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Garcia O’Farrill N, Abi Karam M, Villegas VM, Flynn HW, Grzybowski A, Schwartz SG. New Approaches to Overcoming Antimicrobial Resistance in Endophthalmitis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:321. [PMID: 38543107 PMCID: PMC10974156 DOI: 10.3390/ph17030321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Endophthalmitis is a rare but vision-threatening infection characterized by marked inflammation of intraocular fluids and tissues, uncommonly seen following surgery and intravitreal injection. Antimicrobials are used worldwide in the prophylaxis and treatment of bacterial and fungal infections of the eye and are standard treatment in the preoperative and postoperative care of surgical patients. However, antimicrobials are reported to be overprescribed in many parts of the world, which contributes to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). AMR complicates the prophylaxis and treatment of endophthalmitis. This article examines the prevalence and mechanisms of AMR in ocular microorganisms, emphasizing the importance of understanding AMR patterns for tailored treatments. It also explores prophylaxis and management strategies for endophthalmitis, with a discussion on the use of intracameral antibiotic administration. The use of prophylactic intracameral antibiotics during cataract surgery is common in many parts of the world but is still controversial in some locations, especially in the US. Finally, it highlights the role of stewardship in ophthalmology and its benefits in the treatment of endophthalmitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noraliz Garcia O’Farrill
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; (N.G.O.); (V.M.V.)
| | - Mariana Abi Karam
- Department of Ophthalmology, MetroHealth, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Victor M. Villegas
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; (N.G.O.); (V.M.V.)
| | - Harry W. Flynn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Foundation for Ophthalmology Development, 61-553 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Stephen G. Schwartz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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2
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Toffoletto N, Salema-Oom M, Nicoli S, Pescina S, González-Fernández FM, Pinto CA, Saraiva JA, Alves de Matos AP, Vivero-Lopez M, Huete-Toral F, Carracedo G, Saramago B, Serro AP. Dexamethasone phosphate and penetratin co-eluting contact lenses: a strategy to enhance ocular drug permeability. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123685. [PMID: 38072146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Contact lenses (CLs) have been suggested as drug delivery platforms capable of increasing the drug residence time on the cornea and therefore its bioavailability. However, when targeting the posterior segment of the eye, the drug released from CLs still encounters the barrier effect of the ocular tissues, which considerably reduces the efficacy of administration. This work aims at the development of CLs able to simultaneously deliver an anti-inflammatory drug (dexamethasone sodium phosphate) and a cell-penetrating peptide (penetratin), the latter acting as a drug carrier across the tissues. Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)-based hydrogels were functionalized with acrylic acid (AAc) and/or aminopropyl methacrylamide (APMA) to serve as CL materials with increased affinity for the drug and peptide. APMA-functionalized hydrogels sustained the dual release for 8 h, which is compatible with the wearing time of daily CLs. Hydrogels demonstrated suitable light transmittance, swelling capacity and in vitro biocompatibility. The anti-inflammatory activity of the drug was not compromised by the presence of the peptide nor by sterilization. The ocular distribution of the drug after 6 h of CL wearing was evaluated in vivo in rabbits and revealed that the amount of drug in the cornea and aqueous humor significantly increased when the drug was co-delivered with penetratin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Toffoletto
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Campus Universitario, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Madalena Salema-Oom
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Campus Universitario, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Sara Nicoli
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Silvia Pescina
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Felipe M González-Fernández
- ADDRes Lab, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Carlos A Pinto
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Jorge A Saraiva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - António P Alves de Matos
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Campus Universitario, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Maria Vivero-Lopez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Insititute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Fernando Huete-Toral
- Ocupharm Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, C/Arcos de Jalón 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gonzalo Carracedo
- Ocupharm Research Group, Department of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, C/Arcos de Jalón 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Benilde Saramago
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Ana Paula Serro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Campus Universitario, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal.
