1
|
Yeruva S, Stangner K, Jungwirth A, Hiermaier M, Shoykhet M, Kugelmann D, Hertl M, Egami S, Ishii N, Koga H, Hashimoto T, Weis M, Beckmann BM, Biller R, Schüttler D, Kääb S, Waschke J. Catalytic antibodies in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy patients cleave desmoglein 2 and N-cadherin and impair cardiomyocyte cohesion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:203. [PMID: 37450050 PMCID: PMC10348947 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04853-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) is a severe heart disease predisposing to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death caused by mutations affecting intercalated disc (ICD) proteins and aggravated by physical exercise. Recently, autoantibodies targeting ICD proteins, including the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein 2 (DSG2), were reported in AC patients and were considered relevant for disease development and progression, particularly in patients without underlying pathogenic mutations. However, it is unclear at present whether these autoantibodies are pathogenic and by which mechanisms show specificity for DSG2 and thus can be used as a diagnostic tool. METHODS AND RESULTS IgG fractions were purified from 15 AC patients and 4 healthy controls. Immunostainings dissociation assays, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Western blot analysis and Triton X-100 assays were performed utilizing human heart left ventricle tissue, HL-1 cells and murine cardiac slices. Immunostainings revealed that autoantibodies against ICD proteins are prevalent in AC and most autoantibody fractions have catalytic properties and cleave the ICD adhesion molecules DSG2 and N-cadherin, thereby reducing cadherin interactions as revealed by AFM. Furthermore, most of the AC-IgG fractions causing loss of cardiomyocyte cohesion activated p38MAPK, which is known to contribute to a loss of desmosomal adhesion in different cell types, including cardiomyocytes. In addition, p38MAPK inhibition rescued the loss of cardiomyocyte cohesion induced by AC-IgGs. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that catalytic autoantibodies play a pathogenic role by cleaving ICD cadherins and thereby reducing cardiomyocyte cohesion by a mechanism involving p38MAPK activation. Finally, we conclude that DSG2 cleavage by autoantibodies could be used as a diagnostic tool for AC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Yeruva
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Konstanze Stangner
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Jungwirth
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Hiermaier
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Shoykhet
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolarynology, Technical University of Munich and University Hospital rechts der Isar, Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Kugelmann
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Hertl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Shohei Egami
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norito Ishii
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koga
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michael Weis
- Krankenhaus Neuwittelsbach, Fachklinik Für Innere Medizin, Munich, Germany
| | - Britt-Maria Beckmann
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Campus Großhadern, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ruth Biller
- ARVC-Selbsthilfe E.V, Patient Association, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Schüttler
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Campus Großhadern, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Interfaculty Center for Endocrine and Cardiovascular Disease Network Modelling and Clinical Transfer (ICON), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Kääb
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Campus Großhadern, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Interfaculty Center for Endocrine and Cardiovascular Disease Network Modelling and Clinical Transfer (ICON), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Member of the European Reference Network for rare, low prevalance and complex diseases of the heart , ERN GUARD-Heart, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jung KO, Youn H, Kim SH, Kim YH, Kang KW, Chung JK. A new fluorescence/PET probe for targeting intracellular human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) using Tat peptide-conjugated IgM. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 477:483-9. [PMID: 27317485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite an increasing need for methods to visualize intracellular proteins in vivo, the majority of antibody-based imaging methods available can only detect membrane proteins. The human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is an intracellular target of great interest because of its high expression in several types of cancer. In this study, we developed a new probe for hTERT using the Tat peptide. An hTERT antibody (IgG or IgM) was conjugated with the Tat peptide, a fluorescence dye and (64)Cu. HT29 (hTERT+) and U2OS (hTERT-) were used to visualize the intracellular hTERT. The hTERT was detected by RT-PCR and western blot. Fluorescence signals for hTERT were obtained by confocal microscopy, live cell imaging, and analyzed by Tissue-FAXS. In nude mice, tumors were visualized using the fluorescence imaging devices Maestro™ and PETBOX. In RT-PCR and western blot, the expression of hTERT was detected in HT29 cells, but not in U2OS cells. Fluorescence signals were clearly observed in HT29 cells and in U2OS cells after 1 h of treatment, but signals were only detected in HT29 cells after 24 h. Confocal microscopy showed that 9.65% of U2OS and 78.54% of HT29 cells had positive hTERT signals. 