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Akhtar F, Wan X, Wu G, Kesse S, Wang S, He S. Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins: Reduced Size Particulate Systems for Improved Therapeutic Outcomes. Molecules 2018; 23:E1757. [PMID: 30021958 PMCID: PMC6100363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide range of diseases have been treated using low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs), the drug of choice for anticoagulation. Owing to their better pharmacokinetic features compared to those of unfractionated heparin (uFH), several systems incorporating LMWHs have been investigated to deliver and improve their therapeutic outcomes, especially through development of their micro- and nano-particles. This review article describes current perspectives on the fabrication, characterization, and application of LMWHs-loaded micro- and nano-particles to achieve ameliorated bioavailability. The valuable applications of LMWH will continue to encourage researchers to identify efficient delivery systems that have specific release characteristics and ameliorated bioavailability, overcoming the challenges presented by biological obstructions and the physicochemical properties of LMWHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Akhtar
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xinyu Wan
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Gang Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Samuel Kesse
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Shaoda Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Shuying He
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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De Simone V, Dalmoro A, Lamberti G, Caccavo D, d'Amore M, Barba AA. HPMC granules by wet granulation process: Effect of vitamin load on physicochemical, mechanical and release properties. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 181:939-947. [PMID: 29254058 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to its versatile properties, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) is largely used in many applications and deeply studied in the various fields such as pharmaceuticals, biomaterials, agriculture, food, water purification. In this work, vitamin B12 loaded HPMC granules were produced to investigate their potential application as nutraceutical products. To this aim the impact of vitamin load on physico-chemical, mechanical and release properties of granules, achieved by wet granulation process, was investigated. In particular, three different loads of B12 (1%, 2.3% and 5% w/w) were assayed. Unloaded granules (used as control) and loaded granules were dried, sieved, and then the suitable fraction for practical uses, 0.45-2mm in size, was fully characterized. Results showed that the vitamin incorporation of 5% reduced the granulation performance in the range size of 0.45-2mm and led granules with higher porosity, more rigid and less elastic structures compared to unloaded granules and those loaded at 1% and 2.3% of B12. Vitamin release kinetics of fresh and aged granules were roughly found the same trends for all the prepared lots; however, the vitamin B12 was released more slowly when added with a load at 1% w/w, suggesting a better incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica De Simone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy; Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Annalisa Dalmoro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Gaetano Lamberti
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Diego Caccavo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Matteo d'Amore
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Anna Angela Barba
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anticoagulants have been prescribed to patients to prevent deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. However, because of several problems in anticoagulant therapy, much attention has been directed at developing an ideal anticoagulant, and numerous attempts have been made to develop new anticoagulant delivery systems in recent years. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the challenges associated with the recent development of anticoagulants and their delivery systems. Various delivery methods have been developed to improve the use of anticoagulants. Recent advances in anticoagulant delivery and antidote development are also discussed in the context of their current progression states. EXPERT OPINION There have been many different approaches to developing the delivery system of anticoagulants. One approach has been to expand the use of new oral agents and develop their antidotes. Reducing the size of heparins to use smaller heparins for delivery, and developing oral or topical heparins are also some of the approaches used. Various physical formulations or chemical modifications are other ways that have enhanced the therapeutic potential of anticoagulant agents. On the whole, recent advances have contributed to increasing the efficacy and safety of anticoagulant clinically and have benefited the field of anticoagulant delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooho Park
- a Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Youngro Byun
- a Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Trends in the development of oral anticoagulants. Ther Deliv 2015; 6:685-703. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.15.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticoagulation remains the therapy of choice for the prevention and treatment of venous and arterial thromboembolic disorders which can cause major organ damage or death. Heparins represent the antithrombotic drugs of choice in short and medium-term prophylaxis and therapy of thromboembolic diseases. Fondaparinux, a synthetic and structural analog of the antithrombin-binding pentasaccharide domain of heparin, has selective anti-Xa activity and longer half-life. However, anticoagulants are poorly absorbed by oral route because of their high molecular weight, hydrophilicity and negative charges. Long-term anticoagulation therapy is problematic because of side effects and frequent monitoring. Formulation approaches are particularly promising.
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Ibrahim SS, Osman R, Awad GAS, Mortada ND, Geneidy AS. Low molecular weight heparins for current and future uses: approaches for micro- and nano-particulate delivery. Drug Deliv 2015; 23:2661-2667. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1046570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa S. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassyia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rihab Osman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassyia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gehanne A. S. Awad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassyia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nahed D. Mortada
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassyia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed-Shawky Geneidy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassyia, Cairo, Egypt
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İskenderoğlu C, Acartürk F, Erdoğan D, Bardakçı Y. In vitroandin vivoinvestigation of low molecular weight heparin–alginate beads for oral administration. J Drug Target 2013; 21:389-406. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2012.763040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ramadan A, Lagarce F, Tessier-Marteau A, Thomas O, Legras P, Macchi L, Saulnier P, Benoit JP. Oral fondaparinux: use of lipid nanocapsules as nanocarriers and in vivo pharmacokinetic study. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:2941-51. [PMID: 22162653 PMCID: PMC3230563 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s25791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral anticoagulant therapy could be advanced using lipid-based nanoparticulate systems. This study examined lipid nanocapsules for their oral absorption potential as the first step in developing oral fondaparinux (Fp) novel carriers. Using phase inversion method and cationic surfactants such as hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) or stearylamine (SA), cationic lipid nanocapsules (cLNCs), loaded with Fp on their surface, were prepared and characterized (zeta potential, size and Fp association efficiency and content). In vivo studies were conducted after single oral increasing doses of Fp-loaded cLNCs (0.5 to 5 mg/kg of Fp) in rats and the concentration of Fp in the plasma was measured by anti-factor Xa activity assay. The monodisperse, (~50 nm), positively charged Fp-cLNCs with high drug loadings demonstrated linear pharmacokinetic profiles of the drug with an increased oral absolute bioavailability (up to ~21%) compatible with therapeutic anticoagulant effect (>0.2 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyaa Ramadan
- LUNAM Université, Ingénierie de la Vectorisation Particulaire, Inserm U-646, Angers, France
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Oliveira SS, Oliveira FS, Gaitani CM, Marchetti JM. Microparticles as a Strategy for Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Delivery. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:1783-92. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2010] [Revised: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Enteric-coated tablets improve oral bioavailability of DX-9065, a novel anticoagulant. Eur J Pharm Sci 2011; 42:392-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Martínez-González J, Rodríguez C. New challenges for a second-generation low-molecular-weight heparin: focus on bemiparin. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2010; 8:625-34. [PMID: 20450295 DOI: 10.1586/erc.10.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bemiparin is a second-generation low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) that has the lowest molecular weight, the longest half-life and the highest anti-Factor Xa/anti-Factor IIa activity ratio. The safety and efficacy of bemiparin has been demonstrated in several studies and currently it is licensed for the treatment and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE), as well as for the prevention of clotting in the extracorporeal circuit during hemodialysis. Multicenter pharmacoeconomic studies carried out in the Spanish National Health system indicate that bemiparin is more cost effective than enoxaparin for the prevention of VTE in total knee replacement. Interestingly, recent results suggest that bemiparin could be useful as an adjuvant treatment in the management of lower-extremity diabetic ulcers. Since international guidelines recommend LMWHs for initial and continuous anticoagulant treatment in cancer patients with VTE, as well as for its prevention, results from ongoing trials could be critical to establish the potential of bemiparin in oncological patients. Finally, the pharmacokinetics of two oral bemiparin formulations are currently being analyzed in a Phase I trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Martínez-González
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (Pabellón no. 11), Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
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