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3
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Borkenstein AF, Borkenstein EM. Clinical Performance of New Enhanced Monofocal Intraocular Lenses: Comparison of Hydrophobic C-loop and Hydrophilic Plate-Haptic Platform. Adv Ther 2023; 40:4561-4573. [PMID: 37584899 PMCID: PMC10499736 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-023-02635-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Enhanced monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) represent a new type of lens, which should lead to a very good distance vision similar to monofocal IOLs and an improved intermediate vision without increasing the risk for photic phenomena. METHODS The aim of this clinical observation/registry study was to directly compare two different IOL platforms (hydrophilic acrylic L-333 (group A) vs hydrophobic acrylic AN6Q (group B)) with the same enhanced monofocal optic principle but different material and haptic design in clinical routine. A total of 102 cataract cases (51:51) were included in the study. Groups A and B were similar regarding demographics, age (71.6 ± 9 years for L-333 and 73.6 ± 8 years for AN6Q) and their calculated IOL power (20.9 ± 2.0 D for L-333 and 21.5 ± 3.4 D for AN6Q). Spherical equivalent (SE), (un)corrected distance, intermediate visual acuity, the surgeons' experience and patient feedback were assessed postoperatively. RESULTS SE improved significantly in the AN6Q group, while the L-333 group showed a slightly smaller standard deviation postoperatively. In group A the uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) improved from pre-op (0.43 ± 0.16 logMAR) to 1 month post-op (0.06 ± 0.04 logMAR) significantly and in group B from pre-op (0.54 ± 0.19 logMAR) to (0.05 ± 0.06 logMAR) postoperatively. Both groups showed excellent outcomes for distance without negative side effects. On testing uncorrected intermediate vision (80 cm) with Radner charts, 80% reached line 5 (0.0 logRAD) with fewer than one mistake and 10% reached line 4 (- 0.1 logRAD) in group A; 74% reached line 5 with fewer than one mistake and 4% reached line 4 in group B. CONCLUSION Both IOL models (groups A and B) provided satisfying results regarding implantation behaviour, refractive error, visual acuity and overall patient satisfaction. The haptic design might influence the outcome of refractive error. Long-term follow-up data should be considered in multicentre studies to further characterize both platforms and to optimize IOL power calculation (constants, surgeon factor). It was shown that the enhanced monofocal optic can provide good visual acuity for far distance and improve intermediate distance. This type of new monofocal optic design, which however must be strictly separated from typical refractive/diffractive multifocal, presbyopia-correcting lenses, could be a good option in standard cataract care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas F Borkenstein
- Borkenstein & Borkenstein Private Practice, Privatklinik Der Kreuzschwestern Graz, Kreuzgasse 35, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Eva-Maria Borkenstein
- Borkenstein & Borkenstein Private Practice, Privatklinik Der Kreuzschwestern Graz, Kreuzgasse 35, 8010, Graz, Austria
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Li K, Yu L, Ma L, Xia J, Peng J, Hu P, Liu G, Ye J. Surface modification of commercial intraocular lens by zwitterionic and antibiotic-loaded coating for preventing postoperative endophthalmitis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 222:113093. [PMID: 36542949 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.113093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
After cataract surgery, to prevent possible postoperative endophthalmitis (POE) caused by attached pathogenic bacteria onto the surface of implanted intraocular lens (IOL), various antibiotic-loaded IOLs have been proposed and widely studied to inhibit bacterial infection. However, most of these developed antibiotic-loaded IOLs still suffer from shortcomings such as insufficient drug loading, short release time, poor biocompatibility, and risk of secondary infection. Herein, we propose a zwitterionic and high-drug loading coating for surface modification of commercial hydrophobic IOL with both antifouling and antibacterial properties to effectively prevent POE. In this strategy, zwitterionic poly(carboxylbetaine-co-dopamine methacrylamide) copolymers (pCBDA) and dopamine (DA) were first robustly co-deposited onto IOL surface via facile mussel-inspired chemistry, resulting in a hydrophilic coating (defined as PCB) without sacrificing the high light transmittance of the native IOL. Subsequently, amikacin (AMK), an amine-rich antibiotic was reversibly conjugated onto the coating through the acid-sensitive Schiff base bonds formed by the reaction between amino and catechol groups, with high-drug payload over ∼35.5 μg per IOL and 30 days of sustained drug release under weak acid environment. Benefiting from the antifouling property of zwitterionic pCBDA copolymers, the intraocularly implanted PCB/AMK-coated IOL could effectively resist the adhesion and proliferation of residual LECs to inhibit the development of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) without affecting the normal ocular tissues, demonstrating excellent in vivo biocompatibility. Moreover, the synergy of zwitterionic pCBDA and conjugated AMK with acidic-dependent release behavior endowed this PCB/AMK-coated IOL strong antibacterial activity against both in vitro biofilm formation and in vivo postoperative Staphylococcus aureus infection, suggesting its promising application in preventing POE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijun Li
