadarche (RR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.00-1.50) in boys and higher risk of adrenarche (RR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.03-1.51) in girls at age 7-10 years. In boys, prenatal exposure to DEP, DnBP, and DEHP was also associated with higher risk of adrenarche or gonadarche (RRs = 1.49-1.80) in those with normal weight, and BBzP and DINCH® exposure with lower risk of adrenarche (RR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.27-0.89 and RR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.24-0.90, respectively) in those with overweight/obesity. In girls, DiBP, DnBP, and DINCH® were associated with slightly higher risk of gonadarche (RRs = 1.14-1.19) in those with overweight/obesity. In the WQS model, the phthalate mixture was not associated with puberty in boys or girls. CONCLUSION Prenatal exposure to certain phthalates was associated with pubertal development at age 7-10 years, especially earlier puberty in boys with normal weight and girls with overweight/obesity. However, there was no evidence of effect of the phthalate mixture on advancing or delaying puberty in boys or girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Freire
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francesca Castiello
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Pediatrics Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Jaume I University-University of Valencia, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Andrea Beneito
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Jaume I University-University of Valencia, 46020, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Alba Jimeno-Romero
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, 20014, San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; ISGlobal, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08005, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maribel Casas
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; ISGlobal, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08005, Barcelona, Spain.
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20
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Levasseur P, Erdlenbruch K, Gramaglia C. The health and socioeconomic costs of exposure to soil pollution: evidence from three polluted mining and industrial sites in Europe. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-021-01533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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21
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Rosolen V, Giordani E, Mariuz M, Parpinel M, Ronfani L, Vecchi Brumatti L, Bin M, Calamandrei G, Mustieles V, Gilles L, Govarts E, Baken K, Rodriguez Martin L, Schoeters G, Sepai O, Sovcikova E, Fabelova L, Šidlovská M, Kolena B, Kold Jensen T, Frederiksen H, Kolossa-Gehring M, Lange R, Apel P, Castano A, Esteban López M, Jacobs G, Voorspoels S, Jurdáková H, Górová R, Barbone F. Concurrent Assessment of Phthalates/HEXAMOLL ® DINCH Exposure and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Performance in Three European Cohorts of the HBM4EU Aligned Studies. TOXICS 2022; 10:538. [PMID: 36136503 PMCID: PMC9502751 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10090538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Information about the effects of phthalates and non-phthalate substitute cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (HEXAMOLL® DINCH) on children's neurodevelopment is limited. The aim of the present research is to evaluate the association between phthalate/HEXAMOLL® DINCH exposure and child neurodevelopment in three European cohorts involved in HBM4EU Aligned Studies. Participating subjects were school-aged children belonging to the Northern Adriatic cohort II (NAC-II), Italy, Odense Child Cohort (OCC), Denmark, and PCB cohort, Slovakia. In each cohort, children's neurodevelopment was assessed through the Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient score (FSIQ) of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale of Children test using three different editions. The children's urine samples, collected for one point in time concurrently with the neurodevelopmental evaluation, were analyzed for several phthalates/HEXAMOLL® DINCH biomarkers. The relation between phthalates/HEXAMOLL® DINCH and FSIQ was explored by applying separate multiple linear regressions in each cohort. The means and standard deviations of FSIQ were 109 ± 11 (NAC-II), 98 ± 12 (OCC), and 81 ± 15 (PCB cohort). In NAC-II, direct associations between FSIQ and DEHP's biomarkers were found: 5OH-MEHP+5oxo-MEHP (β = 2.56; 95% CI 0.58-4.55; N = 270), 5OH-MEHP+5cx-MEPP (β = 2.48; 95% CI 0.47-4.49; N = 270) and 5OH-MEHP (β = 2.58; 95% CI 0.65-4.51; N = 270). On the contrary, in the OCC the relation between DEHP's biomarkers and FSIQ tended to be inverse but imprecise (p-value ≥ 0.10). No associations were found in the PCB cohort. FSIQ was not associated with HEXAMOLL® DINCH in any cohort. In conclusion, these results do not provide evidence of an association between concurrent phthalate/DINCHHEXAMOLLR DINCH exposure and IQ in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rosolen
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Elisa Giordani
- Department of Medicine—DAME, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Marika Mariuz
- Department of Medicine—DAME, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Maria Parpinel
- Department of Medicine—DAME, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Luca Ronfani
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Liza Vecchi Brumatti
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Maura Bin
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gemma Calamandrei
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Liese Gilles
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Eva Govarts
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Kirsten Baken
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Greet Schoeters
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Eva Sovcikova
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Fabelova
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Šidlovská
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nabrezie mladeze 91, 94974 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Branislav Kolena
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nabrezie mladeze 91, 94974 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Hanne Frederiksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Rosa Lange
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Corrensplatz 1, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Apel
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Corrensplatz 1, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Argelia Castano
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Esteban López
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Griet Jacobs
- Unit Separation and Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Stefan Voorspoels
- Unit Separation and Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Helena Jurdáková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská Dolina, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Renáta Górová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská Dolina, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Fabio Barbone
- Department of Medicine—DAME, University of Udine, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Institute of Hygiene and Clinical Epidemiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
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22
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Preece AS, Shu H, Knutz M, Krais AM, Bornehag CG. Phthalate levels in prenatal and postnatal bedroom dust in the SELMA study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113429. [PMID: 35533715 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are common in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics and numerous consumer goods in our homes from which they can migrate and adhere to indoor dust particles. It is known that indoor dust exposure contribute to human phthalate intake; however, there is a lack of large studies with a repeated-measure design investigating how phthalate levels in indoor dust may vary over time in people's homes. This study investigated levels of seven phthalates and one alternative plasticiser di-iso-nonyl-cyclohexane-di-carboxylate (DiNCH) in bedroom dust collected prenatally around week 25 during pregnancy and postnatally at six months after birth, from 496 Swedish homes. Prenatal and postnatal phthalate levels were compared using correlation and season-adjusted general linear regression models. Over the nine-month period, levels of six out of seven phthalates were associated as indicated by a positive Pearson correlation (0.18 < r < 0.50, P < .001) and Lin's concordance correlation between matched prenatal and postnatal dust samples. Compared to prenatal levels, the season-adjusted postnatal levels decreased for five phthalates, whilst di-ethyl-hexyl phthalate (DEHP), di-2-propylheptyl phthalate (DPHP) and DiNCH increased. The results suggest that families with higher phthalate levels in bedroom dust during pregnancy are likely to remain among those with higher levels in the infancy period. However, all average phthalate levels changed over this specific nine-month period suggesting that available phthalate sources or their use were altered between the dust collections. Changes in home characteristics, family lifestyle, and phthalate replacement trends may contribute to explain the differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Sofia Preece
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Institution of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, SE-651 88, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Huan Shu
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Institution of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, SE-651 88, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Malin Knutz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Institution of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, SE-651 88, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Annette M Krais
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institution of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carl-Gustaf Bornehag
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Institution of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, SE-651 88, Karlstad, Sweden; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
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23
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Rovira J, Martínez MÁ, Mari M, Cunha SC, Fernandes JO, Marmelo I, Marques A, Haug LS, Thomsen C, Nadal M, Domingo JL, Schuhmacher M. Mixture of environmental pollutants in breast milk from a Spanish cohort of nursing mothers. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 166:107375. [PMID: 35777115 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Breastfeeding is one of the most effective ways to ensure child health and survival, with several benefits for both the infants and their mothers. However, breast milk can contain environmental pollutants with endocrine disruption capacity, neurotoxicity and/or potential to alter microbiota. Monitoring breast milk provides information on the current chemical exposure of breastfed infants and, in addition, on the current and historical exposure of nursing mothers. In this study, the levels of a wide range of pollutants were measured in breast milk of Spanish nursing mothers. Target chemicals were dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), oxy-chlordane, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) (including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)), chlorpyrifos, bisphenol A (BPA), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), and a number of toxic and essential elements. Traces of most chemicals were found. A correlation between the levels of some persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and maternal characteristics (age and body mass index) was observed, while smoking was associated to higher concentrations of some toxic elements. Higher levels of PCBs were detected in samples from Spanish primiparous mothers compared to non-Spanish multiparous women. Breast milk from low-income mothers showed higher content of DDT and DDE than high-income mothers. Although breastfeeding is clearly beneficial for babies, the exposure to this mixture of hazardous substances, as well as their interaction and combined effects must not be disregarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Rovira
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Martínez
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Reus, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Montse Mari
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sara Cristina Cunha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Jose Oliveira Fernandes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Isa Marmelo
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Av. Doutor Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - António Marques
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Av. Doutor Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisboa, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Line Småstuen Haug
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Thomsen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
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24
