1
|
Wang J, Jiang Y, Jin L, Qian C, Zuo W, Lin J, Xie L, Jin B, Zhao Y, Huang L, Wang Y. Alantolactone attenuates high-fat diet-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:41. [PMID: 38858382 PMCID: PMC11164993 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00300-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic disease with an increasing incidence, which can further develop into liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma at the end stage. Alantolactone (Ala), a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Asteraceae, has shown anti-inflammatory effects in different models. However, the therapeutic effect of Ala on NAFLD is not clear. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce NAFLD. After 16 weeks, Ala was administered by gavage to observe its effect on NAFLD. RNA sequencing of liver tissues was performed to investigate the mechanism. In vitro, mouse cell line AML-12 was pretreated with Ala to resist palmitic acid (PA)-induced inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis. RESULTS Ala significantly inhibited inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress in HFD-induced mice, as well as PA-induced AML-12 cells. Mechanistic studies showed that the effect of Ala was related to the induction of Nrf2 and the inhibition of NF-κB. Taken together, these findings suggested that Ala exerted a liver protective effect on NAFLD by blocking inflammation and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS The study found that Ala exerted a liver protective effect on NAFLD by blocking inflammation and oxidative stress, suggesting that Ala is an effective therapy for NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Wang
- Joint Research Center on Medicine, the Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, 315700, Zhejiang, China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yucheng Jiang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Leiming Jin
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenchen Qian
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Zuo
- Joint Research Center on Medicine, the Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, 315700, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianjun Lin
- Joint Research Center on Medicine, the Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, 315700, Zhejiang, China
| | - Longteng Xie
- Joint Research Center on Medicine, the Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, 315700, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Jin
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanni Zhao
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijiang Huang
- Joint Research Center on Medicine, the Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, 315700, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Joint Research Center on Medicine, the Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, 315700, Zhejiang, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu L, Guo L, Xu J, Xiang Q, Tan Y, Tian F, Du X, Zhang S, Wen T, Liu L. Postprandial Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins-Induced Lysosomal Dysfunction and Impaired Autophagic Flux Contribute to Inflammation in White Adipocytes. J Nutr 2024; 154:1619-1630. [PMID: 38008361 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia, characterized by an increase in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs), cause chronic low-grade inflammation. It is unclear how postprandial TRLs affect inflammation in white adipocytes. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the study were to explore the inflammatory response of postprandial TRLs in white adipocytes and investigate the possible mechanism. METHODS We measured postprandial triglyceride (TG) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentrations in 204 recruited subjects and treated white adipocytes from mice with postprandial TRLs from above patients with hypertriglyceridemia. RESULTS Serum hsCRP concentrations and BMI were positively related to TG concentrations in the postprandial state. Postprandial TRLs increased mRNA and protein expression of inflammatory factors, including interleukin-1β, via the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)/Caspase-1 pathway, and impaired autophagy flux in white adipocytes of mice. TRLs also induced lysosomal damage as evidenced by the reduced protein expression of lysosome-associated membrane proteins-1 and Cathepsin L. Inhibition of Cathepsin B, NLRP3, and mTOR signaling improved autophagy/lysosome dysfunction and inhibited the activation of the NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway and inflammatory factors induced by TRLs in white adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that postprandial hypertriglyceridemia causes chronic inflammation in adipocytes through TRL-induced lysosomal dysfunction and impaired autophagic flux in an mTOR-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Liling Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Qunyan Xiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yangrong Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiao Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Shilan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai, PR China
