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Wong G, Lam E, Karam I, Yee C, Drost L, Tam S, Lam H, McCarvell A, McKenzie E, Chow E. The impact of smoking on adjuvant breast cancer radiation treatment: A systematic review. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2020; 24:100185. [PMID: 32593846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2020.100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of cigarette smoking on cancer risk has been well-studied. Similarly, exposure to ionizing radiation from radiotherapy (RT) can produce detrimental effects on an individual's health. In patients administered RT, there has been an observed relationship in other primary carcinomas. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the influence of cigarette smoking on outcomes post adjuvant RT in breast cancer patients. METHODS OVID Medline, Cochrane and Embase were searched and 1893 articles were identified. A total of 71 articles were included in the review. Study type, published year and sample size, age, systemic therapies, RT techniques and treatment side effects were collected if available. RESULTS The review found 198 different outcomes which fell into 7 categories and similar outcomes were recorded. 40% of skin reaction outcomes, 50% of cardiovascular outcomes, 71% of reconstruction outcomes, 29% of pulmonary function outcomes, 33% of mortality outcomes and 42% of secondary recurrence outcomes reported significant differences between smokers and non-smokers. None of the articles reported non-smokers to have a higher risk than smokers. CONCLUSION Cigarette smoking can pose a higher risk of post-treatment complications that can influence an individual's quality of life, survival rate and/or recurrence risk. This review further assessed the impact of smoking on various patient outcomes and side-effects in the adjuvant breast RT setting. The information provided in this review suggest that smoking cessation programs would help educate patients to understand their risks of being a current or former smoker when undergoing RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Wong
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily Lam
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irene Karam
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Caitlin Yee
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leah Drost
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samantha Tam
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Henry Lam
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alyson McCarvell
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erin McKenzie
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward Chow
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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