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Kumar A, Middha SK, Menon SV, Paital B, Gokarn S, Nelli M, Rajanikanth RB, Chandra HM, Mugunthan SP, Kantwa SM, Usha T, Hati AK, Venkatesan D, Rajendran A, Behera TR, Venkatesamurthy S, Sahoo DK. Current Challenges of Vaccination in Fish Health Management. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2692. [PMID: 39335281 DOI: 10.3390/ani14182692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is an essential method of immunological preventive care required for the health management of all animals, including fish. More particularly, immunization is necessary for in-land aquaculture to manage diseases in fish broodstocks and healthy seed production. According to the latest statistics in 2020, 90.3 million tons of capture fishery production was achieved from the aquaculture sector. Out of the above, 78.8 million tons were from marine water aquaculture sectors, and 11.5 million tons were from inland water aquaculture sectors. About a 4% decline in fish production was achieved in 2020 in comparison to 2018 from inland aquaculture sectors. On the other hand, the digestive protein content, healthy fats, and nutritional values of fish products are comparatively more affordable than in other meat sources. In 2014, about 10% of aquatic cultured animals were lost (costing global annual losses > USD 10 billion) due to infectious diseases. Therefore, vaccination in fish, especially in broodstocks, is one of the essential approaches to stop such losses in the aquaculture sector. Fish vaccines consist of whole-killed pathogens, protein subunits, recombinant proteins, DNA, or live-attenuated vaccines. Challenges persist in the adaption of vaccination in the aquaculture sector, the route of administration, the use of effective adjuvants, and, most importantly, the lack of effective results. The use of autogenous vaccines; vaccination via intramuscular, intraperitoneal, or oral routes; and, most importantly, adding vaccines in feed using top dressing methods or as a constituent in fish feed are now emerging. These methods will lower the risk of using antibiotics in cultured water by reducing environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avnish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Agra 282004, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Middha
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, 18th Cross, Malleswaram, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Soumya Vettiyatil Menon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, Jain University, #34 JC Road, Bangalore 560027, India
| | - Biswaranjan Paital
- Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Shyam Gokarn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, Jain University, #34 JC Road, Bangalore 560027, India
| | - Meghana Nelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, Jain University, #34 JC Road, Bangalore 560027, India
| | | | - Harish Mani Chandra
- Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore 632115, India
| | | | - Sanwar Mal Kantwa
- Department of Zoology, B. S. Memorial P.G. College, NH 52, Ranoli, Sikar 332403, India
| | - Talambedu Usha
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, 18th Cross, Malleswaram, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Akshaya Kumar Hati
- Dr. Abhin Chandra Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Homeopathic College Rd., Unit 3, Kharvela Nagar, Bhubaneswar 751001, India
| | | | - Abira Rajendran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, Jain University, #34 JC Road, Bangalore 560027, India
| | - Tapas Ranjan Behera
- Department of Community Medicine, Fakir Mohan Medical College and Hospital, Januganj Rd., Kalidaspur, Balia, Balasore 756019, India
| | - Swarupa Venkatesamurthy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, Jain University, #34 JC Road, Bangalore 560027, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Paquete-Ferreira J, Freire F, Fernandes HS, Muthukumaran J, Ramos J, Bryton J, Panjkovich A, Svergun D, Santos MFA, Correia MAS, Fernandes AR, Romão MJ, Sousa SF, Santos-Silva T. Structural insights of an LCP protein-LytR-from Streptococcus dysgalactiae subs. dysgalactiae through biophysical and in silico methods. Front Chem 2024; 12:1379914. [PMID: 39170866 PMCID: PMC11337229 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1379914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains has become a critical health concern. According to the World Health Organization, the market introduction of new antibiotics is alarmingly sparse, underscoring the need for novel therapeutic targets. The LytR-CpsA-Psr (LCP) family of proteins, which facilitate the insertion of cell wall glycopolymers (CWGPs) like teichoic acids into peptidoglycan, has emerged as a promising target for antibiotic development. LCP proteins are crucial in bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, making them attractive for disrupting these processes. This study investigated the structural and functional characteristics of the LCP domain of LytR from Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae. The protein structure was solved by X-ray Crystallography at 2.80 Å resolution. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data were collected to examine potential conformational differences between the free and ligand-bound forms of the LytR LCP domain. Additionally, docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to predict the interactions and conversion of ATP to ADP and AMP. Experimental validation of these predictions was performed using malachite green activity assays. The determined structure of the LCP domain revealed a fold highly similar to those of homologous proteins while SAXS data indicated potential conformational differences between the ligand-free and ligand-bound forms, suggesting a more compact conformation during catalysis, upon ligand binding. Docking and MD simulations predicted that the LytR LCP domain could interact with ADP and ATP and catalyze their conversion to AMP. These predictions were experimentally validated by malachite green activity assays, confirming the protein's functional versatility. The study provides significant insights into the structural features and functional capabilities of the LCP domain of LytR from S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae. These findings pave the way for designing targeted therapies against antibiotic-resistant bacteria and offer strategies to disrupt bacterial biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paquete-Ferreira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Filipe Freire
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Henrique S. Fernandes
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jayaraman Muthukumaran
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - João Ramos
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Joana Bryton
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alejandro Panjkovich
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dmitri Svergun
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marino F. A. Santos
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Márcia A. S. Correia
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandra R. Fernandes
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria João Romão
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Sérgio F. Sousa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Santos-Silva
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
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3
