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Zhou M, Zou X, Cheng K, Zhong S, Su Y, Wu T, Tao Y, Cong L, Yan B, Jiang Y. The role of cell-penetrating peptides in potential anti-cancer therapy. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e822. [PMID: 35593206 PMCID: PMC9121317 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the complex physiological structure, microenvironment and multiple physiological barriers, traditional anti-cancer drugs are severely restricted from reaching the tumour site. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are typically made up of 5-30 amino acids, and can be utilised as molecular transporters to facilitate the passage of therapeutic drugs across physiological barriers. Up to now, CPPs have widely been used in many anti-cancer treatment strategies, serving as an excellent potential choice for oncology treatment. However, their drawbacks, such as the lack of cell specificity, short duration of action, poor stability in vivo, compatibility problems (i.e. immunogenicity), poor therapeutic efficacy and formation of unwanted metabolites, have limited their further application in cancer treatment. The cellular uptake mechanisms of CPPs involve mainly endocytosis and direct penetration, but still remain highly controversial in academia. The CPPs-based drug delivery strategy could be improved by clever design or chemical modifications to develop the next-generation CPPs with enhanced cell penetration capability, stability and selectivity. In addition, some recent advances in targeted cell penetration that involve CPPs provide some new ideas to optimise CPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kexin Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Suye Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yangzhou Su
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tao Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Cong
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiqun Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Model Animal and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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2
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Nunes LGP, Reichert T, Machini MT. His-Rich Peptides, Gly- and His-Rich Peptides: Functionally Versatile Compounds with Potential Multi-Purpose Applications. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10302-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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3
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Hagino Y, Khalil IA, Kimura S, Kusumoto K, Harashima H. GALA-Modified Lipid Nanoparticles for the Targeted Delivery of Plasmid DNA to the Lungs. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:878-888. [PMID: 33492961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the development of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for the efficient and selective delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA) to the lungs. The GALA peptide was used as a ligand to target the lung endothelium and as an endosomal escape device. Transfection activity in the lungs was significantly improved when pDNA was encapsulated in double-coated LNPs. The inner coat was composed of dioleoylphsophoethanolamine and a stearylated octaarginine (STR-R8) peptide, while the outer coat was largely a cationic lipid, di-octadecenyl-trimethylammonium propane, mixed with YSK05, a pH-sensitive lipid, and cholesterol. Optimized amounts of YSK05 and GALA were used to achieve an efficient and lung-selective system. The optimized system produced a high gene expression level in the lungs (>107 RLU/mg protein) with high lung/liver and lung/spleen ratios. GALA/R8 modification and the double-coating design were indispensable for efficient gene expression in the lungs. Despite the fact that NPs prepared with 1-step or 2-step coating have the same lipid amount and composition and the same pDNA dose, the transfection activity was dramatically higher in the lungs in the case of 2-step coating. Surprisingly, 1-step or 2-step coatings had no effect on the amount of nanoparticles that were delivered to the lungs, suggesting that the double-coating strategy substantially improved the efficiency of gene expression at the intracellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Hagino
- Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Ikramy A Khalil
- Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Seigo Kimura
- Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kenji Kusumoto
- Formulation Research Laboratory, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 224-2, Ebisuno, Hiraishi, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0194, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.,Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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4
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Khalil IA, Younis MA, Kimura S, Harashima H. Lipid Nanoparticles for Cell-Specific in Vivo Targeted Delivery of Nucleic Acids. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:584-595. [PMID: 32238701 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The last few years have witnessed a great advance in the development of nonviral systems for in vivo targeted delivery of nucleic acids. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the most promising carriers for producing clinically approved products in the future. Compared with other systems used for nonviral gene delivery, LNPs provide several advantages including higher stability, low toxicity, and greater efficiency. Additionally, systems based on LNPs can be modified with ligands and devices for controlled biodistribution and internalization into specific cells. Efforts are ongoing to improve the efficiency of lipid-based gene vectors. These efforts depend on the appropriate design of nanocarriers as well as the development of new lipids with improved gene delivery ability. Several ionizable lipids have recently been developed and have shown dramatically improved efficiency. However, enhancing the ability of nanocarriers to target specific cells in the body remains the most difficult challenge. Systemically administered LNPs can access organs in which the capillaries are characterized by the presence of fenestrations, such as the liver and spleen. The liver has received the most attention to date, although targeted delivery to the spleen has recently emerged as a promising tool for modulating the immune system. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the use of LNPs for cell-specific targeted delivery of nucleic acids. We focus mainly on targeting liver hepatocytes and spleen immune cells as excellent targets for gene therapy. We also discuss the potential of endothelial cells as an alternate approach for targeting organs with a continuous endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikramy A Khalil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University
| | - Mahmoud A Younis
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University
| | - Seigo Kimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University
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5
