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Bruserud Ø, Tsykunova G, Hernandez-Valladares M, Reikvam H, Tvedt THA. Therapeutic Use of Valproic Acid and All-Trans Retinoic Acid in Acute Myeloid Leukemia-Literature Review and Discussion of Possible Use in Relapse after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050423. [PMID: 34063204 PMCID: PMC8147490 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though allogeneic stem cell transplantation is the most intensive treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chemo-resistant leukemia relapse is still one of the most common causes of death for these patients, as is transplant-related mortality, i.e., graft versus host disease, infections, and organ damage. These relapse patients are not always candidates for additional intensive therapy or re-transplantation, and many of them have decreased quality of life and shortened expected survival. The efficiency of azacitidine for treatment of posttransplant AML relapse has been documented in several clinical trials. Valproic acid is an antiepileptic fatty acid that exerts antileukemic activity through histone deacetylase inhibition. The combination of valproic acid and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is well tolerated even by unfit or elderly AML patients, and low-toxicity chemotherapy (e.g., azacitidine) can be added to this combination. The triple combination of azacitidine, valproic acid, and ATRA may therefore represent a low-intensity and low-toxicity alternative for these patients. In the present review, we review and discuss the general experience with valproic acid/ATRA in AML therapy and we discuss its possible use in low-intensity/toxicity treatment of post-allotransplant AML relapse. Our discussion is further illustrated by four case reports where combined treatments with sequential azacitidine/hydroxyurea, valproic acid, and ATRA were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Bruserud
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway;
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; (G.T.); (T.H.A.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Galina Tsykunova
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; (G.T.); (T.H.A.T.)
| | - Maria Hernandez-Valladares
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Hakon Reikvam
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway;
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; (G.T.); (T.H.A.T.)
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2
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Rodríguez-López GM, Soria-Castro R, Campillo-Navarro M, Pérez-Tapia SM, Flores-Borja F, Wong-Baeza I, Muñoz-Cruz S, López-Santiago R, Estrada-Parra S, Estrada-García I, Chávez-Blanco AD, Chacón-Salinas R. The histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid attenuates phospholipase Cγ2 and IgE-mediated mast cell activation. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:859-866. [PMID: 32480423 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ab0320-547rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cell activation through the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) plays a central role in allergic reactions. FcεRI-mediated activation triggers multiple signaling pathways leading to degranulation and synthesis of different inflammatory mediators. IgE-mediated mast cell activation can be modulated by different molecules, including several drugs. Herein, we investigated the immunomodulatory activity of the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) on IgE-mediated mast cell activation. To this end, bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) were sensitized with IgE and treated with VPA followed by FcεRI cross-linking. The results indicated that VPA reduced mast cell IgE-dependent degranulation and cytokine release. VPA also induced a significant reduction in the cell surface expression of FcεRI and CD117, but not other mast cell surface molecules. Interestingly, VPA treatment inhibited the phosphorylation of PLCγ2, a key signaling molecule involved in IgE-mediated degranulation and cytokine secretion. However, VPA did not affect the phosphorylation of other key components of the FcεRI signaling pathway, such as Syk, Akt, ERK1/2, or p38. Altogether, our data demonstrate that VPA affects PLCγ2 phosphorylation, which in turn decreases IgE-mediated mast cell activation. These results suggest that VPA might be a key modulator of allergic reactions and might be a promising therapeutic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Mariana Rodríguez-López
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Soria-Castro
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcia Campillo-Navarro
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Integrativa, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sonia Mayra Pérez-Tapia
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico.,Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fabián Flores-Borja
- Centre for Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Wong-Baeza
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Samira Muñoz-Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rubén López-Santiago
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Estrada-Parra
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iris Estrada-García
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Rommel Chacón-Salinas
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
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3
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Fan HC, Wang SY, Peng YJ, Lee HS. Valproic Acid Impacts the Growth of Growth Plate Chondrocytes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3675. [PMID: 32456093 PMCID: PMC7277424 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A range of bone abnormalities including short stature have been reported to be associated with the use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in children. Exactly how AEDs impact skeletal growth, however, is not clear. In the present study, rat growth plate chondrocytes were cultured to study the effects of AEDs, including valproic acid (VPA), oxcarbazepine (OXA), levetiracetam (LEV), lamotrigine (LTG), and topiramate (TPM) on the skeletal growth. VPA markedly reduced the number of chondrocytes by apoptosiswhile other AEDs had no effect. The apoptosis associated noncleaved and cleaved caspase 3, and caspases were increased by exposure to VPA, which up-regulated cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) mRNA and protein levels likely through histone acetylation. The COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 attenuated the effects of VPA up-regulating COX-2 expression and decreased VPA-induced caspase 3 expression. The use of VPA in children should be closely monitored or replaced, where appropriate, by AEDs which do not apparently affect the growth plate chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hueng-Chuen Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan
- Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (S.-Y.W.); (Y.-J.P.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Peng
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (S.-Y.W.); (Y.-J.P.)