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Li Ma
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jiali Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jinyu Peng
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Pan Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Gongyan Liu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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Lee K, Lee G, Lee S, Park CY. Advances in ophthalmic drug delivery technology for postoperative management after cataract surgery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:945-964. [PMID: 35917497 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2109624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cataract surgery is becoming more common due to an aging world population. Intraocular lenses and surgical technique have developed remarkably recently, but the development of postoperative medication to prevent postsurgery complications has been relatively delayed. We still largely depend on eye drops for the management of post-cataract-surgery patients. Mental and physical problems that often occur in elderly cataract patients make it difficult for patients to apply eye drops by themselves. It is necessary to develop new effective drug delivery methods. AREAS COVERED This updated review article provides a brief review of why drug management is needed following cataract surgery and an overview of current developments in new drug delivery methods for ophthalmic treatment. In particular, various novel drug delivery methods that can be used for post-cataract-surgery management and their current development stages are extensively reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Rapidly developing technologies, such as intraocular and external ophthalmic implants, polymers, and nanotechnology, are being actively applied to develop novel drug delivery systems for safe and effective management after cataract surgery. Their goal is to achieve sufficient drug release for the desired duration with a single application. These will largely replace the inconvenience of eye drops for elderly patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangmin Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Gahye Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Soomin Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Choul Yong Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
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6
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Ow V, Loh XJ. Recent developments of temperature‐responsive polymers for ophthalmic applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Ow
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Singapore Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Singapore Singapore
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7
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Kim DJ, Jung MY, Park JH, Pak HJ, Kim M, Chuck RS, Park CY. Moxifloxacin releasing intraocular implant based on a cross-linked hyaluronic acid membrane. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24115. [PMID: 34916593 PMCID: PMC8677739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03605-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraocular antibiotic delivery is an important technique to prevent bacterial infection after ophthalmic surgery, such as cataract surgery. Conventional drug delivery methods, such as antibiotic eye drops, have limitations for intraocular drug delivery due to the intrinsic barrier effect of the cornea. Therefore, frequent instillation of antibiotic eyedrops is necessary to reach a sufficient bactericidal concentration inside the eye. In this study, an intraocular implant, MXF-HA, that combines hyaluronic acid (HA) and moxifloxacin (MXF) was developed to increase the efficiency of intraocular drug delivery after surgery. MXF-HA is manufactured as a thin, transparent, yellow-tinted membrane. When inserted into the eye in a dry state, MXF-HA is naturally hydrated and settles in the eye, and the MXF contained therein is delivered by hydrolysis of the polymer over time. It was confirmed through in vivo experiments that MXF delivery was maintained in the anterior chamber of the eye at a concentration sufficient to inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus for more than 5 days after implantation. These results suggest that MXF-HA can be utilized as a potential drug delivery method for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections after ophthalmic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ju Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-Young Jung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University, Ilsan Hospital, 814, Siksadong, Ilsan-dong-gu, Goyang, Kyunggido, 410-773, South Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University, Ilsan Hospital, 814, Siksadong, Ilsan-dong-gu, Goyang, Kyunggido, 410-773, South Korea
| | - Ha-Jin Pak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University, Ilsan Hospital, 814, Siksadong, Ilsan-dong-gu, Goyang, Kyunggido, 410-773, South Korea
| | - Martha Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University, Ilsan Hospital, 814, Siksadong, Ilsan-dong-gu, Goyang, Kyunggido, 410-773, South Korea
| | - Roy S Chuck
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Choul Yong Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University, Ilsan Hospital, 814, Siksadong, Ilsan-dong-gu, Goyang, Kyunggido, 410-773, South Korea.