| | - Tie Wen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tian S, Zhao H, Song H. Shared signaling pathways and targeted therapy by natural bioactive compounds for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5039-5056. [PMID: 36397728 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2148090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence showed that patients suffering from obesity and T2DM are significantly at higher risk for chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) and intestinal flora imbalance. Increasing evidence of pathological characteristics illustrates that some common signaling pathways participate in the occurrence, progression, treatment, and prevention of obesity and T2DM. These signaling pathways contain the pivotal players in glucose and lipid metabolism, e.g., AMPK, PI3K/AKT, FGF21, Hedgehog, Notch, and WNT; the inflammation response, for instance, Nrf2, MAPK, NF- kB, and JAK/STAT. Bioactive compounds from plants have emerged as key food components related to healthy status and disease prevention. They can act as signaling molecules to initiate or mediate signaling transduction that regulates cell function and homeostasis to repair and re-functionalize the damaged tissues and organs. Therefore, it is crucial to continuously investigate bioactive compounds as sources of new pharmaceuticals for obesity and T2DM. This review provides comprehensive information of the commonly shared signaling pathways between obesity and T2DM, and we also summarize the therapeutic bioactive compounds that may serve as anti-obesity and/or anti-diabetes therapeutics by regulating these associated pathways, which contribute to improving glucose and lipid metabolism, attenuating inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haizhen Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haizhao Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brás T, Neves LA, Crespo JG, Duarte MF. Advances in sesquiterpene lactones extraction. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
5
|
Zhou F, Wang Z, Xiong K, Zhang M, Wang Y, Wang M. Alantolactone reduced neuron injury via activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270410. [PMID: 35749405 PMCID: PMC9231788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a common disease with high morbidity and mortality, which can cause pathological, physiological, and biological reactions. SAH causes a series of responses such as neuronal and cerebral cortex damage, which in turn leads to inflammation and apoptosis. Traditional Chinese medicine has a strong anti-inflammatory effect, such as Alantolactone (ATL). However, studies on ATL therapy for SAH have not been reported. We observed the neurological scores, brain water content, Evans blue (EB) extravasation, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis via performing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and other methods after SAH. In this study, we found that ATL treatment attenuated the neurologic deficits, inhibited neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory reaction, promoted polarization of microglia toward the M2 phenotype, and activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. ATL can reduce the neurons and cerebral cortex damage of SAH rats through activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenzhi Wang
- Department of Chinese and Western Medicine, the Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kang Xiong
- Department of Chinese and Western Medicine, the Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Department of Chinese and Western Medicine, the Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Combination of Acupuncture and Medicine Innovation Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Maode Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu X, Bian L, Duan X, Zhuang X, Sui Y, Yang L. Alantolactone: A sesquiterpene lactone with diverse pharmacological effects. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 98:1131-1145. [PMID: 34624172 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alantolactone (Ala) is a sesquiterpene lactone that can be isolated from many herbal plants belonging to Asteraceae. Besides the antimicrobial activities against bacteria, fungi and viruses, Ala has also demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effects in various models by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPKs to decrease the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. The antitumor effects of Ala have been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo via inducing intrinsic apoptosis, oxidative stress, ER stress, cell cycle arrest and inhibiting autophagy and STAT3 phosphorylation, which are also involved in its combination or synergy with other antitumor drugs. Ala also has neuroprotective activity through attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation, besides its modulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. This review summarizes the recent advances of the pharmacological effects of Ala, including anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimicrobial, neuroprotective activities, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Ala might be employed as a potential lead to develop drugs for multiple diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lijuan Bian
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoqin Duan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinming Zhuang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yujie Sui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Longfei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Y, Qin C, Yang G, Zhao B, Wang W. The role of autophagy in pancreatic cancer progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188592. [PMID: 34274449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients with pancreatic cancer have an abysmal survival rate. The poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer is due to the difficulty of making an early diagnosis, high rate of metastasis, and frequent chemoresistance. In recent years, as a self-regulatory procedure within cells, the effect and mechanism of autophagy have been explored. Dysregulated autophagy serves as a double-edged sword in cancer development in which autophagy inhibits cancer initiation but promotes cancer progression. After tumor formation, activation of autophagy can induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition, regulate metabolism, specifically glutamine usage and the glycolytic process, and mediate drug resistance in pancreatic cancer. Multiple genes, RNA molecules, proteins, and certain drugs exert antitumor effects by inhibiting autophagy-mediated drug resistance. Several clinical trials have combined autophagy inhibitors with chemotherapeutic drugs in pancreatic cancer treatment, some of which have shown promising results. In conclusion, autophagy plays a vital role in pancreatic cancer progression and deserves further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China.