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Sum KK, Tint MT, Aguilera R, Dickens BSL, Choo S, Ang LT, Phua D, Law EC, Ng S, Tan KML, Benmarhnia T, Karnani N, Eriksson JG, Chong YS, Yap F, Tan KH, Lee YS, Chan SY, Chong MFF, Huang J. The socioeconomic landscape of the exposome during pregnancy. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 163:107205. [PMID: 35349911 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While socioeconomic position (SEP) is consistently related to pregnancy and birth outcome disparities, relevant biological mechanisms are manifold, thus necessitating more comprehensive characterization of SEP-exposome associations during pregnancy. OBJECTIVES We implemented an exposomic approach to systematically characterize the socioeconomic landscape of prenatal exposures in a setting where social segregation was less distinct in a hypotheses-generating manner. METHODS We described the correlation structure of 134 prenatal exogenous and endogenous sources (e.g., micronutrients, hormones, immunomodulatory metabolites, environmental pollutants) collected in a diverse, population-representative, urban, high-income longitudinal mother-offspring cohort (N = 1341; 2009-2011). We examined the associations between maternal, paternal, household, and areal level SEP indicators and 134 exposures using multiple regressions adjusted for precision variables, as well as potential effect measure modification by ethnicity and nativity. Finally, we generated summary SEP indices using Multiple Correspondence Analysis to further explore possible curved relationships. RESULTS Individual and household SEP were associated with anthropometric/adiposity measures, folate, omega-3 fatty acids, insulin-like growth factor-II, fasting glucose, and neopterin, an inflammatory marker. We observed paternal education was more strongly and consistently related to maternal exposures than maternal education. This was most apparent amongst couples discordant on education. Analyses revealed additional non-linear associations between areal composite SEP and particulate matter. Environmental contaminants (e.g., per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) and micronutrients (e.g., folate and copper) showed opposing associations by ethnicity and nativity, respectively. DISCUSSION SEP-exposome relationships are complex, non-linear, and context specific. Our findings reinforce the potential role of paternal contributions and context-specific modifiers of associations, such as between ethnicity and maternal diet-related exposures. Despite weak presumed areal clustering of individual exposures in our context, our approach reinforces subtle non-linearities in areal-level exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Kei Sum
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Mya Thway Tint
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rosana Aguilera
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Borame Sue Lee Dickens
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sue Choo
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Ting Ang
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Desiree Phua
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Evelyn C Law
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sharon Ng
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Karen Mei-Ling Tan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tarik Benmarhnia
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore; Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Yap
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mary F F Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Huang
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Quantitative Medicine (CQM), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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25
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Schoeters G, Verheyen VJ, Colles A, Remy S, Martin LR, Govarts E, Nelen V, Den Hond E, De Decker A, Franken C, Loots I, Coertjens D, Morrens B, Bastiaensen M, Gys C, Malarvannan G, Covaci A, Nawrot T, De Henauw S, Bellemans M, Leermakers M, Van Larebeke N, Baeyens W, Jacobs G, Voorspoels S, Nielsen F, Bruckers L. Internal exposure of Flemish teenagers to environmental pollutants: Results of the Flemish Environment and Health Study 2016-2020 (FLEHS IV). Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 242:113972. [PMID: 35453051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.113972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Flemish Environment and Health Study (FLEHS) collects information on internal exposure to a broad range of environmental chemicals in the general population in Flanders, the Northern region of Belgium. The aim is to establish biomonitoring exposure distributions for the general population in support of public health and environmental policy, environmental risk assessment and risk management decisions. In 2017-2018, urine and blood samples were collected from 428 teenagers by a stratified clustered two stage randomized design. Samples were analyzed for a broad range of biomarkers related to exposure to chlorinated and newer pesticides, brominated and organophosphate flame retardants (BFR/OPFR), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), bisphenols, phthalates and alternative plasticizers, per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzene, metals and trace elements. The geometric mean levels and percentiles of the distribution were estimated for each biomarker, for the whole study population and following stratification for sex, the household educational attainment and the residence area's urbanicity. Geometric means of biomarkers of lead, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), PCBs, PAHs, regulated phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) were lower than in the previous FLEHS cycles. Most biomarker levels were below health-based guidance values (HB-GVs). However, HB-GVs of urinary arsenic, blood lead, blood cadmium, sum of serum perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluoro-1-hexanesulfonate (PFHxS) and the urinary pyrethroid metabolite (3-PBA) were exceeded in respectively 25%, 12%, 39.5%, 10% and 22% of the teenagers. These results suggest that the levels of exposure in the Flemish population to some environmental chemicals might be of concern. At the same time, we noticed that biomarkers for BPA substitutes, metabolites of OPFRs, an expanded list of PFAS, glyphosate and its metabolite could be measured in substantial proportions of participants. Interpretation of these levels in a health-risk context remains uncertain as HB-GVs are lacking. Household educational attainment and residential urbanicity were significant exposure determinants for many biomarkers and could influence specific biomarker levels up to 70% as shown by multiple regression analysis. The research consortium also took care of the broader external communication of results with participants, policy makers, professional groups and civil society organizations. Our study demonstrated that teenagers are exposed to a wide range of chemicals, it demonstrates the success of public policies to reduce exposure but also points to concern and further priorities and needs for follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schoeters
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - V J Verheyen
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - A Colles
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - S Remy
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - L Rodriguez Martin
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - E Govarts
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - V Nelen
- Provincial Institute of Hygiene, Kronenburgstraat 45, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - E Den Hond
- Provincial Institute of Hygiene, Kronenburgstraat 45, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - A De Decker
- Provincial Institute of Hygiene, Kronenburgstraat 45, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - C Franken
- Provincial Institute of Hygiene, Kronenburgstraat 45, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - I Loots
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Antwerp, Sint-Jacobstraat 2, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - D Coertjens
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Antwerp, Sint-Jacobstraat 2, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - B Morrens
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Antwerp, Sint-Jacobstraat 2, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - M Bastiaensen
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - C Gys
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - G Malarvannan
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - A Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - T Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - S De Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Bellemans
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Leermakers
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo- Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - N Van Larebeke
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo- Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - W Baeyens
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo- Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Jacobs
- VITO GOAL, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - S Voorspoels
- VITO GOAL, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - F Nielsen
- Institute of Public Health, Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - L Bruckers
- BioStat, Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
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26
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Pacyga DC, Haggerty DK, Nicol M, Henning M, Calafat AM, Braun JM, Schantz SL, Strakovsky RS. Identification of profiles and determinants of maternal pregnancy urinary biomarkers of phthalates and replacements in the Illinois Kids Development Study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 162:107150. [PMID: 35247685 PMCID: PMC8967784 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Pregnant women are exposed to multiple phthalates and their replacements, which are endocrine disrupting chemicals associated with adverse maternal and child health outcomes. Identifying maternal characteristics associated with phthalate/replacement exposure during pregnancy is important. METHODS We evaluated 13 maternal sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, enrollment year, and conception season as determinants of exposure biomarkers of phthalates and their replacements in 482 pregnant women from the Illinois Kids Development Study (I-KIDS, enrolled 2013-2018). We quantified 19 phthalate/replacement metabolites in pools of five first-morning urines collected across pregnancy. K-means clustering identified women with distinct patterns of biomarker concentrations and principal component analysis (PCA) identified principal component (PC) profiles of biomarkers that exist together. We used multivariable regression models to evaluate associations of predictors with identified k-means clusters and PCs. RESULTS K-means clustering identified two clusters of women: 1) low phthalate/di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (∑DEHTP) and 2) high phthalate/∑DEHTP biomarker concentrations. PCA identified four PCs with loadings heaviest for biomarkers of plasticizer phthalates [di-isononyl, di-isodecyl, di-n-octyl phthalates] (PC1), of other phthalates [dibenzyl, di-n-butyl, di-iso-butyl phthalates] (PC2), of phthalate replacements [∑DEHTP, di(isononyl) cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (∑DiNCH)] (PC3), and of monoethyl phthalate [MEP] (PC4). Overall, age, marital status, income, parity, pre-pregnancy BMI, caffeine intake, enrollment year, and conception season were independently associated with k-means cluster membership and at least one PC. Additionally, race/ethnicity, education, employment, pregnancy intention, smoking status, alcohol intake, and diet were associated with at least one PC. For instance, women who conceived in the spring, summer, and/or fall months had lower odds of high phthalate/∑DEHTP cluster membership and had lower plasticizer phthalate, phthalate replacement, and MEP PC scores. CONCLUSIONS Conception season, enrollment year, and several sociodemographic/lifestyle factors were predictive of phthalate/replacement biomarker profiles. Future studies should corroborate these findings, with a special focus on replacements to which pregnant women are becoming increasingly exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Pacyga
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Diana K Haggerty
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Megan Nicol
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Melissa Henning
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Susan L Schantz
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA; The Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Rita S Strakovsky
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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27