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Behzadipour Y, Hemmati S. Considerations on the Rational Design of Covalently Conjugated Cell-Penetrating Peptides (CPPs) for Intracellular Delivery of Proteins: A Guide to CPP Selection Using Glucarpidase as the Model Cargo Molecule. Molecules 2019; 24:E4318. [PMID: 31779220 PMCID: PMC6930620 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Access of proteins to their intracellular targets is limited by a hydrophobic barrier called the cellular membrane. Conjugation with cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) has been shown to improve protein transduction into the cells. This conjugation can be either covalent or non-covalent, each with its unique pros and cons. The CPP-protein covalent conjugation may result in undesirable structural and functional alterations in the target protein. Therefore, we propose a systematic approach to evaluate different CPPs for covalent conjugations. This guide is presented using the carboxypeptidase G2 (CPG2) enzyme as the target protein. Seventy CPPs -out of 1155- with the highest probability of uptake efficiency were selected. These peptides were then conjugated to the N- or C-terminus of CPG2. Translational efficacy of the conjugates, robustness and thermodynamic properties of the chimera, aggregation possibility, folding rate, backbone flexibility, and aspects of in vivo administration such as protease susceptibility were predicted. The effect of the position of conjugation was evaluated using unpaired t-test (p < 0.05). It was concluded that N-terminal conjugation resulted in higher quality constructs. Seventeen CPP-CPG2/CPG2-CPP constructs were identified as the most promising. Based on this study, the bioinformatics workflow that is presented may be universally applied to any CPP-protein conjugate design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Behzadipour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345-1583, Iran;
| | - Shiva Hemmati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345-1583, Iran;
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345-1583, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345-1583, Iran
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6
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Nakamura T, Yamada Y, Sato Y, Khalil IA, Harashima H. Innovative nanotechnologies for enhancing nucleic acids/gene therapy: Controlling intracellular trafficking to targeted biodistribution. Biomaterials 2019; 218:119329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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7
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Kimura S, Khalil IA, Elewa YHA, Harashima H. Spleen selective enhancement of transfection activities of plasmid DNA driven by octaarginine and an ionizable lipid and its implications for cancer immunization. J Control Release 2019; 313:70-79. [PMID: 31526828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Efficiently delivering plasmid DNA (pDNA) to the spleen is particularly significant for DNA immunization. However, increasing the efficiency of gene expression in spleen cells for achieving a therapeutic effect remains a serious challenge. An ideal spleen-targeted system should avoid liver uptake and should efficiently transfect specific functional spleen cells. Here, we report on pDNA nanocarriers with enhanced transfection in spleen cells driven by synergism between an octaarginine (R8) peptide and YSK05; a pH-responsive ionizable lipid. A double-coating design is essential for enhancing spleen selective transfection which is significantly affected by the total amount of lipid and the composition of the outer coat. The optimized R8/YSK system shows a high gene expression in the spleen with a high spleen/liver ratio and a surprising ability to target spleen B cells. Compared to other organs, the high spleen activity cannot be explained based on the amount of pDNA delivered to each organ, indicating that the system is extremely efficient in transfecting spleen cells. The system can be used in cancer immunization where a strong anti-tumor effect was observed in mice immunized with the R8/YSK system encapsulating antigen-encoding pDNA. The R8/YSK system holds great promise for future applications in the field of DNA vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seigo Kimura
- Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Ikramy A Khalil
- Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
| | - Yaser H A Elewa
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt; Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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8
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Younis MA, Khalil IA, Abd Elwakil MM, Harashima H. A Multifunctional Lipid-Based Nanodevice for the Highly Specific Codelivery of Sorafenib and Midkine siRNA to Hepatic Cancer Cells. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4031-4044. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. Younis
- Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Ikramy A. Khalil
- Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M. Abd Elwakil
- Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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9
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Chandela A, Ueno Y. Systemic Delivery of Small Interfering RNA Therapeutics: Obstacles and Advances. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.7831/ras.7.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akash Chandela
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University
| | - Yoshihito Ueno
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University
- Course of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
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10
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Abstract
With the recent explosion of genomic information on the root causes of disease, there is an increased interest in nucleic acid therapeutics, including siRNA and gene therapy, all of which require delivery of highly charged nucleic acids from siRNA with a molecular weight of about 1.4 × 104 to plasmids with an approximate molecular weight of 2.0-3.0 × 106. This chapter describes the delivery of shRNA via plasmid or siRNA with a peptide-based carrier. We focus on the histidine-lysine peptide which serves as an example for other peptides and polymeric carrier systems. When the HK peptide and nucleic acids are mixed together and interact with one another through ionic and nonionic interactions, nanoplexes are formed. These nanoplexes, carrying either shRNA or siRNA that target oncogenes, provide promising options for the treatment of cancer. We describe methods of preparation and characterization of these nanoplexes using dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, and gel retardation assays. We also provide protocols for transfection in vitro and in vivo for these nanoplexes.
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11
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Khalil IA, Yamada Y, Harashima H. Optimization of siRNA delivery to target sites: issues and future directions. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15:1053-1065. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1520836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ikramy A. Khalil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Yuma Yamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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12
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Efficient Delivery of Macromolecules into Human Cells by Improving the Endosomal Escape Activity of Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Lessons Learned from dfTAT and its Analogs. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8030050. [PMID: 29997347 PMCID: PMC6165022 DOI: 10.3390/biom8030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are typically prone to endocytic uptake into human cells. However, they are often inefficient at escaping from endosomes, which limits their ability to deliver cargos into cells. This review highlights the efforts that our laboratory has devoted toward developing CPPs that can mediate the leakage of endosomal membranes, and consequently gain better access to the intracellular milieu. In particular, we have identified a CPP named dimeric fluorescent TAT (dfTAT) with high endosomolytic activity. We describe how we have used this reagent and its analogs to develop efficient cytosolic delivery protocols and learn about molecular and cellular parameters that control the cell permeation process. Specifically, we discuss how late endosomes represent exploitable gateways for intracellular entry. We also describe how certain features in CPPs, including guanidinium content, charge density, multimerization, chirality, and susceptibility to degradation modulate the activity that these peptidic agents take toward endosomal membranes and cytosolic egress.