| | - Cheng Qin
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Bangbo Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Weibin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Salazar-Gómez A, Ontiveros-Rodríguez JC, Pablo-Pérez SS, Vargas-Díaz ME, Garduño-Siciliano L. The potential role of sesquiterpene lactones isolated from medicinal plants in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome - A review. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN ASSOCIATION OF BOTANISTS = SUID-AFRIKAANSE TYDSKRIF VIR PLANTKUNDE : AMPTELIKE TYDSKRIF VAN DIE SUID-AFRIKAANSE GENOOTSKAP VAN PLANTKUNDIGES 2020; 135:240-251. [PMID: 32963416 PMCID: PMC7493762 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome comprises a cluster of metabolic disorders related to the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In latter years, plant secondary metabolites have become of special interest because of their potential role in preventing and managing metabolic syndrome. Sesquiterpene lactones constitute a large and diverse group of biologically active compounds widely distributed in several medicinal plants used for the treatment of metabolic disorders. The structural diversity and the broad spectrum of biological activities of these compounds drew significant interests in the pharmacological applications. This review describes selected sesquiterpene lactones that have been experimentally validated for their biological activities related to risk factors of metabolic syndrome, together with their mechanisms of action. The potential beneficial effects of sesquiterpene lactones discussed in this review demonstrate that these substances represent remarkable compounds with a diversity of molecular structure and high biological activity, providing new insights into the possible role in metabolic syndrome management.
Collapse
Key Words
- ACE, angiotensin I-converting enzyme
- AMPK, activated protein kinase
- APOC3, apolipoprotein C3
- AT, adipose tissue
- Antidiabetic
- CAT, catalase
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase 2
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- FFA, free fatty acids
- FN, fibronectin
- G6Pase, glucose-6-phosphatase
- GK, glucokinase
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- HDL-C, high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol
- Hypoglycemic
- Hypolipidemic
- IFN-γ, interferon gamma
- IL-1β, interleukin 1 beta
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- IR, insulin resistance
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinases
- LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinases
- MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1
- Medicinal plants
- MetS, metabolic syndrome
- Metabolic syndrome
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B
- NO, nitric oxide
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SLns, sesquiterpene lactones
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- STAT1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1
- STZ, streptozotocin
- Sesquiterpene lactones
- T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglycerides
- TGF-β1, transforming growth factor beta
- TLRs, Toll-like receptor
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- VLDL, very-low-density lipoprotein
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuar Salazar-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu y M. Stampa, Col. Planetario Lindavista, 77380 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Julio C Ontiveros-Rodríguez
- CONACYT - Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B-1, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Saudy S Pablo-Pérez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu y M. Stampa, Col. Planetario Lindavista, 77380 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - M Elena Vargas-Díaz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Leticia Garduño-Siciliano
- Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu y M. Stampa, Col. Planetario Lindavista, 77380 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tian X, Zhang Y, Li H, Li Y, Wang N, Zhang W, Ma B. Palmatine ameliorates high fat diet induced impaired glucose tolerance. Biol Res 2020; 53:39. [PMID: 32928312 PMCID: PMC7491132 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-020-00308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is a representative prediabetes characterized by defective glucose homeostasis, and palmatine (PAL) is a natural isoquinoline alkaloid with multiple pharmacological effects. Our study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of PAL on the impaired glucose tolerance. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish an IGT model with high fat diet (HFD). Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and further biochemical analysis were conducted to determine the effect of PAL on glucose intolerance in vivo. Molecular details were clarified in a cellular model of IGT induced by Palmitate (PA) on INS-1 cells. RESULTS Our study demonstrated a relief of IGT with improved insulin resistance in HFD induced rats after PAL treatment. Besides, promoted pancreas islets function was validated with significantly increased β cell mass after the treatment of PAL. We further found out that PAL could alleviate the β cell apoptosis that accounts for β cell mass loss in IGT model. Moreover, MAPK signaling was investigated in vivo and vitro with the discovery that PAL regulated the MAPK signaling by restricting the ERK and JNK cascades. The insulin secretion assay indicated that PAL significantly promoted the defective insulin secretion in PA-induced INS-1 cells via JNK rather than ERK signaling. Furthermore, PAL treatment was determined to significantly suppress β cell apoptosis in PA-induced cells. We thus thought that PAL promoted the PA-induced impaired insulin release by inhibiting the β cell apoptosis and JNK signaling in vitro. CONCLUSION In summary, PAL ameliorates HFD-induced IGT with novel mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Tian