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Abellan A, Mensink-Bout SM, Garcia-Esteban R, Beneito A, Chatzi L, Duarte-Salles T, Fernandez MF, Garcia-Aymerich J, Granum B, Iñiguez C, Jaddoe VWV, Kannan K, Lertxundi A, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Philippat C, Sakhi AK, Santos S, Siroux V, Sunyer J, Trasande L, Vafeiadi M, Vela-Soria F, Yang TC, Zabaleta C, Vrijheid M, Duijts L, Casas M. In utero exposure to bisphenols and asthma, wheeze, and lung function in school-age children: a prospective meta-analysis of 8 European birth cohorts. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 162:107178. [PMID: 35314078 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In utero exposure to bisphenols, widely used in consumer products, may alter lung development and increase the risk of respiratory morbidity in the offspring. However, evidence is scarce and mostly focused on bisphenol A (BPA) only. OBJECTIVE To examine the associations of in utero exposure to BPA, bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol S (BPS) with asthma, wheeze, and lung function in school-age children, and whether these associations differ by sex. METHODS We included 3,007 mother-child pairs from eight European birth cohorts. Bisphenol concentrations were determined in maternal urine samples collected during pregnancy (1999-2010). Between 7 and 11 years of age, current asthma and wheeze were assessed from questionnaires and lung function by spirometry. Wheezing patterns were constructed from questionnaires from early to mid-childhood. We performed adjusted random-effects meta-analysis on individual participant data. RESULTS Exposure to BPA was prevalent with 90% of maternal samples containing concentrations above detection limits. BPF and BPS were found in 27% and 49% of samples. In utero exposure to BPA was associated with higher odds of current asthma (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.27) and wheeze (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.30) (p-interaction sex = 0.01) among girls, but not with wheezing patterns nor lung function neither in overall nor among boys. We observed inconsistent associations of BPF and BPS with the respiratory outcomes assessed in overall and sex-stratified analyses. CONCLUSION This study suggests that in utero BPA exposure may be associated with higher odds of asthma and wheeze among school-age girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Abellan
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara M Mensink-Bout
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Raquel Garcia-Esteban
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Beneito
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Talita Duarte-Salles
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariana F Fernandez
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Judith Garcia-Aymerich
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Berit Granum
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carmen Iñiguez
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Department of Statistics and Operational Research. Universitat de València. València, Spain
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Departments of Pediatrics and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Preventive medicine and public health department, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Biodonostia Health research institute, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Claire Philippat
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble, France
| | | | - Susana Santos
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Valérie Siroux
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble, France
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Departments of Pediatrics and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Tiffany C Yang
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Liesbeth Duijts
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maribel Casas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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Montazeri P, Fossati S, Warembourg C, Casas M, Clemente DBP, Garcia-Esteban R, Nawrot TS, Vrijheid M. Prenatal exposure to phthalates and phenols and preclinical vascular health during early adolescence. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 240:113909. [PMID: 34952328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals may increase cardiovascular risk from early life, but studies in children have shown inconsistent results, most focused on analysis of single chemicals, and none included measures of micro-vascularization as early preclinical markers. This study aimed to evaluate the association between prenatal exposure to phthalates and phenols and macro- and microvascular health during early adolescence. METHODS Using data from a Spanish birth cohort (n = 416), prenatal exposure to eight phthalate metabolites and seven phenols (bisphenol A, four parabens, benzophenone-3, triclosan) were assessed using first and/or third trimester spot-urine concentrations. Macrovascular health (systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, mmHg), pulse wave velocity (PWV, m/s)) and microvascular health (central retinal artery/vein equivalent (CRAE/CRVE, μm)), were measured at 11 years old. Linear regression models assessed associations for individual chemicals and Bayesian weighted quantile sum regression (BWQS) evaluated the overall association of the phthalate and phenol mixture with cardiovascular health. RESULTS In single exposure models, bisphenol-A was associated with decreased PWV (β per doubling of exposure = -0.06; 95% CI: -0.10, -0.01). Mono-iso-butyl phthalate was associated with an increase in CRAE (β = 1.89; 95% CI: 0.34, 3.44). Methyl- and butyl-parabens were associated with a decrease in CRVE (β = -0.71; 95% CI: -1.41, -0.01) and (β = -0.96; 95% CI: -1.57, -0.35), respectively. No statistically significant associations were observed between any of the exposures and SBP or DBP. BWQS models showed no evidence of associations between the phthalate and phenol mixture and any of the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide little evidence to suggest that prenatal exposure to phthalates and phenols is associated with macro- or microvascular health during early adolescence, except a few associations with certain compounds. Errors in exposure measurement and reduced variability in cardiovascular measures at this early age limit our ability to draw strong conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Montazeri
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Serena Fossati
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Charline Warembourg
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Maribel Casas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | | | - Raquel Garcia-Esteban
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
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29
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Lee I, Pälmke C, Ringbeck B, Ihn Y, Gotthardt A, Lee G, Alakeel R, Alrashed M, Tosepu R, Jayadipraja EA, Tantrakarnapa K, Kliengchuay W, Kho Y, Koch HM, Choi K. Urinary Concentrations of Major Phthalate and Alternative Plasticizer Metabolites in Children of Thailand, Indonesia, and Saudi Arabia, and Associated Risks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:16526-16537. [PMID: 34846872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are widely used in consumer products and are well-known for adverse endocrine outcomes. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), one of the most extensively used phthalates, has been rapidly substituted with alternative plasticizers in many consumer products. The aim of this study was to assess urinary phthalate and alternative plasticizer exposure and associated risks in children of three Asian countries with different geographical, climate, and cultural characteristics. Children were recruited from elementary schools of Saudi Arabia (n = 109), Thailand (n = 104), and Indonesia (n = 89) in 2017-2018, and their urine samples were collected. Metabolites of major phthalates and alternative plasticizers were measured in the urine samples by HPLC-MS/MS. Urinary metabolite levels differed substantially between the three countries. Metabolite levels of diisononyl phthalate (DiNP), diisodecyl phthalate (DiDP), di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP), and 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH) were the highest in Saudi children: Median urinary concentrations of oxo-MiNP, OH-MiDP, 5cx-MEPTP, and OH-MINCH were 8.3, 8.4, 128.0, and 2.9 ng/mL, respectively. Urinary DEHP metabolite concentrations were the highest in the Indonesian children. The hazard index (HI) derived for the plasticizers with antiandrogenicity based reference doses (RfDAA) was >1 in 86%, 80%, and 49% of the Saudi, Indonesian, and Thai children, respectively. DEHP was identified as a common major risk driver for the children of all three countries, followed by DnBP and DiBP depending on the country. Among alternative plasticizers, urinary DEHTP metabolites were detected at levels comparable to those of DEHP metabolites or higher among the Saudi children, and about 4% of the Saudi children exceeded the health based human biomonitoring (HBM)-I value. Priority plasticizers that were identified among the children of three countries warrant refined exposure assessment for source identification and relevant exposure reduction measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inae Lee
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Claudia Pälmke
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum 44789, Germany
| | - Benedikt Ringbeck
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum 44789, Germany
| | - Yunchul Ihn
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Alexandra Gotthardt
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum 44789, Germany
| | - Gowoon Lee
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Raid Alakeel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - May Alrashed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramadhan Tosepu
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Halu Oleo, Kendari 93232, Indonesia
| | | | - Kraichat Tantrakarnapa
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi 10400, Thailand
| | - Wissanupong Kliengchuay
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi 10400, Thailand
| | - Younglim Kho
- Department of Health, Environment and Safety, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Republic of Korea
| | - Holger M Koch
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum 44789, Germany
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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30
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Papadopoulou E, Stratakis N, Basagaña X, Brantsæter AL, Casas M, Fossati S, Gražulevičienė R, Småstuen Haug L, Heude B, Maitre L, McEachan RRC, Robinson O, Roumeliotaki T, Sabidó E, Borràs E, Urquiza J, Vafeiadi M, Zhao Y, Slama R, Wright J, Conti DV, Vrijheid M, Chatzi L. Prenatal and postnatal exposure to PFAS and cardiometabolic factors and inflammation status in children from six European cohorts. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 157:106853. [PMID: 34500361 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Developing children are particularly vulnerable to the effects of exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a group of endocrine disrupting chemicals. We hypothesized that early life exposure to PFASs is associated with poor metabolic health in children. We studied the association between prenatal and postnatal PFASs mixture exposure and cardiometabolic health in children, and the role of inflammatory proteins. In 1,101 mothers-child pairs from the Human Early Life Exposome project, we measured the concentrations of PFAS in blood collected in pregnancy and at 8 years (range = 6-12 years). We applied Bayesian Kernel Machine regression (BKMR) to estimate the associations between exposure to PFAS mixture and the cardiometabolic factors as age and sex- specific z-scores of waist circumference (WC), systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BP), and concentrations of triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) cholesterol. We measured thirty six inflammatory biomarkers in child plasma and examined the underlying role of inflammatory status for the exposure-outcome association by integrating the three panels into a network. Exposure to the PFAS mixture was positively associated with HDL-C and systolic BP, and negatively associated with WC, LDL-C and TG. When we examined the independent effects of the individual chemicals in the mixture, prenatal PFHxS was negatively associated with HDL-C and prenatal PFNA was positively associated with WC and these were opposing directions from the overall mixture. Further, the network consisted of five distinct communities connected with positive and negative correlations. The selected inflammatory biomarkers were positively, while the postnatal PFAS were negatively related with the included cardiometabolic factors, and only prenatal PFOA was positively related with the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1beta and WC. Our study supports that prenatal, rather than postnatal, PFAS exposure might contribute to an unfavorable lipidemic profile and adiposity in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikos Stratakis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Complex Genetics and Epidemiology, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Xavier Basagaña
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Maribel Casas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Serena Fossati
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Barbara Heude
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics, INSERM, Université de Paris, INRAe, Paris, France
| | - Léa Maitre
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosemary R C McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Oliver Robinson
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Theano Roumeliotaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Eduard Sabidó
- Proteomics Unit, Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Borràs
- Proteomics Unit, Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Urquiza
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Vafeiadi
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Yinqi Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Rémy Slama
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Inserm, CNRS, University Grenoble Alpes, Institute of Advanced Biosciences, Joint research center (U1209), La Tronche, Grenoble, France
