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Mohamed EM, Dharani S, Khuroo T, Nutan MTH, Cook P, Arunagiri R, Khan MA, Rahman Z. Oral Bioavailability Enhancement of Poorly Soluble Drug by Amorphous Solid Dispersion Using Sucrose Acetate Isobutyrate. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:202. [PMID: 39237685 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02924-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The focus of the present work was to develop amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) formulation of aprepitant (APT) using sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) excipient, evaluate for physicochemical attributes, stability, and bioavailability, and compared with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) based formulation. Various formulations of APT were prepared by solvent evaporation method and characterized for physiochemical and in-vivo performance attributes such as dissolution, drug phase, stability, and bioavailability. X-ray powder diffraction indicated crystalline drug conversion into amorphous phase. Dissolution varied as a function of drug:SAIB:excipient proportion. The dissolution was more than 80% in the optimized formulation (F10) and comparable to HPMC based formulation (F13). Stability of F10 and F13 formulations stored at 25 C/60% and 40°C/75% RH for three months were comparable. Both ASD formulations (F10 and F13) were bioequivalent as indicated by the pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax and AUC0-∞. Cmax and AUC0-∞ of F10 and F13 formulations were 2.52 ± 0.39, and 2.74 ± 0.32 μg/ml, and 26.59 ± 0.39, and 24.79 ± 6.02 μg/ml.h, respectively. Furthermore, the bioavailability of ASD formulation was more than twofold of the formulation containing crystalline phase of the drug. In conclusion, stability and oral bioavailability of SAIB based ASD formulation is comparable to HPMC-based formulation of poorly soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Mohamed
- Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, 310 Reynolds Medical Sciences Building, College Station, Texas, 77843-1114, U.S.A
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Sathish Dharani
- Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, 310 Reynolds Medical Sciences Building, College Station, Texas, 77843-1114, U.S.A
| | - Tahir Khuroo
- Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, 310 Reynolds Medical Sciences Building, College Station, Texas, 77843-1114, U.S.A
| | - Mohammad T H Nutan
- Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, Texas, 78363, U.S.A
| | - Phillip Cook
- Eastman Chemical Company, Kingsport, Tennessee, 37662, U.S.A
| | | | - Mansoor A Khan
- Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, 310 Reynolds Medical Sciences Building, College Station, Texas, 77843-1114, U.S.A
| | - Ziyaur Rahman
- Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, 310 Reynolds Medical Sciences Building, College Station, Texas, 77843-1114, U.S.A..
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2
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Barmpatsalou V, Tjakra M, Li L, Dubbelboer IR, Karlsson E, Pedersen Lomstein B, Bergström CAS. Development of a canine artificial colonic mucus model for drug diffusion studies. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 194:106702. [PMID: 38218203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Colonic mucus is a key factor in the colonic environment because it may affect drug absorption. Due to the similarity of human and canine gastrointestinal physiology, dogs are an established preclinical species for the assessment of controlled release formulations. Here we report the development of an artificial colonic mucus model to mimic the native canine one. In vitro models of the canine colonic environment can provide insights for early stages of drug development and contribute to the implementation of the 3Rs (refinement, reduction, and replacement) of animal usage in the drug development process. Our artificial colonic mucus could predict diffusion trends observed in native mucus and was successfully implemented in microscopic and macroscopic assays to study macromolecular permeation through the mucus. The traditional Transwell set up was optimized with the addition of a nylon filter to ensure homogenous representation of the mucus barrier in vitro. In conclusion, the canine artificial colonic mucus can be used to study drug permeation across the mucus and its flexibility allows its use in various set ups depending on the nature of the compound under investigation and equipment availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Barmpatsalou
- The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 580, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Tjakra
- The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 580, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Li
- The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 580, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - I R Dubbelboer
- The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E Karlsson
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - B Pedersen Lomstein
- Product Development & Drug Delivery, Global Pharmaceutical R&D, Ferring Pharmaceuticals A/S, Amager Strandvej 405, 2770, Kastrup, Denmark
| | - C A S Bergström
- The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 580, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Reese TC, Devineni A, Smith T, Lalami I, Ahn JM, Raj GV. Evaluating physiochemical properties of FDA-approved orally administered drugs. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:225-238. [PMID: 37921049 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2275617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Analyses of orally administered FDA-approved drugs from 1990 to 1993 enabled the identification of a set of physiochemical properties known as Lipinski's Rule of Five (Ro5). The original Ro5 and extended versions still remain the reference criteria for drug development programs. Since many bioactive compounds do not conform to the Ro5, we validated the relevance of and adherence to these rulesets in a contemporary cohort of FDA-approved drugs. AREAS COVERED The authors noted that a significant proportion of FDA-approved orally administered parent compounds from 2011 to 2022 deviate from the original Ro5 criteria (~38%) or the Ro5 with extensions (~53%). They then evaluated if a contemporary Ro5 criteria (cRo5) could be devised to better predict oral bioavailability. Furthermore, they discuss many case studies showcasing the need for and benefit of increasing the size of certain compounds and cover several evolving strategies for improving oral bioavailability. EXPERT OPINION Despite many revisions to the Ro5, the authors find that no single proposed physiochemical rule has universal concordance with absolute oral bioavailability. Innovations in drug delivery and formulation have dramatically expanded the range of physicochemical properties and the chemical diversity for oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner C Reese
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Anvita Devineni
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Tristan Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, USA
| | - Ismail Lalami
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, USA
| | - Jung-Mo Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, USA
| | - Ganesh V Raj
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
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Djuris J, Cvijic S, Djekic L. Model-Informed Drug Development: In Silico Assessment of Drug Bioperformance following Oral and Percutaneous Administration. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:177. [PMID: 38399392 PMCID: PMC10892858 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry has faced significant changes in recent years, primarily influenced by regulatory standards, market competition, and the need to accelerate drug development. Model-informed drug development (MIDD) leverages quantitative computational models to facilitate decision-making processes. This approach sheds light on the complex interplay between the influence of a drug's performance and the resulting clinical outcomes. This comprehensive review aims to explain the mechanisms that control the dissolution and/or release of drugs and their subsequent permeation through biological membranes. Furthermore, the importance of simulating these processes through a variety of in silico models is emphasized. Advanced compartmental absorption models provide an analytical framework to understand the kinetics of transit, dissolution, and absorption associated with orally administered drugs. In contrast, for topical and transdermal drug delivery systems, the prediction of drug permeation is predominantly based on quantitative structure-permeation relationships and molecular dynamics simulations. This review describes a variety of modeling strategies, ranging from mechanistic to empirical equations, and highlights the growing importance of state-of-the-art tools such as artificial intelligence, as well as advanced imaging and spectroscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Djuris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.C.); (L.D.)
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Gasthuys E, Sandra L, Statelova M, Vertzoni M, Vermeulen A. The Use of Population Pharmacokinetics to Extrapolate Food Effects from Human Adults and Beagle Dogs to the Pediatric Population Illustrated with Paracetamol as a Test Case. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 17:53. [PMID: 38256887 PMCID: PMC10818831 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
To date, food-drug interactions in the pediatric population remain understudied. The current food effect studies are mostly performed in adults and do not mimic the real-life situation in the pediatric population. Since the potential benefits of food effect studies performed in pediatrics should be counterbalanced with the burden that these studies pose to the patients, alternative research strategies should be evaluated. The present study aimed to evaluate whether population pharmacokinetics (popPK) using data in beagle dogs and human adults could reliably assess food effects relevant for the pediatric population. PopPK was utilized to understand the performance of paracetamol under different dosing conditions (when the participants were fasted, with a reference meal, and with infant formula) in human adults (n = 8) and beagle dogs (n = 6) by constructing models to derive the pharmacokinetic parameters and to evaluate the food effects in both species. A two-compartment model with a single input function for the absorption phase best described the profiles of paracetamol in the beagle dogs. In the human adults, a one-compartment model with a dual input function for the absorption phase best described the data. The simulated profiles for the different dosing conditions demonstrated that both the human adults' and beagle dogs' simulations were able to acceptably describe the plasma concentration-time profiles of paracetamol observed in a representative pediatric population, which opens up perspectives on pediatric-relevant food effect predictions. However, the obtained results should be carefully interpreted, since an accurate validation of these findings was not possible due to the scarcity of the literature on observed pediatric data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Gasthuys
- Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Louis Sandra
- Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Marina Statelova
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 157 84 Athens, Greece; (M.S.); (M.V.)