- Teaching and Research Department of Theories of Schools of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Experimental and Training Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Febrile Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Febrile Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Febrile Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chinese Medicinal Formulae, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Boyan Ma
- Department of Febrile Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
DeBari MK, Abbott RD. Adipose Tissue Fibrosis: Mechanisms, Models, and Importance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176030. [PMID: 32825788 PMCID: PMC7503256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increases in adipocyte volume and tissue mass due to obesity can result in inflammation, further dysregulation in adipose tissue function, and eventually adipose tissue fibrosis. Like other fibrotic diseases, adipose tissue fibrosis is the accumulation and increased production of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Adipose tissue fibrosis has been linked to decreased insulin sensitivity, poor bariatric surgery outcomes, and difficulty in weight loss. With the rising rates of obesity, it is important to create accurate models for adipose tissue fibrosis to gain mechanistic insights and develop targeted treatments. This article discusses recent research in modeling adipose tissue fibrosis using in vivo and in vitro (2D and 3D) methods with considerations for biomaterial selections. Additionally, this article outlines the importance of adipose tissue in treating other fibrotic diseases and methods used to detect and characterize adipose tissue fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan K. DeBari
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Rosalyn D. Abbott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jakkawanpitak C, Hutadilok-Towatana N, Sermwittayawong D. Fungal-like particles and macrophage-conditioned medium are inflammatory elicitors for 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9437. [PMID: 32523023 PMCID: PMC7287055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes from white-adipose tissue are known to produce inflammatory cytokines, which play a major role in energy balance and metabolism. While they can respond to pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from bacteria, it is not known whether adipocytes can be stimulated by fungal cells. Previously, adipocytes were shown to produce toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), a β-glucan receptor, suggesting that they could respond to β-glucan on the fungal cell wall. In this study, we show that heat-killed yeast induce an inflammatory response in adipocytes. Using fungal-like particles, namely laminarin-coated beads (LCB), we find that these particles trigger the expression of many key inflammatory genes in dose- and time-dependent fashions in adipocytes. These results suggest that β-glucan on the fungal cell wall is sufficient to elicit an inflammatory response in adipocytes. In addition, we show that both LCB and LCB-treated conditioned medium from RAW 264.7 murine macrophages (LCB-RM) induce the expression of those inflammatory genes through IKKβ-IκBα proteins. Together, we conclude that the fungal-like particles and the conditioned medium elicit an inflammatory response in adipocytes through the canonical or classical NF-κB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chanawee Jakkawanpitak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Thailand
| | | | - Decha Sermwittayawong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhu Y, Ling Y, Wang X. Alantolactone mitigates renal injury induced by diabetes via inhibition of high glucose-mediated inflammatory response and macrophage infiltration. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:84-92. [PMID: 32064988 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1725039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Inflammatory response plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Drugs that carry anti-inflammatory effects have the potential to treat diabetic nephropathy. It's reported that alantolactone (ALA), a natural product, has a variety of pharmacological effects against inflammation and oxidation. However, the specific effects of alantolactone on DN and the mechanisms underlying alantolactone remain elusive. Therefore, the present study aimed to probe whether ALA could mitigate inflammation as mediated by high glucose (HG) in NRK-52E cells and reduce renal injury caused by diabetic nephropathy.Materials and methods: The anti-inflammatory effect of ALA was evaluated in the present study using ELISA and RT-qPCR. Western blot and macrophage adhesion assay were then performed to confirm anti-macrophage adhesion and the protein expression of cell adhesion molecules. Finally, the effect of ALA and its underlying mechanism was evaluated in vivo.Results: Results showed that ALA curbed HG-stimulated expression of macrophage adhesion and pro-inflammatory cytokines in renal NRK-52E cells. In addition, both pro-inflammatory cytokines and NF-kappa B witnessed reduced expression or activity in oral administration with ALA in vivo, thus inhibiting the increase of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. This in consequence ameliorated fibrosis and stemmed pathological worsening of diabetic renal tissues.Conclusions: These findings suggest that ALA may hold promise in the treatment of DN, and importantly, the anti-inflammatory system may prove to be a new strategy to treat human DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Reserch Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanliang Ling