| | - Herng-Sheng Lee
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (S.-Y.W.); (Y.-J.P.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
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Schaupp L, Muth S, Rogell L, Kofoed-Branzk M, Melchior F, Lienenklaus S, Ganal-Vonarburg SC, Klein M, Guendel F, Hain T, Schütze K, Grundmann U, Schmitt V, Dorsch M, Spanier J, Larsen PK, Schwanz T, Jäckel S, Reinhardt C, Bopp T, Danckwardt S, Mahnke K, Heinz GA, Mashreghi MF, Durek P, Kalinke U, Kretz O, Huber TB, Weiss S, Wilhelm C, Macpherson AJ, Schild H, Diefenbach A, Probst HC. Microbiota-Induced Type I Interferons Instruct a Poised Basal State of Dendritic Cells. Cell 2020; 181:1080-1096.e19. [PMID: 32380006 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Environmental signals shape host physiology and fitness. Microbiota-derived cues are required to program conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) during the steady state so that they can promptly respond and initiate adaptive immune responses when encountering pathogens. However, the molecular underpinnings of microbiota-guided instructive programs are not well understood. Here, we report that the indigenous microbiota controls constitutive production of type I interferons (IFN-I) by plasmacytoid DCs. Using genome-wide analysis of transcriptional and epigenetic regulomes of cDCs from germ-free and IFN-I receptor (IFNAR)-deficient mice, we found that tonic IFNAR signaling instructs a specific epigenomic and metabolic basal state that poises cDCs for future pathogen combat. However, such beneficial biological function comes with a trade-off. Instructed cDCs can prime T cell responses against harmless peripheral antigens when removing roadblocks of peripheral tolerance. Our data provide fresh insights into the evolutionary trade-offs that come with successful adaptation of vertebrates to their microbial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schaupp
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Strasse 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany; Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Institute for Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sabine Muth
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Research Centre for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Leif Rogell
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Strasse 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany; Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Kofoed-Branzk
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Strasse 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany; Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Felix Melchior
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Research Centre for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Lienenklaus
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephanie C Ganal-Vonarburg
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University Clinic for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Klein
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Research Centre for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabian Guendel
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Strasse 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany; Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Hain
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Research Centre for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kristian Schütze
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Research Centre for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrike Grundmann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Hermann-Herder-Str. 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Schmitt
- Immunopathology Unit, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Martina Dorsch
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Spanier
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Pia-Katharina Larsen
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Schwanz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sven Jäckel
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Research Centre for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; University Cancer Center Mainz, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)
| | - Sven Danckwardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation, Cancer Research and Experimental Hemostasis, University Medical Centre Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Karsten Mahnke
- Department of Dermatology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gitta Anne Heinz
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pawel Durek
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Oliver Kretz
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department for Neuroanatomy, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Siegfried Weiss
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Wilhelm
- Immunopathology Unit, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrew J Macpherson
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University Clinic for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Schild
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Research Centre for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Helmholtz Institute Translational Oncology, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 63, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Andreas Diefenbach
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Strasse 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany; Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Hans Christian Probst