- Analytical Research and Development, Global Drug Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Fabrikstrasse 2, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Vertzoni
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 157 84 Athens, Greece; (M.S.); (M.V.)
| | - An Vermeulen
- Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.S.); (A.V.)
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Janssen R&D, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
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6
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Li Y, Yin H, Wu C, He J, Wang C, Ren B, Wang H, Geng D, Zhang Y, Zhao L. Preparation and in vivo evaluation of an intravenous emulsion loaded with an aprepitant-phospholipid complex. Drug Deliv 2023; 30:2183834. [PMID: 36843571 PMCID: PMC9979997 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2183834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In present, there was no detailed report on the formulation optimization and quality evaluation of aprepitant (APT) injectable lipid emulsion (APT-IE). The aim of the present investigation was to prepare and evaluate its properties of APT-IE loaded with an APT phospholipid complex (APT-PC) in vitro and in vivo. APT-PC was obtained by solvent evaporation with APT and phospholipids, then analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Lipid emulsions are a new formulation that can reduce side effects and improve drug loading.APT-IE prepared by High-pressure homogenization and optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The proportion of sodium oleate, poloxamer 188 and soybean oil were selected as variables for the optimization. The optimal formulation of ATP-IE had the following characteristics: particle size, 82.83 ± 1.89 nm; polydispersity index, 0.243 ± 0.008; zeta potential, -59.0 ± 2.54 mV; encapsulation efficiency, 98.84%±1.43%; drug loading, 7.08 ± 0.16 mg/mL; and osmotic pressure, 301 ± 2.15 mOsmol/kg. Transmission electron microscopy images indicated that the particle diameter of APT-IE was approximately 100 nm, with a morphology of spheroidal or spherical. APT-IE exhibited sufficient stability after storage at 4 ± 2 °C for more than 6 months. The results of the pharmacokinetic study demonstrated that APT-IE had the advantages of better safety, higher bioavailability, and obvious liver targeting than APT solution (APT-SL). The area under the curve (AUC) of APT-IE was 3-fold enhanced compared with APT-SL. The targeted enhancement multiple of APT-IE to liver tissue was greater than that of APT-SL. These results suggested that APT-IE has broad clinical application and industrial production potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Hong Yin
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Chensi Wu
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Pharmacy, Hohhot Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Mongolian Medicine, Hohhot, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Bo Ren
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Heping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Dandan Geng
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yirong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Ligang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China,Tangshan Key Lab of Novel Preparations and Drug Release Technology, Tangshan, China,CONTACT Ligang Zhao School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road of Caofeidian, Tangshan, Hebei063210, China
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Yoshida T, Kojima H. Oral Drug Delivery Systems Applied to Launched Products: Value for the Patients and Industrial Considerations. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5312-5331. [PMID: 37856863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems (DDS) control the amount, rate, and site of administration of drug substances in the body as well as their release and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion). Among the various types of DDS, amount-controlled DDS for solubilization and absorption increase the bioavailability. Time- and amount-controlled DDS are controlled release formulations classified as (1) membrane-type, (2) matrix-type, (3) osmotic-type, and (4) ion-exchange type. Timed-release formulations also control the time and amount of release and the absorption of drugs. Site- and amount-controlled DDS are characterized by colonic delivery and intestinal lymph-targeting to improve release and ADME of drug substances. Finally, site-, time-, and amount-controlled DDS are gastroretentive formulations and local delivery in the oral cavity to improve site retention, release, and ADME of drugs. DDS can enhance efficacy, reduce adverse effects, and optimize the dosing frequency of various drug products to increase patient value. This review focuses on patient value and industrial considerations of launched oral DDS. We provide a technological overview of candidate and marketed DDS, as well as the pros/cons of the technologies for industrialization with consideration to excipients, manufacturing, and storage stability. Moreover, to demonstrate the usefulness of the technology and support the selection and development of the best technologies for patients, we also describe patient value from clinical studies and analyses, particularly with regard to increased new medical options, higher efficacy, reduced adverse effects, reduced number of doses and clinic visits, easier administration, higher quality of life, greater adherence, and satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Yoshida
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc, 180 Ozumi, Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-0072, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kojima
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc, 180 Ozumi, Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-0072, Japan
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8
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Statelova M, Holm R, Fotaki N, Reppas C, Vertzoni M. Usefulness of the Beagle Model in the Evaluation of Paracetamol and Ibuprofen Exposure after Oral Administration to Pediatric Populations: An Exploratory Study. Mol Pharm 2023. [PMID: 37125690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the usefulness of beagle dogs in combination with physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling in the evaluation of drug exposure after oral administration to pediatric populations at an early stage of pharmaceutical product development. An exploratory, single-dose, crossover bioavailability study in six beagles was performed. A paracetamol suspension and an ibuprofen suspension were coadministered in the fasted-state conditions, under reference-meal fed-state conditions, and under infant-formula fed-state conditions. PBPK models developed with GastroPlus v9.7 were used to inform the extrapolation of beagle data to human infants and children. Beagle-based simulation outcomes were compared with published human-adult-based simulations. For paracetamol, fasted-state conditions and reference-meal fed-state conditions in beagles appeared to provide adequate information for the applied scaling approach. Fasted-state and/or reference-meal fed-state conditions in beagles appeared suitable to simulate the performance of ibuprofen suspension in pediatric populations. Contrary to human-adult-based translations, extrapolations based on beagle data collected under infant-formula fed-state conditions appeared less useful for informing simulations of plasma levels in pediatric populations. Beagle data collected under fasted and/or reference-meal fed-state conditions appeared to be useful in the investigation of pediatric product performance of the two investigated highly permeable and highly soluble drugs in the upper small intestine. The suitability of the beagle as a preclinical model to understand pediatric drug product performance under different dosing conditions deserves further evaluation with a broader spectrum of drugs and drug products and comparisons with pediatric in vivo data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Statelova
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 157 84, Greece
| | - René Holm
- Drug Product Development, Janssen Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Nikoletta Fotaki
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Christos Reppas
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 157 84, Greece
| | - Maria Vertzoni
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 157 84, Greece
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9
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Vinarov Z, Butler J, Kesisoglou F, Koziolek M, Augustijns P. Assessment of food effects during clinical development. Int J Pharm 2023; 635:122758. [PMID: 36801481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Food-drug interactions frequently hamper oral drug development due to various physicochemical, physiological and formulation-dependent mechanisms. This has stimulated the development of a range of promising biopharmaceutical assessment tools which, however, lack standardized settings and protocols. Hence, this manuscript aims to provide an overview of the general approach and the methodology used in food effect assessment and prediction. For in vitro dissolution-based predictions, the expected food effect mechanism should be carefully considered when selecting the level of complexity of the model, together with its drawbacks and advantages. Typically, in vitro dissolution profiles are then incorporated into physiologically based pharmacokinetic models, which can estimate the impact of food-drug interactions on bioavailability within 2-fold prediction error, at least. Positive food effects related to drug solubilization in the GI tract are easier to predict than negative food effects. Preclinical animal models also provide a good level of food effect prediction, with beagle dogs remaining the gold standard. When solubility-related food-drug interactions have large clinical impact, advanced formulation approaches can be used to improve fasted state pharmacokinetics, hence decreasing the fasted/fed difference in oral bioavailability. Finally, the knowledge from all studies should be combined to secure regulatory approval of the labelling instructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahari Vinarov
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - James Butler
- Medicine Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Ware, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mirko Koziolek
