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Liaghat A, Konsman JP. Methodological advice for the young at heart investigator: Triangulation to build better foundations. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:737-746. [PMID: 37972881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In medicine and science, one is typically taught the main theories in a discipline or field along with standard models before receiving more instructions on how to apply certain methods. The aim of this work is not to address one method, but rather methodology, the study and evaluation of methods, by taking a philosophy of science detour. In this, a critique of biomedicine will be used as a starting point to address some positions regarding reductionism, specifying notions such as systems and mechanisms, as well as regarding the mind-body problem discussing psychosomatic medicine and psychoneuroimmunology. Some recommendations to make science more pluralistic, robust and translationally-relevant will then be made as a way to foster constructive debates on reductionism and the mind-body problem and, in turn, favor more interdisciplinary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Liaghat
- IMMUNOlogy from CONcepts and ExPeriments to Translation, CNRS UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jan Pieter Konsman
- IMMUNOlogy from CONcepts and ExPeriments to Translation, CNRS UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
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2
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Wong B, Birtch R, Rezaei R, Jamieson T, Crupi MJF, Diallo JS, Ilkow CS. Optimal delivery of RNA interference by viral vectors for cancer therapy. Mol Ther 2023; 31:3127-3145. [PMID: 37735876 PMCID: PMC10638062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a surge in the innovative modification and application of the viral vector-based gene therapy field. Significant and consistent improvements in the engineering, delivery, and safety of viral vectors have set the stage for their application as RNA interference (RNAi) delivery tools. Viral vector-based delivery of RNAi has made remarkable breakthroughs in the treatment of several debilitating diseases and disorders (e.g., neurological diseases); however, their novelty has yet to be fully applied and utilized for the treatment of cancer. This review highlights the most promising and emerging viral vector delivery tools for RNAi therapeutics while discussing the variables limiting their success and suitability for cancer therapy. Specifically, we outline different integrating and non-integrating viral platforms used for gene delivery, currently employed RNAi targets for anti-cancer effect, and various strategies used to optimize the safety and efficacy of these RNAi therapeutics. Most importantly, we provide great insight into what challenges exist in their application as cancer therapeutics and how these challenges can be effectively navigated to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boaz Wong
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Rayanna Birtch
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Reza Rezaei
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Taylor Jamieson
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mathieu J F Crupi
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jean-Simon Diallo
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Carolina S Ilkow
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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3
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Chung C, Kudchodkar SB, Chung CN, Park YK, Xu Z, Pardi N, Abdel-Mohsen M, Muthumani K. Expanding the Reach of Monoclonal Antibodies: A Review of Synthetic Nucleic Acid Delivery in Immunotherapy. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:46. [PMID: 37489368 PMCID: PMC10366852 DOI: 10.3390/antib12030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Harnessing the immune system to combat disease has revolutionized medical treatment. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), in particular, have emerged as important immunotherapeutic agents with clinical relevance in treating a wide range of diseases, including allergies, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and infectious diseases. These mAbs are developed from naturally occurring antibodies and target specific epitopes of single molecules, minimizing off-target effects. Antibodies can also be designed to target particular pathogens or modulate immune function by activating or suppressing certain pathways. Despite their benefit for patients, the production and administration of monoclonal antibody therapeutics are laborious, costly, and time-consuming. Administration often requires inpatient stays and repeated dosing to maintain therapeutic levels, limiting their use in underserved populations and developing countries. Researchers are developing alternate methods to deliver monoclonal antibodies, including synthetic nucleic acid-based delivery, to overcome these limitations. These methods allow for in vivo production of monoclonal antibodies, which would significantly reduce costs and simplify administration logistics. This review explores new methods for monoclonal antibody delivery, including synthetic nucleic acids, and their potential to increase the accessibility and utility of life-saving treatments for several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Curtis N Chung
- GeneOne Life Science, Inc., Seoul 04500, Republic of Korea
| | - Young K Park
- GeneOne Life Science, Inc., Seoul 04500, Republic of Korea
| | - Ziyang Xu
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Kar Muthumani
- GeneOne Life Science, Inc., Seoul 04500, Republic of Korea
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4
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Meyer AH, Feldsien TM, Mezler M, Untucht C, Venugopalan R, Lefebvre DR. Novel Developments to Enable Treatment of CNS Diseases with Targeted Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041100. [PMID: 37111587 PMCID: PMC10145602 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a major hurdle for the development of systemically delivered drugs against diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Because of this barrier there is still a huge unmet need for the treatment of these diseases, despite years of research efforts across the pharmaceutical industry. Novel therapeutic entities, such as gene therapy and degradomers, have become increasingly popular in recent years, but have not been the focus for CNS indications so far. To unfold their full potential for the treatment of CNS diseases, these therapeutic entities will most likely have to rely on innovative delivery technologies. Here we will describe and assess approaches, both invasive and non-invasive, that can enable, or at least increase, the probability of a successful drug development of such novel therapeutics for CNS indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel H Meyer
- Quantitative, Translational & ADME Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Thomas M Feldsien
- Drug Delivery and Combination Products, Development Sciences, AbbVie Inc., 1 N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Mario Mezler
- Quantitative, Translational & ADME Sciences, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Christopher Untucht
- Neuroscience Discovery, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Ramakrishna Venugopalan
- Drug Delivery and Combination Products, Development Sciences, AbbVie Inc., 1 N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Didier R Lefebvre
- Drug Delivery and Combination Products, Development Sciences, AbbVie Inc., 1 N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
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5
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Zhou X, Yu M, Ma L, Fu J, Guo J, Lei J, Fu Z, Fu Y, Zhang Q, Zhang CY, Chen X. In vivo self-assembled siRNA as a modality for combination therapy of ulcerative colitis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5700. [PMID: 36171212 PMCID: PMC9519883 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33436-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the complex nature of ulcerative colitis, combination therapy targeting multiple pathogenic genes and pathways of ulcerative colitis may be required. Unfortunately, current therapeutic strategies are usually based on independent chemical compounds or monoclonal antibodies, and the full potential of combination therapy has not yet been realized for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Here, we develop a synthetic biology strategy that integrates the naturally existing circulating system of small extracellular vesicles with artificial genetic circuits to reprogram the liver of male mice to self-assemble multiple siRNAs into secretory small extracellular vesicles and facilitate in vivo delivery siRNAs through circulating small extracellular vesicles for the combination therapy of mouse models of ulcerative colitis. Particularly, repeated injection of the multi-targeted genetic circuit designed for simultaneous inhibition of TNF-α, B7-1 and integrin α4 rapidly relieves intestinal inflammation and exerts a synergistic therapeutic effect against ulcerative colitis through suppressing the pro-inflammatory cascade in colonic macrophages, inhibiting the costimulatory signal to T cells and blocking T cell homing to sites of inflammation. More importantly, we design an AAV-driven genetic circuit to induce substantial and lasting inhibition of TNF-α, B7-1 and integrin α4 through only a single injection. Overall, this study establishes a feasible combination therapeutic strategy for ulcerative colitis, which may offer an alternative to conventional biological therapies requiring two or more independent compounds or antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Zhou
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengchao Yu
- Central Laboratories, Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, 266061, Qingdao, China
| | - Luzhen Ma
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinyu Fu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingwei Guo
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jieqiong Lei
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Fu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Fu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qipeng Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiangsu, 210023, Nanjing, China.
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210023, Nanjing, China.
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, 210023, Nanjing, China.