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Alves-Barroco C, Brito PH, Santos-Sanches I, Fernandes AR. Phylogenetic analysis and accessory genome diversity reveal insight into the evolutionary history of Streptococcus dysgalactiae. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:952110. [PMID: 35928143 PMCID: PMC9343751 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.952110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus dysgalactiae (SD) is capable of infecting both humans and animals and causing a wide range of invasive and non-invasive infections. With two subspecies, the taxonomic status of subspecies of SD remains controversial. Subspecies equisimilis (SDSE) is an important human pathogen, while subspecies dysgalactiae (SDSD) has been considered a strictly animal pathogen; however, occasional human infections by this subspecies have been reported in the last few years. Moreover, the differences between the adaptation of SDSD within humans and other animals are still unknown. In this work, we provide a phylogenomic analysis based on the single-copy core genome of 106 isolates from both the subspecies and different infected hosts (animal and human hosts). The accessory genome of this species was also analyzed for screening of genes that could be specifically involved with adaptation to different hosts. Additionally, we searched putatively adaptive traits among prophage regions to infer the importance of transduction in the adaptation of SD to different hosts. Core genome phylogenetic relationships segregate all human SDSE in a single cluster separated from animal SD isolates. The subgroup of bovine SDSD evolved from this later clade and harbors a specialized accessory genome characterized by the presence of specific virulence determinants (e.g., cspZ) and carbohydrate metabolic functions (e.g., fructose operon). Together, our results indicate a host-specific SD and the existence of an SDSD group that causes human–animal cluster infections may be due to opportunistic infections, and that the exact incidence of SDSD human infections may be underestimated due to failures in identification based on the hemolytic patterns. However, more detailed research into the isolation of human SD is needed to assess whether it is a carrier phenomenon or whether the species can be permanently integrated into the human microbiome, making it ready to cause opportunistic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia Alves-Barroco
- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit (UCIBIO), Departamento de Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Costa da Caparica, Portugal
- i4HB, Associate Laboratory – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Costa da Caparica, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Cinthia Alves-Barroco,
| | - Patrícia H. Brito
- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit (UCIBIO), Departamento de Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Costa da Caparica, Portugal
- i4HB, Associate Laboratory – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Costa da Caparica, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Patrícia H. Brito,
| | - Ilda Santos-Sanches
- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit (UCIBIO), Departamento de Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Costa da Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandra R. Fernandes
- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit (UCIBIO), Departamento de Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Costa da Caparica, Portugal
- i4HB, Associate Laboratory – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Costa da Caparica, Portugal
- Alexandra R. Fernandes,
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Pesapane R, Chaves A, Foley J, Javeed N, Barnum S, Greenwald K, Dodd E, Fontaine C, Duignan P, Murray M, Miller M. Nasopulmonary mites (Acari: Halarachnidae) as potential vectors of bacterial pathogens, including Streptococcus phocae, in marine mammals. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270009. [PMID: 35709209 PMCID: PMC9202935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopulmonary mites (NPMs) of the family Halarachnidae are obligate endoparasites that colonize the respiratory tracts of mammals. NPMs damage surface epithelium resulting in mucosal irritation, respiratory illness, and secondary infection, yet the role of NPMs in facilitating pathogen invasion or dissemination between hosts remains unclear. Using 16S rRNA massively parallel amplicon sequencing of six hypervariable regions (or "16S profiling"), we characterized the bacterial community of NPMs from 4 southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis). This data was paired with detection of a priority pathogen, Streptococcus phocae, from NPMs infesting 16 southern sea otters and 9 California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) using nested conventional polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). The bacteriome of assessed NPMs was dominated by Mycoplasmataceae and Vibrionaceae, but at least 16 organisms with pathogenic potential were detected as well. Importantly, S. phocae was detected in 37% of NPM by nPCR and was also detected by 16S profiling. Detection of multiple organisms with pathogenic potential in or on NPMs suggests they may act as mechanical vectors of bacterial infection for marine mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Pesapane
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Andrea Chaves
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Janet Foley
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Nadia Javeed
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Samantha Barnum
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Katherine Greenwald
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Erin Dodd
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Christine Fontaine
- The Marine Mammal Center, Sausalito, California, United States of America
| | - Padraig Duignan
- The Marine Mammal Center, Sausalito, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Murray
- Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, California, United States of America
| | - Melissa Miller
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
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5
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Standish I, McCann R, Puzach C, Leis E, Bailey J, Dziki S, Katona R, Lark E, Edwards C, Keesler B, Reichley S, King S, Knupp C, Harrison C, Loch T, Phillips K. Development of duplex qPCR targeting Carnobacterium maltaromaticum and Vagococcus salmoninarum. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:667-677. [PMID: 35195301 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In November 2018, Vagococcus salmoninarum was identified as the causative agent of a chronic coldwater streptococcosis epizootic in broodstock brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) at the Iron River National Fish Hatchery in Wisconsin, USA. By February 2019, the epizootic spread to adjacent raceways containing broodstock lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), whereby fish were found to be coinfected with Carnobacterium maltaromaticum and V. salmoninarum. To differentiate these two pathogens and determine the primary cause of the lake trout morbidity, a quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was developed targeting the C. maltaromaticum phenylalanyl-tRNA synthase alpha subunit (pheS) gene. The qPCR was combined with a V. salmoninarum qPCR, creating a duplex qPCR assay that simultaneously quantitates C. maltaromaticum and V. salmoninarum concentrations in individual lake trout tissues, and screens presumptive isolates from hatchery inspections and wild fish from national fish hatchery source waters throughout the Great Lakes basin. Vagococcus salmoninarum and C. maltaromaticum were co-detected in broodstock brook trout from two tribal hatcheries and C. maltaromaticum was present in wild fish in source waters of several national fish hatcheries. This study provides a powerful new tool to differentiate and diagnose two emerging Gram-positive bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Standish
- La Crosse Fish Health Center, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rebekah McCann
- La Crosse Fish Health Center, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Corey Puzach
- La Crosse Fish Health Center, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Eric Leis
- La Crosse Fish Health Center, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jennifer Bailey
- La Crosse Fish Health Center, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sara Dziki
- La Crosse Fish Health Center, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ryan Katona
- La Crosse Fish Health Center, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ellen Lark
- La Crosse Fish Health Center, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Carey Edwards
- Iron River National Fish Hatchery, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Iron River, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brandon Keesler
- Iron River National Fish Hatchery, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Iron River, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Stephen Reichley
- Clear Springs Foods, Buhl, Idaho, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Global Center for Aquatic Food Security, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
| | | | - Christopher Knupp
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Courtney Harrison
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas Loch
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Kenneth Phillips
- La Crosse Fish Health Center, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