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - David V Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lida Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
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Skogheim TS, Weyde KVF, Aase H, Engel SM, Surén P, Øie MG, Biele G, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Brantsæter AL, Haug LS, Sabaredzovic A, Auyeung B, Villanger GD. Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and associations with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder in children. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 202:111692. [PMID: 34293314 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may be a risk factor for neurodevelopmental deficits and disorders, but evidence is inconsistent. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether prenatal exposure to PFAS were associated with childhood diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS This study was based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study and included n = 821 ADHD cases, n = 400 ASD cases and n = 980 controls. Diagnostic cases were identified by linkage with the Norwegian Patient Registry. In addition, we used data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. The study included the following PFAS measured in maternal plasma sampled mid-pregnancy: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid (PFHpS), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). Relationships between individual PFAS and ADHD or ASD diagnoses were examined using multivariable adjusted logistic regression models. We also tested for possible non-linear exposure-outcome associations. Further, we investigated the PFAS mixture associations with ASD and ADHD diagnoses using a quantile-based g-computation approach. RESULTS Odds of ASD was significantly elevated in PFOA quartile 2 [OR = 1.71 (95% CI: 1.20, 2.45)] compared to quartile 1, and PFOA appeared to have a non-linear, inverted U-shaped dose-response relationship with ASD. PFOA was also associated with increased odds of ADHD, mainly in quartile 2 [OR = 1.54 (95% CI: 1.16, 2.04)] compared to quartile 1, and displayed a non-linear relationship in the restricted cubic spline model. Several PFAS (PFUnDA, PFDA, and PFOS) were inversely associated with odds of ADHD and/or ASD. Some of the associations were modified by child sex and maternal education. The overall PFAS mixture was inversely associated with ASD [OR = 0.76 (95% CI: 0.64, 0.90)] as well as the carboxylate mixture [OR = 0.79 (95% CI: 0.68, 0.93)] and the sulfonate mixture [OR = 0.84 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.96)]. CONCLUSION Prenatal exposure to PFOA was associated with increased risk of ASD and ADHD in children. For some PFAS, as well as their mixtures, there were inverse associations with ASD and/or ADHD. However, the inverse associations reported herein should not be interpreted as protective effects, but rather that there could be some unresolved confounding for these relationships. The epidemiologic literature linking PFAS exposures with neurodevelopmental outcomes is still inconclusive, suggesting the need for more research to elucidate the neurotoxicological potential of PFAS during early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea S Skogheim
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kjell Vegard F Weyde
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi Aase
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephanie M Engel
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Campus Box 7435, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA
| | - Pål Surén
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Merete G Øie
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, PO Box 1094, Blindern, N-0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guido Biele
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1171, Blindern, N-0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Lise Brantsæter
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Line S Haug
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Azemira Sabaredzovic
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bonnie Auyeung
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK; Department of Psychiatry, Autism Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Douglas House, 18b Trumpington Road, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK
| | - Gro D Villanger
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213, Oslo, Norway
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Guilbert A, Rolland M, Pin I, Thomsen C, Sakhi AK, Sabaredzovic A, Slama R, Guichardet K, Philippat C. Associations between a mixture of phenols and phthalates and child behaviour in a French mother-child cohort with repeated assessment of exposure. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 156:106697. [PMID: 34147998 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synthetic phenols and phthalates can interfere with biological pathways involved in brain development. Despite the high within-subject temporal variability of urinary concentrations observed for their metabolites, studies investigating effects of phenols and phthalates on child behaviour often relied on a limited number of spot biospecimens to assess exposure. Besides, the majority did not consider mixture effects. OBJECTIVES To study the combined effect of prenatal exposure to synthetic phenols and phthalates on child behaviour using repeated exposure measurements. METHODS We assessed concentrations of 12 phenols, 13 phthalate and 2 non-phthalate plasticizer metabolites in within-subject pools of multiple urine samples (median = 21 samples per individual pool) collected at two distinct time points during pregnancy in 416 mother-child pairs from the French SEPAGES cohort. Child behaviour was evaluated at two years using the Child Behaviour Checklist 1.5-5 (CBCL). Associations between a mixture of biomarkers of exposure and externalizing and internalizing behaviour scores were studied using adjusted Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regressions with a repeated holdout validation (100 repetitions). RESULTS The positive WQS indexes were associated with both the externalizing and internalizing behaviour scores in the whole population, indicating greater risk of behavioural problems. Stratification for child sex suggested stronger associations in girls than boys. On average, girls externalizing and internalizing scores increased by 3.67 points (95% CI: 1.24, 6.10) and 2.47 points (95 %CI: 0.60, 4.33) respectively, for an increase of one tertile in the WQS index, compared with 1.70 points (95 %CI: -0.42, 3.81) and 1.17 points (95 %CI: -0.50, 2.84) in boys. Main contributors for the associations observed in girls were bisphenol A (weight of 18%), triclosan (17%) and monoethyl phthalate (MEP, 15%) for the externalizing score and MEP (19%), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP, 19%) and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP, 16%) for the internalizing score. DISCUSSION Our results suggest adverse associations between in utero exposure to a mixture of phenols and phthalates and child behaviour, mainly in girls. Public health consequences may be substantial due to the widespread exposure of the population to these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Guilbert
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble Alpes University, Inserm, CNRS, 38700 La Tronche, France.
| | - Matthieu Rolland
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble Alpes University, Inserm, CNRS, 38700 La Tronche, France.
| | - Isabelle Pin
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble Alpes University, Inserm, CNRS, 38700 La Tronche, France; Pediatric Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, 38700 La Tronche, France.
| | | | | | | | - Rémy Slama
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble Alpes University, Inserm, CNRS, 38700 La Tronche, France.
| | - Karine Guichardet
- Pediatric Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, 38700 La Tronche, France.
| | - Claire Philippat
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble Alpes University, Inserm, CNRS, 38700 La Tronche, France.
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33
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Vrijheid M, Basagaña X, Gonzalez JR, Jaddoe VWV, Jensen G, Keun HC, McEachan RRC, Porcel J, Siroux V, Swertz MA, Thomsen C, Aasvang GM, Andrušaitytė S, Angeli K, Avraam D, Ballester F, Burton P, Bustamante M, Casas M, Chatzi L, Chevrier C, Cingotti N, Conti D, Crépet A, Dadvand P, Duijts L, van Enckevort E, Esplugues A, Fossati S, Garlantezec R, Gómez Roig MD, Grazuleviciene R, Gützkow KB, Guxens M, Haakma S, Hessel EVS, Hoyles L, Hyde E, Klanova J, van Klaveren JD, Kortenkamp A, Le Brusquet L, Leenen I, Lertxundi A, Lertxundi N, Lionis C, Llop S, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Lyon-Caen S, Maitre L, Mason D, Mathy S, Mazarico E, Nawrot T, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Ortiz R, Pedersen M, Perelló J, Pérez-Cruz M, Philippat C, Piler P, Pizzi C, Quentin J, Richiardi L, Rodriguez A, Roumeliotaki T, Sabin Capote JM, Santiago L, Santos S, Siskos AP, Strandberg-Larsen K, Stratakis N, Sunyer J, Tenenhaus A, Vafeiadi M, Wilson RC, Wright J, Yang T, Slama R. Advancing tools for human early lifecourse exposome research and translation (ATHLETE): Project overview. Environ Epidemiol 2021; 5:e166. [PMID: 34934888 PMCID: PMC8683140 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life stages are vulnerable to environmental hazards and present important windows of opportunity for lifelong disease prevention. This makes early life a relevant starting point for exposome studies. The Advancing Tools for Human Early Lifecourse Exposome Research and Translation (ATHLETE) project aims to develop a toolbox of exposome tools and a Europe-wide exposome cohort that will be used to systematically quantify the effects of a wide range of community- and individual-level environmental risk factors on mental, cardiometabolic, and respiratory health outcomes and associated biological pathways, longitudinally from early pregnancy through to adolescence. Exposome tool and data development include as follows: (1) a findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable (FAIR) data infrastructure for early life exposome cohort data, including 16 prospective birth cohorts in 11 European countries; (2) targeted and nontargeted approaches to measure a wide range of environmental exposures (urban, chemical, physical, behavioral, social); (3) advanced statistical and toxicological strategies to analyze complex multidimensional exposome data; (4) estimation of associations between the exposome and early organ development, health trajectories, and biological (metagenomic, metabolomic, epigenetic, aging, and stress) pathways; (5) intervention strategies to improve early life urban and chemical exposomes, co-produced with local communities; and (6) child health impacts and associated costs related to the exposome. Data, tools, and results will be assembled in an openly accessible toolbox, which will provide great opportunities for researchers, policymakers, and other stakeholders, beyond the duration of the project. ATHLETE's results will help to better understand and prevent health damage from environmental exposures and their mixtures from the earliest parts of the life course onward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Corresponding Author. Address: ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, C. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. E-mail: (M. Vrijheid)
| | - Xavier Basagaña
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan R. Gonzalez
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vincent W. V. Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Genon Jensen
- Health & Environment Alliance (HEAL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hector C. Keun
- Department of Surgery & Cancer and Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary R. C. McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford,United Kingdom
| | - Joana Porcel
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valerie Siroux
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB (Institute for Advanced Biosciences) Joint Research Center, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France
| | - Morris A. Swertz
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cathrine Thomsen
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunn Marit Aasvang
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sandra Andrušaitytė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Karine Angeli
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Risk Assessment Department, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Demetris Avraam
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Ferran Ballester
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, València, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paul Burton
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maribel Casas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Cécile Chevrier
- University Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)—UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | | | - David Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amélie Crépet
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Risk Assessment Department, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Payam Dadvand
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Liesbeth Duijts
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther van Enckevort
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Esplugues
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, València, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Serena Fossati