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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6
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Rouatbi N, McGlynn T, Al-Jamal KT. Pre-clinical non-viral vectors exploited for in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing: an overview. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:3410-3432. [PMID: 35604372 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01452h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats or CRISPR/Cas9 has emerged as a potent and versatile tool for efficient genome editing. This technology has been exploited for several applications including disease modelling, cell therapy, diagnosis, and treatment of many diseases including cancer. The in vivo application of CRISPR/Cas9 is hindered by poor stability, pharmacokinetic profile, and the limited ability of the CRISPR payloads to cross biological barriers. Although viral vectors have been implemented as delivery tools for efficient in vivo gene editing, their application is associated with high immunogenicity and toxicity, limiting their clinical translation. Hence, there is a need to explore new delivery methods that can guarantee safe and efficient delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 components to target cells. In this review, we first provide a brief history and principles of nuclease-mediated gene editing, we then focus on the different CRISPR/Cas9 formats outlining their potentials and limitations. Finally, we discuss the alternative non-viral delivery strategies currently adopted for in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Rouatbi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Tasneem McGlynn
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Khuloud T Al-Jamal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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7
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Parhiz H, Brenner JS, Patel PN, Papp TE, Shahnawaz H, Li Q, Shi R, Zamora ME, Yadegari A, Marcos-Contreras OA, Natesan A, Pardi N, Shuvaev VV, Kiseleva R, Myerson JW, Uhler T, Riley RS, Han X, Mitchell MJ, Lam K, Heyes J, Weissman D, Muzykantov VR. Added to pre-existing inflammation, mRNA-lipid nanoparticles induce inflammation exacerbation (IE). J Control Release 2022; 344:50-61. [PMID: 34953981 PMCID: PMC8695324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Current nucleoside-modified RNA lipid nanoparticle (modmRNA-LNP) technology has successfully paved the way for the highest clinical efficacy data from next-generation vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, such modmRNA-LNP technology has not been characterized in common pre-existing inflammatory or immune-challenged conditions, raising the risk of adverse clinical effects when administering modmRNA-LNPs in such cases. Herein, we induce an acute-inflammation model in mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intratracheally (IT), 1 mg kg-1, or intravenously (IV), 2 mg kg-1, and then IV administer modmRNA-LNP, 0.32 mg kg-1, after 4 h, and screen for inflammatory markers, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines. ModmRNA-LNP at this dose caused no significant elevation of cytokine levels in naive mice. In contrast, shortly after LPS immune stimulation, modmRNA-LNP enhanced inflammatory cytokine responses, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum and Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 2 (MIP-2) in liver significantly. Our report identifies this phenomenon as inflammation exacerbation (IE), which was proven to be specific to the LNP, acting independent of mRNA cargo, and was demonstrated to be time- and dose-dependent. Macrophage depletion as well as TLR3 -/- and TLR4-/- knockout mouse studies revealed macrophages were the immune cells involved or responsible for IE. Finally, we show that pretreatment with anti-inflammatory drugs, such as corticosteroids, can partially alleviate IE response in mice. Our findings characterize the importance of LNP-mediated IE phenomena in gram negative bacterial inflammation, however, the generalizability of modmRNA-LNP in other forms of chronic or acute inflammatory and immune contexts needs to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Parhiz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Jacob S Brenner
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Priyal N Patel
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tyler E Papp
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hamna Shahnawaz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qin Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruiqi Shi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marco E Zamora
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amir Yadegari
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oscar A Marcos-Contreras
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ambika Natesan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vladimir V Shuvaev
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raisa Kiseleva
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacob W Myerson
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Uhler
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel S Riley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xuexiang Han
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kieu Lam
- Genevant Sciences Corporation, Vancouver, BC V5T 4T5, Canada
| | - James Heyes
- Genevant Sciences Corporation, Vancouver, BC V5T 4T5, Canada
| | - Drew Weissman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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8
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Yan Y, Liu XY, Lu A, Wang XY, Jiang LX, Wang JC. Non-viral vectors for RNA delivery. J Control Release 2022; 342:241-279. [PMID: 35016918 PMCID: PMC8743282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RNA-based therapy is a promising and potential strategy for disease treatment by introducing exogenous nucleic acids such as messenger RNA (mRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA (miRNA) or antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) to modulate gene expression in specific cells. It is exciting that mRNA encoding the spike protein of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) delivered by lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) exhibits the efficient protection of lungs infection against the virus. In this review, we introduce the biological barriers to RNA delivery in vivo and discuss recent advances in non-viral delivery systems, such as lipid-based nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-siRNA conjugate, and biomimetic nanovectors, which can protect RNAs against degradation by ribonucleases, accumulate in specific tissue, facilitate cell internalization, and allow for the controlled release of the encapsulated therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - An Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Xia Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Cheng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China..
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9
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Innate Immunity Modulating Impurities and the Immunotoxicity of Nanobiotechnology-Based Drug Products. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237308. [PMID: 34885886 PMCID: PMC8658779 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity can be triggered by the presence of microbial antigens and other contaminants inadvertently introduced during the manufacture and purification of bionanopharmaceutical products. Activation of these innate immune responses, including cytokine secretion, complement, and immune cell activation, can result in unexpected and undesirable host immune responses. These innate modulators can also potentially stimulate the activation of adaptive immune responses, including the formation of anti-drug antibodies which can impact drug effectiveness. To prevent induction of these adverse responses, it is important to detect and quantify levels of these innate immunity modulating impurities (IIMIs) that may be present in drug products. However, while it is universally agreed that removal of IIMIs from drug products is crucial for patient safety and to prevent long-term immunogenicity, there is no single assay capable of directly detecting all potential IIMIs or indirectly quantifying downstream biomarkers. Additionally, there is a lack of agreement as to which of the many analytical assays currently employed should be standardized for general IIMI screening. Herein, we review the available literature to highlight cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying IIMI-mediated inflammation and its relevance to the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical products. We further discuss methodologies used for direct and indirect IIMI identification and quantification.
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10
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Maiti B, Bhattacharya S. Liposomal nanoparticles based on steroids and isoprenoids for nonviral gene delivery. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 14:e1759. [PMID: 34729941 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural lipid molecules are an essential part of life as they constitute the membrane of cells and organelle. In most of these cases, the hydrophobicity of natural lipids is contributed by alkyl chains. Although natural lipids with a nonfatty acid hydrophobic backbone are quite rare, steroids and isoprenoids have been strong candidates as part of a lipid. Over the years, these natural molecules (steroid and isoprenoids) have been used to make either lipid-based nanoparticle or functionalize in such a way that it could form nano assembly alone for therapeutic delivery. Here we mainly focus on the synthetic functionalized version of these natural molecules which forms cationic liposomal nanoparticles (LipoNPs). These cationic LipoNPs were further used to deliver various negatively charged genetic materials in the form of pDNA, siRNA, mRNA (nucleic acids), and so on. This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bappa Maiti
- Technical Research Centre, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- Technical Research Centre, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India.,School of Applied & Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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11
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Bila D, Radwan Y, Dobrovolskaia MA, Panigaj M, Afonin KA. The Recognition of and Reactions to Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles by Human Immune Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144231. [PMID: 34299506 PMCID: PMC8306967 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The relatively straightforward methods of designing and assembling various functional nucleic acids into nanoparticles offer advantages for applications in diverse diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. However, due to the novelty of this approach, nucleic acid nanoparticles (NANPs) are not yet used in the clinic. The immune recognition of NANPs is among the areas of preclinical investigation aimed at enabling the translation of these novel materials into clinical settings. NANPs’ interactions with the complement system, coagulation systems, and immune cells are essential components of their preclinical safety portfolio. It has been established that NANPs’ physicochemical properties—composition, shape, and size—determine their interactions with immune cells (primarily blood plasmacytoid dendritic cells and monocytes), enable recognition by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), and mediate the subsequent cytokine response. However, unlike traditional therapeutic nucleic acids (e.g., CpG oligonucleotides), NANPs do not trigger a cytokine response unless they are delivered into the cells using a carrier. Recently, it was discovered that the type of carrier provides an additional tool for regulating both the spectrum and the magnitude of the cytokine response to NANPs. Herein, we review the current knowledge of NANPs’ interactions with various components of the immune system to emphasize the unique properties of these nanomaterials and highlight opportunities for their use in vaccines and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Bila
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 04154 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Yasmine Radwan
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA;
| | - Marina A. Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Martin Panigaj
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 04154 Kosice, Slovakia;
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (K.A.A.); Tel.: +421-55-234-1205 (M.P.); +1-704-687-0685 (K.A.A.)
| | - Kirill A. Afonin
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA;
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (K.A.A.); Tel.: +421-55-234-1205 (M.P.); +1-704-687-0685 (K.A.A.)