- Community Health Service Center of Xiangfu, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao'ai Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Reserch Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Huang X, Yan D, Xu M, Li F, Ren M, Zhang J, Wu M. Interactive association of lipopolysaccharide and free fatty acid with the prevalence of type 2 diabetes: A community-based cross-sectional study. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:1438-1446. [PMID: 30950561 PMCID: PMC6825935 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Increased blood lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or free fatty acid (FFA) levels correlate with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the interactive effect of serum LPS and FFA levels on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included 2,553 community-dwelling Chinese adults. Fasting serum LPS levels were determined using the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate Chromogenic Endpoint assay, and FFA levels were determined using an enzymatic method. The participants were divided into three groups according to the tertiles of LPS or FFA levels or nine groups according to the tertiles of LPS and FFA levels. The odd ratios (ORs) for type 2 diabetes were estimated using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS We found that higher serum LPS or FFA levels were associated with higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (P < 0.001), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance levels (P < 0.001) and ORs for type 2 diabetes (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, there were significant interactions between LPS and FFA in terms of the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level (P < 0.001), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance level (P < 0.001) and ORs for type 2 diabetes (P < 0.001). In the fully adjusted logistic regression model, the OR for participants with type 2 diabetes in the higher LPS and FFA level group were 6.58 (95% confidence interval 3.05-14.18, P < 0.001) compared with that in participants in the lower LPS and FFA level group. CONCLUSIONS The interaction between LPS and FFA was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in community-dwelling Chinese adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuji Huang
- Department of EndocrinologySun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Dan Yan
- Department of EndocrinologySun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Mingtong Xu
- Department of EndocrinologySun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Feng Li
- Department of EndocrinologySun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Meng Ren
- Department of EndocrinologySun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of EndocrinologySun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Muchao Wu
- Department of EndocrinologySun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yan YY, Zhang Q, Zhang B, Yang B, Lin NM. Active ingredients of Inula helenium L. exhibits similar anti-cancer effects as isoalantolactone in pancreatic cancer cells. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:2539-2544. [PMID: 30661396 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1543676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Isoalantolactone is one of the major active ingredients from Inula helenium L. However, it is low cost-effective to isolate isoalantolactone from Inula helenium L. In this study, we optimized the extraction strategy and obtained a mixture of active ingredients with exact proportion (termed as F35), which were alloalantolactone, alantolactone and isoalantolactone at the ratio of 1/5/4 respectively. The anti-tumor activity of F35 was compared with isoalantolactone on pancreatic cancer cells. As a result, F35 showed nearly the same anti-proliferation activity as isoalantolactone in two cell lines. Both F35 and isoalantolactone could induce mitochondrion-related apoptosis at the concentration of 6 μg/ml. In addition, F35 inhibited colony-formation and migration of PANC-1 and SW1990 cells. To conclude, F35 exhibited similar anti-proliferation and anti-migration effect as isoalantolactone on two pancreatic cancer cell lines, suggesting that alantolactone or alloalantolactone might have comparable anti-tumor effect as isoalantolactone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Yan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - B Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - B Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - N M Lin
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xue W, Fan Z, Li L, Lu J, Zhai Y, Zhao J. The chemokine system and its role in obesity. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3336-3346. [PMID: 30375006 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine system is a complex arrangement of molecules that attract leukocytes to the site of injury or inflammation. This chemotactic behavior gives the system the name "Chemokine." The intricate and redundant nature of the chemokine system has made it a subject of ongoing scientific investigation. Obesity is characterized as low-grade systemic or chronic inflammation that is responsible for the release of cytokines, adipokines, and chemokines. Excessive tissue fat expansion triggers the release of chemokines, which in turn attract various leukocytes and activate the resident immune surveillance system, eventually leading to worsening of obesity and other related comorbidities. To date, 50 chemokines and 20 chemokine receptors that belong to the G-protein-coupled receptor family have been discovered, and over the past two decades, the physiological and pathological roles of many of these chemokines and their receptors have been elucidated. The objective of this review is to present an update on the link between chemokines and obesity under the light of recent knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhirui Fan