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Research Centre for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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Ren J, Catalina MD, Eden K, Liao X, Read KA, Luo X, McMillan RP, Hulver MW, Jarpe M, Bachali P, Grammer AC, Lipsky PE, Reilly CM. Selective Histone Deacetylase 6 Inhibition Normalizes B Cell Activation and Germinal Center Formation in a Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2512. [PMID: 31708928 PMCID: PMC6823248 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoantibody production by plasma cells (PCs) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The molecular pathways by which B cells become pathogenic PC secreting autoantibodies in SLE are incompletely characterized. Histone deactylase 6 (HDAC6) is a unique cytoplasmic HDAC that modifies the interaction of a number of tubulin- associated proteins; inhibition of HDAC6 has been shown to be beneficial in murine models of SLE, but the downstream pathways accounting for the therapeutic benefit have not been clearly delineated. In the current study, we sought to determine whether selective HDAC6 inhibition would abrogate abnormal B cell activation in SLE. We treated NZB/W lupus mice with the selective HDAC6 inhibitor, ACY-738, for 4 weeks beginning at 20 weeks-of age. After only 4 weeks of treatment, manifestation of lupus nephritis (LN) were greatly reduced in these animals. We then used RNAseq to determine the genomic signatures of splenocytes from treated and untreated mice and applied computational cellular and pathway analysis to reveal multiple signaling events associated with B cell activation and differentiation in SLE that were modulated by HDAC6 inhibition. PC development was abrogated and germinal center (GC) formation was greatly reduced. When the HDAC6 inhibitor-treated lupus mouse gene signatures were compared to human lupus patient gene signatures, the results showed numerous immune, and inflammatory pathways increased in active human lupus were significantly decreased in the HDAC6 inhibitor treated animals. Pathway analysis suggested alterations in cellular metabolism might contribute to the normalization of lupus mouse spleen genomic signatures, and this was confirmed by direct measurement of the impact of the HDAC6 inhibitor on metabolic activities of murine spleen cells. Taken together, these studies show HDAC6 inhibition decreases B cell activation signaling pathways and reduces PC differentiation in SLE and suggest that a critical event might be modulation of cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Michelle D Catalina
- AMPEL BioSolutions, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Kristin Eden
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Liao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Kaitlin A Read
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Ryan P McMillan
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Matthew W Hulver
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Matthew Jarpe
- Regenacy Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, MA, United States
| | | | - Amrie C Grammer
- AMPEL BioSolutions, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Peter E Lipsky
- AMPEL BioSolutions, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Christopher M Reilly
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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6
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Exploring the Drug Repurposing Versatility of Valproic Acid as a Multifunctional Regulator of Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:9678098. [PMID: 31001564 PMCID: PMC6437734 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9678098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) is widely recognized for its use in the control of epilepsy and other neurological disorders in the past 50 years. Recent evidence has shown the potential of VPA in the control of certain cancers, owed in part to its role in modulating epigenetic changes through the inhibition of histone deacetylases, affecting the expression of genes involved in the cell cycle, differentiation, and apoptosis. The direct impact of VPA in cells of the immune system has only been explored recently. In this review, we discuss the effects of VPA in the suppression of some activation mechanisms in several immune cells that lead to an anti-inflammatory response. As expected, immune cells are not exempt from the effect of VPA, as it also affects the expression of genes of the cell cycle and apoptosis through epigenetic modifications. In addition to inhibiting histone deacetylases, VPA promotes RNA interference, activates histone methyltransferases, or represses the activation of transcription factors. However, during the infectious process, the effectiveness of VPA is subject to the biological nature of the pathogen and the associated immune response; this is because VPA can promote the control or the progression of the infection. Due to its various effects, VPA is a promising alternative for the control of autoimmune diseases and hypersensitivity and needs to be further explored.
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7
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Differentiation of human dendritic cell subsets for immune tolerance induction. Transfus Clin Biol 2018; 25:90-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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8
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McCaw TR, Randall TD, Forero A, Buchsbaum DJ. Modulation of antitumor immunity with histone deacetylase inhibitors. Immunotherapy 2017; 9:1359-1372. [PMID: 29185390 PMCID: PMC6077764 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors possess a broad array of antitumor activities; however, their net impact on the evolving antitumor immune response is highly dependent on the inhibitors used and the histone deacetylases they target. Herein, we sequentially focus on each stage of the antitumor immune response - from dendritic cell activation and migration, antigen uptake and presentation, T-cell activation and differentiation and the enactment of antitumor effector functions within the tumor microenvironment. In particular, we will discuss how various inhibitors have different effects depending on cellular activation, experimental design and specific histone deacetylases being targeted - and how these changes impact the outcome of an antitumor immune response. At last, we consider the impact these inhibitors may have on T-cell exhaustion and implications for combination with other immunomodulating therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R McCaw
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA, 35233
| | - Troy D Randall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA, 35233
| | - Andres Forero
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA, 35233
| | - Donald J Buchsbaum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA, 35233