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Small Molecule CMC Development, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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El-Kady MM, Ansari I, Arora C, Rai N, Soni S, Kumar Verma D, Singh P, El Din Mahmoud A. Nanomaterials: A Comprehensive Review of Applications, Toxicity, Impact, and Fate to Environment. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Tyler T, Schultz A, Venturini A, Giuliano C, Bernareggi A, Spezia R, Voisin D, Stella V. Challenges in the Development of Intravenous Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists: Results of a Safety and Pharmacokinetics Dose-Finding, Phase 1 Study of Intravenous Fosnetupitant. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2022; 11:1405-1418. [PMID: 36263927 PMCID: PMC10092591 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Oral NEPA is the fixed-combination antiemetic comprising netupitant (neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist [NK1 RA]) and palonosetron (5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonist [5-HT3 RA]). Intravenous (IV) NEPA, containing fosnetupitant, a water-soluble N-phosphoryloxymethyl prodrug of netupitant, has been developed. Fosnetupitant does not require excipients or solubility enhancers often used to increase IV NK1 RA water solubility, preventing the occurrence of hypersensitivity and infusion-site reactions associated with these products. In this phase 1 study, subjects received a 30-minute placebo or fosnetupitant (17.6-353 mg) infusion and an oral NEPA or placebo capsule, with 2-sequence crossover treatment for fosnetupitant 118- to 353-mg dose cohorts. IV fosnetupitant safety and pharmacokinetics were evaluated, and its equivalence to an oral netupitant 300-mg dose was defined. Overall, 158 healthy volunteers were enrolled. All adverse events (AEs) were mild or moderate in intensity. Doppler-identified infusion-site asymptomatic thrombosis occurred in 5.4% (fosnetupitant) and 1.2% (oral NEPA) of subjects. The frequency or number of treatment-related AEs did not increase with ascending fosnetupitant doses. The most common treatment-related AEs were headache (fosnetupitant, 8.1%; oral NEPA, 12.7%) and constipation (fosnetupitant, 1.4%; oral NEPA, 7.5%). A fosnetupitant 235-mg dose was equivalent, in terms of netupitant exposure, to 300-mg oral netupitant. The safety profile of a single fosnetupitant 235-mg infusion was similar to that of single-dose oral NEPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Tyler
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, California, USA
| | - Armin Schultz
- CRS Clinical Research Services Mannheim GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Valentino Stella
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
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12
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Polli JE. A Simple One-Parameter Percent Dissolved Versus Time Dissolution Equation that Accommodates Sink and Non-sink Conditions via Drug Solubility and Dissolution Volume. AAPS J 2022; 25:1. [PMID: 36396889 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-022-00765-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro dissolution generally involves sink conditions, so dissolution equations generally do not need to accommodate non-sink conditions. Greater use of biorelevant media, which are typically less able to provide sink conditions than pharmaceutical surfactants, necessitates equations that accommodate non-sink conditions. One objective was to derive an integrated, one-parameter dissolution equation for percent dissolved versus time that accommodates non-sink effects via drug solubility and dissolution volume parameters, including incomplete solubility. A second objective was to characterize the novel equation by fitting it to biorelevant dissolution profiles of tablets of two poorly water-soluble drugs, as well as by conducting simulations of the effect of dose on dissolution profile. The Polli dissolution equation was derived, [Formula: see text], where M0 is the drug dose (mg), cs is drug solubility (mg/ml), V is dissolution volume (ml), and kd is dissolution rate coefficient (ml/mg per min). Maximum allowable percent dissolved was determined by drug solubility and not a fitted extent of dissolution parameter. The equation fit tablet profiles in the presence and absence of sink conditions, using a single fitted parameter, kd, and where solubility ranged over a 1000-fold range. kd was generally smaller when cs was larger. FeSSGF provided relatively small kd values, reflecting FeSSGF colloids are large and slowly diffusing. Simulations showed impact of non-sink conditions, as well as plausible kd values for various cs scenarios, in agreement with observed kd values. The equation has advantages over first-order and z-factor dissolution rate equations. An Excel file for regression is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Polli
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, N623, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201, USA.
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13
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Liu J, Li Y, Ao W, Xiao Y, Bai M, Li S. Preparation and Characterization of Aprepitant Solid Dispersion with HPMCAS-LF. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:39907-39912. [PMID: 36385804 PMCID: PMC9647728 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on improving the physicochemical characteristics of aprepitant with poor water solubility by preparing solid dispersion (SD). To prepare the SD with HPMCAS-LF, the solvent evaporation method was applied. Based on dissolution analysis, the dissolution rate of SD increased by five times compared with aprepitant. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results suggested the presence of amorphous-form aprepitant inside SD. According to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, intermolecular hydrogen bonds were detected between polymer and aprepitant. The Caco-2 cell experiment proved that SD did not lower the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values but improved the permeation amount of aprepitant. Additionally, the SD of aprepitant displayed excellent stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Liu
- College
of Traditional Mongolian Medicine, Inner
Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
- School
of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of
Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yongji Li
- School
of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of
Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wuliji Ao
- Inner
Mongolia Research Institute of Traditional Mongolian Meweight ratios
ofdicine Engineering, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Yingge Xiao
- College
of Traditional Mongolian Medicine, Inner
Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Meirong Bai
- Key
Laboratory of Monglian Medicine Research and Development Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tongliao 028000, china
| | - Shuyan Li
- College
of Traditional Mongolian Medicine, Inner
Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
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14
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Liu J, Li S, Ao W, Li Y, Xiao Y, Bai M. Fabrication of an aprepitant nanosuspension using hydroxypropyl chitosan to increase the bioavailability. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 631:72-77. [PMID: 36179498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aprepitant has been classified into BCS class IV, which has low permeability and poor water solubility, resulting in low bioavailability. This study focused on improving its permeability and solubility in order to improve the oral bioavailability of aprepitant. Hydroxypropyl chitosan (HPCS) was used as a stabilizer for the nanosuspension and wet milling was utilized for improving aprepitant's bioavailability and solubility. The resulting nanosuspension size was 151 ± 14.5 nm and its zeta potential was 63.5 ± 0.34 Mv. The spectral characteristics (XRPD, DSC, TEM) of the nanosuspension suggested that aprepitant existed in the crystalline form and that nanosuspension had 2-fold higher solubility than aprepitant. Hydroxypropyl chitosan can significantly reduce the TEER of Caco-2 cells and the Papp of the suspension in Caco-2 cells increased by 2.2 times compared with aprepitant. The relative bioavailability of the nanosuspension was 147.7% compared with the commercial capsule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Liu
- College of Traditional Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China; School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shuyan Li
- College of Traditional Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Wuliji Ao
- Inner Mongolia Research Institute of Traditional Mongolian Medicine Engineering Technology, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Yongji Li
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yingge Xiao
- College of Traditional Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Meirong Bai
- College of Traditional Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028000, China; Key Laboratory of Monglian Medicine Research and Development Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tongliao, 028000, China.
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15
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Fast-Fed Variability: Insights into Drug Delivery, Molecular Manifestations, and Regulatory Aspects. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091807. [PMID: 36145555 PMCID: PMC9505616 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Among various drug administration routes, oral drug delivery is preferred and is considered patient-friendly; hence, most of the marketed drugs are available as conventional tablets or capsules. In such cases, the administration of drugs with or without food has tremendous importance on the bioavailability of the drugs. The presence of food may increase (positive effect) or decrease (negative effect) the bioavailability of the drug. Such a positive or negative effect is undesirable since it makes dosage estimation difficult in several diseases. This may lead to an increased propensity for adverse effects of drugs when a positive food effect is perceived. However, a negative food effect may lead to therapeutic insufficiency for patients suffering from life-threatening disorders. This review emphasizes the causes of food effects, formulation strategies to overcome the fast-fed variability, and the regulatory aspects of drugs with food effects, which may open new avenues for researchers to design products that may help to eliminate fast-fed variability.
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16
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Abstract
![]()
Formulations containing nanosized drug particles such
as nanocrystals
and nanosized amorphous drug aggregates recently came into light as
promising strategies to improve the bioavailability of poorly soluble
drugs. However, the increased solubility due to the reduction in particle
size cannot adequately explain the enhanced bioavailability. In this
study, the mechanisms and extent of enhanced passive permeation by
drug particles were investigated using atazanavir, lopinavir, and
clotrimazole as model drugs. Franz diffusion cells with lipid-infused
membranes were utilized to evaluate transmembrane flux. The impact
of stirring rate, receiver buffer condition, and particle size was
investigated, and mass transport analyses were conducted to calculate
transmembrane flux. Flux enhancement by particles was found to be
dependent on particle size as well as the partitioning behavior of
the drug between the receiver solution and the membrane, which is
determined by both the drug and buffer used. A flux plateau was observed
at high particle concentrations above amorphous solubility, confirming
that mass transfer of amorphous drug particles from the aqueous solution
to the membrane occurs only through the molecularly dissolved drug.