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13
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Goh Y, Song YH, Lee G, Bae H, Mahata MK, Lee KT. Cellular uptake efficiency of nanoparticles investigated by three-dimensional imaging. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:11359-11368. [PMID: 29644351 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00493e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interaction of nanoparticles with living cells on the basis of cellular uptake efficiency is a fundamental requisite in biomedical research. Cellular internalization of nanoparticles takes place by mechanisms like ATP hydrolysis-driven endocytosis that deliver nanoparticles to the cytoplasm, organelles and nuclei. Despite its importance in nanomedicine, this uptake procedure is not understood in-depth because of the complexity of the biochemical mechanisms and the lack of available experimental methods for quantitative analysis. The only breakthrough is likely to be the development of imaging techniques that can visualize, monitor and even count the number of nanoparticles inside the cell. To this end, we report here a new, fast and background-free three-dimensional (3-D) imaging technique with quantitative evaluation of the uptake efficiency for NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+/NaYF4 core/shell upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) functionalized with different chemical and biological groups. Furthermore, the multiple 3-D trajectories of the UCNPs have been analyzed to investigate the cellular dynamics. This study reveals the nuclear uptake of UCNPs to be dependent on the specific chemical groups conjugated to the UCNPs. The developed 3-D imaging technique is of great significance for exploring complex biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongchang Goh
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
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14
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Khalil IA, Kimura S, Sato Y, Harashima H. Synergism between a cell penetrating peptide and a pH-sensitive cationic lipid in efficient gene delivery based on double-coated nanoparticles. J Control Release 2018; 275:107-116. [PMID: 29452131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We report on the development of a highly efficient gene delivery system based on synergism between octaarginine (R8), a representative cell penetrating peptide, and YSK05, a recently developed pH-sensitive cationic lipid. Attaching a high density of R8 on the surface of YSK05 nanoparticles (NPs) that contained encapsulated plasmid DNA resulted in the formation of positively charged NPs with improved transfection efficiency. To avoid the development of a net positive charge, we controlled the density and topology of the R8 peptide through the use of a two-step coating methodology, in which the inner lipid coat was modified with a low density of R8 which was then covered with an outer neutral YSK05 lipid layer. Although used in low amounts, the R8 peptide improved cellular uptake and endosomal escape of the DNA encapsulated in YSK05 NPs, which resulted in a high transfection efficiency. The two-step coating design was essential for achieving a high degree of transfection, as evidenced by the low activity of NPs modified with the same amount of R8 in a regular single-coated design. In addition, a high transfection efficiency was not observed when R8 or YSK05 were used alone, which confirms the existence of a synergistic effect between both components. The results of this study indicate that cationic cell penetrating peptides have the ability to improve transfection activities without imparting a net positive charge when used in the proper amount and in conjunction with the appropriate design. This is expected to significantly increase the potential applications of these peptides as tools for augmenting the activity of lipid nanoparticles used in gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikramy A Khalil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
| | - Seigo Kimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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15
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Khalil IA, Harashima H. An efficient PEGylated gene delivery system with improved targeting: Synergism between octaarginine and a fusogenic peptide. Int J Pharm 2018; 538:179-187. [PMID: 29341911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Because of their ability to translocate different cargos into cells, arginine-rich cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) are promising vehicles for drug and gene delivery. The use of CPP-based carriers, however, is hampered by the lack of specificity and by interactions with negative serum components. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is used to decrease such non-specific interactions, albeit its use is associated with reduced transfection efficiency. In this study, we describe the development of PEGylated CPP-based gene carrier with an improved targeting and a high transfection activity. The system was prepared by condensing DNA with a polycation followed by coating with a lipid envelope containing the octaarginine (R8) peptide as a model CPP. R8-modified nanoparticles produced high transfection activities, but the efficiency was reduced by PEG shielding. The reduced activity could be fully restored by the addition of a targeting ligand and a pH-sensitive fusogenic peptide. The efficiency of the proposed system is quite high, even in the presence of serum, and shows improved targeting and selectivity. Surprisingly, the effect of the fusogenic peptide was dramatically reduced in the absence of R8. Although shielded, R8 augmented the activity of the fusogenic peptide, suggesting a synergistic effect between the two peptides at the intracellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikramy A Khalil
- Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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16
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Mukherjee D, Kundu N, Chakravarty L, Behera B, Chakrabarti P, Sarkar N, Maiti TK. Membrane perturbation through novel cell-penetrating peptides influences intracellular accumulation of imatinib mesylate in CML cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2017; 34:233-245. [PMID: 29046997 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-017-9414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia is a stem cell disease with the presence of Philadelphia chromosome generated through reciprocal translocation of chromosome 9 and 22. The use of first- and second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors has been successful to an extent. However, resistance against such drugs is an emerging problem. Apart from several drug-resistant mechanisms, drug influx/efflux ratio appears to be one of the key determinants of therapeutic outcomes. In addition, intracellular accumulation of drug critically depends on cell membrane fluidity and lipid raft dynamics. Previously, we reported two novel cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), namely, cationic IR15 and anionic SR11 present in tryptic digest of Abrus agglutinin. Here, the potential of IR15 and SR11 to influence intracellular concentration of imatinib has been evaluated. Fluorescent correlation spectroscopy and lifetime imaging were employed to map membrane fluidity and lipid raft distribution following peptide-drug co-administration. Results show that IR15 and SR11 are the two CPPs which can modulate membrane fluidity and lipid raft distribution in K562 cells. Both IR15 and SR11 significantly reduce the viability of CML cells in the presence of imatinib by increasing the intracellular accumulation of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devdeep Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Niloy Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Lopamudra Chakravarty
- Department of Haematology, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Birendra Behera
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Prantar Chakrabarti