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8
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NIR-triggered drug delivery system for chemo-photothermal therapy of posterior capsule opacification. J Control Release 2021; 339:391-402. [PMID: 34563593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is the most common complication after cataract surgery and is likely to cause the second loss of vision. Pharmacological PCO prophylaxis has been proved to be effective, yet no clinical option is available due to the lack of a suitable mode of administration. In this work, we propose a unique concept of NIR dual-triggered drug release from black phosphorus (BP)-based implantable intraocular lens (IOL) for controlled drug release and chemo-photothermal combination therapy of PCO. Here, IOL is used as a "reservoir" of doxorubicin-loaded black phosphorus (BP-DOX), and BP is used as NIR activation agent for controlled drug release and photothermal therapy. This BP-DOX integrated IOL, namely BP-DOX@IOL, shows the characteristics of good transmittance, good mechanical property, NIR dual-triggered drug release behaviors, and excellent photothermal efficacy. In vivo studies reveal that there is no PCO occurrence in rabbits' model by using BP-DOX@IOL combined NIR irradiation, which exhibits distinct superiority on inhibiting PCO than the control group (100% PCO occurrence) 28 days post-surgery. This novel IOL drug delivery system would be a promising strategy for the future clinical application for PCO prophylaxis and treatment.
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Xiang Y, Jin R, Zhang Y, Li K, Liu G, Song X, Wang Y, Nie Y. Foldable Glistening-Free Acrylic Intraocular Lens Biomaterials with Dual-Side Heterogeneous Surface Modification for Postoperative Endophthalmitis and Posterior Capsule Opacification Prophylaxis. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3510-3521. [PMID: 34288655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) are widely used in cataract treatment for posterior capsule opacification (PCO) prophylaxis. However, undesired glistening and postoperative endophthalmitis are two major potential risks. Hence, a series of poly(2-phenoxyethyl methacrylate-co-2-phenoxyethyl acrylate-co-2-ethylhexyl methacrylate) (PPPE) acrylic IOL materials were synthesized for "glistening-free" optimization. The selected PPPE with 2% 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate showed excellent optical, foldable, and thermomechanical properties. The anterior surface of PPPE was coated with polydopamine followed by gentamycin conjugation (PDA/GS). It inhibited bacterial adhesion by 74% and decreased the biofilm thickness by 87%. In inflammatory mimicking conditions, bacterial proliferation was restrained, with acidic-dependent GS release behavior. The surface of PPPE toward the posterior capsule remained hydrophobic. It was conducive to human lens epithelial cell adhesion, collagen IV and fibronectin adsorption, and the following "sealed sandwich structure" formation. In summary, the PPPE with a dual-side heterogeneous surface displayed good application prospects in postoperative endophthalmitis and PCO prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Rongrong Jin
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Kaijun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Gongyan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xu Song
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Control of Tissue Regenerative Biomaterial & Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices & NMPA Research Base of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yunbing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yu Nie
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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10
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Toffoletto N, Salema-Oom M, Anguiano Igea S, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Saramago B, Serro AP. Drug-Loaded Hydrogels for Intraocular Lenses with Prophylactic Action against Pseudophakic Cystoid Macular Edema. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:976. [PMID: 34203367 PMCID: PMC8309109 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME), caused by chronic inflammation, is the most common cause of visual impairment in the medium-term after cataract surgery. Therefore, the prophylactic topical administration of combined steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is commonly done. Drug-eluting intraocular lenses (IOLs) gained interest as an efficient way to overcome the compliance issues related to the use of ocular drops without the need for additional surgical steps. The incorporation of functional monomers and molecular imprinting were herein applied to design hydrogels suitable as IOLs and able to co-deliver steroidal (dexamethasone sodium phosphate) and non-steroidal (bromfenac sodium) drugs. The incorporation of N-(2-aminopropyl) methacrylamide (APMA) increased the drug uptake and improved the in vitro release kinetics. Imprinting with bromfenac resulted in a decreased drug release due to permanent drug bonding, while imprinting with dexamethasone increased the amount of dexamethasone released after dual-drug loading. The application of a mathematical model to predict the in vivo drug release behavior suggests the feasibility of achieving therapeutic drug concentrations of bromfenac and dexamethasone in the aqueous humor for about 2 and 8 weeks, respectively, which is compatible with the current topical prophylaxis after cataract surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Toffoletto
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Avenue Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (B.S.); (A.P.S.)
| | - Madalena Salema-Oom
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Soledad Anguiano Igea
- HGBeyond Materials Science S.L., Edificio EMPRENDIA, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I + D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Benilde Saramago
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Avenue Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (B.S.); (A.P.S.)
| | - Ana Paula Serro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Avenue Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (B.S.); (A.P.S.)