Mass transport models were used to calculate flux enhancement by particles
for various drugs at different conditions. Good agreements were obtained
between experimental and predicted values. These results should contribute
to improved bioavailability prediction of nanosized drug particles
and better design of formulations containing colloidal drug particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Narula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 North Eagleville Road Unit 3092, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Rayan Sabra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 North Eagleville Road Unit 3092, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, 69 North Eagleville Road Unit 3092, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road Unit 3136, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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17
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Bio-enabling strategies to mitigate the pharmaceutical food effect: a mini review. Int J Pharm 2022; 619:121695. [PMID: 35339633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The concomitant administration of oral drugs with food can result in significant changes in bioavailability, leading to variable pharmacokinetics and considerable clinical implications, such as over- or under-dosing. Consequently, there is increasing demand for bio-enabling formulation strategies to reduce variability in exposure between the fasted and fed state and/or mitigate the pharmaceutical food effect. The current review critically evaluates technologies that have been implemented to overcome the positive food effects of pharmaceutical drugs, including, lipid-based formulations, nanosized drug preparations, cyclodextrins, amorphisation and solid dispersions, prodrugs and salts. Additionally, improved insight into preclinical models for predicting the food effect is provided. Despite the wealth of research, this review demonstrates that application of optimal formulation strategies to mitigate the positive food effects and the evaluation in preclinical models is not a universal approach, and improved standardisation of models to predict the food effects would be desirable. Ultimately, the successful reformulation of specific drugs to eliminate the food effect provides a panoply of advantages for patients with regard to clinical efficacy and compliance.
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18
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Onodera R, Hayashi T, Motoyama K, Tahara K, Takeuchi H. Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin Enhances Oral Absorption of Silymarin Nanoparticles Prepared Using PureNano™ Continuous Crystallizer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020394. [PMID: 35214124 PMCID: PMC8880042 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral bioavailability of drugs is limited by factors such as poor membrane permeability, low solubility, and low dissolution rate. Silymarin (SLM) is a health-food active ingredient that is good for immunosuppression and tumor suppression. However, obtaining a good oral bioavailability is difficult owing to its poor solubility and low dissolution ability. To overcome these concerns, we previously prepared SLM nanoparticles (NPs) using the high-pressure crystallization method (PureNanoTM) and freeze-dried them with erythritol (Ery) or hydroxypropyl-β-CyD (HP-β-CyD) as a water-soluble dispersion stabilizer. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the improved absorption of SLM/hypromellose (HPMC)/HP-β-CyD NPs after oral administration. The SLM/HPMC nano-suspension prepared using PureNanoTM exhibited a narrow size distribution. The size of the SLM/HPMC/HP-β-CyD NPs was approximately 250 nm after hydration. The SLM/HPMC/HP-β-CyD NPs were rapidly dissolved, and demonstrated a high solubility under supersaturated conditions. Additionally, they exhibited good wettability and their membrane permeability was improved compared with that of SLM original powder. These results suggest that the formulation of SLM NPs using PureNanoTM and freeze-drying with HP-β-CyD improves the absorption of SLM after oral administration by enhancing solubility, wettability, and membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risako Onodera
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (R.O.); (T.H.); (K.T.)
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan;
| | - Tomohiro Hayashi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (R.O.); (T.H.); (K.T.)
| | - Keiichi Motoyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan;
| | - Kohei Tahara
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (R.O.); (T.H.); (K.T.)
| | - Hirofumi Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan; (R.O.); (T.H.); (K.T.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Share Mohammadi H, Haghighi Asl A, Khajenoori M. Experimental study and modeling of letrozole (anticancer drug) solubility in subcritical water: Production of nanoparticles using subcritical water precipitation method. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Role of solid lipid nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles on the pharmacokinetic variability of Erlotinib HCl. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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21
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Meola TR, Joyce P, Wignall A, Bremmell KE, Prestidge CA. Harnessing the potential of nanostructured formulations to mimic the food effect of lurasidone. Int J Pharm 2021; 608:121098. [PMID: 34534629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lurasidone is an important antipsychotic drug indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, with an oral bioavailability of 9-19% owing to its poor aqueous solubility. Additionally, lurasidone exhibits a 2-fold positive food effect, such that patients must administer their medication with a meal, leading to significant non-compliance. The aim of this research was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo performance of lurasidone when engineered as nanostructured systems. Specifically, a nanosuspension, nano-emulsion and silica-lipid hybrid (SLH) microparticles were formulated and the influence of composition and nanostructure on the mechanism of solubilisation was compared. Formulations were shown to enhance fasted state solubilisation levels in vitro by up to 5.9-fold, compared to pure drug. Fed- and fasted-state solubilisation profiles revealed that in contrast to the nanosuspension and nano-emulsion, lurasidone SLH mitigated the positive pharmaceutical effect of lurasidone. In vivo pharmacokinetic evaluations revealed that the nanosuspension, nano-emulsion and SLH enhanced the bioavailability of lurasidone by 3-fold, 2.4-fold and 8.8-fold, respectively, compared to pure drug after oral administration. For lurasidone, the combination of lipid-based nanostructure and porous silica nanostructure (SLH) led to optimal fasted state bioavailability which can ultimately result in enhanced treatment efficacy, easier dosing regimens and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahlia R Meola
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia; ARC Centre for Excellence in Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Paul Joyce
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia; ARC Centre for Excellence in Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Anthony Wignall
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia; ARC Centre for Excellence in Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Kristen E Bremmell
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia; ARC Centre for Excellence in Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia; ARC Centre for Excellence in Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
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22
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Solubility measurement and preparation of nanoparticles of ampicillin using subcritical water precipitation method. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0891-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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Xu Y, Shrestha N, Préat V, Beloqui A. An overview of in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models for studying the transport of drugs across intestinal barriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113795. [PMID: 33989702 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration is the most commonly used route for drug delivery owing to its cost-effectiveness, ease of administration, and high patient compliance. However, the absorption of orally delivered compounds is a complex process that greatly depends on the interplay between the characteristics of the drug/formulation and the gastrointestinal tract. In this contribution, we review the different preclinical models (in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo) from their development to application for studying the transport of drugs across intestinal barriers. This review also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each model. Furthermore, the authors have reviewed the selection and validation of these models and how the limitations of the models can be addressed in future investigations. The correlation and predictability of the intestinal transport data from the preclinical models and human data are also explored. With the increasing popularity and prevalence of orally delivered drugs/formulations, sophisticated preclinical models with higher predictive capacity for absorption of oral formulations used in clinical studies will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Xu
- University of Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier 73 B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Neha Shrestha
- University of Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier 73 B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Véronique Préat
- University of Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier 73 B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Ana Beloqui
- University of Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier 73 B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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24
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Palmelund H, Eriksen JB, Bauer-Brandl A, Rantanen J, Löbmann K. Enabling formulations of aprepitant: in vitro and in vivo comparison of nanocrystalline, amorphous and deep eutectic solvent based formulations. Int J Pharm X 2021; 3:100083. [PMID: 34151250 PMCID: PMC8193149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2021.100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A deep eutectic solvent (DES) is a eutectic system consisting of hydrogen bond donor and acceptor has been suggested as a promising formulation strategy for poorly soluble drugs. A DES consisting of choline chloride and levulinic acid in a 1:2 molar ratio was used to formulate a liquid solution of the model drug aprepitant. This formulation was tested in vitro (drug release and permeability) and in vivo (rat model) and compared with the performance of amorphous aprepitant and the commercial aprepitant nanocrystalline formulation. In this study a DES formulation is compared for the first time directly to other established enabling formulations. The in vitro drug release study demonstrated that the DES formulation and the amorphous form both were able to induce an apparent supersaturation followed by subsequent drug precipitation. To mitigate the risk of precipitation, HPMC was predissolved in the dissolution medium, which successfully reduced the degree of precipitation. In line with the results from the release study, an in vitro permeation study showed superior permeation of the drug from the DES formulation and from the amorphous form compared to the nanocrystalline formulation. However, the promising in vitro findings could not be directly translated into an increased in vivo performance in rats compared to the nanocrystalline formulation. Whilst the DES formulation (34 ± 4%) showed a higher oral bioavailability compared to amorphous aprepitant (20 ± 4%), it was on par with the oral bioavailability obtained from the nanocrystalline formulation (36 ± 2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Palmelund
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Pharmacy, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas B Eriksen
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Annette Bauer-Brandl
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jukka Rantanen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Pharmacy, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Korbinian Löbmann
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Pharmacy, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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25
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Qian K, Stella L, Jones DS, Andrews GP, Du H, Tian Y. Drug-Rich Phases Induced by Amorphous Solid Dispersion: Arbitrary or Intentional Goal in Oral Drug Delivery? Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:889. [PMID: 34203969 PMCID: PMC8232734 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Among many methods to mitigate the solubility limitations of drug compounds, amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is considered to be one of the most promising strategies to enhance the dissolution and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. The enhancement of ASD in the oral absorption of drugs has been mainly attributed to the high apparent drug solubility during the dissolution. In the last decade, with the implementations of new knowledge and advanced analytical techniques, a drug-rich transient metastable phase was frequently highlighted within the supersaturation stage of the ASD dissolution. The extended drug absorption and bioavailability enhancement may be attributed to the metastability of such drug-rich phases. In this paper, we have reviewed (i) the possible theory behind the formation and stabilization of such metastable drug-rich phases, with a focus on non-classical nucleation; (ii) the additional benefits of the ASD-induced drug-rich phases for bioavailability enhancements. It is envisaged that a greater understanding of the non-classical nucleation theory and its application on the ASD design might accelerate the drug product development process in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Qian
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (K.Q.); (D.S.J.); (G.P.A.)