- Department of Haematology, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Nilmoni Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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PEGylation of the GALA Peptide Enhances the Lung-Targeting Activity of Nanocarriers That Contain Encapsulated siRNA. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2420-2427. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Acharya R, Saha S, Ray S, Hazra S, Mitra MK, Chakraborty J. siRNA-nanoparticle conjugate in gene silencing: A future cure to deadly diseases? MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 76:1378-1400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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19
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Bivalkar-Mehla S, Mehla R, Chauhan A. Chimeric peptide-mediated siRNA transduction to inhibit HIV-1 infection. J Drug Target 2016; 25:307-319. [PMID: 27800697 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2016.1245311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Persistent human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection provokes immune activation and depletes CD4+ lymphocytes, leading to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Uninterrupted administration of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in HIV-infected patients suppresses viral replication to below the detectable level and partially restores the immune system. However, cART-unresponsive residual HIV-1 infection and elusive transcriptionally silent but reactivatable viral reservoirs maintain a permanent viral DNA blue print. The virus rebounds within a few weeks after interruption of suppressive therapy. Adjunct gene therapy to control viral replication by ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) is a post-transcriptional gene silencing strategy that could suppress residual HIV-1 burden and overcome viral resistance. Small interfering ribonucleic acids (siRNAs) are efficient transcriptional inhibitors, but need delivery systems to reach inside target cells. We investigated the potential of chimeric peptide (FP-PTD) to deliver specific siRNAs to HIV-1-susceptible and permissive cells. Chimeric FP-PTD peptide was designed with an RNA binding domain (PTD) to bind siRNA and a cell fusion peptide domain (FP) to enter cells. FP-PTD-siRNA complex entered and inhibited HIV-1 replication in susceptible cells, and could be a candidate for in vivo testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalmali Bivalkar-Mehla
- a Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology , University of South Carolina School of Medicine , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - Rajeev Mehla
- a Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology , University of South Carolina School of Medicine , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - Ashok Chauhan
- a Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology , University of South Carolina School of Medicine , Columbia , SC , USA
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20
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Kurrikoff K, Gestin M, Langel Ü. Recentin vivoadvances in cell-penetrating peptide-assisted drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 13:373-87. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2016.1125879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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21
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Abstract
RNA interference or post-transcriptional gene silencing is one of the latest, innovative, highly specific, and efficient technologies for gene therapy application in molecular oncology. It is already a well-established research tool for analyses of molecular mechanisms for various diseases including cancer as it efficiently silences the expression of genes of interest. However, for its proper therapeutic use, an efficient tumor-specific in-vivo delivery mechanism is essential. Many scientific groups and companies are involved in the development of efficient in-vivo delivery mechanisms for small interfering RNA, but are still struggling. The present article suggests utilization of albumin as a delivery module for small interfering RNA as it is an endogenous natural nanoparticle known for its binding properties to various endogenous metabolites, drugs, and metal ions.
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22
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Yamada Y, Nakamura K, Abe J, Hyodo M, Haga S, Ozaki M, Harashima H. Mitochondrial delivery of Coenzyme Q10 via systemic administration using a MITO-Porter prevents ischemia/reperfusion injury in the mouse liver. J Control Release 2015; 213:86-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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23
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Li H, Tsui TY, Ma W. Intracellular Delivery of Molecular Cargo Using Cell-Penetrating Peptides and the Combination Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:19518-36. [PMID: 26295227 PMCID: PMC4581311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160819518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can cross cellular membranes in a non-toxic fashion, improving the intracellular delivery of various molecular cargos such as nanoparticles, small molecules and plasmid DNA. Because CPPs provide a safe, efficient, and non-invasive mode of transport for various cargos into cells, they have been developed as vectors for the delivery of genetic and biologic products in recent years. Most common CPPs are positively charged peptides. While delivering negatively charged molecules (e.g., nucleic acids) to target cells, the internalization efficiency of CPPs is reduced and inhibited because the cationic charges on the CPPs are neutralized through the covering of CPPs by cargos on the structure. Even under these circumstances, the CPPs can still be non-covalently complexed with the negatively charged molecules. To address this issue, combination strategies of CPPs with other typical carriers provide a promising and novel delivery system. This review summarizes the latest research work in using CPPs combined with molecular cargos including liposomes, polymers, cationic peptides, nanoparticles, adeno-associated virus (AAV) and calcium for the delivery of genetic products, especially for small interfering RNA (siRNA). This combination strategy remedies the reduced internalization efficiency caused by neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Huzhou University School of Medicine, Huzhou 313000, China.
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Tung Yu Tsui
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Wenxue Ma
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA.
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Abstract
Nearly 30years ago, certain small, relatively nontoxic peptides were discovered to be capable of traversing the cell membrane. These cell-penetrating peptides, as they are now called, have been shown to not only be capable of crossing the cell membrane themselves but can also carry many different therapeutic agents into cells, including small molecules, plasmid DNA, siRNA, therapeutic proteins, viruses, imaging agents, and other various nanoparticles. Many cell-penetrating peptides have been derived from natural proteins, but several other cell-penetrating peptides have been developed that are either chimeric or completely synthetic. How cell-penetrating peptides are internalized into cells has been a topic of debate, with some peptides seemingly entering cells through an endocytic mechanism and others by directly penetrating the cell membrane. Although the entry mechanism is still not entirely understood, it seems to be dependent on the peptide type, the peptide concentration, the cargo the peptide transports, and the cell type tested. With new intracellular disease targets being discovered, cell-penetrating peptides offer an exciting approach for delivering drugs to these intracellular targets. There are hundreds of cell-penetrating peptides being studied for drug delivery, and ongoing studies are demonstrating their success both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Ramsey
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States.