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Zabidi A, Yusoff FM, Amin N, Yaminudin NJM, Puvanasundram P, Karim MMA. Effects of Probiotics on Growth, Survival, Water Quality and Disease Resistance of Red Hybrid Tilapia ( Oreochromis spp.) Fingerlings in a Biofloc System. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123514. [PMID: 34944289 PMCID: PMC8697905 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Streptococcosis, a warm-water pathogenic bacteria, has greatly affected red hybrid tilapia production in Malaysia over the years, causing mass mortality in various culture systems. Probiotics have been used to treat and prevent bacterial diseases, including streptococcosis, yet they require constant application to ensure that their concentration is adequate. Incorporating probiotics in a biofloc system may reduce this issue as the effective microorganism may further flourish and be utilized by the fish. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the influence of probiotic addition on the growth performance and water quality of red hybrid tilapia. From the study, it was observed that a probiotic mix was able to inhibit Streptococcus spp., improve red hybrid tilapia performance and disease resistance against streptococcosis. Providing a beneficial mix of probiotics can effectively improve biofloc culture in red hybrid tilapia culture. Abstract Biofloc technology has shown positive effects in aquaculture, especially on the growth performance of cultured animals. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of adding different probiotic strains in a biofloc system on the growth performance and disease resistance of red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis spp.). Three different probiotics (Lysinibacillus fusiformis SPS11, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens L9, and Enterococcus hirae LAB3), commercial probiotics (MG1) and a mixed probiotics (MP) combining all three strains were used in this study. The in vitro assay results showed that the mixed probiotic (MP) was able to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus iniae significantly compared to the single and commercial probiotic. The efficacy of MP was further tested in in vivo tilapia culture challenged with S. agalactiae. The best specific growth rate (3.73 ± 0.23% day−1) and feed conversion ratio (0.76 ± 0.04) were recorded in the group of biofloc with addition of MP. After being challenged with S. agalactiae, the group of biofloc with MP had significantly higher survival (83 ± 1.43%) compared to the other groups. Furthermore, the nitrogen concentration (NO2-N and NH4-N) was significantly lower in all the biofloc groups compared to the control. Hence, the addition of probiotics was able to provide beneficial effects to red hybrid tilapia culture in the biofloc system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimi Zabidi
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (A.Z.); (F.M.Y.); (N.A.); (N.J.M.Y.)
| | - Fatimah Md Yusoff
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (A.Z.); (F.M.Y.); (N.A.); (N.J.M.Y.)
- Laboratory of Sustainable Aquaculture, International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Port Dickson 71050, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Amin
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (A.Z.); (F.M.Y.); (N.A.); (N.J.M.Y.)
- Laboratory of Sustainable Aquaculture, International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Port Dickson 71050, Malaysia
| | - Nur Jasmin Mohd Yaminudin
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (A.Z.); (F.M.Y.); (N.A.); (N.J.M.Y.)
| | - Puvaneswari Puvanasundram
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics, Institute of Biosciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Murni Marlina Abd Karim
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (A.Z.); (F.M.Y.); (N.A.); (N.J.M.Y.)
- Laboratory of Sustainable Aquaculture, International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Port Dickson 71050, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-123-026-397
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7
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Hawke JP, Daniel R, Strother K, Sokolova Y, Elliott J, Carossino M, Langohr I, Del Piero F, López-Porras A, Heckman TI, Soto E, Griffin MJ. Streptococcus dysgalactiae: A Pathogen of Feral Populations of Silver Carp from a Fish Kill Event. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2021; 33:231-242. [PMID: 34185920 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In August 2018, a series of large fish kills involving only Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix occurred on the Mississippi River in northern Louisiana. Clinical signs observed in moribund animals included erratic swimming behavior, such as spiraling and spinning at the surface. A moribund specimen was captured by dip net near the surface at Lake Providence Landing in East Carroll Parish, northern Louisiana, and was submitted for analysis. An aseptic necropsy was performed, and diagnostic procedures, including bacteriology, parasitology, histopathology, virology, and electron microscopy, revealed that a gram-positive coccus was the primary pathogen. Pure cultures of the organism were obtained from the brain, and it was the predominant colony type isolated from the spleen, kidney, and liver. Bacterial sepsis caused by the gram-positive coccus and involving multiple organ systems was diagnosed histologically. Bacterial colonization and necrotic lesions were seen in the spleen, liver, kidney, heart, eye, and brain. Numerous cocci were observed dividing intracellularly in phagocytic cells of the kidney and brain by transmission electron microscopy. The organism was identified as Streptococcus dysgalactiae ssp. dysgalactiae by conventional biochemical methods and subsequently by the API 20 Strep system. The identity of the pathogen was later confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Multilocus sequence analysis clustered this isolate along with two other S. dysgalactiae isolates from fish in a divergent phyletic group that was separate from other S. dysgalactiae ssp. dysgalactiae isolates from terrestrial animals, implying a possible novel clade that is pathogenic for fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Hawke
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
| | - Ryan Daniel
- Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, District 2, Monroe, Louisiana, 71203, USA
| | - Keith Strother
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
| | - Yuliya Sokolova
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., 20052, USA
| | - Jacqueline Elliott
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
| | - Mariano Carossino
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
| | - Ingeborg Langohr
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
| | - Fabio Del Piero
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
| | | | - Taylor I Heckman
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Esteban Soto
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Matt J Griffin
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, Mississippi, 39762, USA
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8
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Effect on Intermediary Metabolism and Digestive Parameters of the High Substitution of Fishmeal with Insect Meal in Sparus aurata Feed. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12110965. [PMID: 34821766 PMCID: PMC8618839 DOI: 10.3390/insects12110965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hermetia illucens and Tenebrio molitor were tested on account of their potential to replace fish protein in feed. Two levels of replacement for H. illucens, 30% and 50% (H30 and H50), and one for T. molitor, 50% (T50), as well as an additional diet with a modified fatty acid fraction (H50M), were investigated in relation to juvenile Sparus aurata growth indices, enzyme activities and gut microbiome. A T50 diet showed similar results to a control (C) diet, with no significant differences regarding morphological indices and minor differences for nutritional indices. Regarding the gut microbiome, H50M was the diet which showed the more similar prokaryotic community to C, which suggests that fatty acid fractions might influence the composition of the gut microbiome. Nevertheless, differences appeared to be related to a redistribution of dominant species, while changes in species affiliation were limited to minoritary species. The positive correlation between some of these minoritary species (Peptostreptococcus russellii, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Weisella confusa) and several fish growth parameters might explain differences between control and insect diets. Deciphering such uncertainty and revealing the potential role these unusual species may play on fish performance should be addressed in future investigations.