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal;
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11
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Toffoletto N, Chauhan A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Saramago B, Serro AP. Asymmetry in Drug Permeability through the Cornea. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:694. [PMID: 34064834 PMCID: PMC8151369 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The permeability through the cornea determines the ability of a drug or any topically applied compound to cross the tissue and reach the intraocular area. Most of the permeability values found in the literature are obtained considering topical drug formulations, and therefore, refer to the drug permeability inward the eye. However, due to the asymmetry of the corneal tissue, outward drug permeability constitutes a more meaningful parameter when dealing with intraocular drug-delivery systems (i.e., drug-loaded intraocular lenses, intraocular implants or injections). Herein, the permeability coefficients of two commonly administered anti-inflammatory drugs (i.e., bromfenac sodium and dexamethasone sodium) were determined ex vivo using Franz diffusion cells and porcine corneas in both inward and outward configurations. A significantly higher drug accumulation in the cornea was detected in the outward direction, which is consistent with the different characteristics of the corneal layers. Coherently, a higher permeability coefficient was obtained for bromfenac sodium in the outward direction, but no differences were detected for dexamethasone sodium in the two directions. Drug accumulation in the cornea can prolong the therapeutic effect of intraocular drug-release systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Toffoletto
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (B.S.); (A.P.S.)
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Anuj Chauhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA;
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Benilde Saramago
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (B.S.); (A.P.S.)
| | - Ana Paula Serro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (B.S.); (A.P.S.)
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
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12
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Atorvastatin-Eluting Contact Lenses: Effects of Molecular Imprinting and Sterilization on Drug Loading and Release. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050606. [PMID: 33922123 PMCID: PMC8143582 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins are receiving increasing attention in the ophthalmic field. Their activity as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl–CoA (HMG–CoA) reductase inhibitors is clinically used to regulate cholesterol levels and leads to pleiotropic effects, which may help in the management of diabetes-related ocular pathologies. This work aims to design bioinspired contact lenses (CLs) with an affinity for atorvastatin by mimicking the active site of HMG–CoA reductase. Sets of imprinted and nonimprinted 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) hydrogels were synthesized, varying the contents in functional monomers that bear chemical groups that resemble those present in HMG–CoA reductase, namely, ethylene glycol phenyl ether methacrylate (EGPEM), 2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride (AEMA), and N-(3-aminopropyl) methacrylamide hydrochloride (APMA). The hydrogels were characterized in terms of suitability as CLs (solvent uptake, light transmission, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility) and capability to load and release atorvastatin. Three sterilization protocols (steam heat, gamma radiation, and high hydrostatic pressure) were implemented and their effects on hydrogel properties were evaluated. Copolymerization of AEMA and, particularly, APMA endowed the hydrogels with a high affinity for atorvastatin (up to 11 mg/g; KN/W > 200). Only high hydrostatic pressure sterilization preserved atorvastatin stability and hydrogel performance. Permeability studies through the porcine cornea and sclera tissues revealed that the amount of atorvastatin accumulated in the cornea and sclera could be effective to treat ocular surface diseases.