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jingli Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yunkai Zhai
- Center of Telemedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Engineering Laboratory for Digital Telemedicine Service, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Center of Telemedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Engineering Laboratory for Digital Telemedicine Service, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
He R, Shi X, Zhou M, Zhao Y, Pan S, Zhao C, Guo X, Wang M, Li X, Qin R. Alantolactone induces apoptosis and improves chemosensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells by impairment of autophagy-lysosome pathway via targeting TFEB. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 356:159-171. [PMID: 30086361 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The lysosome is emerging as a central regulator of the autophagic process, which plays a critical role in tumor growth and chemoresistance. Alantolactone, which is a natural compound produced by Inula helenium, has been shown to induce apoptosis in numerous cancer types. However, the mechanism by which alantolactone regulates apoptosis is still poorly understood. In this work, we observed that alantolactone caused the accumulation of autophagosomes due to impaired autophagic degradation and substantially inhibited the activity and expression of CTSB/CTSD proteins that when depleted caused lysosomal dysfunction. Furthermore, we found that alantolactone inhibited the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo and enhanced the chemosensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to oxaliplatin. In addition, a reduction in TFEB levels was a critical event in the apoptosis and cell death caused by alantolactone. Our data demonstrated that alantolactone, which impaired autophagic degradation, was a pharmacological inhibitor of autophagy in pancreatic cancer cells and markedly enhanced the chemosensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to oxaliplatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi He
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Xiuhui Shi
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Shutao Pan
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Chunle Zhao
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Xingjun Guo
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China.
| | - Renyi Qin
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kim M, Song K, Kim YS. Alantolactone Improves Prolonged Exposure of Interleukin-6-Induced Skeletal Muscle Inflammation Associated Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:405. [PMID: 28706484 PMCID: PMC5489625 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The pro-inflammatory cytokine, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), has been proposed to be one of the mediators that link chronic inflammation to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Many studies have demonstrated the effects of IL-6 on insulin action in the skeletal muscle. However, few studies have investigated the effect of long-term treatment of IL-6, leading to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. In the present study, we observed protective effects of alantolactone, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Inula helenium against glucose intolerance and insulin resistance induced by prolonged exposure of IL-6. Alantolactone has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects through IL-6-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. The relationship between IL-6 exposure and expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), involved in inflammation in the skeletal muscle, and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. We observed maximum dysregulation of glucose uptake after 40 ng/ml IL-6 induction for 24 h in L6 myotubes. Prolonged IL-6 exposure suppressed glucose uptake regulating alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT) phosphorylation; however, pretreatment with alantolactone activated AKT phosphorylation and improved glucose uptake. Alantolactone also attenuated IL-6-stimulated STAT3 phosphorylation, followed by an increase in expression of negative regulator suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3). Furthermore, IL-6-induced expression of pathogen recognition receptor, TLR4, was also suppressed by alantolactone pretreatment. Post-silencing of STAT3 using siRNA approach, IL-6-stimulated siRNA-STAT3 improved glucose uptake and suppressed TLR4 gene expression. Taken together, we propose that, as a STAT3 inhibitor, alantolactone, improves glucose regulation in the skeletal muscle by inhibiting IL-6-induced STAT3-SOCS3 signaling followed by inhibition of the TLR4 gene expression. Therefore, alantolactone can be a promising candidate for the treatment of inflammation-associated glucose intolerance and insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minjee Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Kwangho Song
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Yeong Shik Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|