| | - Nicholas H Flynn
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States
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Li Y, Tian H, Ding J, Lin L, Chen J, Gao S, Chen X. Guanidinated Thiourea-Decorated Polyethylenimines for Enhanced Membrane Penetration and Efficient siRNA Delivery. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1369-75. [PMID: 25899995 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) provides the promising treatments of gene-related diseases while hindered by the lack of highly efficient delivery platform with low cytotoxicity. Moreover, the intracellular fates of nonviral gene carriers are closely related to their internalization pathway, and eventually influence their RNAi efficiency. Herein, a series of guanidinated thiourea-modified polyethylenimines (PEI-MTU-Gs) are synthesized and utilized as the efficient carriers of small interfering RNA (siRNA) with up to 71.6% inhibition of luciferase activity in the luciferase-expressing cell lines (i.e., HeLa/Luc cells). The introduction of noncationic hydrogen bond donors, that is, thiourea groups, provides the carriers with much lower cytotoxicities and relatively looser complex structures that facilitate the intracellular release of siRNAs. Furthermore, the multiguanidino structures endow the PEI-MTU-G/siRNA complexes with the ability to directly penetrate cell membrane, which facilitates the cellular internalization while avoiding them suffering from the rigorous lysosomes. The results demonstrate PEI-MTU35 -Gs as promising siRNA carriers for further gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuce Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Huayu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Lin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Shiqian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P. R. China
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Hayashi Y, Hatakeyama H, Kajimoto K, Hyodo M, Akita H, Harashima H. Multifunctional Envelope-Type Nano Device: Evolution from Nonselective to Active Targeting System. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1266-76. [PMID: 25938819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A paradigm shift has occurred in the field of drug delivery systems (DDS), one being intracellular targeting, and the other, active targeting. An important aspect of intracellular targeting involves delivering nucleic acids such as siRNA/pDNA rather than small molecular compounds, since the mechanism responsible for their entering a target cell is usually via endocytosis, and the efficiency of endosomal escape is a critical factor in determining the functional activities of siRNA/pDNA. A multifunctional envelope-type nano device (MEND) was developed to control the intracellular trafficking of nano carriers containing siRNA/pDNA. An octaarginine (R8) modified MEND was developed to achieve this. Considerable progress has been made in active targeting to selective tissue vasculature such as tumor, adipose tissue, and the lung where endothelial barrier is tight against nanoparticles with diameters larger than 50 nm. A dual-ligand system is proposed to enhance active targeting ability by virtue of a synergistic interaction between a selective ligand and a cell penetrating ligand. Prohibitin targeted nanoparticles (PTNP) were developed to target endothelial cells in adipose tissue, which deliver apoptotic peptides/proteins to the adipose vasculature. Lung endothelial cells can be targeted by means of the GALA peptide, which is usually used to enhance endosomal escape. These active targeting systems can induce pharmacological effects in in vivo conditions. Finally, a novel strategy for producing an original ligand has been developed, especially for the tumor vasculature. This progress in DDS promises to extend the area of nanomedicine as a breakthrough technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Hayashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan 060-0812
| | - Hiroto Hatakeyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan 060-0812
| | - Kazuaki Kajimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan 060-0812
| | - Mamoru Hyodo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan 060-0812
| | - Hidetaka Akita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan 060-0812
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan 060-0812
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27
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Zeller S, Choi CS, Uchil PD, Ban HS, Siefert A, Fahmy TM, Mothes W, Lee SK, Kumar P. Attachment of cell-binding ligands to arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptides enables cytosolic translocation of complexed siRNA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 22:50-62. [PMID: 25544044 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), such as nona-arginine (9R), poorly translocate siRNA into cells. Our studies demonstrate that attaching 9R to ligands that bind cell surface receptors quantitatively increases siRNA uptake and importantly, allows functional delivery of complexed siRNA. The mechanism involved accumulation of ligand-9R:siRNA microparticles on the cell membrane, which induced transient membrane inversion at the site of ligand-9R binding and rapid siRNA translocation into the cytoplasm. siRNA release also occurred late after endocytosis when the ligand was attached to the L isoform of 9R, but not the protease-resistant 9DR, prolonging mRNA knockdown. This critically depended on endosomal proteolytic activity, implying that partial CPP degradation is required for endosome-to-cytosol translocation. The data demonstrate that ligand attachment renders simple polycationic CPPs effective for siRNA delivery by restoring their intrinsic property of translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skye Zeller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Chang Seon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Pradeep D Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Hong-Seok Ban
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Alyssa Siefert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Tarek M Fahmy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Sang-Kyung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea.
| | - Priti Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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Sun J, Bie B, Zhang S, Yang J, Li Z. Long non-coding RNAs: critical players in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:20434-48. [PMID: 25387074 PMCID: PMC4264176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151120434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a complex disease with multiple underlying pathogenic mechanisms caused by a variety of etiologic factors. Emerging evidence showed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), with size larger than 200 nucleotides (nt), play important roles in various types of cancer development and progression. In recent years, some dysregulated lncRNAs in HCC have been revealed and roles for several of them in HCC have been characterized. All these findings point to the potential of lncRNAs as prospective novel therapeutic targets in HCC. In this review, we summarize known dysregulated lncRNAs in HCC, and review potential biological roles and underlying molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in HCC. Additionally, we discussed prospects of lncRNAs as potential biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC. In conclusion, this paper will help us gain better understanding of molecular mechanisms by which lncRNAs perform their function in HCC and also provide general strategies and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sun
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
| | - Beibei Bie
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
| | - Shu Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
| | - Zongfang Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
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Hepatic Monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 as a Promising Therapeutic Target for Steatosis, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2014; 3:e154. [PMID: 24643205 PMCID: PMC4027984 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2014.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, considerable advances have been made in the discovery of gene targets in metabolic diseases. However, in vivo studies based on molecular biological technologies such as the generation of knockout mice and the construction of short hairpin RNA vectors require considerable effort and time, which is a major limitation for in vivo functional analysis. Here, we introduce a liver-specific nonviral small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery system into rapid and efficient characterization of hepatic gene targets in metabolic disease mice. The comparative transcriptome analysis in liver between KKAy diabetic and normal control mice demonstrated that the expression of monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (Mogat1), an enzyme involved in triglyceride synthesis and storage, was highly elevated during the disease progression. The upregulation of Mogat1 expression in liver was also found in other genetic (db/db) and diet-induced obese mice. The silencing of hepatic Mogat1 via a liver-specific siRNA delivery system resulted in a dramatic improvement in blood glucose levels and hepatic steatosis as well as overweight with no apparent overall toxicities, indicating that hepatic Mogat1 is a promising therapeutic target for metabolic diseases. The integrated approach with transcriptomics and nonviral siRNA delivery system provides a blueprint for rapid drug discovery and development.