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13
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Intraocular lenses as drug delivery devices. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120613. [PMID: 33865952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cataract surgery is one of the most common and safe surgical procedures nowadays. However, it is not free of risks as endophthalmitis, ocular inflammation and posterior capsule opacification (PCO) can appear as post-surgery complications. The usual eye drop therapy used as prophylaxis for the former two complications has limited bioavailability. In turn, the prevention of PCO involves an adequate surgical technique and a careful choice of intraocular lens (IOL) design and material. Also, different drugs have been tested to reduce incidence of PCO, but no prophylaxis demonstrated to be completely effective. In the past few years, IOLs have been proposed as drug delivery devices to replace or/assist the usual eye drop therapy in the post-operatory period. The great advantage of drug loaded IOLs would be to ensure a continuous drug delivery, independent of patient's compliance without requiring any further action besides IOL implantation. The biggest challenge of drug loaded IOLs production is to achieve a controlled and extended release that meet therapeutic needs without inducing toxicity to the surrounding ocular tissues or affecting the physical properties of the lens. This review starts by addressing the possible complications after cataract surgery, as well as the most commonly adopted prophylaxis for each of them. The various types of IOLs are described and their main advantages/disadvantages are discussed. The different strategies pursued to incorporate drugs into the IOLs and control their release, which include soaking the IOL in the drugs solution, supercritical impregnation, surface modifications, and attachment of drug reservoirs to the IOL, among others, are reported. For each strategy, a summary of the publications is presented, which includes the target complication, the types and amounts of released drugs and the IOL materials. A brief description of each individual study is given afterwards. Optimization of drug loaded IOLs through mathematical modelling and possible issues raised by their sterilization are also tackled. At the end, the future commercialization of drug loaded IOLs is commented.
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14
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Topete A, Barahona I, Santos LF, Pinto CA, Saraiva JA, Paula Serro A, Saramago B. The effects of addition of functional monomers and molecular imprinting on dual drug release from intraocular lens material. Int J Pharm 2021; 600:120513. [PMID: 33766642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although cataract surgery is considered a safe procedure, post-surgery complications such as endophthalmitis and ocular inflammation, may occur. To prevent this, antibiotics and anti-inflammatories are prescribed in the form of eye drops during the post-operatory period, but they lead to a low drug bioavailability in target tissues. The objective of this work is to develop an intraocular lens (IOL) material to deliver simultaneously one antibiotic, moxifloxacin (MXF), and one anti-inflammatory, diclofenac (DFN), in therapeutic concentrations to prevent both complications. The IOL material was modified through the incorporation of functional monomers, as well as molecular imprinting with both drugs using the same functional monomers, namely acrylic acid (AA), methacrylic acid (MAA), 4-vinylpiridine (4-VP) and a combination of MAA + 4-VP. The best results were obtained with MAA. Molecular imprinting did not influence the drug release, except with AA. Application of a mathematical model predicted that the released MXF and DFN concentrations would stay above the pre-determined MIC of S. aureus and S. epidermidis and the minimum values of IC50 of COX-1 and COX-2, for 9 and 14 days, respectively. Antibacterial tests showed that the released antibiotic remained active. The physical properties of the drug-loaded MAA-hydrogel remained adequate. The developed system proved to be non-irritant and non-cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Topete
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Barahona
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Luís F Santos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos A Pinto
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jorge A Saraiva
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Serro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Benilde Saramago
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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15
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Silva D, de Sousa HC, Gil MH, Santos LF, Oom MS, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Saramago B, Serro AP. Moxifloxacin-imprinted silicone-based hydrogels as contact lens materials for extended drug release. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 156:105591. [PMID: 33065225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Contact lenses may act as drug release platforms for the treatment of ocular infections, but there is still the need for extending their typical release periods and enhancing ocular bioavailability. The present study aimed to develop a molecularly imprinted silicone-based hydrogel to be used in the manufacturing of contact lenses that can be loaded efficiently and be able to release the antibiotic moxifloxacin hydrochloride (MXF) in a sustained way. A set of hydrogels was prepared by the molecular imprinting method using acrylic acid (AA) as the functional monomer for the specific recognition of MXF. The modified hydrogels loaded a higher amount of MXF, which was released for a longer time. In vitro experiments, using a microfluidic cell to mimic the ocular surface fluid turnover, showed that the imprinted hydrogel TRIS(300)-I prepared with the highest content in AA led to MXF concentrations in the release medium which were effective against S. aureus and S. epidermidis for about 2 weeks. Furthermore, some important properties such as water uptake, wettability, transmittance, ionic permeability, and Young´s modulus of the modified hydrogel remained within the range of values recommended for contact lenses. No cytotoxicity and no potential ocular irritancy effect were detected. Such hydrogel seems to be a promising alternative to the current options for the treatment of ocular infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Silva
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hermínio C de Sousa
- Univ Coimbra, CIEPQPF, FCTUC, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II - Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra
| | - Maria Helena Gil
- Univ Coimbra, CIEPQPF, FCTUC, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II - Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra
| | - Luís F Santos
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Madalena Salema Oom
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz,2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Benilde Saramago
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Serro
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.; Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz,2829-511 Caparica, Portugal.