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9
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Shen J, Wu X, Yang Y, Lv Y, Li X, Ding X, Wang S, Yan Z, Yan Y, Yang F, Li H. Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Factor of Streptococcus dysgalactiae Isolated from Clinical Bovine Mastitis Cases in Northwest China. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:3519-3530. [PMID: 34511943 PMCID: PMC8418370 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s327924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Streptococcus dysgalactiae is a major pathogen in bovine mastitis. The purpose of this study was to survey the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, as well as the spread of resistance and virulence-associated gene of S. dysgalactiae. Methods A total of 60 S. dysgalactiae strains were obtained from 830 milk samples from Holstein cows with clinical mastitis. Antimicrobial resistance was examined by the disk diffusion method. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes were investigated by PCR, agarose gel electrophoresis and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results All isolates were resistant to tetracycline and showed a high level of resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics, where 81.67% of the strains were multi-resistant to these ten sorts of antibiotics. In addition, the most prevalent resistance gene in S. dysgalactiae was aphA-1 (98.33%), followed by blaTEM (96.67%), ermB (83.3%), aadA1/aadA2 (78.33%) and tetL (73.33%). Totally, seven virulence genes with 25 combination patterns were detected in these isolates, and each isolates harbored at least one virulence gene. 21.67% of the isolates carried three or more virulence genes, while one strain with seven virulence-related genes and belonged to cfb+lmb+eno+napr+bca+scpB+cyl. Conclusion These findings indicate that S. dysgalactiae isolated from clinical bovine mastitis cases in Northwest China show a variety of molecular ecology and are highly resistant to antibiotics commonly used in dairy farms. This research will help investigators better understand the pathophysiology S. dysgalactiae in bovine mastitis and choose the appropriate antibiotics to treat mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirao Shen
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yayuan Yang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Lv
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinpu Li
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuezhi Ding
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyi Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuoting Yan
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Yan
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongsheng Li
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
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10
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Streptococcus, Centrocestus formosanus and Myxobolus tilapiae concurrent infections in farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Microb Pathog 2021; 158:105084. [PMID: 34246747 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Stress triggered concurrent microbial/parasitic infections are prevalent in earthen pond based farmed Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. In the current study, a total of thirty five O. niloticus were collected from a commercial fish farm with a history of severe mortalities at Port Said, Egypt. Nile tilapia samples were subjected to bacteriological, parasitological and pathological examinations. Twenty one Enterococcus fecalis and 15 Streptococcus agalactiae isolates were presumptively identified utilizing the semi-automated API 20 Strept test kit. The identities of the retrieved bacteria were confirmed by the sequencing of 16 S rRNA gene. Moribund O. niloticus were found to be heavily infected by one or both of Centrocestus formosanus encysted metacercariae (EMC) and/or Myxobolus tilapiae spores presenting a unique form of synergistic and/or symbiotic relationship. The identities of both parasites were confirmed through morphological and molecular characterization. Variable circulatory, degenerative, necrotic and proliferative changes were also noticed in hematopoietic organs. Interestingly, multiple myxobolus spores and EMC were noticed in some histological sections. It was obvious that the current concurrent bacterial and parasitic infections are triggered by the deleterious effects of some stressing environmental conditions. The unfavorable climatic conditions (high temperature and high relative humidity) recorded at the surge of mortalities are probable predisposing stress factors.
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11
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Alves-Barroco C, Rivas-García L, Fernandes AR, Baptista PV. Tackling Multidrug Resistance in Streptococci - From Novel Biotherapeutic Strategies to Nanomedicines. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:579916. [PMID: 33123110 PMCID: PMC7573253 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.579916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pyogenic streptococci group includes pathogenic species for humans and other animals and has been associated with enduring morbidity and high mortality. The main reason for the treatment failure of streptococcal infections is the increased resistance to antibiotics. In recent years, infectious diseases caused by pyogenic streptococci resistant to multiple antibiotics have been raising with a significant impact to public health and veterinary industry. The rise of antibiotic-resistant streptococci has been associated to diverse mechanisms, such as efflux pumps and modifications of the antimicrobial target. Among streptococci, antibiotic resistance emerges from previously sensitive populations as result of horizontal gene transfer or chromosomal point mutations due to excessive use of antimicrobials. Streptococci strains are also recognized as biofilm producers. The increased resistance of biofilms to antibiotics among streptococci promote persistent infection, which comprise circa 80% of microbial infections in humans. Therefore, to overcome drug resistance, new strategies, including new antibacterial and antibiofilm agents, have been studied. Interestingly, the use of systems based on nanoparticles have been applied to tackle infection and reduce the emergence of drug resistance. Herein, we present a synopsis of mechanisms associated to drug resistance in (pyogenic) streptococci and discuss some innovative strategies as alternative to conventional antibiotics, such as bacteriocins, bacteriophage, and phage lysins, and metal nanoparticles. We shall provide focused discussion on the advantages and limitations of agents considering application, efficacy and safety in the context of impact to the host and evolution of bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia Alves-Barroco
