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Shakoor M, Shakoor MB, Jilani A, Ahmed T, Rizwan M, Dustgeer MR, Iqbal J, Zahid M, Yong JWH. Enhancing the Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue with Graphene Oxide-Encapsulated g-C 3N 4/ZnO Ternary Composites. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:16187-16195. [PMID: 38617626 PMCID: PMC11007858 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB) is a toxic contaminant present in wastewater. Here, we prepared various composites of graphene oxide (GO) with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and zinc oxide (ZnO) for the degradation of MB. In comparison to ZnO (22.9%) and g-C3N4/ZnO (76.0%), the ternary composites of GO/g-C3N4/ZnO showed 90% photocatalytic degradation of MB under a light source after 60 min. The experimental setup and parameters were varied to examine the process and effectiveness of MB degradation. Based on the results of the experiments, a proposed photocatalytic degradation process that explains the roles of GO, ZnO, and g-C3N4 in improving the photocatalytic efficacy of newly prepared GO/g-C3N4/ZnO was explored. Notably, the g-C3N4/ZnO nanocomposite's surface was uniformly covered with ZnO nanorods. The images of the samples clearly demonstrated the porous nature of GO/g-C3N4/ZnO photocatalysts, and even after being mixed with GO, the g-C3N4/ZnO composite retained the layered structure of the original material. The catalyst's porous structure plausibly enhanced the degradation of the contaminants. The high-clarity production of g-C3N4 and the effectiveness of the synthesis protocol were later validated by the absence of any trace contamination in the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) results. The composition of the ZnO elements and their spectra were revealed by the EDS results of the prepared ZnO nanorods, g-C3N4/ZnO, and GO/g-C3N4/ZnO. The outcomes indicated that the nanocomposites were highly uncontaminated and contained all necessary elements to facilitate the transformative process. The results of this experiment could be applied at a large scale, thus proving the effectiveness of photocatalysts for the removal of dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad
Hassan Shakoor
- Department
of Chemistry, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Shakoor
- College
of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University
of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Asim Jilani
- Center
of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Toheed Ahmed
- Department
of Chemistry, Riphah International University, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department
of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Raza Dustgeer
- Department
of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Center
of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Zahid
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Jean Wan Hong Yong
- Department
of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University
of Agricultural Sciences, 23456 Alnarp, Sweden
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Su HM, Vasu D, Chan SY, Liu YC, Jiang J, You YF, Chiu TW, Chen SC. Two-dimensional heterojunction layered graphene oxide/graphitic carbon nitride photocatalyst for removal of toxic environmental dye methylene blue. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123556. [PMID: 38346635 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The direct thermal polymerization techniques were applied to prepare the graphene oxide (GO)-graphitic carbon nitride (gCN) hybrid structure. The prepared hybrid heterojunction GO-gCN nanosheets were utilized as a photocatalyst to remove model pollutants methylene blue (MB) dye. The basic physio-chemical properties of GO-gCN layered materials have been analyzed by various characterization techniques. In addition, the proposed materials have a higher photocatalytic ability toward the degradation of aqueous solution of MB dye under visible light irradiation within a short treatment time. This is because it's the synergistic effects of GO-gCN layer-by-layer structures produced by π─π stacking with charge-transfer interactions. The gCN with GO composite can able to enhance the charge transfer and light-harvesting properties. Under the influence of photocatalyst, the surface of Graphene oxide undergoes the separation and combination of carbonyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals, epoxy radicals, and electron-hole pairs. This enhances the absorption of visible light and improves the degradation of MB, when GO is incorporated into gCN. The removal efficiency of MB reached up to 82.311% within the short treatment time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homg-Ming Su
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Dhanapal Vasu
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yu Chan
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chieh Liu
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Jiaxin Jiang
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng You
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Te-Wei Chiu
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Sec. 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Chi Chen
- Department of Materials Engineering and Center for Plasma and Thin Film Technologies, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 243, Taiwan
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Eshete M, Li X, Yang L, Wang X, Zhang J, Xie L, Deng L, Zhang G, Jiang J. Charge Steering in Heterojunction Photocatalysis: General Principles, Design, Construction, and Challenges. SMALL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202200041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mesfin Eshete
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale School of Chemistry and Materials Science University of Science and Technology of China Jinzhai Road 96 Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
- Department of Industrial Chemistry College of Applied Sciences Nanotechnology Excellence Center Addis Ababa Science and Technology University P.O. Box 16417 Addis Ababa Ethiopia
| | - Xiyu Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale School of Chemistry and Materials Science University of Science and Technology of China Jinzhai Road 96 Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale School of Chemistry and Materials Science University of Science and Technology of China Jinzhai Road 96 Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Xijun Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale School of Chemistry and Materials Science University of Science and Technology of China Jinzhai Road 96 Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Jinxiao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology 12 Jian'gan Road Guilin Guangxi 541004 P. R. China
| | - Liyan Xie
- A Key Laboratory of the- Ministry of Education for Advanced- Catalysis Materials Department of Chemistry Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua Zhejiang 321004 P. R. China
| | - Linjie Deng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale School of Chemistry and Materials Science University of Science and Technology of China Jinzhai Road 96 Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Guozhen Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale School of Chemistry and Materials Science University of Science and Technology of China Jinzhai Road 96 Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale School of Chemistry and Materials Science University of Science and Technology of China Jinzhai Road 96 Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
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Wudil Y, Ahmad U, Gondal M, Al-Osta MA, Almohammedi A, Said R, Hrahsheh F, Haruna K, Mohammed J. Tuning of Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4) for Photocatalysis: A Critical Review. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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MoS2-Cu/CuO@graphene Heterogeneous Photocatalysis for Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of MB from Water. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163259. [PMID: 36015522 PMCID: PMC9414561 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The industrial revolution resulted in the contamination of natural water resources. Therefore, it is necessary to save and recover the natural water resources. In this regard, polymer-based composites have attracted the scientific community for their application in wastewater treatment. Herein, molybdenum disulfide composites with a mix phase of copper, copper oxide and graphene (MoS2-Cu/CuO@GN) were synthesized through the hydrothermal method. Methylene blue (MB) was degraded by around 93.8% within the 30 min in the presence of MoS2-Cu/CuO@GN under visible light. The degradation efficiency was further enhanced to 98.5% with the addition of H2O2 as a catalyst. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of pure MoS2, MoS2-Cu/CuO and MoS2-Cu/CuO@GN were also investigated under the same experimental conditions. The structural analysis endorses the presence of the Cu/CuO dual phase in MoS2. The charge recombination ratio and band gap of MoS2-Cu/CuO@GN were also investigated in comparison to pure MoS2 and MoS2-Cu/CuO. The chemical states, the analysis of C1s, O1s, Mo3d and Cu2p3, were also analyzed to explore the possible interaction among the present elements. The surface morphology confirms the existence of Cu/CuO and GN to MoS2.
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