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30
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Freire JM, Veiga AS, Conceição TM, Kowalczyk W, Mohana-Borges R, Andreu D, Santos NC, Da Poian AT, Castanho MARB. Intracellular nucleic acid delivery by the supercharged dengue virus capsid protein. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81450. [PMID: 24339931 PMCID: PMC3855322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Supercharged proteins are a recently identified class of proteins that have the ability to efficiently deliver functional macromolecules into mammalian cells. They were first developed as bioengineering products, but were later found in the human proteome. In this work, we show that this class of proteins with unusually high net positive charge is frequently found among viral structural proteins, more specifically among capsid proteins. In particular, the capsid proteins of viruses from the Flaviviridae family have all a very high net charge to molecular weight ratio (> +1.07/kDa), thus qualifying as supercharged proteins. This ubiquity raises the hypothesis that supercharged viral capsid proteins may have biological roles that arise from an intrinsic ability to penetrate cells. Dengue virus capsid protein was selected for a detailed experimental analysis. We showed that this protein is able to deliver functional nucleic acids into mammalian cells. The same result was obtained with two isolated domains of this protein, one of them being able to translocate lipid bilayers independently of endocytic routes. Nucleic acids such as siRNA and plasmids were delivered fully functional into cells. The results raise the possibility that the ability to penetrate cells is part of the native biological functions of some viral capsid proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Miguel Freire
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Salomé Veiga
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Thaís M. Conceição
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wioleta Kowalczyk
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ronaldo Mohana-Borges
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - David Andreu
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuno C. Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andrea T. Da Poian
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Miguel A. R. B. Castanho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Yuan L, Liu C, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Zhou L, Qu D. Antitumor activity of tripterine via cell-penetrating peptide-coated nanostructured lipid carriers in a prostate cancer model. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:4339-50. [PMID: 24235831 PMCID: PMC3825686 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s51621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antitumor effect of cell-penetrating peptide-coated tripterine-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (CT-NLC) on prostate tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. METHODS CT-NLC were developed to improve the hydrophilicity of tripterine. The antiproliferative effects of CT-NLC, tripterine-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (T-NLC), and free tripterine in a human prostatic carcinoma cell line (PC-3) and a mouse prostate carcinoma cell line (RM-1) were evaluated using an MTT assay. The advantage of CT-NLC over T-NLC and free tripterine with regard to antitumor activity in vivo was evaluated in a prostate tumor-bearing mouse model. The induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 cytokine content was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine the effect of CT-NLC, T-NLC, and free tripterine on immune responses. Histologic and TUNEL assays were carried out to investigate the mechanisms of tumor necrosis and apoptosis. RESULTS CT-NLC, T-NLC, and free tripterine showed high antiproliferative activity in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 0.60, 0.81, and 1.02 μg/mL in the PC-3 cell line and 0.41, 0.54, and 0.89 μg/mL in the RM-1 cell line after 36 hours. In vivo, the tumor inhibition rates for cyclophosphamide, high-dose (4 mg/kg) and low-dose (2 mg/kg) tripterine, high-dose (4 mg/kg) and low-dose (2 mg/kg) T-NLC, high-dose (4 mg/kg) and low-dose (2 mg/kg) CT-NLC were 76.51%, 37.07%, 29.53%, 63.56%, 48.25%, 72.68%, and 54.50%, respectively, showing a dose-dependent pattern. The induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 cytokine content after treatment with CT-NLC and T-NLC was significantly higher than that of high-dose tripterine. Moreover, CT-NLC showed the expected advantage of inducing necrosis and apoptosis in prostate tumor cells. CONCLUSION CT-NLC noticeably enhanced antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo and showed dramatically improved cytotoxicity in normal cells in comparison with free tripterine. In summary, CT-NLC could be used as a promising drug delivery system for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Bruno BJ, Miller GD, Lim CS. Basics and recent advances in peptide and protein drug delivery. Ther Deliv 2013; 4:1443-67. [PMID: 24228993 PMCID: PMC3956587 DOI: 10.4155/tde.13.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 460] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While the peptide and protein therapeutic market has developed significantly in the past decades, delivery has limited their use. Although oral delivery is preferred, most are currently delivered intravenously or subcutaneously due to degradation and limited absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, absorption enhancers, enzyme inhibitors, carrier systems and stability enhancers are being studied to facilitate oral peptide delivery. Additionally, transdermal peptide delivery avoids the issues of the gastrointestinal tract, but also faces absorption limitations. Due to proteases, opsonization and agglutination, free peptides are not systemically stable without modifications. This review discusses oral and transdermal peptide drug delivery, focusing on barriers and solutions to absorption and stability issues. Methods to increase systemic stability and site-specific delivery are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Bruno
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of
Pharmacy, University of Utah. 30 South 2000 East, Room 301, Salt Lake City, UT
84112, USA
| | - Geoffrey D Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of
Pharmacy, University of Utah. 30 South 2000 East, Room 301, Salt Lake City, UT
84112, USA
| | - Carol S Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of
Pharmacy, University of Utah. 30 South 2000 East, Room 301, Salt Lake City, UT
84112, USA
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33
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Is there a future for cell-penetrating peptides in oligonucleotide delivery? Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 85:5-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Koenig O, Walker T, Perle N, Zech A, Neumann B, Schlensak C, Wendel HP, Nolte A. New aspects of gene-silencing for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2013; 6:881-914. [PMID: 24276320 PMCID: PMC3816708 DOI: 10.3390/ph6070881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD), mainly caused by atherosclerosis, represents the single leading cause of death in industrialized countries. Besides the classical interventional therapies new applications for treatment of vascular wall pathologies are appearing on the horizon. RNA interference (RNAi) represents a novel therapeutic strategy due to sequence-specific gene-silencing through the use of small interfering RNA (siRNA). The modulation of gene expression by short RNAs provides a powerful tool to theoretically silence any disease-related or disease-promoting gene of interest. In this review we outline the RNAi mechanisms, the currently used delivery systems and their possible applications to the cardiovascular system. Especially, the optimization of the targeting and transfection procedures could enhance the efficiency of siRNA delivery drastically and might open the way to clinical applicability. The new findings of the last years may show the techniques to new innovative therapies and could probably play an important role in treating CHD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Koenig
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Dept. of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstr. 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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35
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Trends in polymeric delivery of nucleic acids to tumors. J Control Release 2013; 170:209-18. [PMID: 23770011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of nucleic acids to tumors has received extensive attention in the past few decades since these molecules are capable of treating disease by modulating the source of abnormalities. Although high efficiency and low toxicity of numerous delivery systems for nucleic acids have been approved frequently with in vitro assays, contradictions have been observed in many cases between these results and what has occurred in the dynamic in vivo situation. Filling this gap seems to be crucial for further preclinical development of such systems. In this paper, we discuss various barriers which polymeric DNA or siRNA nanoparticles encounter upon systemic administration with an aim to assist in designing more relevant in vitro assays. Furthermore, individual considerations concerning delivery of DNA and siRNA have been addressed.