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12
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Munagala R, Aqil F, Jeyabalan J, Kandimalla R, Wallen M, Tyagi N, Wilcher S, Yan J, Schultz DJ, Spencer W, Gupta RC. Exosome-mediated delivery of RNA and DNA for gene therapy. Cancer Lett 2021; 505:58-72. [PMID: 33610731 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy promises to revolutionize biomedicine and personalized medicine by modulating or compensating the expression of abnormal genes. The biggest obstacle for clinical application is the lack of an effective, non-immunogenic delivery system. We show that bovine colostrum exosomes and polyethyleneimine matrix (EPM) delivers short interfering RNA (siRNA) or plasmid DNA (pDNA) for effective gene therapy. KRAS, a therapeutic focus for many cancers, was targeted by EPM-delivered KRAS siRNA (siKRAS) and inhibited lung tumor growth (>70%) and reduced KRAS expression (50%-80%). Aberrant p53 is another therapeutic focus for many cancers. EPM-mediated introduction of wild-type (WT) p53 pDNA (pcDNA-p53) resulted in p53 expression in p53-null H1299 cells in culture, subcutaneous lung tumor, and tissues of p53-knockout mice. Additionally, chemo-sensitizing effects of paclitaxel were restored by exogenous WT p53 in lung cancer cells. Together, this novel EPM technology represents an effective 'platform' for delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids to treat human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farrukh Aqil
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | | | - Raghuram Kandimalla
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | | | - Neha Tyagi
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Sarah Wilcher
- Research Resources Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - David J Schultz
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Wendy Spencer
- 3P Biotechnologies, Inc., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Ramesh C Gupta
- 3P Biotechnologies, Inc., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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13
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Harris E, Zimmerman D, Warga E, Bamezai A, Elmer J. Nonviral gene delivery to T cells with Lipofectamine LTX. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:1693-1706. [PMID: 33480049 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Retroviral gene delivery is widely used in T cell therapies for hematological cancers. However, viral vectors are expensive to manufacture, integrate genes in semirandom patterns, and their transduction efficiency varies between patients. In this study, several nonviral gene delivery vehicles, promoters, and additional variables were compared to optimize nonviral transgene delivery and expression in both Jurkat and primary T cells. Transfection of Jurkat cells was maximized to a high efficiency (63.0% ± 10.9% EGFP+ cells) by transfecting cells with Lipofectamine LTX in X-VIVO 15 media. However, the same method yielded a much lower transfection efficiency in primary T cells (8.1% ± 0.8% EGFP+ ). Subsequent confocal microscopy revealed that a majority of the lipoplexes did not enter the primary T cells, which might be due to relatively low expression levels of heparan sulfate proteoglycans detected via messenger RNA-sequencing. Pyrin and HIN (PYHIN) DNA sensors (e.g., AIM2 and IFI16) that can induce apoptosis or repress transcription after binding cytoplasmic DNA were also detected at high levels in primary T cells. Therefore, transfection of primary T cells appears to be limited at the level of cellular uptake or DNA sensing in the cytoplasm. Both of these factors should be considered in the development of future viral and nonviral T cell gene delivery methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Harris
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Devon Zimmerman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eric Warga
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anil Bamezai
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jacob Elmer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA
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14
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Hosseinpour S, Walsh LJ. Laser-assisted nucleic acid delivery: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000295. [PMID: 32931155 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy has become an effective treatment modality for some conditions. Laser light may augment or enhance gene therapy through photomechanical, photothermal, and photochemical. This review examined the evidence base for laser therapy to enhance nucleic acid transfection in mammalian cells. An electronic search of MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was performed, covering all available years. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guideline for systematic reviews was used for designing the study and analyzing the results. In total, 49 studies of laser irradiation for nucleic acid delivery were included. Key approaches were optoporation, photomechanical gene transfection, and photochemical internalization. Optoporation is better suited to cells in culture, photomechanical and photochemical approaches appear well suited to in vivo use. Additional studies explored the impact of photothermal for enhancing gene transfection. Each approach has merits and limitations. Augmenting nucleic acid delivery using laser irradiation is a promising method for improving gene therapy. Laser protocols can be non-invasive because of the penetration of desirable wavelengths of light, but it depends on various parameters such as power density, treatment duration, irradiation mode, etc. The current protocols show low efficiency, and there is a need for further work to optimize irradiation parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepanta Hosseinpour
- School of Dentistry, Oral Health Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Laurence J Walsh
- School of Dentistry, Oral Health Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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15
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Dobrovolskaia MA, Bathe M. Opportunities and challenges for the clinical translation of structured DNA assemblies as gene therapeutic delivery and vaccine vectors. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1657. [PMID: 32672007 PMCID: PMC7736207 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapeutics including siRNAs, anti-sense oligos, messenger RNAs, and CRISPR ribonucleoprotein complexes offer unmet potential to treat over 7,000 known genetic diseases, as well as cancer, through targeted in vivo modulation of aberrant gene expression and immune cell activation. Compared with viral vectors, nonviral delivery vectors offer controlled immunogenicity and low manufacturing cost, yet suffer from limitations in toxicity, targeting, and transduction efficiency. Structured DNA assemblies fabricated using the principle of scaffolded DNA origami offer a new nonviral delivery vector with intrinsic, yet controllable immunostimulatory properties and virus-like spatial presentation of ligands and immunogens for cell-specific targeting, activation, and control over intracellular trafficking, in addition to low manufacturing cost. However, the relative utilities and limitations of these vectors must clearly be demonstrated in preclinical studies for their clinical potential to be realized. Here, we review the major capabilities, opportunities, and challenges we foresee in translating these next-generation delivery and vaccine vectors to the clinic. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Nucleic Acid-Based Structures Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A. Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology ProgramFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by National Cancer InstituteFrederickMaryland
| | - Mark Bathe
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts
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16
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Shimizu K, Sakurai F, Iizuka S, Ono R, Tsukamoto T, Nishimae F, Nakamura SI, Nishinaka T, Terada T, Fujio Y, Mizuguchi H. Adenovirus Vector–Induced IL-6 Promotes Leaky Adenoviral Gene Expression, Leading to Acute Hepatotoxicity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 206:410-421. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Putzke S, Feldhues E, Heep I, Ilg T, Lamprecht A. Cationic lipid/pDNA complex formation as potential generic method to generate specific IRF pathway stimulators. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 155:112-121. [PMID: 32798666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cationic liposome - CpG DNA complexes (lipoplexes) are known as stimulators of innate immunity via Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)-triggered activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. More recent reports suggest that DNA lipoplexes also engage DNA sensors in the cytosol leading to the stimulation of the interferon response factor (IRF) pathway. In this study a range of lipoplexes were formulated by using an invariable helper lipid, three different cationic lipids (DOTAP, DOTMA and DDA) and three different CpG-containing plasmids of different sizes. These lipoplexes exhibited similar hydrodynamic diameters, zeta-potentials and plasmid loading rates, despite the different lipid blends and CpG-containing plasmids. Binding and uptake of liposomal lipids by J774.A1 macrophages and JAWSII dendritic cells increased significantly (up to 4-fold) upon lipoplex formation. Cellular plasmid DNA uptake via lipoplexes compared to naked DNA was increased up to 18-fold. Analysis of signal transduction pathway activation in J774-DUAL™ reporter cells by liposomes or naked CpG plasmid DNA compared to their derived lipoplexes showed only minor activation of the NF-κB pathway, while the IRF pathway displayed massive activation factors of up to 46-fold. DOTAP- and DOTMA lipoplexes also led to massive interferon-alpha and -beta secretion of J774A.1 macrophages and JAWSII dendritic cells, which is a hallmark of IRF pathway activation. Cellular distribution studies on DOTAP lipoplexes suggest delivery of plasmid DNA via vesicular compartments into the cytosol. Taken together, the CpG plasmid DNA lipoplexes generated in this study appear to selectively stimulate DNA receptors activating the IRF pathway, while bypassing TLR9 and NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Putzke
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany; Bayer Animal Health GmbH, 40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | | | - Iris Heep
- Bayer Animal Health GmbH, 40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Thomas Ilg
- Bayer Animal Health GmbH, 40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Alf Lamprecht
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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18
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Hobson JJ, Rannard SP, Owen A, Liptrott NJ. Safety assessment of a new nanoemulsion-based drug-delivery system reveals unexpected drug-free anticoagulant activity. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:1361-1373. [PMID: 32484393 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: A preclinical safety assessment of a novel nanoemulsion drug-delivery system, initially developed to improve the posology of efavirenz (EFV), was conducted with a specific focus on possible immunological and hematological complications. Materials & methods: Assessment of common acute toxicities, such as complement activation and cytokine secretion, was performed using validated assays known to have good correlation with in vivo end points. Results & conclusion: Compared with a standard aqueous solution of EFV, the EFV nanoemulsion showed no significant effect on immune cell function or phenotype. Prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time was observed for EFV-loaded nanoemulsions (88% at 4 μg/ml) as well as unloaded nanoemulsions (52%) highlighting the potential for drug-free anticoagulant activity and warranting further investigation of the mechanism and utility of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Hobson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Steve P Rannard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Andrew Owen
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GF, UK.,European Nanomedicine Characterisation Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK
| | - Neill J Liptrott
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GF, UK.,European Nanomedicine Characterisation Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 3NY, UK
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19
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Kamel M, El-Sayed A. Utilization of herpesviridae as recombinant viral vectors in vaccine development against animal pathogens. Virus Res 2019; 270:197648. [PMID: 31279828 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the past few decades, numerous viral species have been generated as vaccine vectors. Every viral vector has its own distinct characteristics. For example, the family herpesviridae encompasses several viruses that have medical and veterinary importance. Attenuated herpesviruses are developed as vectors to convey heterologous immunogens targeting several serious and crucial pathogens. Some of these vectors have already been licensed for use in the veterinary field. One of their prominent features is their capability to accommodate large amount of foreign DNA, and to stimulate both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. A better understanding of vector-host interaction builds up a robust foundation for the future development of herpesviruses-based vectors. At the time, many molecular tools are applied to enable the generation of herpesvirus-based recombinant vaccine vectors such as BAC technology, homologous and two-step en passant mutagenesis, codon optimization, and the CRISPR/Cas9 system. This review article highlights the most important techniques applied in constructing recombinant herpesviruses vectors, advantages and disadvantages of each recombinant herpesvirus vector, and the most recent research regarding their use to control major animal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kamel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Amr El-Sayed
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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20
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Abstract
Designer nucleases are versatile tools for genome modification and therapy development and have gained widespread accessibility with the advent of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) technology. Prokaryotic RNA-guided nucleases of CRISPR/Cas type, since first being adopted as editing tools in eukaryotic cells, have experienced rapid uptake and development. Diverse modes of delivery by viral and non-viral vectors and ongoing discovery and engineering of new CRISPR/Cas-type tools with alternative target site requirements, cleavage patterns and DNA- or RNA-specific action continue to expand the versatility of this family of nucleases. CRISPR/Cas-based molecules may also act without double-strand breaks as DNA base editors or even without single-stranded cleavage, be it as epigenetic regulators, transcription factors or RNA base editors, with further scope for discovery and development. For many potential therapeutic applications of CRISPR/Cas-type molecules and their derivatives, efficiencies still need to be improved and safety issues addressed, including those of preexisting immunity against Cas molecules, off-target activity and recombination and sequence alterations relating to double-strand-break events. This review gives a concise overview of current CRISPR/Cas tools, applications, concerns and trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Patsali
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 International Airport Avenue, 1683, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marina Kleanthous
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 International Airport Avenue, 1683, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Carsten W Lederer
- Department of Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 International Airport Avenue, 1683, Nicosia, Cyprus.