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Lorenzo Rivas-García
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal.,Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alexandra R Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro Viana Baptista
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
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12
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Ramírez-Paredes JG, Paley RK, Hunt W, Feist SW, Stone DM, Field TR, Haydon DJ, Ziddah PA, Nkansa M, Guilder J, Gray J, Duodu S, Pecku EK, Awuni JA, Wallis TS, Verner-Jeffreys DW. First detection of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) associated with massive mortalities in farmed tilapia in Africa. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:1550-1563. [PMID: 32920975 PMCID: PMC8246855 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In late 2018, unusual patterns of very high mortality (>50% production) were reported in intensive tilapia cage culture systems across Lake Volta in Ghana. Samples of fish and fry were collected and analysed from two affected farms between October 2018 and February 2019. Affected fish showed darkening, erratic swimming and abdominal distension with associated ascites. Histopathological observations of tissues taken from moribund fish at different farms revealed lesions indicative of viral infection. These included haematopoietic cell nuclear and cytoplasmic pleomorphism with marginalization of chromatin and fine granulation. Transmission electron microscopy showed cells containing conspicuous virions with typical iridovirus morphology, that is enveloped, with icosahedral and/or polyhedral geometries and with a diameter c.160 nm. PCR confirmation and DNA sequencing identified the virions as infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV). Samples of fry and older animals were all strongly positive for the presence of the virus by qPCR. All samples tested negative for TiLV and nodavirus by qPCR. All samples collected from farms prior to the mortality event were negative for ISKNV. Follow‐up testing of fish and fry sampled from 5 additional sites in July 2019 showed all farms had fish that were PCR‐positive for ISKNV, whether there was active disease on the farm or not, demonstrating the disease was endemic to farms all over Lake Volta by that point. The results suggest that ISKNV was the cause of disease on the investigated farms and likely had a primary role in the mortality events. A common observation of coinfections with Streptococcus agalactiae and other tilapia bacterial pathogens further suggests that these may interact to cause severe pathology, particularly in larger fish. Results demonstrate that there are a range of potential threats to the sustainability of tilapia aquaculture that need to be guarded against.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard K Paley
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK.,OIE Collaborating Centre for Emerging Aquatic Animal Diseases, Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK
| | - William Hunt
- Ridgeway Biologicals Limited a Ceva Santé Animale Company, Compton, UK
| | - Stephen W Feist
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK.,OIE Collaborating Centre for Emerging Aquatic Animal Diseases, Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK
| | - David M Stone
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK.,OIE Collaborating Centre for Emerging Aquatic Animal Diseases, Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK
| | - Terence R Field
- Ridgeway Biologicals Limited a Ceva Santé Animale Company, Compton, UK
| | - David J Haydon
- Ridgeway Biologicals Limited a Ceva Santé Animale Company, Compton, UK
| | - Peter A Ziddah
- Fisheries Commission, Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development, Accra, Ghana
| | - Mary Nkansa
- Fisheries Commission, Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development, Accra, Ghana
| | - James Guilder
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK.,OIE Collaborating Centre for Emerging Aquatic Animal Diseases, Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Timothy S Wallis
- Ridgeway Biologicals Limited a Ceva Santé Animale Company, Compton, UK
| | - David W Verner-Jeffreys
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK.,OIE Collaborating Centre for Emerging Aquatic Animal Diseases, Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK
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13
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Kuebutornye FKA, Abarike ED, Lu Y, Hlordzi V, Sakyi ME, Afriyie G, Wang Z, Li Y, Xie CX. Mechanisms and the role of probiotic Bacillus in mitigating fish pathogens in aquaculture. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:819-841. [PMID: 31953625 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Diseases are natural components of the environment, and many have economic implications for aquaculture and fisheries. Aquaculture is a fast-growing industry with the aim to meet the high protein demand of the ever-increasing global population; however, the emergence of diseases is a major setback to the industry. Probiotics emerged as a better solution to curb the disease problem in aquaculture among many alternatives. Probiotic Bacillus has been proven to better combat a wide range of fish pathogens relative to other probiotics in aquaculture; therefore, understanding the various mechanisms used by Bacillus in combating diseases will help improve their mode of action hence yielding better results in their combat against pathogens in the aquaculture industry. Thus, an overview of the mechanisms (production of bacteriocins, suppression of virulence gene expression, competition for adhesion sites, production of lytic enzymes, production of antibiotics, immunostimulation, competition for nutrients and energy, and production of organic acids) used by Bacillus probiotics in mitigating fish pathogens ranging from Aeromonas, Vibrio, Streptococcus, Yersinia, Pseudomonas, Clostridium, Acinetobacter, Edwardsiella, Flavobacterium, white spot syndrome virus, and infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus proven to be mitigated by Bacillus have been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix K A Kuebutornye
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Huguang Yan East, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Emmanuel Delwin Abarike
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Yishan Lu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Huguang Yan East, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong Province, China.
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China.