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36
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Abstract
The ability of cell-penetrating peptides to cross plasma membranes has been used for various applications, including the delivery of bioactive molecules to inhibit disease-producing cellular mechanisms. Selective drug delivery into target cells improves drug distribution and decreases dosing and toxicity. In this review, the authors outline the main challenges in the field, namely clarification of mechanisms of entry into cells, as well as current and future perspectives regarding cell-penetrating peptides application for human therapeutics. Here, the authors discuss some of the factors that influence efficacy of delivery and review the current status of preclinical studies and clinical trials involving the use of cell-penetrating peptide-mediated delivery of therapeutics.
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37
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Uchino K, Ochiya T, Takeshita F. RNAi therapeutics and applications of microRNAs in cancer treatment. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2013; 43:596-607. [PMID: 23592885 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyt052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference-based therapies are proving to be powerful tools for combating various diseases, including cancer. Scientists are researching the development of safe and efficient systems for the delivery of small RNA molecules, which are extremely fragile in serum, to target organs and cells in the human body. A dozen pre-clinical and clinical trials have been under way over the past few years involving biodegradable nanoparticles, lipids, chemical modification and conjugation. On the other hand, microRNAs, which control the balance of cellular biological processes, have been studied as attractive therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. In this review, we provide an overview of RNA interference-based therapeutics in clinical trials and discuss the latest technology for the systemic delivery of nucleic acid drugs. Furthermore, we focus on dysregulated microRNAs in human cancer, which have progressed in pre-clinical trials as therapeutic targets, and describe a wide range of strategies to control the expression levels of endogenous microRNAs. Further development of RNA interference technologies and progression of clinical trials will contribute to the achievement of practical applications of nucleic acid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Uchino
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1, Tsukiji 5-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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38
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Tan S, Li X, Guo Y, Zhang Z. Lipid-enveloped hybrid nanoparticles for drug delivery. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:860-872. [PMID: 23292080 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr32880a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanotechnology and material sciences have promoted the development of nanomedicine. Among the formulations developed, novel lipid-enveloped hybrid nanoparticles have attracted more attention because of their special structure, properties and clinical applicability. The hybrid nanoparticles are composed of a hydrophilic PEG shell, a nano-sized polymeric or inorganic core and a lipid mono- or bi-layer between the core and PEG shell. This kind of nanoparticle possesses both the characteristics of liposomes and nanoparticles which endows it with many advantages like long circulation, high drug loading efficiency, high stability and biocompatibility, controlled release properties, and drug cocktail delivery. This review describes the recent developments of lipid-enveloped hybrid nanoparticles in cancer treatment, including the fabrication methods, formulations and applications of these hybrid nanoparticles. We expect that the continuing development of lipid-based nanomedicine will greatly improve cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songwei Tan
- Tongji School of Pharmacy and National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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39
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Arukuusk P, Pärnaste L, Oskolkov N, Copolovici DM, Margus H, Padari K, Möll K, Maslovskaja J, Tegova R, Kivi G, Tover A, Pooga M, Ustav M, Langel U. New generation of efficient peptide-based vectors, NickFects, for the delivery of nucleic acids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1828:1365-73. [PMID: 23357356 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Harnessing of a branched structure is a novel approach in the design of cell-penetrating peptides and it has provided highly efficient transfection reagents for intracellular delivery of nucleic acids. The new stearylated TP10 analogs, NickFects, condense plasmid DNA, splice correcting oligonucleotides and short interfering RNAs into stable nanoparticles with a size of 62-160nm. Such nanoparticles have a negative surface charge (-11 to -18mV) in serum containing medium and enable highly efficient gene expression, splice correction and gene silencing. One of the novel peptides, NickFect51 is capable of transfecting plasmid DNA into a large variety of cell lines, including refractory suspension and primary cells and in several cases exceeds the transfection level of commercially available reagent Lipofectamine™ 2000 without any cytotoxic side effects. Additionally we demonstrate the advantages of NickFect51 in a protein production system, QMCF technology, for expression and production of recombinant proteins in hardly transfectable suspension cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piret Arukuusk
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
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40
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Sharma G, Modgil A, Layek B, Arora K, Sun C, Law B, Singh J. Cell penetrating peptide tethered bi-ligand liposomes for delivery to brain in vivo: Biodistribution and transfection. J Control Release 2013; 167:1-10. [PMID: 23352910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Targeted nano-particulate systems hold extraordinary potential for delivery of therapeutics across blood brain barrier (BBB). In this work, we investigated the potential of novel bi-ligand (transferrin-poly-l-arginine) liposomal vector for delivery of desired gene to brain, in vivo. The in vivo evaluation of the delivery vectors is essential for clinical translation. We followed an innovative approach of combining transferrin receptor targeting with enhanced cell penetration to design liposomal vectors for improving the transport of molecules into brain. The biodistribution profile of 1, 1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanine iodide(DiR)-labeled liposomes was evaluated in adult rats after single intravenous injection at dose of 15.2μmoles of phospholipids/kg body weight. We demonstrated that bi-ligand liposomes accumulated in rat brain at significantly (p<0.05) higher concentrations as compared to the single-ligand (transferrin) or plain liposomes. In addition, the bi-ligand liposomes resulted in increased expression of β-galactosidase(β-gal) plasmid in rat brain tissue in comparison to the single-ligand liposomes. Histological examination of the transfected tissues did not show any signs of tissue necrosis or inflammation. Hemolysis assay further authenticated the biocompatibility of bi-ligand liposomes in blood up to 600 nmoles of phospholipids/1.4×10(7) erythrocytes. The findings of this study provide important and detailed information regarding the distribution of bi-ligand liposomes in vivo and accentuate their ability to demonstrate improved brain penetration and transfection potential over single-ligand liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitanjali Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nursing, and Allied Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