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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21
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Graves LP, Aksular M, Alakeely RA, Ruiz Buck D, Chambers AC, Murguia-Meca F, Plata-Muñoz JJ, Hughes S, Johnson PRV, Possee RD, King LA. Improved Baculovirus Vectors for Transduction and Gene Expression in Human Pancreatic Islet Cells. Viruses 2018; 10:E574. [PMID: 30347797 PMCID: PMC6213606 DOI: 10.3390/v10100574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation is a promising treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus offering improved glycaemic control by restoring insulin production. Improved human pancreatic islet isolation has led to higher islet transplantation success. However, as many as 50% of islets are lost after transplantation due to immune responses and cellular injury, gene therapy presents a novel strategy to protect pancreatic islets for improved survival post-transplantation. To date, most of the vectors used in clinical trials and gene therapy studies have been derived from mammalian viruses such as adeno-associated or retrovirus. However, baculovirus BacMam vectors provide an attractive and safe alternative. Here, a novel BacMam was constructed containing a frameshift mutation within fp25, which results in virus stocks with higher infectious titres. This improved in vitro transduction when compared to control BacMams. Additionally, incorporating a truncated vesicular stomatitis virus G protein increased transduction efficacy and production of EGFP and BCL2 in human kidney (HK-2) and pancreatic islet β cells (EndoC βH3). Lastly, we have shown that our optimized BacMam vector can deliver and express egfp in intact pancreatic islet cells from human cadaveric donors. These results confirm that BacMam vectors are a viable choice for providing delivery of transgenes to pancreatic islet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo P Graves
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK.
- Oxford Expression Technologies Ltd., Bioinnovation Hub, Gipsy Lane Campus, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK.
| | - Mine Aksular
- Oxford Expression Technologies Ltd., Bioinnovation Hub, Gipsy Lane Campus, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK.
| | - Riyadh A Alakeely
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK.
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Baghdad University, Baghdad 10071, Iraq.
| | - Daniel Ruiz Buck
- Oxford Expression Technologies Ltd., Bioinnovation Hub, Gipsy Lane Campus, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK.
| | - Adam C Chambers
- Oxford Expression Technologies Ltd., Bioinnovation Hub, Gipsy Lane Campus, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK.
| | - Fernanda Murguia-Meca
- Centre for Molecular and Cell-Based Therapeutics SA de CV, Mexico City 15820, Mexico.
| | - Juan-Jose Plata-Muñoz
- Centre for Molecular and Cell-Based Therapeutics SA de CV, Mexico City 15820, Mexico.
| | - Stephen Hughes
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Paul R V Johnson
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Robert D Possee
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK.
- Oxford Expression Technologies Ltd., Bioinnovation Hub, Gipsy Lane Campus, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK.
| | - Linda A King
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK.
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22
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Chen S, Zaifman J, Kulkarni JA, Zhigaltsev IV, Tam YK, Ciufolini MA, Tam YYC, Cullis PR. Dexamethasone prodrugs as potent suppressors of the immunostimulatory effects of lipid nanoparticle formulations of nucleic acids. J Control Release 2018; 286:46-54. [PMID: 30026080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are playing a leading role in enabling clinical applications of gene therapies based on DNA or RNA polymers. One factor impeding clinical acceptance of LNP therapeutics is that LNP formulations of nucleic acid polymers can be immunostimulatory, necessitating co-administration of potent corticosteroid immunosuppressive agents. Here, we describe the development of hydrophobic prodrugs of a potent corticosteroid, dexamethasone, that can be readily incorporated into LNP systems. We show that the presence of the dexamethasone prodrug LD003 effectively suppresses production of cytokines such as KC-GRO, TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 following intravenous administration of LNP loaded with immune stimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides containing cytosine-guanine dinucleotide motifs. Remarkably, LD003 dose levels corresponding to 0.5 mg/kg dexamethasone achieve a greater immunosuppressive effect than doses of 20 mg/kg of free dexamethasone. Similar immunosuppressive effects are observed for subcutaneously administered LNP-siRNA. Further, the incorporation of low levels of LD003 in LNP containing unmodified mRNA or plasmid DNA significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels following intravenous administration. Our results suggest that incorporation of hydrophobic prodrugs such as LD003 into LNP systems could provide a convenient method for avoiding the immunostimulatory consequences of systemic administration of genetic drug formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Chen
- University of British Columbia, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada; Integrated Nanotherapeutics, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Josh Zaifman
- University of British Columbia, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada; Integrated Nanotherapeutics, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada; University of British Columbia, Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, BC, Canada
| | - Jayesh A Kulkarni
- University of British Columbia, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - Igor V Zhigaltsev
- University of British Columbia, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - Ying K Tam
- University of British Columbia, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - Marco A Ciufolini
- University of British Columbia, Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, BC, Canada
| | - Yuen Yi C Tam
- University of British Columbia, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada; Integrated Nanotherapeutics, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Pieter R Cullis
- University of British Columbia, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada
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23
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Togashi R, Tanaka H, Nakamura S, Yokota H, Tange K, Nakai Y, Yoshioka H, Harashima H, Akita H. A hepatic pDNA delivery system based on an intracellular environment sensitive vitamin E-scaffold lipid-like material with the aid of an anti-inflammatory drug. J Control Release 2018; 279:262-270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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24
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Wang X, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Li Y, Ma T, Li Q, Xu J, Xu L. The doses of plasmid backbone plays a major role in determining the HBV clearance in hydrodynamic injection mouse model. Virol J 2018; 15:89. [PMID: 29783985 PMCID: PMC5963156 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-1002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronically infects approximately 350 million people worldwide, causing a major risk of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Many mouse models have been tried to establish HBV infection through injection with various HBV-containing plasmids. However, it is not well understood that different plasmids, all of which contain the similar HBV genome, even the same plasmids with different dose, results in opposite immune responses toward HBV. Methods In this study, we investigated the role of HBV-containing plasmid backbones and the HBcAg in determining the HBV persistence. C57BL/6 mice were injected hydrodynamically with 6 μg or 20 μg of WT pAAV/HBV1.2 plasmid, e/core-null pAAV/HBV1.2 plasmid, or none-HBV genome pAAV/control plasmid. Serum levels of HBV-related markers were measured by quantitative immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). Liver HBcAg expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA levels of cytokines and Th1-related immune factors were quantified by qRT-PCR. Results All mice injected with 6 μg of the pAAV/HBV1.2 plasmid shows HBsAg positive at week 6 after hydrodynamic injection (AHI) as previously investigated. However, the mice injected with 20 μg pAAV/HBV1.2 or 6μgpAAV/HBV1.2 plus 14μgpAAV/control plasmid results in HBV clearance within 4 weeks AHI, indicating the anti-HBV activity is induced by 20 μg plasmid DNA, but not by the inserted viral genome. This anti-HBV activity is independent of HBcAg and Toll like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, since the lack of HBcAg in pAAV/HBV1.2 plasmid or stimulation with TLRs agonists does not influence the kinetics of serum HBsAg in mice. The mRNA levels of t-bet and cxcr3 were dramatically up-regulated in the liver of the mice injected with 20 μg plasmid DNA. Conclusion Our studies demonstrate that plasmid backbones are responsible for modulating immune responses to determine HBV persistence or clearance in our HBV mouse model by hydrodynamic injection of HBV-containing plasmid, and Th1 cells play key roles on HBV clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81#Mei Shan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jianmin Zhu
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children' s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yue Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81#Mei Shan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Tai Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81#Mei Shan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qun Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81#Mei Shan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jiegou Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81#Mei Shan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Long Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81#Mei Shan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Martínez-Negro M, Guerrero-Martínez A, García-Río L, Domènech Ò, Aicart E, Tros de Ilarduya C, Junquera E. Multidisciplinary Approach to the Transfection of Plasmid DNA by a Nonviral Nanocarrier Based on a Gemini-Bolaamphiphilic Hybrid Lipid. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:208-217. [PMID: 30023772 PMCID: PMC6044976 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A multidisciplinary strategy, including both biochemical and biophysical studies, was proposed here to evaluate the potential of lipid nanoaggregates consisting of a mixture of a gemini-bolaamphiphilic lipid (C6C22C6) and the well-known helper lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) to transfect plasmid DNA into living cells in an efficient and safe way. For that purpose, several experimental techniques were employed, such as zeta potential (phase analysis light scattering methodology), agarose gel electrophoresis (pDNA compaction and pDNA protection assays), small-angle X-ray scattering, cryo-transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence-assisted cell sorting, luminometry, and cytotoxicity assays. The results revealed that the cationic lipid and plasmid offer only 70 and 30% of their nominal positive () and negative charges (), respectively. Upon mixing with DOPE, they form lipoplexes that self-aggregate in typical multilamellar Lα lyotropic liquid-crystal nanostructures with sizes in the range of 100-200 nm and low polydispersities, very suitably fitted to remain in the bloodstream and cross the cell membrane. Interestingly, these nanoaggregates were able to compact, protect (from the degrading effect of DNase I), and transfect two DNA plasmids (pEGFP-C3, encoding the green fluorescent protein, and pCMV-Luc, encoding luciferase) into COS-7 cells, with an efficiency equal or even superior to that of the universal control Lipo2000*, as long as the effective +/- charge ratio was maintained higher than 1 but reasonably close to electroneutrality. Moreover, this transfection process was not cytotoxic because the viability of COS-7 cells remained at high levels, greater than 80%. All of these features make the C6C22C6/DOPE nanosystem an optimal nonviral gene nanocarrier in vitro and a potentially interesting candidate for future in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Martínez-Negro
- Departamento
de Química Física I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Guerrero-Martínez