| | - Lorenzo Stella
- Atomistic Simulation Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, 7–9 College Park E, Belfast BT7 1PS, UK;
- David Keir Building, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - David S. Jones
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (K.Q.); (D.S.J.); (G.P.A.)
| | - Gavin P. Andrews
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (K.Q.); (D.S.J.); (G.P.A.)
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Huachuan Du
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Street, 11th floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yiwei Tian
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (K.Q.); (D.S.J.); (G.P.A.)
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26
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Naito T, Suzuki Y, Shibata K, Kawakami J. Simple Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Quantitation of Total and Free Aprepitant and Its Active N-Dealkylated Metabolites in Human Plasma. Ther Drug Monit 2021; 43:422-428. [PMID: 32960546 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aprepitant, an antiemetic selective neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, is primarily metabolized to the active N-dealkylated form (ND-AP) and then converted to its carbonyl form (ND-CAP) in humans. This study developed a simple liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method using electrospray ionization for the quantitation of plasma total and free aprepitant and its N-dealkylated metabolites and used them to analyze patient plasma. METHODS Free aprepitant and ND-AP in plasma were fractionated using centrifugal ultrafiltration. The analytes in plasma or their ultrafiltered specimens treated with triethylamine/acetonitrile were isocratically separated using a 3-μm octadecylsilyl column with a total run time of 10 minutes and scanned using positive ion electrospray ionization. RESULTS The calibration curves of total aprepitant, ND-AP, and ND-CAP were prepared at concentration ranges of 50-2500, 20-1000, and 5-250 ng/mL, respectively, whereas that of free aprepitant and ND-AP were at a concentration range of 2-150 ng/mL. The intraassay and interassay accuracy and imprecision values were 93.5%-107.7% and 94.6%-103.3%, and 2.1%-7.5% and 1.0%-8.9%, respectively. Aprepitant and its metabolites did not exhibit any matrix effects or instabilities in the plasma specimens. In cancer patients receiving oral aprepitant, the plasma concentration ranges of total aprepitant, ND-AP, and ND-CAP, and free aprepitant and ND-AP were 137-2170, 104-928, 22.4-97.6, 8.11-60.0, and 3.53-56.0 ng/mL, respectively. The median plasma free fraction proportion of aprepitant and ND-AP was 4.14% and 4.90%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present developed method showed an acceptable analytical performance and can be used to evaluate total and free aprepitant and its N-dealkylated metabolites in patient plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Naito
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan
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27
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Wang Y, Tan X, Fan X, Zhao L, Wang S, He H, Yin T, Zhang Y, Tang X, Jian L, Jin J, Gou J. Current strategies for oral delivery of BCS IV drug nanocrystals: challenges, solutions and future trends. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1211-1228. [PMID: 33719798 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1903428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral absorption of BCS IV drug benefits little from improved dissolution. Therefore, the absorption of BCS IV drug nanocrystals 'as a whole' strategy is preferred, and structural modification of nanocrystals is required. Surface modification helps the nanocrystals maintain particle structure before drug dissolution is needed, thus enhancing the oral absorption of BCS IV drugs and promoting therapeutic effect. Here, the main challenges and solutions of oral BCS IV drug nanocrystals delivery are discussed. Moreover, strategies for nanocrystal surface modification that facilitates oral bioavailability of BCS IV drugs are highlighted, and provide insights for the innovation in oral drug delivery. AREAS COVERED Promising size, shape, and surface modification of nanocrystals have gained interests for application in oral BCS IV drugs. EXPERT OPINION Nanocrystal surface modification is a feasible method to maintain the structural integrity of nanocrystals, and the introduced materials can also be modified to integrate additional functions to further facilitate the absorption of nanocrystals. It is expected that the absorption 'as a whole' strategy of nanocrystals will provide different choices for the oral BCS IV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyi Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyu Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Linxuan Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuhang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haibing He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tian Yin
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingyan Jian
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jingxin Gou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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28
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Application of Fundamental Techniques for Physicochemical Characterizations to Understand Post-Formulation Performance of Pharmaceutical Nanocrystalline Materials. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11030310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nanocrystalline materials (NCM, i.e., crystalline nanoparticles) have become an important class of materials with great potential for applications ranging from drug delivery and electronics to optics. Drug nanocrystals (NC) and nano co-crystals (NCC) are examples of NCM with fascinating physicochemical properties and have attracted significant attention in drug delivery. NCM are categorized by advantageous properties, such as high drug-loading efficiency, good long-term physical stability, steady and predictable drug release, and long systemic circulation time. These properties make them excellent formulations for the efficient delivery of a variety of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). In this review, we summarize the recent advances in drug NCM-based therapy options. Currently, there are three main methods to synthesize drug NCM, including top-down, bottom-up, and combination methods. The fundamental characterization methods of drug NCM are elaborated. Furthermore, the applications of these characterizations and their implications on the post-formulation performance of NCM are introduced.