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ronan Garlantezec
- CHU de Rennes, University Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)—UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - María Dolores Gómez Roig
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Barcelona, Spain
- Maternal and Child Health and Development Network II (SAMID II), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- BCNatal—Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Kristine B. Gützkow
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mònica Guxens
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescence Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sido Haakma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen V. S. Hessel
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lesley Hoyles
- Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Hyde
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jana Klanova
- RECETOX Centre, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jacob D. van Klaveren
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Kortenkamp
- Brunel University London, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laurent Le Brusquet
- University Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ivonne Leenen
- Health & Environment Alliance (HEAL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
- Biodonostia, Research Health Institute, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Nerea Lertxundi
- University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
- Biodonostia, Research Health Institute, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Christos Lionis
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Sabrina Llop
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, València, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing and Chiropody, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sarah Lyon-Caen
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB (Institute for Advanced Biosciences) Joint Research Center, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France
| | - Lea Maitre
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dan Mason
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford,United Kingdom
| | - Sandrine Mathy
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, Grenoble INP, GAEL, Grenoble, France
| | - Edurne Mazarico
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Barcelona, Spain
- Maternal and Child Health and Development Network II (SAMID II), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- BCNatal—Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tim Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Centre for Health and Environment, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodney Ortiz
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marie Pedersen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Míriam Pérez-Cruz
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Barcelona, Spain
- Maternal and Child Health and Development Network II (SAMID II), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- BCNatal—Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claire Philippat
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB (Institute for Advanced Biosciences) Joint Research Center, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France
| | - Pavel Piler
- RECETOX Centre, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Costanza Pizzi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Joane Quentin
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB (Institute for Advanced Biosciences) Joint Research Center, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France
| | - Lorenzo Richiardi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Theano Roumeliotaki
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | | | - Susana Santos
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandros P. Siskos
- Department of Surgery & Cancer and Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nikos Stratakis
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arthur Tenenhaus
- University Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marina Vafeiadi
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Rebecca C. Wilson
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford,United Kingdom
| | - Tiffany Yang
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford,United Kingdom
| | - Remy Slama
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, IAB (Institute for Advanced Biosciences) Joint Research Center, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Grenoble, France
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Weyde KVF, Olsen AK, Duale N, Kamstra JH, Skogheim TS, Caspersen IH, Engel SM, Biele G, Xia Y, Meltzer HM, Aase H, Villanger GD. Gestational blood levels of toxic metal and essential element mixtures and associations with global DNA methylation in pregnant women and their infants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147621. [PMID: 34000534 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women and their fetuses are exposed to multiple toxic metals that together with variations in essential element levels may alter epigenetic regulation, such as DNA methylation. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate the associations between gestational levels of toxic metals and essential elements and mixtures thereof, with global DNA methylation levels in pregnant women and their newborn children. METHODS Using 631 mother-child pairs from a prospective birth cohort (The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study), we measured maternal blood concentration (gestation week ~18) of five toxic metals and seven essential elements. We investigated associations as individual exposures and two-way interactions, using elastic net regression, and total mixture, using quantile g-computation, with blood levels of 5-methylcytocine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in mothers during pregnancy and their newborn children (cord blood). Multiple testing was adjusted for using the Benjamini and Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) approach. RESULTS The most sensitive marker of DNA methylation appeared to be 5mC levels. In pregnant mothers, elastic net regression indicated associations between 5mC and selenium and lead (non-linear), while in newborns results indicated relationships between maternal selenium, cobalt (non-linear) and mercury and 5mC, as well as copper (non-linear) and 5hmC levels. Several possible two-way interactions were identified (e.g. arsenic and mercury, and selenium and maternal smoking in newborns). None of these findings met the FDR threshold for multiple testing. No net effect was observed in the joint (mixture) exposure-approach using quantile g-computation. CONCLUSION We identified few associations between gestational levels of several toxic metals and essential elements and global DNA methylation in pregnant mothers and their newborn children. As DNA methylation dysregulation might be a key mechanism in disease development and thus of high importance for public health, our results should be considered as important candidates to investigate in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nur Duale
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jorke H Kamstra
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Stephanie M Engel
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Guido Biele
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Heidi Aase
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Garí M, Moos R, Bury D, Kasper-Sonnenberg M, Jankowska A, Andysz A, Hanke W, Nowak D, Bose-O’Reilly S, Koch HM, Polanska K. Human-Biomonitoring derived exposure and Daily Intakes of Bisphenol A and their associations with neurodevelopmental outcomes among children of the Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study. Environ Health 2021; 20:95. [PMID: 34433458 PMCID: PMC8390261 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is an industrial chemical mostly used in the manufacture of plastics, resins and thermal paper. Several studies have reported adverse health effects with BPA exposures, namely metabolic disorders and altered neurodevelopment in children, among others. The aim of this study was to explore BPA exposure, its socio-demographic and life-style related determinants, and its association with neurodevelopmental outcomes in early school age children from Poland. METHODS A total of 250 urine samples of 7 year-old children from the Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study (REPRO_PL) were analyzed for BPA concentrations using high performance liquid chromatography with online sample clean-up coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (online-SPE-LC-MS/MS). Socio-demographic and lifestyle-related data was collected by questionnaires or additional biomarker measurements. Emotional and behavioral symptoms in children were assessed using mother-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Cognitive and psychomotor development was evaluated by Polish adaptation of the Intelligence and Development Scales (IDS) performed by trained psychologists. RESULTS Urinary BPA concentrations and back-calculated daily intakes (medians of 1.8 μg/l and 46.3 ng/kg bw/day, respectively) were similar to other European studies. Urinary cotinine levels and body mass index, together with maternal educational level and socio-economic status, were the main determinants of BPA levels in Polish children. After adjusting for confounding factors, BPA has been found to be positively associated with emotional symptoms (β: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.022; 0.27). Cognitive and psychomotor development were not found to be related to BPA levels. CONCLUSIONS This study represents the first report of BPA levels and their determinants in school age children in Poland. The exposure level was found to be related to child emotional condition, which can have long-term consequences including social functioning and scholastic achievements. Further monitoring of this population in terms of overall chemical exposure is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercè Garí
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich. Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rebecca Moos
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Bury
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Monika Kasper-Sonnenberg
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Jankowska
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Hazards, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine (NIOM), Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Andysz
- Department of Health and Work Psychology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine (NIOM), Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Hanke
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine (NIOM), Lodz, Poland
| | - Dennis Nowak
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Bose-O’Reilly
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Holger M. Koch
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Kinga Polanska
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Hazards, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine (NIOM), Lodz, Poland
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Skogheim TS, Weyde KVF, Engel SM, Aase H, Surén P, Øie MG, Biele G, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Caspersen IH, Hornig M, Haug LS, Villanger GD. Metal and essential element concentrations during pregnancy and associations with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 152:106468. [PMID: 33765546 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to toxic metals or variations in maternal levels of essential elements during pregnancy may be a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether maternal levels of toxic metals and essential elements measured in mid-pregnancy, individually and as mixtures, were associated with childhood diagnosis of ADHD or ASD. METHODS This study is based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study and included 705 ADHD cases, 397 ASD cases and 1034 controls. Cases were identified through linkage with the Norwegian Patient Registry. Maternal concentrations of 11 metals/elements were measured in blood at week 17 of gestation; cadmium; cesium; cobalt; copper; lead; magnesium; manganese; selenium; zinc; total arsenic; and total mercury. Multivariable adjusted logistic regression models were used to examine associations between quartile levels of individual metals/elements and outcomes. We also investigated non-linear associations using restricted cubic spline models. The joint effects of the metal/element mixture on ASD and ADHD diagnoses were estimated using a quantile-based g-computation approach. RESULTS For ASD, we identified positive associations (increased risks) in the second quartile of arsenic [OR = 1.77 (CI: 1.26, 2.49)] and the fourth quartiles of cadmium and manganese [OR = 1.57 (CI: 1.07 2.31); OR = 1.84 (CI: 1.30, 2.59)], respectively. In addition, there were negative associations between cesium, copper, mercury, and zinc and ASD. For ADHD, we found increased risk in the fourth quartiles of cadmium and magnesium [OR = 1.59 (CI: 1.15, 2.18); [OR = 1.42 (CI: 1.06, 1.91)]. There were also some negative associations, among others with mercury. In addition, we identified non-linear associations between ASD and arsenic, mercury, magnesium, and lead, and between ADHD and arsenic, copper, manganese, and mercury. There were no significant findings in the mixture approach analyses. CONCLUSION Results from the present study show several associations between levels of metals and elements during gestation and ASD and ADHD in children. The most notable ones involved arsenic, cadmium, copper, mercury, manganese, magnesium, and lead. Our results suggest that even population levels of these compounds may have negative impacts on neurodevelopment. As we observed mainly similarities among the metals' and elements' impact on ASD and ADHD, it could be that the two disorders share some neurochemical and neurodevelopmental pathways. The results warrant further investigation and replication, as well as studies of combined effects of metals/elements and mechanistic underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea S Skogheim