- Departamento
de Química Física I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis García-Río
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química
Física, Universidade de Santiago, 15782 Santiago, Spain
| | - Òscar Domènech
- Departamento
de Farmacia, Tecnología Farmacéutica y Fisicoquímica,
Facultad de Farmacia y Ciencia de Los Alimentos, Universitat de Barcelona, and Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia
IN2UB, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain
| | - Emilio Aicart
- Departamento
de Química Física I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Conchita Tros de Ilarduya
- Departamento
de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación
Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elena Junquera
- Departamento
de Química Física I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Schubert MS, Cedrone E, Neun B, Behlke MA, Dobrovolskaia MA. Chemical Modification of CRISPR gRNAs Eliminate type I Interferon Responses in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. JOURNAL OF CYTOKINE BIOLOGY 2018; 3:121. [PMID: 30225466 PMCID: PMC6138052 DOI: 10.4172/2576-3881.1000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES CRISPR/Cas9 is currently the primary tool used for genome editing in mammalian cells. To cleave and alter genomic DNA, both the Cas9 nuclease and a guide RNA (gRNA) must be present in the nucleus. One preferred method of introducing these reagents is direct transfection of a recombinant Cas9 protein complexed with a synthetic gRNA as a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex. It is well established from prior work in RNA interference that synthetic RNAs can induce a type I interferon (IFN) response that can limit the application of such methods both in vitro and in vivo. While the immunological properties of short siRNAs are well understood, little is known about the immune recognition of longer CRISPR gRNAs. The objective of our in vitro study was to investigate how the composition of the gRNA influences its recognition by human immune cells. METHODS The study was performed in vitro in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The PBMCs from healthy donor volunteers were treated with gRNA for 24 h, and the levels of type I IFNs in culture supernatants were measured by a multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent chemiluminescent assay. Prior to the analysis in PBMCs, the physicochemical parameters and functionality of all nucleic acid constructs were confirmed by electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing assessment in HEK293-Cas9 cells, respectively. RESULTS We found that unmodified synthetic CRISPR gRNAs triggered a strong IFN response in PBMC cultures in vitro that could be prevented with chemical modification. Likewise, in vitro-transcribed single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) also triggered a strong IFN response that could only be partially suppressed by phosphatase removal of the 5'-triphosphate group. However, the process by which the gRNA is prepared (i.e., chemically synthesized as a two-part crRNA:tracrRNA complex or in vitro-transcribed as an sgRNA) does not directly influence the immune response to an unmodified gRNA. When experiments were performed in the HEK293 cells, only in vitro-transcribed sgRNA containing 5'-triphosphate induced IFN secretion. CONCLUSION The results of our structure-activity relationship study, therefore, suggest that chemical modifications commonly used to reduce the immunostimulation of traditional RNA therapeutics can also be used as effective tools to eliminate undesirable IFN responses to gRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mollie S. Schubert
- Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc., 1710 Commercial Park, Coralville, IA 52241, USA
| | - Edward Cedrone
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Barry Neun
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Mark A. Behlke
- Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc., 1710 Commercial Park, Coralville, IA 52241, USA
| | - Marina A. Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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Martínez-Negro M, Barrán-Berdón AL, Aicart-Ramos C, Moyá ML, de Ilarduya CT, Aicart E, Junquera E. Transfection of plasmid DNA by nanocarriers containing a gemini cationic lipid with an aromatic spacer or its monomeric counterpart. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 161:519-527. [PMID: 29128838 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study performed a biophysical characterization (electrochemistry, structure and morphology) and assessment of the biological activity and cell biocompatibility of GCL/DOPE-pDNA lipoplexes comprised of plasmid DNA and a mixed lipid formed by a DOPE zwitterionic lipid and a gemini cationic lipid N-N'-(1,3-phenylene bis (methylene)) bis (N,N-dimethyl-N-(1-dodecyl) ammonium dibromide (12PH12) containing an aromatic spacer or its monomeric counterpart surfactant, N-benzyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-(1-dodecyl) ammonium bromide (12PH). Electrochemical results reveal that i) the gemini cationic lipid (12PH12) and the plasmid pDNA yield effective charges less than their nominal charges (+2 and -2/bp, respectively) and that ii) both vectors (12PH12/DOPE and 12PH/DOPE) could compact pDNA and protect it from DNase I degradation. SAXS and cryo-TEM experiments indicate the presence of a lamellar lyotropic liquid crystal phase represented as alternating layers of mixed lipid and plasmid. Transfection efficiency (by FACS and luminometry) and cell viability assay in COS-7 cells, performed with two plasmid DNAs (pEGFP-C3 and pCMV-Luc VR1216), confirm the goodness of the proposed formulations (12PH12/DOPE and 12PH/DOPE) to transport genetic material, with efficiencies and biocompatibilities comparable to or better than those exhibited by the control Lipofectamine 2000*. In conclusion, although major attention has been paid to gemini cationic lipids in the literature, due to the large variety of modifications that their structures may support to improve the biological activity of the resulting lipoplexes, it is remarkable that the monomeric counterpart surfactant with an aromatic group analyzed in the present work also exhibits good biological activity. The in vitro results reported here indicate that the optimum formulations of the gene vectors studied in this work efficiently transfect plasmid DNA with very low toxicity levels and, thus, may be used in forthcoming in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Martínez-Negro
- Grupo de Química Coloidal y Supramolecular, Departamento de Química Física I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana L Barrán-Berdón
- Grupo de Química Coloidal y Supramolecular, Departamento de Química Física I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Aicart-Ramos
- Dpto. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María L Moyá
- Grupo de Química Coloidal y Catálisis Micelar, Departamento de Química Física I, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Emilio Aicart
- Grupo de Química Coloidal y Supramolecular, Departamento de Química Física I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elena Junquera
- Grupo de Química Coloidal y Supramolecular, Departamento de Química Física I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Sato Y, Matsui H, Yamamoto N, Sato R, Munakata T, Kohara M, Harashima H. Highly specific delivery of siRNA to hepatocytes circumvents endothelial cell-mediated lipid nanoparticle-associated toxicity leading to the safe and efficacious decrease in the hepatitis B virus. J Control Release 2017; 266:216-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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29
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Huang G, Li F, Zhao X, Ma Y, Li Y, Lin M, Jin G, Lu TJ, Genin GM, Xu F. Functional and Biomimetic Materials for Engineering of the Three-Dimensional Cell Microenvironment. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12764-12850. [PMID: 28991456 PMCID: PMC6494624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cell microenvironment has emerged as a key determinant of cell behavior and function in development, physiology, and pathophysiology. The extracellular matrix (ECM) within the cell microenvironment serves not only as a structural foundation for cells but also as a source of three-dimensional (3D) biochemical and biophysical cues that trigger and regulate cell behaviors. Increasing evidence suggests that the 3D character of the microenvironment is required for development of many critical cell responses observed in vivo, fueling a surge in the development of functional and biomimetic materials for engineering the 3D cell microenvironment. Progress in the design of such materials has improved control of cell behaviors in 3D and advanced the fields of tissue regeneration, in vitro tissue models, large-scale cell differentiation, immunotherapy, and gene therapy. However, the field is still in its infancy, and discoveries about the nature of cell-microenvironment interactions continue to overturn much early progress in the field. Key challenges continue to be dissecting the roles of chemistry, structure, mechanics, and electrophysiology in the cell microenvironment, and understanding and harnessing the roles of periodicity and drift in these factors. This review encapsulates where recent advances appear to leave the ever-shifting state of the art, and it highlights areas in which substantial potential and uncertainty remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyou Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science,
Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
- Interdisciplinary Division of Biomedical
Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufei Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Min Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Guorui Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Tian Jian Lu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials
and Structures, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Guy M. Genin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering &
Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis 63130, MO,
USA
- NSF Science and Technology Center for
Engineering MechanoBiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis 63130,
MO, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
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30
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Venault A, Huang YC, Lo JW, Chou CJ, Chinnathambi A, Higuchi A, Chen WS, Chen WY, Chang Y. Tunable PEGylation of branch-type PEI/DNA polyplexes with a compromise of low cytotoxicity and high transgene expression: in vitro and in vivo gene delivery. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:4732-4744. [PMID: 32264316 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01046j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although PEGylated polyplexes for gene delivery are widespread, there is a need for an in-depth investigation of the role of the PEGylation degree on the delivery efficiency of the systems. For this, a low-toxicity series of polymers for gene delivery were designed via Michael addition of poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) onto branched polyethylenimine PEI. The goal was to finely tune the PEGylation degree in order to determine the system offering the best compromise between low cytotoxicity and high transfection efficiency under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. From dynamic light scattering tests, zeta potential measurements and gel retardation assay, it was found that nanoparticle assembly of PEI-g-PEGMA and DNA exhibited stable complex formation when the PEGylation degree was below 2.9%. In addition, complexes formed from polymers with a PEGylation degree of at least 1.67% (from PEI-g-PEGMA-6 to PEI-g-PEGMA-18) all showed very low hemolysis activity. Transfection efficiencies of the prepared complexes were determined using the pEGFP-C3 vector and β-galactosidase. Complexes made of PEI-g-PEGMA-6 and PEI-g-PEGMA-10 at a polymer nitrogen/DNA phosphorus weight ratio (Wn/Wp) of 5 led to the best transfection efficiencies. Moreover, PEGylation ensured low cytotoxicity of the complexes in particular at high Wn/Wp ratios. In vivo tests in a mouse model confirmed the in vitro results obtained for PEI-g-PEGMA-6-based complexes, at all Wn/Wp ratios tested, but also showed that a high PEGylation degree (5.2% for PEI-g-PEGMA-18), though inefficient in vitro could still lead to successful delivery in vivo, due to a prolonged contact time between the complex and the cells, and to the change in the biological environment. Overall, provided a fine tuning of the grafting density of PEGMA onto PEI and the polymer nitrogen/DNA phosphorus weight ratio, our results prove that PEI-g-PEGMA polymers constitute an efficient platform for successful in vitro and in vivo gene delivery, and ensure low cytotoxicity and prolonged cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Venault