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
- Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Vivian Hlordzi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
| | - Michael Essien Sakyi
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Huguang Yan East, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Gyamfua Afriyie
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Huguang Yan East, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yuan Li
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Huguang Yan East, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Cai Xia Xie
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Huguang Yan East, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
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14
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Standish I, Erickson S, Leis E, Baumgartner W, Loch T, Knupp C, McCann R, Puzach C, Katona R, Lark E, Bailey J, Buening J, Edwards C, Phillips K. Vagococcus salmoninarum I-A chronic coldwater streptococcosis in broodstock brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in Wisconsin, USA. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:305-316. [PMID: 32030789 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In 2018, Vagococcus salmoninarum was isolated from two lots of broodstock "coaster" brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) containing ~1,500 fish at the Iron River National Fish Hatchery, at which time it was identified as the causative agent of a chronic coldwater streptococcosis epizootic. Clinical signs included exophthalmia, lethargy, erratic swimming and loss of equilibrium. Female fish experienced disproportionately higher morbidity and mortality than male co-inhabitants, and routinely retained eggs following spawning. The most consistent gross clinical sign was heart pallor and turbid pericardial effusion. An attempted treatment using florfenicol was ineffective at halting the epizootic, which spanned more than a year and resulted in >50% mortality before remaining fish were culled. As there is no previous documentation of V. salmoninarum at this hatchery or in this species, it is still unclear what circumstances led to this epizootic. The inability to treat this chronic disease led to the loss of valuable broodstock, hampering ongoing fishery conservation efforts in the Great Lakes Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Standish
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, La Crosse Fish Health Center, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sara Erickson
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, La Crosse Fish Health Center, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Eric Leis
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, La Crosse Fish Health Center, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Wes Baumgartner
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Thomas Loch
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher Knupp
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Rebekah McCann
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, La Crosse Fish Health Center, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Corey Puzach
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, La Crosse Fish Health Center, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ryan Katona
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, La Crosse Fish Health Center, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ellen Lark
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, La Crosse Fish Health Center, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jennifer Bailey
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, La Crosse Fish Health Center, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jorge Buening
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Iron River National Fish Hatchery, Iron River, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Carey Edwards
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Iron River National Fish Hatchery, Iron River, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kenneth Phillips
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, La Crosse Fish Health Center, Onalaska, Wisconsin, USA
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15
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Zhao F, He S, Tan AP, Guo XZ, Jiang L, Liu-Fu C, Deng YT, Zhang RQ. Isolation, identification and character analysis of Streptococcus dysgalactiae from Megalobrama terminalis. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:239-252. [PMID: 31820468 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pure bacterial cultures were isolated from different tissues of moribund Megalobrama terminalis from a high mortality event that occurred at a farm in Foshan, China. Two isolates (F2 and F3) were identified as Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae based on morphological and biochemical detection as well as molecular analysis. In brain heart infusion broth, the best growth conditions of isolate F3 were 35ºC, salinity 5‰ and pH 7. Furthermore, infection with isolate F3 (1.2 × 106 CFU/fish) led to the death of M. terminalis and zebrafish (Danio rerio). However, isolate F3 had no obvious pathogenicity to tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus). When the water temperature was 29ºC, the corresponding mortality rates for zebrafish infected by isolate F3 were higher than those at 23ºC. Culture for 24 and 72 hr with isolate F3 resulted in the same mortality rates for zebrafish. The antimicrobial susceptibility assay revealed that isolate F3 was susceptible to ampicillin, florfenicol and several other antibiotics but resistant to nalidixic acid, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, neomycin and amikacin. To our knowledge, this is the first report that S. dysgalactiae infected the subtropical freshwater fish M. terminalis, which indicates that this bacterium is a potential threat to subtropical freshwater fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan He
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ai-Ping Tan
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Zhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cui Liu-Fu
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ting Deng
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui-Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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16
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The culture-dependent and culture-independent analysis for determination of bacterial diversity within Limnatis nilotica (Clitellata: Hirudinea). Biologia (Bratisl) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-019-00194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Alves‐Barroco C, Roma‐Rodrigues C, Raposo LR, Brás C, Diniz M, Caço J, Costa PM, Santos‐Sanches I, Fernandes AR. Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae isolated from milk of the bovine udder as emerging pathogens: In vitro and in vivo infection of human cells and zebrafish as biological models. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e00623. [PMID: 29577680 PMCID: PMC6341033 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (SDSD) is a major cause of bovine mastitis and has been regarded as an animal-restricted pathogen, although rare infections have been described in humans. Previous studies revealed the presence of virulence genes encoded by phages of the human pathogen Group A Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) in SDSD isolated from the milk of bovine udder with mastitis. The isolates SDSD VSD5 and VSD13 could adhere and internalize human primary keratinocyte cells, suggesting a possible human infection potential of bovine isolates. In this work, the in vitro and in vivo potential of SDSD to internalize/adhere human cells of the respiratory track and zebrafish as biological models was evaluated. Our results showed that, in vitro, bovine SDSD strains could interact and internalize human respiratory cell lines and that this internalization was dependent on an active transport mechanism and that, in vivo, SDSD are able to cause invasive infections producing zebrafish morbidity and mortality. The infectious potential of these isolates showed to be isolate-specific and appeared to be independent of the presence or absence of GAS phage-encoded virulence genes. Although the infection ability of the bovine SDSD strains was not as strong as the human pathogenic S. pyogenes in the zebrafish model, results suggested that these SDSD isolates are able to interact with human cells and infect zebrafish, a vertebrate infectious model, emerging as pathogens with zoonotic capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia Alves‐Barroco
- Departamento de Ciências da VidaFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUCIBIOUniversidade Nova de LisboaCaparicaPortugal
| | - Catarina Roma‐Rodrigues
- Departamento de Ciências da VidaFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUCIBIOUniversidade Nova de LisboaCaparicaPortugal
| | - Luís R. Raposo
- Departamento de Ciências da VidaFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUCIBIOUniversidade Nova de LisboaCaparicaPortugal
| | - Catarina Brás
- Departamento de Ciências da VidaFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUCIBIOUniversidade Nova de LisboaCaparicaPortugal
| | - Mário Diniz
- Departamento de QuímicaFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUCIBIOUniversidade NOVA de LisboaCaparicaPortugal
| | - João Caço
- Departamento de Ciências da VidaFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUCIBIOUniversidade Nova de LisboaCaparicaPortugal
| | - Pedro M. Costa
- Departamento de Ciências da VidaFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUCIBIOUniversidade Nova de LisboaCaparicaPortugal
- MARE ‐ Marine and Environmental Sciences CentreDepartamento de Ciências e Engenharia do AmbienteFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade Nova de LisboaCaparicaPortugal
| | - Ilda Santos‐Sanches
- Departamento de Ciências da VidaFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUCIBIOUniversidade Nova de LisboaCaparicaPortugal
| | - Alexandra R. Fernandes
- Departamento de Ciências da VidaFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUCIBIOUniversidade Nova de LisboaCaparicaPortugal
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18
