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Scotland BL, Dharmaraj S, Cottingham AL, Truong N, Chapoval SP, Keegan AD, Pearson RM. Impact of antigen loading in tolerogenic nanoparticles to mitigate Th2-mediated allergic lung inflammation. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:2930-2944. [PMID: 38862755 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01632-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Allergic disease is a major global health concern that imposes significant life-altering and economic burdens on affected individuals. However, there is still no cure. Polymer-based nanoparticles (NP) have shown the potential to induce antigen (Ag)-specific immune tolerance in various Th1/17 and Th2-mediated immune disorders including autoimmunity and allergy. Common methods by which Ags are associated with NPs are through surface conjugation or encapsulation. However, these Ag delivery strategies can be associated with several caveats that dampen their effectiveness such as uncontrolled Ag loading, a high Ag burst release, and an increased immune recognition profile. We previously developed Ag-polymer conjugate NPs (acNPs) to overcome those noted limitations, while allowing for controlled delivery of precise quantities of Ag to innate immune cells for Ag-specific CD4 T cell modulation. Here, we utilized ovalbumin (OVA) protein-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) conjugate NPs (acNP-OVA) to elucidate the impact of Ag loading on the induction of Th2 tolerance using a prophylactic and therapeutic OVA/ALUM-induced mouse model of allergic lung inflammation (ALI) in comparison to Ag-encapsulated PLGA NPs (NP(Ag)). We demonstrate that acNP-OVA formulations reduced OVA-specific IgE and inhibited Th2 cytokine secretions in an Ag loading-dependent manner when administered prophylactically. Administration of acNP-OVA to pre-sensitized mice did not affect OVA-specific IgE and Th2 cytokines tended to be reduced, however, there was no clear Ag loading dependency. acNP-OVA with medium-to-low Ag loadings were well tolerated, while formulations with high Ag loadings, including NP(Ag) resulted in anaphylaxis. Overall, our results clarify the relationship between Ag loading and Ag-specific IgE and Th2 cytokine responses in a murine model of ALI, which provides insight useful for future design of tolerogenic NP-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna L Scotland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Shruti Dharmaraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Andrea L Cottingham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Nhu Truong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Svetlana P Chapoval
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Achsah D Keegan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Ryan M Pearson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Title-Inflammatory Signaling Pathways in Allergic and Infection-Associated Lung Diseases. ALLERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/allergies2020006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung inflammation can be caused by pathogen infection alone or by allergic disease, leading to pneumonitis. Most of the allergens (antigens) that cause allergic lung diseases, including asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), are derived from microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, but some inorganic materials, such as mercury, can also cause pneumonitis. Certain allergens, including food and pollen, can also cause acute allergic reactions and lead to lung inflammation in individuals predisposed to such reactions. Pattern recognition-associated and damage-associated signaling by these allergens can be critical in determining the type of hypersensitization and allergic disease, as well as the potential for fibrosis and irreversible lung damage. This review discusses the signs, symptoms, and etiology of allergic asthma, and HP. Furthermore, we review the immune response and signaling pathways involved in pneumonitis due to both microbial infection and allergic processes. We also discuss current and potential therapeutic interventions for infection-associated and allergic lung inflammation.