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Jhong-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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31
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Espadas-Alvarez AJ, Bannon MJ, Orozco-Barrios CE, Escobedo-Sanchez L, Ayala-Davila J, Reyes-Corona D, Soto-Rodriguez G, Escamilla-Rivera V, De Vizcaya-Ruiz A, Eugenia Gutierrez-Castillo M, Padilla-Viveros A, Martinez-Fong D. Regulation of human GDNF gene expression in nigral dopaminergic neurons using a new doxycycline-regulated NTS-polyplex nanoparticle system. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:1363-1375. [PMID: 28219741 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The human glial-cell derived neurotrophic factor (hGDNF) gene transfer by neurotensin (NTS)-polyplex nanoparticles functionally restores the dopamine nigrostriatal system in experimental Parkinson's disease models. However, high levels of sustained expression of GDNF eventually can cause harmful effects. Herein, we report an improved NTS-polyplex nanoparticle system that enables regulation of hGDNF expression within dopaminergic neurons. We constructed NTS-polyplex nanoparticles containing a single bifunctional plasmid that codes for the reverse tetracycline-controlled transactivator advanced (rtTA-Adv) under the control of NBRE3x promoter, and for hGDNF under the control of tetracycline-response element (TRE). Another bifunctional plasmid contained the enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene. Transient transfection experiments in N1E-115-Nurr1 cells showed that doxycycline (100 ng/mL) activates hGDNF and GFP expression. Doxycycline (5 mg/kg, i.p.) administration in rats activated hGDNF expression only in transfected dopaminergic neurons, whereas doxycycline withdrawal silenced transgene expression. Our results offer a specific doxycycline-regulated system suitable for nanomedicine-based treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J Bannon
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Carlos E Orozco-Barrios
- CONACYT - Medical Research Unit in Neurological Diseases, National Medical Center "Siglo XXI", IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Jose Ayala-Davila
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David Reyes-Corona
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - America Padilla-Viveros
- Knowledge transfer and commercialization office, the 3C agency, CINVESTAV, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Martinez-Fong
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV, Mexico City, Mexico; PhD Program on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (DNyN), CINVESTAV, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Machitani M, Sakurai F, Wakabayashi K, Nakatani K, Takayama K, Tachibana M, Mizuguchi H. Inhibition of CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Genome Engineering by a Type I Interferon-Induced Reduction in Guide RNA Expression. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:272-277. [PMID: 28250269 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9-mediated genome engineering technology is a powerful tool for generation of cells and animals with engineered mutations in their genomes. In order to introduce the CRISPR/Cas9 system into target cells, nonviral and viral vectors are often used; however, such vectors trigger innate immune responses associated with production of type I interferons (IFNs). We have recently demonstrated that type I IFNs inhibit short-hairpin RNA-mediated gene silencing, which led us to hypothesize that type I IFNs may also inhibit CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome mutagenesis. Here we investigated this hypothesis. A single-strand annealing assay using a reporter plasmid demonstrated that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated cleavage efficiencies of the target double-stranded DNA were significantly reduced by IFNα. A mismatch recognition nuclease-dependent genotyping assay also demonstrated that IFNα reduced insertion or deletion (indel) mutation levels by approximately half. Treatment with IFNα did not alter Cas9 protein expression levels, whereas the copy numbers of guide RNA (gRNA) were significantly reduced by IFNα stimulation. These results indicate that type I IFNs significantly reduce gRNA expression levels following introduction of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in the cells, leading to a reduction in the efficiencies of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome mutagenesis. Our findings provide important clues for the achievement of efficient genome engineering using the CRISPR/Cas9 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Machitani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
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Machitani M, Sakurai F, Wakabayashi K, Takayama K, Tachibana M, Mizuguchi H. Type I Interferons Impede Short Hairpin RNA-Mediated RNAi via Inhibition of Dicer-Mediated Processing to Small Interfering RNA. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 6:173-182. [PMID: 28325284 PMCID: PMC5363498 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RNAi by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) is a powerful tool not only for studying gene functions in various organisms, including mammals, but also for the treatment of severe disorders. However, shRNA-expressing vectors can induce type I interferon (IFN) expression by activation of innate immune responses, leading to off-target effects and unexpected side effects. Several strategies have been developed to prevent type I IFN induction. On the other hand, it has remained unclear whether type I IFNs have effects on shRNA-mediated RNAi. Here, we show that the type I IFNs significantly inhibit shRNA-mediated RNAi. Treatment with recombinant human IFN-α significantly inhibited shRNA-mediated knockdown of target genes, while it did not inhibit small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown. Following treatment with IFN-α, increased and decreased copy numbers of shRNA and its processed form, respectively, were found in the cells transfected with shRNA-expressing plasmids. Dicer protein levels were not altered by IFN-α. These results indicate that type I IFNs inhibit shRNA-mediated RNAi via inhibition of dicer-mediated processing of shRNA to siRNA. Our findings should provide important clues for efficient RNAi-mediated knockdown of target genes in both basic researches and clinical gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Machitani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sakurai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Regulatory Sciences for Oligonucleotide Therapeutics, Clinical Drug Development Unit, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Keisaku Wakabayashi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kosuke Takayama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masashi Tachibana
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Hepatocyte Regulation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito, Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan; iPS Cell-Based Research Project on Hepatic Toxicity and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Global Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Pizzuto M, Gangloff M, Scherman D, Gay NJ, Escriou V, Ruysschaert JM, Lonez C. Toll-like receptor 2 promiscuity is responsible for the immunostimulatory activity of nucleic acid nanocarriers. J Control Release 2016; 247:182-193. [PMID: 28040465 PMCID: PMC5312493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolyamines (LPAs) are cationic lipids; they interact spontaneously with nucleic acids to form lipoplexes used for gene delivery. The main hurdle to using lipoplexes in gene therapy lies in their immunostimulatory properties, so far attributed to the nucleic acid cargo, while cationic lipids were considered as inert to the immune system. Here we demonstrate for the first time that di-C18 LPAs trigger pro-inflammatory responses through Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) activation, and this whether they are bound to nucleic acids or not. Molecular docking experiments suggest potential TLR2 binding modes reminiscent of bacterial lipopeptide sensing. The di-C18 LPAs share the ability of burying their lipid chains in the hydrophobic cavity of TLR2 and, in some cases, TLR1, at the vicinity of the dimerization interface; the cationic headgroups form multiple hydrogen bonds, thus crosslinking TLRs into functional complexes. Unravelling the molecular basis of TLR1 and TLR6-driven heterodimerization upon LPA binding underlines the highly collaborative and promiscuous ligand binding mechanism. The prevalence of non-specific main chain-mediated interactions demonstrates that potentially any saturated LPA currently used or proposed as transfection agent is likely to activate TLR2 during transfection. Hence our study emphasizes the urgent need to test the inflammatory properties of transfection agents and proposes the use of docking analysis as a preliminary screening tool for the synthesis of new non-immunostimulatory nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvina Pizzuto
- Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Monique Gangloff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Daniel Scherman
- CNRS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité University, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, UTCBS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicholas J Gay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Virginie Escriou
- CNRS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité University, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, UTCBS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Ruysschaert
- Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Lonez
- Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
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Shukla S, Myers JT, Woods SE, Gong X, Czapar AE, Commandeur U, Huang AY, Levine AD, Steinmetz NF. Plant viral nanoparticles-based HER2 vaccine: Immune response influenced by differential transport, localization and cellular interactions of particulate carriers. Biomaterials 2016; 121:15-27. [PMID: 28063980 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines are designed to elicit an endogenous adaptive immune response that can successfully recognize and eliminate residual or recurring tumors. Such approaches can potentially overcome shortcomings of passive immunotherapies by generating long-lived therapeutic effects and immune memory while limiting systemic toxicities. A critical determinant of vaccine efficacy is efficient transport and delivery of tumor-associated antigens to professional antigen presenting cells (APCs). Plant viral nanoparticles (VNPs) with natural tropism for APCs and a high payload carrying capacity may be particularly effective vaccine carriers. The applicability of VNP platform technologies is governed by stringent structure-function relationships. We compare two distinct VNP platforms: icosahedral cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) and filamentous potato virus X (PVX). Specifically, we evaluate in vivo capabilities of engineered VNPs delivering human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) epitopes for therapy and prophylaxis of HER2+ malignancies. Our results corroborate the structure-function relationship where icosahedral CPMV particles showed significantly enhanced lymph node transport and retention, and greater uptake by/activation of APCs compared to filamentous PVX particles. These enhanced immune cell interactions and transport properties resulted in elevated HER2-specific antibody titers raised by CPMV- vs. PVX-based peptide vaccine. The 'synthetic virology' field is rapidly expanding with numerous platforms undergoing development and preclinical testing; our studies highlight the need for systematic studies to define rules guiding the design and rational choice of platform, in the context of peptide-vaccine display technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Jay T Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sarah E Woods
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xingjian Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Anna E Czapar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ulrich Commandeur