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41
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The transfection activity of R8-modified nanoparticles and siRNA condensation using pH sensitive stearylated-octahistidine. Biomaterials 2013; 34:1337-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Erazo-Oliveras A, Muthukrishnan N, Baker R, Wang TY, Pellois JP. Improving the endosomal escape of cell-penetrating peptides and their cargos: strategies and challenges. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2012; 5:1177-1209. [PMID: 24223492 PMCID: PMC3816665 DOI: 10.3390/ph5111177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) can deliver cell-impermeable therapeutic cargos into cells. In particular, CPP-cargo conjugates tend to accumulate inside cells by endocytosis. However, they often remain trapped inside endocytic organelles and fail to reach the cytosolic space of cells efficiently. In this review, the evidence for CPP-mediated endosomal escape is discussed. In addition, several strategies that have been utilized to enhance the endosomal escape of CPP-cargos are described. The recent development of branched systems that display multiple copies of a CPP is presented. The use of viral or synthetic peptides that can disrupt the endosomal membrane upon activation by the low pH of endosomes is also discussed. Finally, we survey how CPPs labeled with chromophores can be used in combination with light to stimulate endosomal lysis. The mechanisms and challenges associated with these intracellular delivery methodologies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Philippe Pellois
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +1-979-845-0101; Fax: +1-979-862-4718
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43
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Whitehead KA, Matthews J, Chang PH, Niroui F, Dorkin JR, Severgnini M, Anderson DG. In vitro-in vivo translation of lipid nanoparticles for hepatocellular siRNA delivery. ACS NANO 2012; 6:6922-9. [PMID: 22770391 PMCID: PMC3429655 DOI: 10.1021/nn301922x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A significant challenge in the development of clinically viable siRNA delivery systems is a lack of in vitro-in vivo translatability: many delivery vehicles that are initially promising in cell culture do not retain efficacy in animals. Despite its importance, little information exists on the predictive nature of in vitro methodologies, most likely due to the cost and time associated with generating in vitro-in vivo data sets. Recently, high-throughput techniques have been developed that have allowed the examination of hundreds of lipid nanoparticle formulations for transfection efficiency in multiple experimental systems. The large resulting data set has allowed the development of correlations between in vitro and characterization data and in vivo efficacy for hepatocellular delivery vehicles. Consistency of formulation technique and the type of cell used for in vitro experiments was found to significantly affect correlations, with primary hepatocytes and HeLa cells yielding the most predictive data. Interestingly, in vitro data acquired using HeLa cells were more predictive of in vivo performance than mouse hepatoma Hepa1-6 cells. Of the characterization parameters, only siRNA entrapment efficiency was partially predictive of in vivo silencing potential, while zeta-potential and, surprisingly, nanoparticle size (when <300 nm) as measured by dynamic light scattering were not. These data provide guiding principles in the development of clinically viable siRNA delivery materials and have the potential to reduce experimental costs while improving the translation of materials into animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Matthews
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - Philip H. Chang
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - Farnaz Niroui
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | - Daniel G. Anderson
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to D.G.A. () 500 Main St., 76-653, Cambridge, MA 02139, 617-258-6843 (phone) and 617-258-8827 (fax)
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44
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Non-linear pharmacokinetics of octaarginine-modified lipid nanoparticles: Barriers from in vitro to in vivo. J Control Release 2012; 161:757-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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45
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The Effects of Cell Penetrating Peptides Structure Modification on Their siRNA Delivery Function in vitro and in vivo*. PROG BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1206.2012.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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46
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Järver P, Coursindel T, Andaloussi SEL, Godfrey C, Wood MJA, Gait MJ. Peptide-mediated Cell and In Vivo Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides and siRNA. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2012; 1:e27. [PMID: 23344079 PMCID: PMC3390225 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2012.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Järver
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Samir EL Andaloussi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Hudidnge, Sweden
| | - Caroline Godfrey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew JA Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael J Gait
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
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47
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El-Sayed A, Masuda T, Akita H, Harashima H. Stearylated INF7 Peptide Enhances Endosomal Escape and Gene Expression of PEGylated Nanoparticles both In Vitro and In Vivo. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:879-82. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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48
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Santos H, Bimbo L, Das Neves J, Sarmento B, INEB. Nanoparticulate targeted drug delivery using peptides and proteins. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012. [DOI: 10.1533/9780857096449.2.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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