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Bianchi MV, Ehlers LP, Vargas TP, Lopes BC, Taunde PA, de Cecco BS, Henker LC, Vielmo A, Lorenzett MP, Riboldi CI, Lopes CE, de Amorim DB, Diaz-Delgado J, Snel GGM, Siqueira FM, Sonne L. Omphalitis, urachocystitis and septicemia by Streptococcus dysgalactiae in a southern right whale calf Eubalaena australis, Brazil. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2018; 131:227-232. [PMID: 30459294 DOI: 10.3354/dao03293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Southern right whales Eubalaena australis (SRW) use the southern coast of Brazil as a wintering and calving ground. Other than anthropogenic threats, there is limited knowledge on health and disease aspects for this species. We report the gross and microscopic findings and microbiological identification of streptococcal septicemia in a SRW calf. Main gross findings included fibrinosuppurative omphalitis and urachocystitis, suppurative cystitis, valvular endocarditis and myocarditis, embolic pneumonia, suppurative myositis and osteoarthritis, and lymphadenomegaly. Histological examination confirmed the above inflammatory processes and indicated disseminated Gram-positive coccoid septicemia. PCR analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene from bacteria isolated on blood agar, identified Streptococcus dysgalactiae. Pathologic and microbiologic analysis indicated that β-hemolytic S. dysgalactiae septicemia, presumably initiated as ascending omphalic infection, was responsible for stranding and death in this individual. These results further confirm pathogenicity of streptococci in cetaceans and add to the limited health and disease related pathology knowledge for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus V Bianchi
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (RS) 91540-000, Brazil
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19
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Blanco LP, Payne BL, Feyertag F, Alvarez-Ponce D. Proteins of generalist and specialist pathogens differ in their amino acid composition. Life Sci Alliance 2018; 1:e201800017. [PMID: 30456362 PMCID: PMC6238412 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens differ in their host specificities, with species infecting a unique host (specialist pathogens) and others having a wide host range (generalists). Molecular determinants of pathogen's host range remain poorly understood. Secreted proteins of generalist pathogens are expected to have a broader range of intermolecular interactions (i.e., higher promiscuity) compared with their specialist counterparts. We hypothesize that this increased promiscuity of generalist secretomes may be based on an elevated content of primitive amino acids and intrinsically disordered regions, as these features are known to increase protein flexibility and interactivity. Here, we measure the proportion of primitive amino acids and percentage of intrinsically disordered residues in secreted, membrane, and cytoplasmic proteins from pathogens with different host specificity. Supporting our prediction, there is a significant general enrichment for primitive amino acids and intrinsically disordered regions in proteins from generalists compared to specialists, particularly among secreted proteins in prokaryotes. Our findings support our hypothesis that secreted proteins' amino acid composition and disordered content influence the pathogens' host range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz P Blanco
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bryan L Payne
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Felix Feyertag
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
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20
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Assis GBN, Pereira FL, Zegarra AU, Tavares GC, Leal CA, Figueiredo HCP. Use of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry for the Fast Identification of Gram-Positive Fish Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1492. [PMID: 28848512 PMCID: PMC5552964 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-positive cocci, such as Streptococcus agalactiae, Lactococcus garvieae, Streptococcus iniae, and Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae, are found throughout the world, particularly in outbreaks in farmed fish, and are thus associated with high economic losses, especially in the cultivation of Nile Tilapia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI)-time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) as an alternative for the diagnosis of these pathogens. One hundred and thirty-one isolates from Brazilian outbreaks assisted by the national authority were identified using a MALDI Biotyper from Bruker Daltonics. The results showed an agreement with respect to identification (Kappa = 1) between this technique and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing for S. agalactiae and L. garvieae. However, for S. iniae and S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae, perfect agreement was only achieved after the creation of a custom main spectra profile, as well as further comparisons with 16S ribosomal RNA and multilocus sequence analysis. MALDI-TOF MS was shown to be an efficient technology for the identification of these Gram-positive pathogens, yielding a quick and precise diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella B N Assis
- AQUACEN, National Reference Laboratory for Aquatic Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Felipe L Pereira
- AQUACEN, National Reference Laboratory for Aquatic Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alexandra U Zegarra
- AQUACEN, National Reference Laboratory for Aquatic Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Guilherme C Tavares
- AQUACEN, National Reference Laboratory for Aquatic Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Leal
- AQUACEN, National Reference Laboratory for Aquatic Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Henrique C P Figueiredo
- AQUACEN, National Reference Laboratory for Aquatic Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
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21
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Califano G, Castanho S, Soares F, Ribeiro L, Cox CJ, Mata L, Costa R. Molecular Taxonomic Profiling of Bacterial Communities in a Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata) Hatchery. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:204. [PMID: 28261166 PMCID: PMC5306143 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As wild fish stocks decline worldwide, land-based fish rearing is likely to be of increasing relevance to feeding future human generations. Little is known about the structure and role of microbial communities in fish aquaculture, particularly at larval developmental stages where the fish microbiome develops and host animals are most susceptible to disease. We employed next-generation sequencing (NGS) of 16S rRNA gene reads amplified from total community DNA to reveal the structure of bacterial communities in a gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) larviculture system. Early- (2 days after hatching) and late-stage (34 days after hatching) fish larvae presented remarkably divergent bacterial consortia, with the genera Pseudoalteromonas, Marinomonas, Acinetobacter, and Acidocella (besides several unclassified Alphaproteobacteria) dominating the former, and Actinobacillus, Streptococcus, Massilia, Paracoccus, and Pseudomonas being prevalent in the latter. A significant reduction in rearing-water bacterial diversity was observed during the larviculture trial, characterized by higher abundance of the Cryomorphaceae family (Bacteroidetes), known to populate microniches with high organic load, in late-stage rearing water in comparison with early-stage rearing-water. Furthermore, we observed the recruitment, into host tissues, of several bacterial phylotypes-including putative pathogens as well as mutualists-that were detected at negligible densities in rearing-water or in the live feed (i.e., rotifers and artemia). These results suggest that, besides host-driven selective forces, both the live feed and the surrounding rearing environment contribute to shaping the microbiome of farmed gilthead sea-bream larvae, and that a differential establishment of host-associated bacteria takes place during larval development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmaria Califano
- Microbial Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of AlgarveFaro, Portugal; Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität JenaJena, Germany
| | - Sara Castanho
- Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere, Aquaculture Research Station Olhão, Portugal
| | - Florbela Soares
- Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere, Aquaculture Research Station Olhão, Portugal
| | - Laura Ribeiro
- Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere, Aquaculture Research Station Olhão, Portugal
| | - Cymon J Cox
- Plant Systematics and Bioinformatics, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve Faro, Portugal
| | - Leonardo Mata
- MACRO-the Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, James Cook University Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Costa
- Microbial Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of AlgarveFaro, Portugal; Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de LisboaLisbon, Portugal
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22
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Moreno LZ, da Costa BLP, Matajira CEC, Gomes VTM, Mesquita RE, Silva APS, Moreno AM. Molecular and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of Streptococcus dysgalactiae isolated from swine. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 86:178-80. [PMID: 27539863 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis and dysgalactiae were isolated from swine clinical specimens. The subspecies equisimilis presented 2 clonal patterns with 85% genetic similarity, whereas subspecies dysgalactiae presented distinct band pattern with less than 80% similarity with equisimilis genotypes. Isolates presented high MIC values to tetracyclines, danofloxacin, spectinomycin, tiamulin, and clindamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Z Moreno
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-270
| | - Barbara L P da Costa
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-270
| | - Carlos E C Matajira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-270
| | - Vasco T M Gomes
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-270
| | - Renan E Mesquita
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-270
| | - Ana Paula S Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-270
| | - Andrea M Moreno
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-270.