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH-Aachen University, 52064 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alex Y Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alan D Levine
- Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Zeng Y, Zhou Z, Fan M, Gong T, Zhang Z, Sun X. PEGylated Cationic Vectors Containing a Protease-Sensitive Peptide as a miRNA Delivery System for Treating Breast Cancer. Mol Pharm 2016; 14:81-92. [PMID: 28043137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several targeted drug delivery systems have recently been developed to increase the bioavailability of a drug at its site of action, allowing simultaneous reduction of the total necessary drug dose as well as side effects. Here, we designed a cationic gene vector containing matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2)-cleavable substrate peptides that specifically target tumor sites where MMP2 levels are high. The targeted delivery system is fabricated by linking enzyme-cleavable polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivatives to cationic β-cyclodextrin-polyethylenimine conjugates, which reduce the toxicity of polyethylenimine and condense the therapeutic cargo. In the present study, tumor suppressor microRNA miR-34a, which suppresses onset and progression of many types of cancers, was investigated for its therapeutic potential for treating breast cancer. The PEG coating markedly reduces nonspecific interaction between cationic particles and serum proteins, permitting accumulation at the target site; subsequent peptide cleavage by MMP2 facilitates miR-34a delivery into tumor cells. The nanopreparation shows excellent stability, and its internalization, tumor targeting, and antitumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo are better than those of a nanopreparation containing MMP2-uncleavable peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zixuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Minmin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
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Enhanced gene delivery to the lung using biodegradable polyunsaturated cationic phosphatidylcholine-detergent conjugates. Int J Pharm 2016; 511:205-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Pierrat P, Casset A, Didier P, Kereselidze D, Lux M, Pons F, Lebeau L. Cationic DOPC-Detergent Conjugates for Safe and Efficient in Vitro and in Vivo Nucleic Acid Delivery. Chembiochem 2016; 17:1771-83. [PMID: 27380144 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The ability of a nonviral nucleic acid carrier to deliver its cargo to cells with low associated toxicity is a critical issue for clinical applications of gene therapy. We describe biodegradable cationic DOPC-C12 E4 conjugates in which transfection efficiency is based on a Trojan horse strategy. In situ production of the detergent compound C12 E4 through conjugate hydrolysis within the acidic endosome compartment was expected to promote endosome membrane destabilization and subsequent release of the lipoplexes into cytosol. The transfection efficiency of the conjugates has been assessed in vitro, and associated cytotoxicity was determined. Cellular uptake and intracellular distribution of the lipoplexes have been investigated. The results show that direct conjugation of DOPC with C12 E4 produces a versatile carrier that can deliver both DNA and siRNA to cells in vitro with high efficiency and low cytotoxicity. SAR studies suggest that this compound might represent a reasonable compromise between the membrane activity of the released detergent and susceptibility of the conjugate to degradation enzymes in vitro. Although biodegradability of the conjugates had low impact on carrier efficiency in vitro, it proved critical in vivo. Significant improvement of transgene expression was obtained in the mouse lung tuning biodegradability of the carrier. Importantly, this also allowed reduction of the inflammatory response that invariably characterizes cationic-lipid-mediated gene transfer in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Pierrat
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, B. P. 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Anne Casset
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, B. P. 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Pascal Didier
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, B. P. 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Dimitri Kereselidze
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, B. P. 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Marie Lux
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, B. P. 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Françoise Pons
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, B. P. 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Luc Lebeau
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, UMR 7199 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, B. P. 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France.
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Margul DJ, Park J, Boehler RM, Smith DR, Johnson MA, McCreedy DA, He T, Ataliwala A, Kukushliev TV, Liang J, Sohrabi A, Goodman AG, Walthers CM, Shea LD, Seidlits SK. Reducing neuroinflammation by delivery of IL-10 encoding lentivirus from multiple-channel bridges. Bioeng Transl Med 2016; 1:136-148. [PMID: 27981242 PMCID: PMC5125399 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The spinal cord is unable to regenerate after injury largely due to growth‐inhibition by an inflammatory response to the injury that fails to resolve, resulting in secondary damage and cell death. An approach that prevents inhibition by attenuating the inflammatory response and promoting its resolution through the transition of macrophages to anti‐inflammatory phenotypes is essential for the creation of a growth permissive microenvironment. Viral gene delivery to induce the expression of anti‐inflammatory factors provides the potential to provide localized delivery to alter the host inflammatory response. Initially, we investigated the effect of the biomaterial and viral components of the delivery system to influence the extent of cell infiltration and the phenotype of these cells. Bridge implantation reduces antigen‐presenting cell infiltration at day 7, and lentivirus addition to the bridge induces a transient increase in neutrophils in the spinal cord at day 7 and macrophages at day 14. Delivery of a lentivirus encoding IL‐10, an anti‐inflammatory factor that inhibits immune cell activation and polarizes the macrophage population towards anti‐inflammatory phenotypes, reduced neutrophil infiltration at both day 7 and day 28. Though IL‐10 lentivirus did not affect macrophages number, it skewed the macrophage population toward an anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype and altered macrophage morphology. Additionally, IL‐10 delivery resulted in improved motor function, suggesting reduced secondary damage and increased sparing. Taken together, these results indicate that localized expression of anti‐inflammatory factors, such as IL‐10, can modulate the inflammatory response following spinal cord injury, and may be a key component of a combinatorial approach that targets the multiple barriers to regeneration and functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Margul
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL, 48109; Dept. of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI, 48109
| | - Jonghyuck Park
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI, 48109
| | - Ryan M Boehler
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL, 48109
| | - Dominique R Smith
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL, 48109; Dept. of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI, 48109
| | - Mitchell A Johnson
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI, 48109
| | - Dylan A McCreedy
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI, 48109; Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL, 48109
| | - Ting He
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL, 48109
| | - Aishani Ataliwala
- Dept. of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA, 90095
| | - Todor V Kukushliev
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL, 48109
| | - Jesse Liang
- Dept. of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA, 90095
| | - Alireza Sohrabi
- Dept. of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA, 90095
| | - Ashley G Goodman
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL, 48109
| | | | - Lonnie D Shea
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI, 48109; Dept. of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI, 48109
| | - Stephanie K Seidlits
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL, 48109; Dept. of Bioengineering University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA, 90095; Brain Research Institute University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA, 90095; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA, 90024
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NF-κB promotes leaky expression of adenovirus genes in a replication-incompetent adenovirus vector. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19922. [PMID: 26814140 PMCID: PMC4728692 DOI: 10.1038/srep19922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The replication-incompetent adenovirus (Ad) vector is one of the most promising vectors for gene therapy; however, systemic administration of Ad vectors results in severe hepatotoxicities, partly due to the leaky expression of Ad genes in the liver. Here we show that nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) mediates the leaky expression of Ad genes from the Ad vector genome, and that the inhibition of NF-κB leads to the suppression of Ad gene expression and hepatotoxicities following transduction with Ad vectors. Activation of NF-κB by recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α significantly enhanced the leaky expression of Ad genes. More than 50% suppression of the Ad gene expression was found by inhibitors of NF-κB signaling and siRNA-mediated knockdown of NF-κB. Similar results were found when cells were infected with wild-type Ad. Compared with a conventional Ad vector, an Ad vector expressing a dominant-negative IκBα (Adv-CADNIκBα), which is a negative regulator of NF-κB, mediated approximately 70% suppression of the leaky expression of Ad genes in the liver. Adv-CADNIκBα did not induce apparent hepatotoxicities. These results indicate that inhibition of NF-κB leads to suppression of Ad vector-mediated tissue damages via not only suppression of inflammatory responses but also reduction in the leaky expression of Ad genes.
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Dobrovolskaia MA. Pre-clinical immunotoxicity studies of nanotechnology-formulated drugs: Challenges, considerations and strategy. J Control Release 2015; 220:571-83. [PMID: 26348388 PMCID: PMC4688153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Assorted challenges in physicochemical characterization, sterilization, depyrogenation, and in the assessment of pharmacology, safety, and efficacy profiles accompany pre-clinical development of nanotechnology-formulated drugs. Some of these challenges are not unique to nanotechnology and are common in the development of other pharmaceutical products. However, nanoparticle-formulated drugs are biochemically sophisticated, which causes their translation into the clinic to be particularly complex. An understanding of both the immune compatibility of nanoformulations and their effects on hematological parameters is now recognized as an important step in the (pre)clinical development of nanomedicines. An evaluation of nanoparticle immunotoxicity is usually performed as a part of a traditional toxicological assessment; however, it often requires additional in vitro and in vivo specialized immuno- and hematotoxicity tests. Herein, I review literature examples and share the experience with the NCI Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory assay cascade used in the early (discovery-level) phase of pre-clinical development to summarize common challenges in the immunotoxicological assessment of nanomaterials, highlight considerations and discuss solutions to overcome problems that commonly slow or halt the translation of nanoparticle-formulated drugs toward clinical trials. Special attention will be paid to the grand-challenge related to detection, quantification and removal of endotoxin from nanoformulations, and practical considerations related to this challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, NCI at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, United States.