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Saas P, Varin A, Perruche S, Ceroi A. Recent insights into the implications of metabolism in plasmacytoid dendritic cell innate functions: Potential ways to control these functions. F1000Res 2017; 6:456. [PMID: 28580131 PMCID: PMC5437952 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11332.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are more and more data concerning the role of cellular metabolism in innate immune cells, such as macrophages or conventional dendritic cells. However, few data are available currently concerning plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC), another type of innate immune cells. These cells are the main type I interferon (IFN) producing cells, but they also secrete other pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor or interleukin [IL]-6) or immunomodulatory factors (e.g., IL-10 or transforming growth factor-β). Through these functions, PDC participate in antimicrobial responses or maintenance of immune tolerance, and have been implicated in the pathophysiology of several autoimmune diseases, as well as in tumor immune escape mechanisms. Recent data support the idea that the glycolytic pathway (or glycolysis), as well as lipid metabolism (including both cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism) may impact some innate immune functions of PDC or may be involved in these functions after Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/9 triggering. The kinetics of glycolysis after TLR7/9 triggering may differ between human and murine PDC. In mouse PDC, metabolism changes promoted by TLR7/9 activation may depend on an autocrine/paracrine loop, implicating type I IFN and its receptor IFNAR. This could explain a delayed glycolysis in mouse PDC. Moreover, PDC functions can be modulated by the metabolism of cholesterol and fatty acids. This may occur via the production of lipid ligands that activate nuclear receptors (e.g., liver X receptor [LXR]) in PDC or through limiting intracellular cholesterol pool size (by statin or LXR agonist treatment) in these cells. Finally, lipid-activated nuclear receptors (i.e., LXR or peroxisome proliferator activated receptor) may also directly interact with pro-inflammatory transcription factors, such as NF-κB. Here, we discuss how glycolysis and lipid metabolism may modulate PDC functions and how this may be harnessed in pathological situations where PDC play a detrimental role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Saas
- EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Inserm, UMR1098, Besançon, F-25000, France
| | - Alexis Varin
- EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Inserm, UMR1098, Besançon, F-25000, France
| | - Sylvain Perruche
- EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Inserm, UMR1098, Besançon, F-25000, France
| | - Adam Ceroi
- EFS Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Inserm, UMR1098, Besançon, F-25000, France.,The Center for Cell Clearance, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
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Saas P, Varin A, Perruche S, Ceroi A. Recent insights into the implications of metabolism in plasmacytoid dendritic cell innate functions: Potential ways to control these functions. F1000Res 2017; 6:456. [DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11332.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are more and more data concerning the role of cellular metabolism in innate immune cells, such as macrophages or conventional dendritic cells. However, few data are available currently concerning plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC), another type of innate immune cells. These cells are the main type I interferon (IFN) producing cells, but they also secrete other pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor or interleukin [IL]-6) or immunomodulatory factors (e.g., IL-10 or transforming growth factor-β). Through these functions, PDC participate in antimicrobial responses or maintenance of immune tolerance, and have been implicated in the pathophysiology of several autoimmune diseases. Recent data support the idea that the glycolytic pathway (or glycolysis), as well as lipid metabolism (including both cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism) may impact some innate immune functions of PDC or may be involved in these functions after Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/9 triggering. Some differences may be related to the origin of PDC (human versus mouse PDC or blood-sorted versus FLT3 ligand stimulated-bone marrow-sorted PDC). The kinetics of glycolysis may differ between human and murine PDC. In mouse PDC, metabolism changes promoted by TLR7/9 activation may depend on an autocrine/paracrine loop, implicating type I IFN and its receptor IFNAR, explaining a delayed glycolysis. Moreover, PDC functions can be modulated by the metabolism of cholesterol and fatty acids. This may occur via the production of lipid ligands that activate nuclear receptors (e.g., liver X receptor [LXR]) in PDC or through limiting intracellular cholesterol pool size (by statins or LXR agonists) in these cells. Finally, lipid-activated nuclear receptors (i.e., LXR or peroxisome proliferator activated receptor) may also directly interact with pro-inflammatory transcription factors, such as NF-κB. Here, we discuss how glycolysis and lipid metabolism may modulate PDC functions and how this may be harnessed in pathological situations where PDC play a detrimental role.
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Phorbol ester-mediated re-expression of endogenous LAT adapter in J.CaM2 cells: a model for dissecting drivers and blockers of LAT transcription. Genes Immun 2016; 17:313-20. [PMID: 27278128 PMCID: PMC4972999 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2016.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Linker for activation of T cells (LAT) is a raft-associated, transmembrane adapter protein critical for T-cell development and function. LAT expression is transiently upregulated upon T-cell receptor (TCR) engagement, but molecular mechanisms conveying TCR signaling to enhanced LAT transcription are not fully understood. Here we found that a Jurkat subline J.CaM2, initially characterized as LAT deficient, conditionally re-expressed LAT upon the treatment with a protein kinase C activator, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). We took advantage of the above observation for studying cis-elements and trans-acting factors contributing to the activation-induced expression of LAT. We identified a LAT gene region spanning nucleotide position −14 to +357 relative to the ATG start codon as containing novel cis-regulatory elements that were able to promote PMA-induced reporter transcription in the absence of the core LAT promoter. Interestingly, a point mutation in LAT intron 1, identified in J.CaM2 cells, downmodulated LAT promoter activity by 50%. Mithramycin A, a selective Sp1 DNA-binding inhibitor, abolished LAT expression upon PMA treatment as did calcium ionophore ionomycin (Iono) and valproic acid (VPA), widely used as an anti-epileptic drug. Our data introduce J.CaM2 cells as a model for dissecting drivers and blockers of activation induced expression of LAT.
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