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Abstract
Colon absorption is a key determinant for the successful development of modified-release (MR) formulations, and the risk that colon absorption may limit the in vivo performance of an MR product can be assessed early by various in vitro tests or by preclinical in vivo regional absorption studies in dogs. Mechanistic physiologically based biopharmaceutics modeling (PBBM) is becoming increasingly accepted to predict in vivo performance and guide formulation development; however, no evaluation of the ability to predict colon absorption has been performed. The purpose of this study was to investigate if regional and colon absorption of drugs in dogs could be predicted with sufficient accuracy using PBBM to enable the replacement of in vivo dog studies in the early assessment of colon absorption limitation risks. This was done by predicting the regional and colon absorption and plasma exposure of 14 drugs after administration to the dog colon according to an a priori approach using the in silico absorption models GI-Sim and GastroPlus. Predictive performance was primarily assessed by comparing observed and predicted plasma concentration-time profiles, AUC0-t, and the relative bioavailability in the colon (Frel,colon) as compared to an oral/duodenal reference. Trends in dependency of prediction performance on predicted fraction absorbed, permeability, and solubility/dissolution rate were also investigated. For GI-Sim, the absolute average fold error (AAFE) values for AUC0-t and Frel,colon were within a 2-fold prediction error for both solutions (1.88 and 1.51, respectively) and suspensions (1.58 and 1.99, respectively). For GastroPlus, the AAFE values for AUC0-t and Frel,colon were outside the set 2-fold prediction error limit for accurate predictions for both solutions (3.63 and 2.98, respectively) and suspensions (2.94 and 2.09, respectively). No trends for over- or underprediction were observed for GI-Sim, whereas GastroPlus showed a slight trend for underprediction of both AUC0-t and Frel,colon for compounds with low permeability. In addition, regional differences in the plasma profiles were qualitatively predicted in the majority of cases for both software. Despite the differences in prediction performance, both models can be considered to predict regional differences in absorption as well as AUC0-t and Frel,colon with acceptable accuracy in an early development setting. The results of this study indicate that it is acceptable to replace in vivo regional absorption studies in dogs with the evaluated models as a method for the early assessment of the risk for colon absorption limitation of MR drug product candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Eckernäs
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, S-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Christer Tannergren
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, S-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
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30
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Determination and validation of aprepitant in rat plasma using LC-MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:363-372. [PMID: 33682445 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The assessment of efficacy should be paralleled with extensive pharmacokinetic parameters, and a valid bioanalytical method is a pre-condition for accurate plasma concentration. Materials & methods: A simple, specific, rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS method has been developed for quantitative analysis of aprepitant in rat plasma. A C18 column was used as stationary phase and the mobile phase consisted of a mixture of formic acid in water and formic acid in acetonitrile. Quantification was performed using multiple reaction monitoring mode. Results: The selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness and ruggedness of the method were evaluated in accordance with bioanalytical method validation guideline of ICH and all results were within the acceptable range. Conclusion: The validated LC-MS/MS method was found to be useful for the quantitative analysis of aprepitant in rat plasma samples.
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31
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Abouhussein DM. Enhanced transdermal permeation of BCS class IV aprepitant using binary ethosome: Optimization, characterization and ex vivo permeation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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32
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Erdoğar N, Akkın S, Nielsen TT, Özçelebi E, Erdoğdu B, Nemutlu E, İskit AB, Bilensoy E. Development of oral aprepitant-loaded chitosan–polyethylene glycol-coated cyclodextrin nanocapsules: formulation, characterization, and pharmacokinetic evaluation. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-020-00511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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33
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Shi C, Ignjatović J, Liu T, Han M, Cun D, Đuriš J, Yang M, Cvijić S. In vitro - in vivo - in silico approach in the development of inhaled drug products: Nanocrystal-based formulations with budesonide as a model drug. Asian J Pharm Sci 2021; 16:350-362. [PMID: 34276823 PMCID: PMC8261257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to understand the absorption patterns of three different kinds of inhaled formulations via in silico modeling using budesonide (BUD) as a model drug. The formulations investigated in this study are: (i) commercially available micronized BUD mixed with lactose (BUD-PT), (ii) BUD nanocrystal suspension (BUD-NC), (iii) BUD nanocrystals embedded hyaluronic acid microparticles (BUD-NEM). The deposition patterns of the three inhaled formulations in the rats’ lungs were determined in vivo and in silico predicted, which were used as inputs in GastroPlus™ software to predict drug absorption following aerosolization of the tested formulations. BUD pharmacokinetics, estimated based on intravenous data in rats, was used to establish a drug-specific in silico absorption model. The BUD-specific in silico model revealed that drug pulmonary solubility and absorption rate constant were the key factors affecting pulmonary absorption of BUD-NC and BUD-NEM, respectively. In the case of BUD-PT, the in silico model revealed significant gastrointestinal absorption of BUD, which could be overlooked by traditional in vivo experimental observation. This study demonstrated that in vitro-in vivo-in silico approach was able to identify the key factors that influence the absorption of different inhaled formulations, which may facilitate the development of orally inhaled formulations with different drug release/absorption rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzhi Shi
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Jelisaveta Ignjatović
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tingting Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Meihua Han
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Dongmei Cun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Jelena Đuriš
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mingshi Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sandra Cvijić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
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34
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Pepin XJH, Huckle JE, Alluri RV, Basu S, Dodd S, Parrott N, Emami Riedmaier A. Understanding Mechanisms of Food Effect and Developing Reliable PBPK Models Using a Middle-out Approach. AAPS JOURNAL 2021; 23:12. [PMID: 33398593 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-020-00548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 10 years, 40% of approved oral drugs exhibited a significant effect of food on their pharmacokinetics (PK) and currently the only method to characterize the effect of food on drug absorption, which is recognized by the authorities, is to conduct a clinical evaluation. Within the pharmaceutical industry, there is a significant effort to predict the mechanism and clinical relevance of a food effect. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models combining both drug-specific and physiology-specific data have been used to predict the effect of food on absorption and to reveal the underlying mechanisms. This manuscript provides detailed descriptions of how a middle-out modeling approach, combining bottom-up in vitro-based predictions with limited top-down fitting of key model parameters for clinical data, can be successfully used to predict the magnitude and direction of food effect when it is predicted poorly by a bottom-up approach. For nefazodone, a mechanistic clearance for the gut and liver was added, for furosemide, an absorption window was introduced, and for aprepitant, the biorelevant solubility was refined using multiple solubility measurements. In all cases, these adjustments were supported by literature data and showcased a rational approach to assess the factors limiting absorption and exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier J H Pepin
- New Modalities and Parenteral Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK.
| | - James E Huckle
- Drug Product Technology, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Ravindra V Alluri
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sumit Basu
- Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic and Drug Metabolism-Quantitative Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics (PPDM-QP2), Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephanie Dodd
- Chemical & Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Neil Parrott
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
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35
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Challenges and opportunities in the delivery of cancer therapeutics: update on recent progress. Ther Deliv 2020; 12:55-76. [PMID: 33307811 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2020-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Global cancer prevalence has continuously increased in the last decades despite substantial progress achieved for patient care. Cancer is no longer recognized as a singular disease but as a plurality of different ones, leading to the important choice of the drug administration route and promoting the development of novel drug-delivery systems (DDS). Due to their structural diversity, therapeutic cancer drugs present specific challenges in physicochemical properties that can adversely affect their efficacy and toxicity profile. These challenges are addressed by innovative DDS to improve bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution profiles. Here, we define the drug delivery challenges related to oral, intravenous, subcutaneous or alternative routes of administration, and review innovative DDS, marketed or in development, that answer those challenges.