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kjell Vegard F Weyde
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephanie M Engel
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Campus Box 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435, USA
| | - Heidi Aase
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Surén
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Merete G Øie
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, PO Box 1094 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Guido Biele
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida H Caspersen
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mady Hornig
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St, Rm. 736, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Line S Haug
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gro D Villanger
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
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Wang A, Abrahamsson DP, Jiang T, Wang M, Morello-Frosch R, Park JS, Sirota M, Woodruff TJ. Suspect Screening, Prioritization, and Confirmation of Environmental Chemicals in Maternal-Newborn Pairs from San Francisco. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:5037-5049. [PMID: 33726493 PMCID: PMC8114949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Our proof-of-concept study develops a suspect screening workflow to identify and prioritize potentially ubiquitous chemical exposures in matched maternal/cord blood samples, a critical period of development for future health risks. We applied liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF/MS) to perform suspect screening for ∼3500 industrial chemicals on pilot data from 30 paired maternal and cord serum samples (n = 60). We matched 662 suspect features in positive ionization mode and 788 in negative ionization mode (557 unique formulas overall) to compounds in our database, and selected 208 of these for fragmentation analysis based on detection frequency, correlation in feature intensity between maternal and cord samples, and peak area differences by demographic characteristics. We tentatively identified 73 suspects through fragmentation spectra matching and confirmed 17 chemical features (15 unique compounds) using analytical standards. We tentatively identified 55 compounds not previously reported in the literature, the majority which have limited to no information about their sources or uses. Examples include (i) 1-(1-acetyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-3-dodecylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione (known high production volume chemical) (ii) methyl perfluoroundecanoate and 2-perfluorooctyl ethanoic acid (two PFAS compounds); and (iii) Sumilizer GA 80 (plasticizer). Thus, our workflow demonstrates an approach to evaluating the chemical exposome to identify and prioritize chemical exposures during a critical period of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aolin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Dimitri Panagopoulos Abrahamsson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Ting Jiang
- California Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Toxic Substances Control, Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, 700 Heinz Ave # 200, Berkeley, CA, 94710, United States
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- California Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Toxic Substances Control, Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, 700 Heinz Ave # 200, Berkeley, CA, 94710, United States
| | - Rachel Morello-Frosch
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management and School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - June-Soo Park
- California Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Toxic Substances Control, Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, 700 Heinz Ave # 200, Berkeley, CA, 94710, United States
| | - Marina Sirota
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Tracey J. Woodruff
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
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Huhn S, Escher BI, Krauss M, Scholz S, Hackermüller J, Altenburger R. Unravelling the chemical exposome in cohort studies: routes explored and steps to become comprehensive. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2021; 33:17. [PMID: 33614387 PMCID: PMC7877320 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-020-00444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Environmental factors contribute to the risk for adverse health outcomes against a background of genetic predisposition. Among these factors, chemical exposures may substantially contribute to disease risk and adverse outcomes. In fact, epidemiological cohort studies have established associations between exposure against individual chemicals and adverse health effects. Yet, in daily life individuals are exposed to complex mixtures in varying compositions. To capture the totality of environmental exposures the concept of the exposome has been developed. Here, we undertake an overview of major exposome projects, which pioneered the field of exposomics and explored the links between chemical exposure and health outcomes using cohort studies. We seek to reflect their achievements with regard to (i) capturing a comprehensive picture of the environmental chemical exposome, (ii) aggregating internal exposures using chemical and bioanalytical means of detection, and (iii) identifying associations that provide novel options for risk assessment and intervention. Various complementary approaches can be distinguished in addressing relevant exposure routes and it emerges that individual exposure histories may not easily be grouped. The number of chemicals for which human exposure can be detected is substantial and highlights the reality of mixture exposures. Yet, to a large extent it depends on targeted chemical analysis with the specific challenges to capture all relevant exposure routes and assess the chemical concentrations occurring in humans. The currently used approaches imply prior knowledge or hypotheses about relevant exposures. Typically, the number of chemicals considered in exposome projects is counted in dozens-in contrast to the several thousands of chemicals for which occurrence have been reported in human serum and urine. Furthermore, health outcomes are often still compared to single chemicals only. Moreover, explicit consideration of mixture effects and the interrelations between different outcomes to support causal relationships and identify risk drivers in complex mixtures remain underdeveloped and call for specifically designed exposome-cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Huhn
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Pediatric Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beate I. Escher
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Environmental Toxicology, Center for Applied Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Krauss
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Scholz
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Hackermüller
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rolf Altenburger
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Eick SM, Enright EA, Geiger SD, Dzwilewski KLC, DeMicco E, Smith S, Park JS, Aguiar A, Woodruff TJ, Morello-Frosch R, Schantz SL. Associations of Maternal Stress, Prenatal Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS), and Demographic Risk Factors with Birth Outcomes and Offspring Neurodevelopment: An Overview of the ECHO.CA.IL Prospective Birth Cohorts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:E742. [PMID: 33467168 PMCID: PMC7830765 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infants whose mothers experience greater psychosocial stress and environmental chemical exposures during pregnancy may face greater rates of preterm birth, lower birth weight, and impaired neurodevelopment. METHODS ECHO.CA.IL is composed of two cohorts, Chemicals in Our Bodies (CIOB; n = 822 pregnant women and n = 286 infants) and Illinois Kids Development Study (IKIDS; n = 565 mother-infant pairs), which recruit pregnant women from San Francisco, CA and Urbana-Champaign, IL, respectively. We examined associations between demographic characteristics and gestational age, birth weight z-scores, and cognition at 7.5 months across these two cohorts using linear models. We also examined differences in biomarkers of exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), measured in second-trimester serum, and psychosocial stressors by cohort and participant demographics. RESULTS To date, these cohorts have recruited over 1300 pregnant women combined. IKIDS has mothers who are majority white (80%), whereas CIOB mothers are racially and ethnically diverse (38% white, 34% Hispanic, 17% Asian/Pacific Islander). Compared to CIOB, median levels of PFOS, a specific PFAS congener, are higher in IKIDS (2.45 ng/mL versus 1.94 ng/mL), while psychosocial stressors are higher among CIOB. Across both cohorts, women who were non-white and single had lower birth weight z-scores relative to white women and married women, respectively. Demographic characteristics are not associated with cognitive outcomes at 7.5 months. CONCLUSIONS This profile of the ECHO.CA.IL cohort found that mothers and their infants who vary in terms of socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, and geographic location are similar in many of our measures of exposures and cognitive outcomes. Similar to past work, we found that non-white and single women had lower birth weight infants than white and married women. We also found differences in levels of PFOS and psychosocial stressors based on geographic location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Eick
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (E.D.); (T.J.W.); (R.M.-F.)
| | - Elizabeth A. Enright
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA; (S.D.G.); (K.L.C.D.); (A.A.); (S.L.S.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Sarah D. Geiger
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA; (S.D.G.); (K.L.C.D.); (A.A.); (S.L.S.)
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Kelsey L. C. Dzwilewski
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA; (S.D.G.); (K.L.C.D.); (A.A.); (S.L.S.)
| | - Erin DeMicco
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (E.D.); (T.J.W.); (R.M.-F.)
| | - Sabrina Smith
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA; (S.S.); (J.-S.P.)
| | - June-Soo Park
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA; (S.S.); (J.-S.P.)
| | - Andrea Aguiar
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA; (S.D.G.); (K.L.C.D.); (A.A.); (S.L.S.)
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61802, USA
| | - Tracey J. Woodruff
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (E.D.); (T.J.W.); (R.M.-F.)
| | - Rachel Morello-Frosch
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (E.D.); (T.J.W.); (R.M.-F.)
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management and School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Susan L. Schantz
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA; (S.D.G.); (K.L.C.D.); (A.A.); (S.L.S.)
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61802, USA
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Arvaniti OS, Kalantzi OI. Determinants of flame retardants in non-occupationally exposed individuals - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:127923. [PMID: 32835974 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Flame retardants (FRs) constitute a large group of different substances, some of which have been phased out of the market due to health concerns, while others are still used in many common consumer products to prevent fire hazards. This review addressed the determinants of FRs in non-occupationally exposed individuals based on surveys and questionnaire data. For this literature review, three databases (Scopus, Pubmed and Web of Knowledge) were searched by applying suitable terms, inclusion and exclusion criteria, producing a final selection of 78 articles for review. Based on these surveys there is epidemiological evidence for a significant association (p < 0.05) among human exposure and demographic factors, as well as a significant correlation between exposure to FRs and behavioural and environmental factors. Age, gender, housing characteristics, electrical and electronic equipment and mouthing behaviour (in children) play a leading role in human exposure to FRs as published studies demonstrated. However, the methodological differences among studies such as population size, questionnaire design and statistical analysis did not reveal a complete pattern of human exposure routes. Risk perception and communication are also discussed based on limited available data. Knowledge gaps and future perspectives relating to standardized protocols, elucidation of contamination sources, and risk response of health information from different target groups were also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga S Arvaniti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Olga-Ioanna Kalantzi
- Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene, 81100, Greece.