3D animation images showed that the probe could target intranuclear hTERT in the nucleus. In mice models, fluorescence and PET imaging showed that hTERT in HT29 tumors could be efficiently visualized. In summary, we developed a new method to visualize intracellular and intranuclear proteins both in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Oh Jung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, South Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, South Korea; Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Seung Hoo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - June-Key Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Belogurov A, Smirnov I, Ponomarenko N, Gabibov A. Antibody-antigen pair probed by combinatorial approach and rational design: bringing together structural insights, directed evolution, and novel functionality. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:2966-73. [PMID: 22841717 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The unique hypervariability of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily provides a means to create both binding and catalytic antibodies with almost any desired specificity and activity. The diversity of antigens and concept of adaptive response suggest that it is possible to find an antigen pair to any raised Ig. In the current review we discuss combinatorial approaches, which makes it possible to obtain an antibody with predefined properties, followed by 3D structure-based rational design to enhance or dramatically change its characteristics. A similar strategy, but applied to the second partner of the antibody-antigen pair, may result in selection of complementary substrates to the chosen Ig. Finally, 2D screening may be performed solving the "Chicken and Egg" problem when neither antibody nor antigen is known.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Belogurov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alvarez-Flores MP, Furlin D, Ramos OHP, Balan A, Konno K, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM. Losac, the first hemolin that exhibits procogulant activity through selective factor X proteolytic activation. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:6918-28. [PMID: 21177860 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.167718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Envenoming by the contact of human skin with Lonomia obliqua caterpillars promotes a hemorrhagic syndrome characterized by a consumptive coagulopathy. Losac (Lonomia obliqua Stuart factor activator) is a component of the bristle of L. obliqua that is probably partially responsible for the observed syndrome because it activates factor X and is recognized by an effective antilonomic serum. Here we unveil the proteolytic activity of Losac and demonstrate the feasibility of its recombinant production. On the other hand, Losac has no homology to known proteases, but it can be inhibited by PMSF, a serine protease inhibitor. Instead, it shows closer homology to members of the hemolin family of proteins, a group of cell adhesion molecules. The recombinant protein (rLosac) shortened the coagulation time of normal and deficient plasmas, whereas it was ineffective in factor X-deficient plasma unless reconstituted with this protein. rLosac was able to activate factor X in a dose- and time-dependent manner but not γ-carboxyglutamic acid domainless factor X. Moreover, phospholipids and calcium ions increased rLosac activity. Also, rLosac had no effect on fibrin or fibrinogen, indicating its specificity for blood coagulation activation. Linear double reciprocal plots indicate that rLosac follows a Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Cleavage of factor X by rLosac resulted in fragments that are compatible with those generated by RVV-X (a well known factor X activator). Together, our results validate Losac as the first protein from the hemolin family exhibiting procoagulant activity through selective proteolysis on coagulation factor X.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ponomarenko NA, Pillet D, Paon M, Vorobiev II, Smirnov IV, Adenier H, Avalle B, Kolesnikov AV, Kozyr AV, Thomas D, Gabibov AG, Friboulet A. Anti-idiotypic antibody mimics proteolytic function of parent antigen. Biochemistry 2007; 46:14598-609. [PMID: 18020454 DOI: 10.1021/bi7013954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Functional imaging of subtilisin Carlsberg active center by the idiotypic network yielded a catalytic anti-idiotypic antibody with endopeptidase, amidase, and esterase activities. A monoclonal antibody inhibitory to subtilisin (Ab1 5-H4) was employed as the template for guiding the idiotypic network to produce the catalytic anti-idiotypic Ab2 6B8-E12. Proteolytic activity of 6B8-E12 was demonstrated by zymography using self-quenched fluorescein-BSA conjugate and in a coupled assay detecting Ab2-dependent RNase A inactivation. Cleavage of peptide substrates by 6B8-E12 revealed distinct patterns of hydrolysis with high preference for aromatic residues before or after the scissile bond. Catalytic activity of Ab2 was inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, a mechanism-based inhibitor of serine hydrolases. 5-H4 and 6B8-E12 were cloned, produced in Escherichia coli as single-chain variable fragments (scFvs), and purified. Kinetic parameters for amidolytic and esterolytic activities were similar in Ab2 and its scFv derivative. Although the antigen-specific portion of 6B8-E12 possesses no primary structure similarity to subtilisin, it mimics proteolytic and amidolytic functions of the parental antigen, albeit with 4 orders of magnitude slower acceleration rates. The lack of detectable endopeptidase activity of 6B8-E12 scFv raises interesting issues concerning general evolution of catalytic activity. The in silico 3D models of Ab1 and Ab2 revealed strong structural similarity to known anti-protease antibodies and to abzymes, respectively. These results indicate that the idiotypic network is capable, to a significant extent, of reproducing catalytic apparatus of serine proteases and further validate the use of imaging of enzyme active centers by the immune system for induction of abzymes accelerating energy-demanding amide bond hydrolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Ponomarenko
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklaya str, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|