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36
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Wang Z, Feng T, Zhou L, Jiang D, Zhang Y, He G, Lin J, Huang P, Lu D. Salinomycin nanocrystals for colorectal cancer treatment through inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:19931-19938. [PMID: 32990713 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04552g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Salinomycin (SAL) is one of the first discovered inhibitors of human cancer stem cells (CSCs), which acts via blocking the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. However, SAL has not been clinically used to treat human diseases due to its poor aqueous solubility and considerable toxicity. In this study, we developed salinomycin nanocrystals (SAL NCs) to treat colorectal cancer through the inhibitory enhancement of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The as-prepared SAL NCs exhibited excellent size distribution, stability, and improved water solubility. In vitro cellular uptake and in vivo fluorescence imaging studies showed that SAL NCs increased cellular uptake efficiency compared with free SAL. As a result, SAL NCs exhibited significant higher cytotoxicity, 1.5-3 times better Wnt inhibitory effect, and 10 times better cancer stem cell inhibitory effect than free SAL. Furthermore, compared with free SAL, SAL NCs exhibited 2 times better anti-colon tumor effect in APCmin/+ transgenic mice through oral administration. Our results indicated that SAL NCs with enhanced cellular internalization and tumor tissue accumulation may be a promising agent for colorectal cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
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37
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Riedmaier AE, DeMent K, Huckle J, Bransford P, Stillhart C, Lloyd R, Alluri R, Basu S, Chen Y, Dhamankar V, Dodd S, Kulkarni P, Olivares-Morales A, Peng CC, Pepin X, Ren X, Tran T, Tistaert C, Heimbach T, Kesisoglou F, Wagner C, Parrott N. Use of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling for Predicting Drug-Food Interactions: an Industry Perspective. AAPS JOURNAL 2020; 22:123. [PMID: 32981010 PMCID: PMC7520419 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-020-00508-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of food on pharmacokinetic properties of drugs is a commonly observed occurrence affecting about 40% of orally administered drugs. Within the pharmaceutical industry, significant resources are invested to predict and characterize a clinically relevant food effect. Here, the predictive performance of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) food effect models was assessed via de novo mechanistic absorption models for 30 compounds using controlled, pre-defined in vitro, and modeling methodology. Compounds for which absorption was known to be limited by intestinal transporters were excluded in this analysis. A decision tree for model verification and optimization was followed, leading to high, moderate, or low food effect prediction confidence. High (within 0.8- to 1.25-fold) to moderate confidence (within 0.5- to 2-fold) was achieved for most of the compounds (15 and 8, respectively). While for 7 compounds, prediction confidence was found to be low (> 2-fold). There was no clear difference in prediction success for positive or negative food effects and no clear relationship to the BCS category of tested drug molecules. However, an association could be demonstrated when the food effect was mainly related to changes in the gastrointestinal luminal fluids or physiology, including fluid volume, motility, pH, micellar entrapment, and bile salts. Considering these findings, it is recommended that appropriately verified mechanistic PBPK modeling can be leveraged with high to moderate confidence as a key approach to predicting potential food effect, especially related to mechanisms highlighted here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin DeMent
- Global DMPK, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., San Diego, California, USA
| | - James Huckle
- Drug Product Technology, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Phil Bransford
- Modeling & Informatics, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cordula Stillhart
- Pharmaceutical R&D, Formulation & Process Sciences, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Richard Lloyd
- Computational & Modelling Sciences, Platform Technology Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Ware, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Ravindra Alluri
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sumit Basu
- Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic and Drug Metabolism-Quantitative Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics (PPDM-QP2), Merck & Co, Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Varsha Dhamankar
- Formulation Development, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Formulation Development, Cyclerion Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephanie Dodd
- Chemical & Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Priyanka Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrés Olivares-Morales
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chi-Chi Peng
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Theravance Biopharma, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xavier Pepin
- New Modalities and Parenteral Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Xiaojun Ren
- Modeling & Simulation, PK Sciences, Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Thuy Tran
- Computational & Modelling Sciences, Platform Technology Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Tycho Heimbach
- PBPK & Biopharmaceutics, Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Wayne, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Christian Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Technologies, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Neil Parrott
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
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38
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Dahlgren D, Sjögren E, Lennernäs H. Intestinal absorption of BCS class II drugs administered as nanoparticles: A review based on in vivo data from intestinal perfusion models. ADMET AND DMPK 2020; 8:375-390. [PMID: 35300192 PMCID: PMC8915587 DOI: 10.5599/admet.881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An established pharmaceutical strategy to increase oral drug absorption of low solubility–high permeability drugs is to create nanoparticles of them. Reducing the size of the solid-state particles increases their dissolution and transport rate across the mucus barrier and the aqueous boundary layer. Suspensions of nanoparticles also sometimes behave differently than those of larger particles in the fed state. This review compares the absorption mechanisms of nano- and larger particles in the lumen at different prandial states, with an emphasis on data derived from in vivo models. Four BSC class II drugs—aprepitant, cyclosporine, danazol and fenofibrate—are discussed in detail based on information from preclinical intestinal perfusion models.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dahlgren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Translational Drug Discovery and Development, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Erik Sjögren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Translational Drug Discovery and Development, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Hans Lennernäs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Translational Drug Discovery and Development, Uppsala University, Sweden
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39
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Matsumura N, Ono A, Akiyama Y, Fujita T, Sugano K. Bottom-Up Physiologically Based Oral Absorption Modeling of Free Weak Base Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E844. [PMID: 32899235 PMCID: PMC7558956 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we systematically evaluated "bottom-up" physiologically based oral absorption modeling, focusing on free weak base drugs. The gastrointestinal unified theoretical framework (the GUT framework) was employed as a simple and transparent model. The oral absorption of poorly soluble free weak base drugs is affected by gastric pH. Alternation of bulk and solid surface pH by dissolving drug substances was considered in the model. Simple physicochemical properties such as pKa, the intrinsic solubility, and the bile micelle partition coefficient were used as input parameters. The fraction of a dose absorbed (Fa) in vivo was obtained by reanalyzing the pharmacokinetic data in the literature (15 drugs, a total of 85 Fa data). The AUC ratio with/without a gastric acid-reducing agent (AUCr) was collected from the literature (22 data). When gastric dissolution was neglected, Fa was underestimated (absolute average fold error (AAFE) = 1.85, average fold error (AFE) = 0.64). By considering gastric dissolution, predictability was improved (AAFE = 1.40, AFE = 1.04). AUCr was also appropriately predicted (AAFE = 1.54, AFE = 1.04). The Fa values of several drugs were slightly overestimated (less than 1.7-fold), probably due to neglecting particle growth in the small intestine. This modeling strategy will be of great importance for drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Matsumura
- Minase Research Institute, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Asami Ono
- Laboratory for Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Control, Pharmaceuticals Production & Technology Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, 632-1 Mifuku, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2321, Japan;
| | - Yoshiyuki Akiyama
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan;
| | - Takuya Fujita
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan;
| | - Kiyohiko Sugano
- Molecular Pharmaceutics Lab., College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan;
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40
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Radiochemical Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Radioconjugates of Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist Aprepitant Dedicated for NK1R-Positive Tumors. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163756. [PMID: 32824729 PMCID: PMC7466001 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aprepitant, a lipophilic and small molecular representative of neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists, is known for its anti-proliferative activity on numerous cancer cell lines that are sensitive to Substance P mitogen action. In the presented research, we developed two novel structural modifications of aprepitant to create aprepitant conjugates with different radionuclide chelators. All of them were radiolabeled with 68Ga and 177Lu radionuclides and evaluated in terms of their lipophilicity and stability in human serum. Furthermore, fully stable conjugates were examined in molecular modelling with a human neurokinin 1 receptor structure and in a competitive radioligand binding assay using rat brain homogenates in comparison to the aprepitant molecule. This initial research is in the conceptual stage to give potential theranostic-like radiopharmaceutical pairs for the imaging and therapy of neurokinin 1 receptor-overexpressing cancers.
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41
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Yeo S, An J, Park C, Kim D, Lee J. Design and Characterization of Phosphatidylcholine-Based Solid Dispersions of Aprepitant for Enhanced Solubility and Dissolution. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050407. [PMID: 32365589 PMCID: PMC7285057 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to improve the solubility and dissolution of aprepitant, a drug with poor aqueous solubility, using a phosphatidylcholine (PC)-based solid dispersion system. When fabricating the PC-based solid dispersion, we employed mesoporous microparticles, as an adsorbent, and disintegrants to improve the sticky nature of PC and dissolution of aprepitant, respectively. The solid dispersions were prepared by a solvent evaporation technique and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray powder diffraction. The FTIR results showed that aprepitant interacted with the PC carrier by both hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces that can also be observed in the interaction between aprepitant and polymer carriers. The solid dispersions fabricated with only PC were not sufficient to convert the crystallinity of aprepitant to an amorphous state, whereas the formulations that included adsorbent and disintegrant successfully changed that of aprepitant to an amorphous state. Both the solubility and dissolution of aprepitant were considerably enhanced in the PC-based solid dispersions containing adsorbent and disintegrant compared with those of pure aprepitant and polymer-based solid dispersions. Therefore, these results suggest that our PC-based solid dispersion system is a promising alternative to conventional formulations for poorly water-soluble drugs, such as aprepitant.