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16
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Toffoletto N, Saramago B, Serro AP. Therapeutic Ophthalmic Lenses: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2020; 13:36. [PMID: 33379411 PMCID: PMC7824655 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing incidence of eye diseases has been registered in the last decades in developed countries due to the ageing of population, changes in lifestyle, environmental factors, and the presence of concomitant medical conditions. The increase of public awareness on ocular conditions leads to an early diagnosis and treatment, as well as an increased demand for more effective and minimally invasive solutions for the treatment of both the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. Despite being the most common route of ophthalmic drug administration, eye drops are associated with compliance issues, drug wastage by lacrimation, and low bioavailability due to the ocular barriers. In order to overcome these problems, the design of drug-eluting ophthalmic lenses constitutes a non-invasive and patient-friendly approach for the sustained drug delivery to the eye. Several examples of therapeutic contact lenses and intraocular lenses have been developed, by means of different strategies of drug loading, leading to promising results. This review aims to report the recent advances in the development of therapeutic ophthalmic lenses for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of eye pathologies (i.e., glaucoma, cataract, corneal diseases, or posterior segment diseases) and it gives an overview of the future perspectives and challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Toffoletto
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (B.S.); (A.P.S.)
| | - Benilde Saramago
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (B.S.); (A.P.S.)
| | - Ana Paula Serro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (B.S.); (A.P.S.)
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
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17
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Mylona I, Tsinopoulos I. A Critical Appraisal of New Developments in Intraocular Lens Modifications and Drug Delivery Systems for the Prevention of Cataract Surgery Complications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E448. [PMID: 33302370 PMCID: PMC7762578 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cataract surgery is the commonest ophthalmic surgery worldwide. The replacement of the diseased lens with a synthetic one (intraocular lens-IOL) remains the treatment of choice, despite its potential complications that include infection, inflammation and posterior capsule opacification. The potential for drug delivery via the IOL has been researched extensively over a period of twenty-five years, yet there is very limited progress in transferring the findings from research to everyday practice. The objective of this review is to assess the progress made in the field of IOL lens modifications and drug delivery systems over the past five years. Thirty-six studies that were conducted during the past five years were identified and deemed suitable for inclusion. They were grouped in three broad categories, studies that described new methods for loading a drug onto the IOL, assessment of the effects of drugs that were loaded to the IOL and studies that assessed the effects of non-pharmaceutical modifications of IOLs. While considerable progress is continually being made with regard to methods and materials, there is still little capitalization upon these research studies, with no commercially available IOL-based drug delivery system being available. Close cooperation between researchers in basic sciences (chemistry, physics, materials science and pharmacy), clinical researchers, IOL manufacturers and the pharmaceutical industry is an important prerequisite for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Mylona
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 564 29 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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18
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Silva D, de Sousa HC, Gil MH, Santos LF, Amaral RA, Saraiva JA, Salema-Oom M, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Serro AP, Saramago B. Imprinted hydrogels with LbL coating for dual drug release from soft contact lenses materials. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 120:111687. [PMID: 33545849 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A combined strategy to control the release of two drugs, one anti-inflammatory (diclofenac sodium, DCF) and one antibiotic (moxifloxacin hydrochloride, MXF), from a soft contact lens (SCL) material, was assessed. The material was a silicone-based hydrogel, which was modified by molecular imprinting with MXF and coated by the layer-by-layer (LbL) method using natural polyelectrolytes: alginate (ALG), poly-l-lysine (PLL) and hyaluronate (HA), crosslinked with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC). Imprinting was used to increase the amount of MXF loaded and to sustain its release, while the LbL coating acted as a diffusion barrier for DCF and improved the surface properties. The drugs were loaded by soaking in a DCF + MXF dual solution. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) was successfully applied in the sterilization of the drug-loaded hydrogels. The transmittance, refractive index, wettability and ionic permeability of the hydrogels remained within the required levels for SCLs application. The concentrations of the released DCF and MXF stayed above the IC50 and the MIC (for S. aureus and S. epidermidis) values, for 9 and 10 days, respectively. No ocular irritancy was detected by the HET-CAM test. NIH/3T3 cell viability demonstrated that the drug-loaded hydrogels were not toxic, and cell adhesion was reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Silva