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Kratzer B, Köhler C, Hofer S, Smole U, Trapin D, Iturri J, Pum D, Kienzl P, Elbe-Bürger A, Gattinger P, Mittermann I, Linhart B, Gadermaier G, Jahn-Schmid B, Neunkirchner A, Valenta R, Pickl WF. Prevention of allergy by virus-like nanoparticles (VNP) delivering shielded versions of major allergens in a humanized murine allergy model. Allergy 2019; 74:246-260. [PMID: 30035810 PMCID: PMC6587790 DOI: 10.1111/all.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background In high‐risk populations, allergen‐specific prophylaxis could protect from sensitization and subsequent development of allergic disease. However, such treatment might itself induce sensitization and allergies, thus requiring hypoallergenic vaccine formulations. We here characterized the preventive potential of virus‐like nanoparticles (VNP) expressing surface‐exposed or shielded allergens. Methods Full‐length major mugwort pollen allergen Art v 1 was selectively targeted either to the surface or to the inner side of the lipid bilayer envelope of VNP. Upon biochemical and immunological analysis, their preventive potential was determined in a humanized mouse model of mugwort pollen allergy. Results Virus‐like nanoparticles expressing shielded version of Art v 1, in contrast to those expressing surface‐exposed Art v 1, were hypoallergenic as they hardly induced degranulation of rat basophil leukemia cells sensitized with Art v 1‐specific mouse or human IgE. Both VNP versions induced proliferation and cytokine production of allergen‐specific T cells in vitro. Upon intranasal application in mice, VNP expressing surface‐exposed but not shielded allergen induced allergen‐specific antibodies, including IgE. Notably, preventive treatment with VNP expressing shielded allergen‐protected mice from subsequent sensitization with mugwort pollen extract. Protection was associated with a Th1/Treg‐dominated cytokine response, increased Foxp3+ Treg numbers in lungs, and reduced lung resistance when compared to mice treated with empty particles. Conclusion Virus‐like nanoparticles represent a novel and versatile platform for the in vivo delivery of allergens to selectively target T cells and prevent allergies without inducing allergic reactions or allergic sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Kratzer
- Institute of Immunology; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Cordula Köhler
- Institute of Immunology; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Sandra Hofer
- Institute of Immunology; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Ursula Smole
- Institute of Immunology; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Doris Trapin
- Institute of Immunology; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Jagoba Iturri
- Department of Nanobiotechnology; Institute for Biophysics; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Dietmar Pum
- Department of Nanobiotechnology; Institute for Biophysics; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Philip Kienzl
- Department of Dermatology; Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Adelheid Elbe-Bürger
- Department of Dermatology; Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Pia Gattinger
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Irene Mittermann
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Birgit Linhart
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Gabriele Gadermaier
- Division of Allergy and Immunology; Department of Biosciences; University of Salzburg; Salzburg Austria
| | - Beatrice Jahn-Schmid
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Alina Neunkirchner
- Institute of Immunology; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Winfried F. Pickl
- Institute of Immunology; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
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Neunkirchner A, Kratzer B, Köhler C, Smole U, Mager LF, Schmetterer KG, Trapin D, Leb-Reichl V, Rosloniec E, Naumann R, Kenner L, Jahn-Schmid B, Bohle B, Valenta R, Pickl WF. Genetic restriction of antigen-presentation dictates allergic sensitization and disease in humanized mice. EBioMedicine 2018; 31:66-78. [PMID: 29678672 PMCID: PMC6014064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin(Ig)E-associated allergies result from misguided immune responses against innocuous antigens. CD4+ T lymphocytes are critical for initiating and perpetuating that process, yet the crucial factors determining whether an individual becomes sensitized towards a given allergen remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the key factors for sensitization and allergy towards a given allergen. METHODS We here created a novel human T cell receptor(TCR) and human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR1 (TCR-DR1) transgenic mouse model of asthma, based on the human-relevant major mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) pollen allergen Art v 1 to examine the critical factors for sensitization and allergy upon natural allergen exposure via the airways in the absence of systemic priming and adjuvants. RESULTS Acute allergen exposure led to IgE-independent airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and T helper(Th)2-prone lung inflammation in TCR-DR1, but not DR1, TCR or wildtype (WT) control mice, that was alleviated by prophylactic interleukin(IL)-2-αIL-2 mAb complex-induced expansion of Tregs. Chronic allergen exposure sensitized one third of single DR1 transgenic mice, however, without impacting on lung function. Similar treatment led to AHR and Th2-driven lung pathology in >90% of TCR-DR1 mice. Prophylactic and therapeutic expansion of Tregs with IL-2-αIL-2 mAb complexes blocked the generation and boosting of allergen-specific IgE associated with chronic allergen exposure. CONCLUSIONS We identify genetic restriction of allergen presentation as primary factor dictating allergic sensitization and disease against the major pollen allergen from the weed mugwort, which frequently causes sensitization and disease in humans. Furthermore, we demonstrate the importance of the balance between allergen-specific T effector and Treg cells for modulating allergic immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Neunkirchner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Kratzer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cordula Köhler
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ursula Smole
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas F Mager
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus G Schmetterer
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Trapin
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Edward Rosloniec
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, 38163, TN, USA; Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 38104, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, 38163, TN, USA
| | - Ronald Naumann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatrice Jahn-Schmid
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Bohle
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried F Pickl
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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