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Severity of COVID-19 at elevated exposure to perfluorinated alkylates. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244815. [PMID: 33382826 PMCID: PMC7774856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seems to be aggravated by air pollution, and some industrial chemicals, such as the perfluorinated alkylate substances (PFASs), are immunotoxic and may contribute to an association with disease severity. Methods From Danish biobanks, we obtained plasma samples from 323 subjects aged 30–70 years with known SARS-CoV-2 infection. The PFAS concentrations measured at the background exposures included five PFASs known to be immunotoxic. Register data was obtained to classify disease status, other health information, and demographic variables. We used ordered logistic regression analyses to determine associations between PFAS concentrations and disease outcome. Results Plasma-PFAS concentrations were higher in males, in subjects with Western European background, and tended to increase with age, but were not associated with the presence of chronic disease. Of the study population, 108 (33%) had not been hospitalized, and of those hospitalized, 53 (16%) had been in intensive care or were deceased. Among the five PFASs considered, perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) showed an unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.19 (95% confidence interval, CI, 1.39–3.46) for increasing severities of the disease. Among those hospitalized, the fully adjusted OR for getting into intensive care or expiring was 5.18 (1.29, 20.72) when based on plasma samples obtained at the time of diagnosis or up to one week before. Conclusions Measures of individual exposures to immunotoxic PFASs included short-chain PFBA known to accumulate in the lungs. Elevated plasma-PFBA concentrations were associated with an increased risk of a more severe course of COVID-19. Given the low background exposure levels in this study, the role of exposure to PFASs in COVID-19 needs to be ascertained in populations with elevated exposures.
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Cowell W, Colicino E, Tanner E, Amarasiriwardena C, Andra SS, Bollati V, Kannan S, Ganguri H, Gennings C, Wright RO, Wright RJ. Prenatal toxic metal mixture exposure and newborn telomere length: Modification by maternal antioxidant intake. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 190:110009. [PMID: 32777275 PMCID: PMC7530067 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomere length (TL) predicts the onset of cellular senescence and correlates with longevity and age-related disease risk. While telomeres erode throughout life, adults display fixed ranking and tracking of TL, supporting the importance of the early environment in determining inter-individual variability across the life course. Given their guanine-rich structure, telomeres are highly susceptible to oxidative stress (OS). We examined maternal metal exposure, which can induce OS, in relation to newborn TL. We also considered the modifying role of maternal antioxidant intake. METHODS Analyses included 100 mother-newborn pairs enrolled in the Boston and New York City-based PRogramming of Intergenerational Stress Mechanisms (PRISM) pregnancy cohort. We measured As, Ba, Cd, Ni, and Pb in maternal late-pregnancy urine by ICP-MS and quantified relative leukocyte TL (rLTL) in cord blood using qPCR. We used Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression to estimate the metal mixture - rLTL association and conducted repeated holdout validation to improve the stability of estimates across data partitions. We examined models stratified by high (>median) versus low (≤median) maternal antioxidant intake, estimated from Block98 Food Frequency Questionnaires. We considered urinary creatinine, week of urine collection, maternal age, and race/ethnicity as covariates. RESULTS In adjusted models, urinary metals were inversely associated with newborn rLTL (βWQS = -0.50, 95% CI: -0.78, -0.21). The top metals contributing to the negative association included Ba (weight: 35.4%), Cd (24.5%) and Pb (26.9%). In models stratified by antioxidant intake, the significant inverse association between metals and rLTL remained only among mothers with low antioxidant intake (low: βWQS = -0.92, 95% CI: -1.53, -0.30; high: βWQS = -0.03, 95% CI: -0.58, 0.52). Results were similar in unadjusted models. CONCLUSIONS Relative LTL was shorter among newborns of mothers with higher exposure to metals during pregnancy. Higher maternal antioxidant intake may mitigate the negative influence of metals on newborn rLTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Cowell
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Elena Colicino
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eva Tanner
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chitra Amarasiriwardena
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Syam S Andra
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Srimathi Kannan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Harish Ganguri
- Department of Information Systems Security, University of Cumberlands, Williamsburg, KY, USA
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rosalind J Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Association of placental concentrations of phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals with cognitive functioning in preschool children from the Environment and Childhood (INMA) Project. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 230:113597. [PMID: 32795877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Developmental exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) and other phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may affect child neurodevelopment, but data on the effects of prenatal exposure to phenols on cognitive function remain sparse. Our aim was to examine the association of placental concentrations of several phenolic EDCs, including BPA, parabens (PBs), and benzophenones (BzPs), with cognitive development in preschool children from the Environment and Childhood (INMA) Project in Spain. Concentrations of BPA, four PBs (methylparaben [MePB], ethylparaben [EtPB], propylparaben [PrPB], and butylparaben [BuPB]), and six BzPs (BzP-1, BzP-2, BzP-3, BzP-6, BzP-8, and 4-hydroxybenzophenone [4-OH-BzP]) were measured in 490 placenta samples randomly selected from five INMA cohorts collected between 2000 and 2008. Neuropsychological assessment of cognitive and motor function was performed with the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MSCA) at the age of 4-5 years. Associations were assessed in a sub-sample of 191 mother-child pairs using linear and logistic regression models adjusted for confounding factors. PB compounds were detected in more than 71% of placentas, BPA in 62%, 4-OH-BzP in 50%, and the remaining BzPs in <9% of the samples. Because of the low detection frequency of BzP compounds, only 4-OH-BzP was included in the exposure-outcome analyses. After adjustment for confounders, BPA was associated with greater odds of scoring lower (below the 20th percentile) in the verbal (third vs. first exposure tertile: odds ratio [OR] = 2.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00; 5.81, p-trend = 0.05) and gross motor (detected vs. undetected: OR = 1.75, 95%CI = 1.06; 9.29) areas, and these associations were only significant for boys. Regarding PB compounds, PrPB was associated with lower scores in memory (detected vs. undetected: β = -4.96, 95%CI = -9.54; -0.31), span memory (OR = 2.50, 95%CI = 0.95; 6.92 and 2.71, 95%CI = 0.97; 6.64, respectively for second and third tertiles, p-trend = 0.03), and motor function (β = -5.15, 95%CI = -9.26; -0.01 for third vs. first exposure tertile, p-trend = 0.04). EtPB and total PBs concentrations in the second tertile were also associated with poorer visual function of posterior cortex and worse quantitative performance, respectively, but linear trends were not statistically significant. The associations of BPA and PrPB with poorer verbal, memory, and motor skills are novel observations that warrant further attention. Larger prospective studies are required to confirm whether prenatal exposure to BPA and other phenolic EDCs is associated with impaired cognitive development.
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Duffek A, Conrad A, Kolossa-Gehring M, Lange R, Rucic E, Schulte C, Wellmitz J. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in blood plasma - Results of the German Environmental Survey for children and adolescents 2014-2017 (GerES V). Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 228:113549. [PMID: 32502942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The 5th cycle of the German Environmental Survey (GerES V) investigated the internal human exposure of children and adolescents aged 3-17 years in Germany to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The fieldwork of the population-representative GerES V was performed from 2014 to 2017. In total, 1109 blood plasma samples were analysed for 12 PFAS including perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS). PFOS was quantified in all and PFOA in almost all samples, demonstrating ubiquitous exposure. The highest geometric mean concentrations measured were 2.49 ng/mL for PFOS, followed by PFOA (1.12 ng/mL) and PFHxS (0.36 ng/mL), while concentrations of other PFAS were found in much lower concentrations. The 95th percentile levels of PFOS and PFOA were 6.00 and 3.24 ng/mL, respectively. The results document a still considerable exposure of the young generation to the phased out chemicals PFOS and PFOA. The observed exposure levels vary substantially between individuals and might be due to different multiple sources. The relative contribution of various exposure parameters such as diet or the specific use of consumer products need to be further explored. Although additional investigations on the time trend of human exposure are warranted, GerES V underlines the need for an effective and sustainable regulation of PFAS as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Duffek
- German Environment Agency, Laboratory for Water Analysis, Corrensplatz 1, Berlin, 14195, Germany.