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42
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Babadi D, Dadashzadeh S, Osouli M, Daryabari MS, Haeri A. Nanoformulation strategies for improving intestinal permeability of drugs: A more precise look at permeability assessment methods and pharmacokinetic properties changes. J Control Release 2020; 321:669-709. [PMID: 32112856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of orally administered drugs is often restricted by their inherent limited oral bioavailability. Low water solubility, limited permeability through the intestinal barrier, instability in harsh environment of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and being substrate of the efflux pumps and the cytochrome P450 (CYP) can impair oral drug bioavailability resulting in erratic and variable plasma drug profile. As more drugs with low membrane permeability are developed, new interest is growing to enhance their intestinal permeability and bioavailability. A wide variety of nanosystems have been developed to improve drug transport and absorption. Sufficient evidence exists to suggest that nanoparticles are able to increase the transepithelial transport of drug molecules. However, key questions remained unanswered. What types of nanoparticles are more efficient? What are preclinical (or clinical) achievements of each type of nanoformulation in terms of pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters? Addressing this issue in this paper, we have reviewed the current literature regarding permeability enhancement, permeability assessment methods and changes in PK parameters following administration of various nanoformulations. Although permeability enhancement by various nanoformulations holds great promise for oral drug delivery, many challenges still need to be addressed before development of more clinically successful nanoproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaram Babadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simin Dadashzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahraz Osouli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Azadeh Haeri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Protein Technology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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43
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Systematic screening of pharmaceutical polymers for hot melt extrusion processing: a comprehensive review. Int J Pharm 2020; 576:118989. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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44
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Lee CB, Min JS, Chae SU, Kim HM, Jang JH, Jung IH, Zheng YF, Ryu JH, Bae SK. Simultaneous determination of donepezil, 6-O-desmethyl donepezil and spinosin in beagle dog plasma using liquid chromatography‒tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a drug-drug interaction study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 178:112919. [PMID: 31654856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Spinosin, which is traditionally used for sedation and sleep disorders, has recently shown potential effects in alleviating memory loss. As spinosin is the main bioactive component in a standardized dried 50% ethanol extract of the seeds of Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa, a Phase IIb clinical trial is ongoing, in Korea for the combination of the above extract formulated in a tablet (DHP1401 tablet) with donepezil hydrochloride (Aricept® tablet) in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, to promote safety and efficacy evaluations, a reliable method for the simultaneous detection and analysis of the two drugs is needed. Toward this end, in this study, we established and validated a rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of donepezil, its pharmacologically active metabolite 6-O-desmethyl donepezil, and spinosin in beagle dog plasma (50 μL). After optimization of the system, we used methanol for simple protein precipitation. Chromatographic separation was performed using a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (100 × 2.0 mm, 3 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid in distilled water (2:8, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.65 mL/min. All analytes were detected and quantified in selected reaction monitoring mode. All calibration curves showed good linearity (r ≥ 0.9965) over the concentration range of 0.02-20, 0.02-10, and 0.5-250 ng/mL for donepezil, for 6-O-desmethyl donepezil, and spinosin, respectively. This validated method was then successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in beagle dogs with no evidence for potential drug-drug interactions between DHP1401 and donepezil hydrochloride. This information and optimized assay can be useful for the anticipated co-administration of these two drugs in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Bin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Uk Chae
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Min Kim
- Daehwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Jang
- Daehwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Jung
- Daehwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Fen Zheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Kyung Bae
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea.
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45
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Combining biorelevant in vitro and in silico tools to simulate and better understand the in vivo performance of a nano-sized formulation of aprepitant in the fasted and fed states. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 138:105031. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Kesisoglou F, Wang M, Galipeau K, Harmon P, Okoh G, Xu W. Effect of Amorphous Nanoparticle Size on Bioavailability of Anacetrapib in Dogs. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:2917-2925. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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47
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Evaluation of Dissolution Enhancement of Aprepitant Drug in Ternary Pharmaceutical Solid Dispersions with Soluplus® and Poloxamer 188 Prepared by Melt Mixing. SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/sci1020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study Aprepitant (APT) ternary solid dispersions (SDs) were developed and evaluated for the first time. Specifically, ternary SDs of APT with Poloxamer 188 and Soluplus® (SOL) were prepared via melt mixing and compared to binary APT/Poloxamer 188 and APT/SOL SDs. Initially, combined thermo-gravimetric and hot-stage polarized light microscopy studies indicated that all tested compounds were thermally stable up to 280 °C, while Poloxamer 188 acted as a plasticizer to SOL by significantly reducing the temperature required to fully solubilize the API during SD preparation. Differential scanning calorimetry combined with wide angle X-ray diffraction studies showed that crystalline API was dispersed in both binary and ternary SDs, while Fourier transformation-infrared spectroscopy studies revealed no molecular interactions among the components. Scanning electron microscopy combined with EDAX element analysis showed that the API was dispersed in nano-scale within the polymer matrices, while increasing APT content led to increasing API nano-crystals within the SDs. Finally, dissolution studies showed that the prepared formulations enhanced dissolution of Aprepitant and its mechanism analysis was further studied. A mathematical model was also investigated to evaluate the drug release mechanism.
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48
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Rashid M, Malik MY, Singh SK, Chaturvedi S, Gayen JR, Wahajuddin M. Bioavailability Enhancement of Poorly Soluble Drugs: The Holy Grail in Pharma Industry. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:987-1020. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190130110653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Bioavailability, one of the prime pharmacokinetic properties of a drug, is defined as the
fraction of an administered dose of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation and is used to describe
the systemic availability of a drug. Bioavailability assessment is imperative in order to demonstrate whether the
drug attains the desirable systemic exposure for effective therapy. In recent years, bioavailability has become
the subject of importance in drug discovery and development studies.
Methods:
A systematic literature review in the field of bioavailability and the approaches towards its enhancement
have been comprehensively done, purely focusing upon recent papers. The data mining was performed
using databases like PubMed, Science Direct and general Google searches and the collected data was exhaustively
studied and summarized in a generalized manner.
Results:
The main prospect of this review was to generate a comprehensive one-stop summary of the numerous
available approaches and their pharmaceutical applications in improving the stability concerns, physicochemical
and mechanical properties of the poorly water-soluble drugs which directly or indirectly augment their bioavailability.
Conclusion:
The use of novel methods, including but not limited to, nano-based formulations, bio-enhancers,
solid dispersions, lipid-and polymer-based formulations which provide a wide range of applications not only
increases the solubility and permeability of the poorly bioavailable drugs but also improves their stability, and
targeting efficacy. Although, these methods have drastically changed the pharmaceutical industry demand for the
newer potential methods with better outcomes in the field of pharmaceutical science to formulate various dosage
forms with adequate systemic availability and improved patient compliance, further research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamunur Rashid
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohd Yaseen Malik
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, India
| | - Sandeep K. Singh
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, India
| | - Swati Chaturvedi
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, India
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49
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Aprepitant Drug in Ternary Pharmaceutical Solid Dispersions with Soluplus® and Poloxamer 188 Prepared by Melt Mixing. SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/sci1010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study Aprepitant (APT) ternary solid dispersions (SDs) were developed and evaluated for the first time. Specifically, ternary SDs of APT with Poloxamer 188 and Soluplus® (SOL) were prepared via melt mixing and compared to binary APT/Poloxamer 188 and APT/SOL SDs. Initially, combined thermo-gravimetric and hot-stage polarized light microscopy studies indicated that all tested compounds were thermally stable up to 280 °C, while Poloxamer 188 acted as a plasticizer to SOL by significantly reducing the temperature required to fully solubilize the API during SD preparation. Differential scanning calorimetry combined with wide angle X-ray diffraction studies showed that crystalline API was dispersed in both binary and ternary SDs, while Fourier transformation-infrared spectroscopy studies revealed no molecular interactions among the components. Scanning electron microscopy combined with EDAX element analysis showed that the API was dispersed in nano-scale within the polymer matrices, while increasing APT content led to increasing API nano-crystals within the SDs. Finally, dissolution studies showed that the prepared formulations enhanced dissolution of Aprepitant and its mechanism analysis was further studied. A mathematical model was also investigated to evaluate the drug release mechanism
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50
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Czeibert K, Andics A, Petneházy Ö, Kubinyi E. A detailed canine brain label map for neuroimaging analysis. Biol Futur 2019; 70:112-120. [DOI: 10.1556/019.70.2019.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kálmán Czeibert
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Andics
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE ‘Lendület’ Neuroethology of Communication Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences – Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Örs Petneházy
- Medicopus Nonprofit Ltd., ‘Kaposi Mór’ Teaching Hospital, Somogy County, Kaposvár, Hungary
- Justanatomy Ltd., Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Enikő Kubinyi
- Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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