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Neurotensin-polyplex-mediated brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene delivery into nigral dopamine neurons prevents nigrostriatal degeneration in a rat model of early Parkinson's disease. J Biomed Sci 2015. [PMID: 26198255 PMCID: PMC4511027 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-015-0166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The neurotrophin Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) influences nigral dopaminergic neurons via autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. The reduction of BDNF expression in Parkinson’s disease substantia nigra (SN) might contribute to the death of dopaminergic neurons because inhibiting BDNF expression in the SN causes parkinsonism in the rat. This study aimed to demonstrate that increasing BDNF expression in dopaminergic neurons of rats with one week of 6-hydroxydopamine lesion recovers from parkinsonism. The plasmids phDAT-BDNF-flag and phDAT-EGFP, coding for enhanced green fluorescent protein, were transfected using neurotensin (NTS)-polyplex, which enables delivery of genes into the dopaminergic neurons via neurotensin-receptor type 1 (NTSR1) internalization. Results Two weeks after transfections, RT-PCR and immunofluorescence techniques showed that the residual dopaminergic neurons retain NTSR1 expression and susceptibility to be transfected by the NTS-polyplex. phDAT-BDNF-flag transfection did not increase dopaminergic neurons, but caused 7-fold increase in dopamine fibers within the SN and 5-fold increase in innervation and dopamine levels in the striatum. These neurotrophic effects were accompanied by a significant improvement in motor behavior. Conclusions NTS-polyplex-mediated BDNF overexpression in dopaminergic neurons has proven to be effective to remit hemiparkinsonism in the rat. This BDNF gene therapy might be helpful in the early stage of Parkinson’s disease.
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Beavers KR, Nelson CE, Duvall CL. MiRNA inhibition in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 88:123-37. [PMID: 25553957 PMCID: PMC4485980 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that provide an endogenous negative feedback mechanism for translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) into protein. Single miRNAs can regulate hundreds of mRNAs, enabling miRNAs to orchestrate robust biological responses by simultaneously impacting multiple gene networks. MiRNAs can act as master regulators of normal and pathological tissue development, homeostasis, and repair, which has motivated expanding efforts toward the development of technologies for therapeutically modulating miRNA activity for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications. This review highlights the tools currently available for miRNA inhibition and their recent therapeutic applications for improving tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey R Beavers
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Materials Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | | | - Craig L Duvall
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Materials Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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Kong Y, Li W, Mao Q, Wang Y. Development of Supramolecular Pseudo-Block Conjugates Based on Star-Shaped Polycation for DNA Delivery. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunna Kong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Wenyu Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Qianying Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Youxiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
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Dobrovolskaia MA, McNeil SE. Strategy for selecting nanotechnology carriers to overcome immunological and hematological toxicities challenging clinical translation of nucleic acid-based therapeutics. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 12:1163-75. [PMID: 25994601 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.1042857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical translation of nucleic acid-based therapeutics (NATs) is hampered by assorted challenges in immunotoxicity, hematotoxicity, pharmacokinetics, toxicology and formulation. Nanotechnology-based platforms are being considered to help address some of these challenges due to the nanoparticles' ability to change drug biodistribution, stability, circulation half-life, route of administration and dosage. Addressing toxicology and pharmacology concerns by various means including NATs reformulation using nanotechnology-based carriers has been reviewed before. However, little attention was given to the immunological and hematological issues associated with nanotechnology reformulation. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on application of nanotechnology carriers for delivery of various types of NATs, and how reformulation using nanoparticles affects immunological and hematological toxicities of this promising class of therapeutic agents. EXPERT OPINION NATs share several immunological and hematological toxicities with common nanotechnology carriers. In order to avoid synergy or exaggeration of undesirable immunological and hematological effects of NATs by a nanocarrier, it is critical to consider the immunological compatibility of the nanotechnology platform and its components. Since receptors sensing nucleic acids are located essentially in all cellular compartments, a strategy for developing a nanoformulation with reduced immunotoxicity should first focus on precise delivery to the target site/cells and then on optimizing intracellular distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Principal Scientist, Immunology Section Head,Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research , P .O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702 , USA +1 301 8466939 ; +1 301 846 6399 ;
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Lee CH, Kim HW, Kim T, Lee SW. Recombinant adenovirus infection suppresses hTERT expression through virus-associated RNA-mediated induction of type 1 interferon. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 458:830-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Efficient in vitro and in vivo pulmonary delivery of nucleic acid by carbon dot-based nanocarriers. Biomaterials 2015; 51:290-302. [PMID: 25771019 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cationic carbon dots were fabricated by pyrolysis of citric acid and bPEI25k under microwave radiation. Various nanoparticles were produced in a 20-30% yield through straightforward modifications of the reaction parameters (stoichiometry of the reactants and energy supply regime). Particular attention was paid to the purification of the reaction products to ensure satisfactory elimination of the residual starting polyamine. Intrinsic properties of the particles (size, surface charge, photoluminescence and quantum yield) were measured and their ability to form stable complexes with nucleic acid was determined. Their potential to deliver plasmid DNA or small interfering RNA to various cell lines was investigated and compared to that of bPEI25k. The pDNA in vitro transfection efficiency of these carbon dots was similar to that of the parent PEI, as was their cytotoxicity. The higher cytotoxicity of bPEI25k/siRNA complexes when compared to that of the CD/siRNA complexes however had marked consequences on the gene silencing efficiency of the two carriers. These results are not fully consistent with those in some earlier reports on similar nanoparticles, revealing that toxicity of the carbon dots strongly depends on their protocol of fabrication. Finally, these carriers were evaluated for in vivo gene delivery through the non-invasive pulmonary route in mice. High transgene expression was obtained in the lung that was similar to that obtained with the golden standard formulation GL67A, but was associated with significantly lower toxicity. Post-functionalization of these carbon dots with PEG or targeting moieties should significantly broaden their scope and practical implications in improving their in vivo transfection efficiency and biocompatibility.
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Doblhofer E, Scheibel T. Engineering of recombinant spider silk proteins allows defined uptake and release of substances. J Pharm Sci 2014; 104:988-94. [PMID: 25546241 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery carriers stabilize drugs and control their release, expanding the therapeutic window, and avoiding side effects of otherwise freely diffusing drugs in the human body. Materials used as carrier vehicles have to be biocompatible, biodegradable, nontoxic, and nonimmunogenic. Previously, particles made of the recombinant spider silk protein eADF4(C16) could be effectively loaded with positively and neutrally charged model substances. Here, a new positively charged variant thereof, named eADF4(κ16), has been engineered. Its particle formation is indistinguishable to that of polyanionic eADF4(C16), but in contrast polycationic eADF4(κ16) allows incorporation of negatively charged substances. Both high-molecular-weight substances, such as nucleic acids, and low-molecular-weight substances could be efficiently loaded onto eADF4(κ16) particles, and release of nucleic acids was shown to be well controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Doblhofer
- Thomas Scheibel, Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien, Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, 95440, Germany
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Tran TH, Amiji MM. Targeted delivery systems for biological therapies of inflammatory diseases. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 12:393-414. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.972931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Viecelli HM, Harbottle RP, Wong SP, Schlegel A, Chuah MK, Vanden Driessche T, Harding CO, Thöny B. Treatment of phenylketonuria using minicircle-based naked-DNA gene transfer to murine liver. Hepatology 2014; 60:1035-43. [PMID: 24585515 PMCID: PMC4449723 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Host immune response to viral vectors, persistence of nonintegrating vectors, and sustained transgene expression are among the major challenges in gene therapy. To overcome these hurdles, we successfully used minicircle (MC) naked-DNA vectors devoid of any viral or bacterial sequences for the long-term treatment of murine phenylketonuria, a model for a genetic liver defect. MC-DNA vectors expressed the murine phenylalanine hydroxylase (Pah) complementary DNA (cDNA) from a liver-specific promoter coupled to a de novo designed hepatocyte-specific regulatory element, designated P3, which is a cluster of evolutionary conserved transcription factor binding sites. MC-DNA vectors were subsequently delivered to the liver by a single hydrodynamic tail vein (HTV) injection. The MC-DNA vector normalized blood phenylalanine concomitant with reversion of hypopigmentation in a dose-dependent manner for more than 1 year, whereas the corresponding parental plasmid did not result in any phenylalanine clearance. MC vectors persisted in an episomal state in the liver consistent with sustained transgene expression and hepatic PAH enzyme activity without any apparent adverse effects. Moreover, 14-20% of all hepatocytes expressed transgenic PAH, and the expression was observed exclusively in the liver and predominately around pericentral areas of the hepatic lobule, while there was no transgene expression in periportal areas. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that MC technology offers an improved safety profile and has the potential for the genetic treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu Man Viecelli
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and affiliated with the Children’s Research Center Zurich
| | - Richard P. Harbottle
- Section of Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suet Ping Wong
- Section of Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Schlegel
- Swiss HPB and Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marinee K. Chuah
- Department of Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thierry Vanden Driessche
- Department of Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cary O. Harding
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Beat Thöny
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and affiliated with the Children’s Research Center Zurich
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