| | - André Conrad
- German Environment Agency, Toxicology, Health-related Environmental Monitoring, Corrensplatz 1, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Marike Kolossa-Gehring
- German Environment Agency, Toxicology, Health-related Environmental Monitoring, Corrensplatz 1, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Rosa Lange
- German Environment Agency, Toxicology, Health-related Environmental Monitoring, Corrensplatz 1, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Enrico Rucic
- German Environment Agency, Toxicology, Health-related Environmental Monitoring, Corrensplatz 1, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Christoph Schulte
- German Environment Agency, Department Water and Soil, Wörlitzer Platz 1, Dessau-Roßlau, 06844, Germany
| | - Jörg Wellmitz
- German Environment Agency, Laboratory for Water Analysis, Corrensplatz 1, Berlin, 14195, Germany
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Rolland M, Lyon-Caen S, Sakhi AK, Pin I, Sabaredzovic A, Thomsen C, Slama R, Philippat C. Exposure to phenols during pregnancy and the first year of life in a new type of couple-child cohort relying on repeated urine biospecimens. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 139:105678. [PMID: 32248023 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parabens, bisphenol A and triclosan have been forbidden or restricted in specific types of consumer goods in Europe and France. Limited biomonitoring data are available in France since the implementation of these regulations, and exposure data on infants is scarce worldwide. Understanding the predictors of phenol urinary concentrations will help identify potential targets for prevention. AIM We described levels, variability and predictors of exposure to 12 phenols in pregnant women and infants recruited between 2014 and 2017 in a French couple-child cohort. METHODS Among 479 pregnant women and 150 of their infants, we studied phenol urinary concentrations in within-subject, within-period pools of repeated urine samples collected during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy (up to 42 samples per woman), at 2 months and 12 months (up to 14 samples per infant). Time trends and associations with demographic, protocol, occupational and behavioral factors were studied using interval censored models to accommodate for undetected and unquantified urine concentrations. RESULTS Detection rates were above 90% for bisphenol A, ethylparaben, methylparaben, benzophenone-3 and triclosan and below 5% for bisphenol AF, B, F and triclocarban. Median levels of bisphenol A, bisphenol S, methylparaben, ethylparaben and propylparaben at 12 months were similar or higher than during pregnancy. For pregnant women all phenols but benzophenone-3 and bisphenol S showed a linear decrease between 2014 and 2017 (p-values < 0.02). Women with the shortest education (primary and secondary school) had higher urinary concentrations of triclosan (β = 0.58 (95% confidence interval (CI), -0.04; 1.20)), ethyl (β = 0.43 (95%CI, 0.03; 0.84)) and propyl paraben (β = 1.39 (95%CI, 0.55; 2.24)) than those with the longest education. Cashiers had higher conccentrations of bisphenol S (β = 0.99 (95%CI, -0.11; 2.09)) but not of bisphenol A (β = -0.04 (95%CI, -0.26; 0.19)) than unemployed women. CONCLUSIONS Despite recent regulations, bisphenol A, triclosan and paraben detection rates were high in women and young infants. High bisphenol and paraben median levels at 12 months require further investigation as early infancy is a sensitive period for exposure to environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Rolland
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble, France
| | - Sarah Lyon-Caen
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble, France
| | | | - Isabelle Pin
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble, France; Pediatric Department, Grenoble University Hospital, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | | | | | - Rémy Slama
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble, France
| | - Claire Philippat
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CNRS, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble, France.
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Applying the exposome concept in birth cohort research: a review of statistical approaches. Eur J Epidemiol 2020; 35:193-204. [PMID: 32221742 PMCID: PMC7154018 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-020-00625-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The exposome represents the totality of life course environmental exposures (including lifestyle and other non-genetic factors), from the prenatal period onwards. This holistic concept of exposure provides a new framework to advance the understanding of complex and multifactorial diseases. Prospective pregnancy and birth cohort studies provide a unique opportunity for exposome research as they are able to capture, from prenatal life onwards, both the external (including lifestyle, chemical, social and wider community-level exposures) and the internal (including inflammation, metabolism, epigenetics, and gut microbiota) domains of the exposome. In this paper, we describe the steps required for applying an exposome approach, describe the main strengths and limitations of different statistical approaches and discuss their challenges, with the aim to provide guidance for methodological choices in the analysis of exposome data in birth cohort studies. An exposome approach implies selecting, pre-processing, describing and analyzing a large set of exposures. Several statistical methods are currently available to assess exposome-health associations, which differ in terms of research question that can be answered, of balance between sensitivity and false discovery proportion, and between computational complexity and simplicity (parsimony). Assessing the association between many exposures and health still raises many exposure assessment issues and statistical challenges. The exposome favors a holistic approach of environmental influences on health, which is likely to allow a more complete understanding of disease etiology.
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Papadopoulou E, Haug LS, Sakhi AK, Andrusaityte S, Basagaña X, Brantsaeter AL, Casas M, Fernández-Barrés S, Grazuleviciene R, Knutsen HK, Maitre L, Meltzer HM, McEachan RRC, Roumeliotaki T, Slama R, Vafeiadi M, Wright J, Vrijheid M, Thomsen C, Chatzi L. Diet as a Source of Exposure to Environmental Contaminants for Pregnant Women and Children from Six European Countries. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:107005. [PMID: 31617753 PMCID: PMC6867312 DOI: 10.1289/ehp5324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women and children are especially vulnerable to exposures to food contaminants, and a balanced diet during these periods is critical for optimal nutritional status. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to study the association between diet and measured blood and urinary levels of environmental contaminants in mother-child pairs from six European birth cohorts (n = 818 mothers and 1,288 children). METHODS We assessed the consumption of seven food groups and the blood levels of organochlorine pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and heavy metals and urinary levels of phthalate metabolites, phenolic compounds, and organophosphate pesticide (OP) metabolites. Organic food consumption during childhood was also studied. We applied multivariable linear regressions and targeted maximum likelihood based estimation (TMLE). RESULTS Maternal high (≥ 4 times / week ) versus low (< 2 times / week ) fish consumption was associated with 15% higher PCBs [geometric mean (GM) ratio = 1.15 ; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02, 1.29], 42% higher perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnDA) (GM ratio = 1.42 ; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.68), 89% higher mercury (Hg) (GM ratio = 1.89 ; 95% CI: 1.47, 2.41) and a 487% increase in arsenic (As) (GM ratio = 4.87 ; 95% CI: 2.57, 9.23) levels. In children, high (≥ 3 times / week ) versus low (< 1.5 times / week ) fish consumption was associated with 23% higher perfluorononanoate (PFNA) (GM ratio = 1.23 ; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.40), 36% higher PFUnDA (GM ratio = 1.36 ; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.64), 37% higher perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) (GM ratio = 1.37 ; 95% CI: 1.22, 1.54), and > 200 % higher Hg and As [GM ratio = 3.87 (95% CI: 1.91, 4.31) and GM ratio = 2.68 (95% CI: 2.23, 3.21)] concentrations. Using TMLE analysis, we estimated that fish consumption within the recommended 2-3 times/week resulted in lower PFAS, Hg, and As compared with higher consumption. Fruit consumption was positively associated with OP metabolites. Organic food consumption was negatively associated with OP metabolites. DISCUSSION Fish consumption is related to higher PFAS, Hg, and As exposures. In addition, fruit consumption is a source of exposure to OPs. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5324.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Papadopoulou
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Line Småstuen Haug
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amrit Kaur Sakhi
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sandra Andrusaityte
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Xavier Basagaña
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Anne Lise Brantsaeter
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maribel Casas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Sílvia Fernández-Barrés
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | | | - Helle Katrine Knutsen
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lea Maitre
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Helle Margrete Meltzer
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rosemary R. C. McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Theano Roumeliotaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Remy Slama
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), University Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Joint Research Center (U1209), La Tronche, Grenoble, France
| | - Marina Vafeiadi
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Cathrine Thomsen
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
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Dórea JG. Environmental exposure to low-level lead (Pb) co-occurring with other neurotoxicants in early life and neurodevelopment of children. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 177:108641. [PMID: 31421445 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a worldwide environmental contaminant that even at low levels influences brain development and affects neurobehavior later in life; nevertheless it is only a small fraction of the neurotoxicant (NT) exposome. Exposure to environmental Pb concurrent with other NT substances is often the norm, but their joint effects are challenging to study during early life. The aim of this review is to integrate studies of Pb-containing NT mixtures during the early life and neurodevelopment outcomes of children. The Pb-containing NT mixtures that have been most studied involve other metals (Mn, Al, Hg, Cd), metalloids (As), halogen (F), and organo-halogen pollutants. Co-occurring Pb-associated exposures during pregnancy and lactation depend on the environmental sources and the metabolism and half-life of the specific NT contaminant; but offspring neurobehavioral outcomes are also influenced by social stressors. Nevertheless, Pb-associated effects from prenatal exposure portend a continued burden on measurable neurodevelopment; they thus favor increased neurological health issues, decrements in neurobehavioral tests and reductions in the quality of life. Neurobehavioral test outcomes measured in the first 1000 days showed Pb-associated negative outcomes were frequently noticed in infants (<6 months). In older (preschool and school) children studies showed more variations in NT mixtures, children's age, and sensitivity and/or specificity of neurobehavioral tests; these variations and choice of statistical model (individual NT stressor or collective effect of mixture) may explain inconsistencies. Multiple exposures to NT mixtures in children diagnosed with 'autism spectrum disorders' (ASD) and 'attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders' (ADHD), strongly suggest a Pb-associated effect. Mixture potency (number or associated NT components and respective concentrations) and time (duration and developmental stage) of exposure often showed a measurable impact on neurodevelopment; however, net effects, reversibility and/or predictability of delays are insufficiently studied and need urgent attention. Nevertheless, neurodevelopment delays can be prevented and/or attenuated if public health policies are implemented to protect the unborn and the young child.
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Affiliation(s)
- José G Dórea
- Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 70919-970, DF, Brazil.
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