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23
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Roma-Rodrigues C, Alves-Barroco C, Raposo LR, Costa MN, Fortunato E, Baptista PV, Fernandes AR, Santos-Sanches I. Infection of human keratinocytes by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae isolated from milk of the bovine udder. Microbes Infect 2016; 18:290-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Anshary H, Kurniawan RA, Sriwulan S, Ramli R, Baxa DV. Isolation and molecular identification of the etiological agents of streptococcosis in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultured in net cages in Lake Sentani, Papua, Indonesia. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:627. [PMID: 25392797 PMCID: PMC4216822 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Infections with Streptococcus spp. were observed in Nile tilapia cultured in net cages in Lake Sentani, Papua, Indonesia. Clinical signs included exophthalmia, erratic swimming, ascites in abdominal cavity, and external hemorrhages. Four types of bacterial colonies (SK, K10, P20, and M12) were isolated from the brain, kidney, and eyes. Based on phenotypic and genetic (16S rDNA sequencing) characteristics, the isolates were identified as Streptococcus iniae (SK), Streptococcus agalactiae (K10 and P20) and Lactococcus garvieae (M12). The latter species has not been previously isolated or reported from fish streptococcosis in Indonesia. Intraperitoneal injection of healthy tilapia with the bacterial species caused significant morbidity (70%) within 3 days and 100% mortality at 6 days post injection. Experimental infections and reisolation of the bacteria from morbid and dead fish suggest they are the causative agents of streptococcosis, which rendered high mortality among cage cultured Nile tilapia in Lake Sentani. Our results suggest the need for developing diagnostic tools for accurate identification of the agents of streptococcosis. As tilapia aquaculture continues to expand as a means of food production and livelihood in Indonesia, it becomes crucial to ensure that fish resources are monitored and protected from the adverse effects of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Anshary
- Laboratory of Fish Parasites and Diseases, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Rio A Kurniawan
- Fish Quarantine and Inspection Agency Regional Jayapura, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta, Republic of Indonesia
| | - Sriwulan Sriwulan
- Laboratory of Fish Parasites and Diseases, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Ramli Ramli
- Fish Quarantine and Inspection Agency Regional Jayapura, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta, Republic of Indonesia
| | - Dolores V Baxa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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25
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Abdelsalam M, Fujino M, Eissa A, Chen S, Warda M. Expression, genetic localization and phylogenic analysis of NAPlr in piscine Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae isolates and their patterns of adherence. J Adv Res 2014; 6:747-55. [PMID: 26425363 PMCID: PMC4563591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus dysgalactiae, the long recognized mammalian pathogen, has currently received a major concern regarding fish bacterial infection. Adhesion to host epithelial cells and the presence of wall-associated plasminogen binding proteins are prerequisites to Streptococcus infection. This is the first study of the occurrence of nephritis-associated plasminogen-binding receptor (NAPlr) and α-enolase genes in piscine S. dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae (SDSD) isolates. Further characterization of surface localized NAPlr of fish SDSD revealed a similar immune-reactive band of 43 KDa as that from porcine S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE). The phylogenetic analysis revealed that NAPlr of fish SDSD is more associated with those of mammalian SDSE and Streptococcus pyogenes rather than of other streptococci. Our findings warrant public attention to the possible implication of these virulence genes in dissemination of SDSD to different tissues of infected hosts and to get advantage to new niches. The SDSD adherence patterns were also studied to better understand their pathogenicity. The patterns of adherence of SDSD on two different cell lines showed a different pattern of adherence. Such difference gives an insight about the variance in host susceptibility to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Abdelsalam
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +20 2 1122671243, +2 2 35720399; fax: +20 2 35725240, +20 2 35710305.
| | - M. Fujino
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A.E. Eissa
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt
- Departments of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya
| | - S.C. Chen
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - M. Warda
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology Center for Services and Researches, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +20 2 1122671243, +2 2 35720399; fax: +20 2 35725240, +20 2 35710305.
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26
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Abdelsalam M, Eissa AE, Chen SC. Genetic diversity of geographically distinct Streptococcus dysgalactiae isolates from fish. J Adv Res 2013; 6:233-8. [PMID: 25750757 PMCID: PMC4348444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus dysgalactiae is an emerging pathogen of fish. Clinically, infection is characterized by the development of necrotic lesions at the caudal peduncle of infected fishes. The pathogen has been recently isolated from different fish species in many countries. Twenty S. dysgalactiae isolates collected from Japan, Taiwan, Malaysia and Indonesia were molecularly characterized by biased sinusoidal field gel electrophoresis (BSFGE) using SmaI enzyme, and tuf gene sequencing analysis. DNA sequencing of ten S. dysgalactiae revealed no genetic variation in the tuf amplicons, except for three strains. The restriction patterns of chromosomal DNA measured by BSFGE were differentiated into six distinct types and one subtype among collected strains. To our knowledge, this report gives the first snapshot of S. dysgalactiae isolates collected from different countries that are localized geographically and differed on a multinational level. This genetic unrelatedness among different isolates might suggest a high recombination rate and low genetic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abdelsalam
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - A E Eissa
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt ; Departments of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya
| | - S-C Chen
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan ; Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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