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hermínio C de Sousa
- CIEPQPF, Chemical Engineering Department, FCTUC, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II - Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Gil
- CIEPQPF, Chemical Engineering Department, FCTUC, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II - Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís F Santos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Renata A Amaral
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jorge A Saraiva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Madalena Salema-Oom
- CIIEM, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Paula Serro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; CIIEM, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Benilde Saramago
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
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19
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Xiang Y, Zou M, Zhang Y, Jin R, Nie Y. Drug-loaded and Blue-ray Filtered Hydrogel as a Potential Intraocular Lens for Cataract Treatment. Pharm Nanotechnol 2020; 8:302-312. [PMID: 32167435 DOI: 10.2174/2211738508666200313144112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Indomethacin (IND) is a class of non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory
drugs, which is used to treat various kinds of ocular inflammation, and has been reported to
prevent posterior capsule opacification (PCO) by inhibiting the mitosis and collagen synthesis
of human lens epithelial cells (LECs). In addition, the specific absorption spectrum of indomethacin
shows the effect of absorbing short-wavelength blue-violet light.
Objective:
We prepared an indomethacin-loaded hydrogel as a potential intraocular lens (IOLs)
material to prevent endophthalmitis, PCO and filter harmful blue light.
Methods:
Indomethacin prodrugs (HEMA-IND) (HI) were prepared by esterification of indomethacin
and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and poly (HEMA-co-MAA-co-MMA-co-
HI) (HAMI) hydrogels were prepared by free-radical polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
(HEMA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), methacrylic acid (MAA) and HI. The physical
and chemical properties of obtained hydrogel were detected, including optical, morphology,
thermomechanical and surface properties, equilibrium water content, drug release behaviors and
cytotoxicity.
Results:
HAMI hydrogels can filter harmful short-wavelength blue light and show other necessary
properties like visible light transparency, glass transition temperatures, mechanical
strength, and biocompatibility for making intraocular lenses. Meanwhile, MAA increases the
hydrophilicity of the hydrogels, resulting in a lower water contact angle and controllable drug
release from the hydrogels.
Conclusion:
In summary, HAMI hydrogels show a great potential as IOL biomaterials that can
maintain the sustained release of indomethacin and filter harmful blue light after cataract surgery.
Lay Summary:
People with cataract surgery can be at high risk of postoperative complications,
such as PCO and postoperative endophthalmitis. Moreover, early IOLs allowed all ultraviolet
(UV) and visible light to pass through retina without restriction, thus to damage the retina and
the retinal pigment epithelium, which may lead to retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration
(AMD). Herein, we sought to design and prepare a kind of IOLs loaded with indomethacin
to mitigate those postoperative complications and filter harmful blue light to improve the
treatment prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengwei Zou
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongrong Jin
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Nie
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Topete A, Tang J, Ding X, Filipe HP, Saraiva JA, Serro AP, Lin Q, Saramago B. Dual drug delivery from hydrophobic and hydrophilic intraocular lenses: in-vitro and in-vivo studies. J Control Release 2020; 326:245-255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Topete A, Pinto CA, Barroso H, Saraiva JA, Barahona I, Saramago B, Serro AP. High Hydrostatic Pressure as Sterilization Method for Drug-Loaded Intraocular Lenses. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4051-4061. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Topete
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos A. Pinto
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Helena Barroso
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jorge A. Saraiva
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Isabel Barahona
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Benilde Saramago
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Serro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
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22
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Optimization of intraocular lens hydrogels for dual drug release: Experimentation and modelling. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 141:51-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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