1
|
Gerashchenko T, Frolova A, Patysheva M, Fedorov A, Stakheyeva M, Denisov E, Cherdyntseva N. Breast Cancer Immune Landscape: Interplay Between Systemic and Local Immunity. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2400140. [PMID: 38727796 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202400140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies in women worldwide. Numerous studies in immuno-oncology and successful trials of immunotherapy have demonstrated the causal role of the immune system in cancer pathogenesis. The interaction between the tumor and the immune system is known to have a dual nature. Despite cytotoxic lymphocyte activity against transformed cells, a tumor can escape immune surveillance and leverage chronic inflammation to maintain its own development. Research on antitumor immunity primarily focuses on the role of the tumor microenvironment, whereas the systemic immune response beyond the tumor site is described less thoroughly. Here, a comprehensive review of the formation of the immune profile in breast cancer patients is offered. The interplay between systemic and local immune reactions as self-sustaining mechanism of tumor progression is described and the functional activity of the main cell populations related to innate and adaptive immunity is discussed. Additionally, the interaction between different functional levels of the immune system and their contribution to the development of the pro- or anti-tumor immune response in BC is highlighted. The presented data can potentially inform the development of new immunotherapy strategies in the treatment of patients with BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Gerashchenko
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kooperativny Str. 5, Tomsk, 634009, Russia
| | - Anastasia Frolova
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Researc, Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kooperativny Str. 5, Tomsk, 634009, Russia
- Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Ave., Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Marina Patysheva
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kooperativny Str. 5, Tomsk, 634009, Russia
| | - Anton Fedorov
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kooperativny Str. 5, Tomsk, 634009, Russia
| | - Marina Stakheyeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Researc, Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kooperativny Str. 5, Tomsk, 634009, Russia
| | - Evgeny Denisov
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kooperativny Str. 5, Tomsk, 634009, Russia
| | - Nadezda Cherdyntseva
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Researc, Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kooperativny Str. 5, Tomsk, 634009, Russia
- Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Ave., Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zaakouk M, Longworth A, Hunter K, Jiman S, Kearns D, El-Deftar M, Shaaban AM. Detailed Profiling of the Tumor Microenvironment in Ethnic Breast Cancer, Using Tissue Microarrays and Multiplex Immunofluorescence. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6501. [PMID: 38928207 PMCID: PMC11203983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer poses a global health challenge, yet the influence of ethnicity on the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains understudied. In this investigation, we examined immune cell infiltration in 230 breast cancer samples, emphasizing diverse ethnic populations. Leveraging tissue microarrays (TMAs) and core samples, we applied multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) to dissect immune cell subtypes across TME regions. Our analysis revealed distinct immune cell distribution patterns, particularly enriched in aggressive molecular subtypes triple-negative and HER2-positive tumors. We observed significant correlations between immune cell abundance and key clinicopathological parameters, including tumor size, lymph node involvement, and patient overall survival. Notably, immune cell location within different TME regions showed varying correlations with clinicopathologic parameters. Additionally, ethnicities exhibited diverse distributions of cells, with certain ethnicities showing higher abundance compared to others. In TMA samples, patients of Chinese and Caribbean origin displayed significantly lower numbers of B cells, TAMs, and FOXP3-positive cells. These findings highlight the intricate interplay between immune cells and breast cancer progression, with implications for personalized treatment strategies. Moving forward, integrating advanced imaging techniques, and exploring immune cell heterogeneity in diverse ethnic cohorts can uncover novel immune signatures and guide tailored immunotherapeutic interventions, ultimately improving breast cancer management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zaakouk
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (M.Z.); (K.H.)
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK; (A.L.); (S.J.); (D.K.)
- Cancer Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt;
| | - Aisling Longworth
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK; (A.L.); (S.J.); (D.K.)
| | - Kelly Hunter
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (M.Z.); (K.H.)
| | - Suhaib Jiman
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK; (A.L.); (S.J.); (D.K.)
| | - Daniel Kearns
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK; (A.L.); (S.J.); (D.K.)
| | - Mervat El-Deftar
- Cancer Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt;
| | - Abeer M Shaaban
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (M.Z.); (K.H.)
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK; (A.L.); (S.J.); (D.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Y, Li Y, Jiang H, Zuo C, Xu W. Elevated splenic 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography activity is associated with 5-year risk of recurrence in non-metastatic invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Br J Radiol 2024; 97:237-248. [PMID: 38263821 PMCID: PMC11027281 DOI: 10.1093/bjr/tqad015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct prediction models including baseline 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) metabolic parameters of tumoural lesions and non-tumour lymphoid tissue for recurrence-free survival within 5 years (5y-RFS) after imaging examination in patients with invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) of the breast. METHODS The study included 101 consecutive female patients. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression were used to identify clinicopathological and metabolic parameters associated with risk of recurrence. Four prediction models based on the results of multivariable analysis were constructed and visualized as nomograms. Performance of each nomogram was evaluated using the concordance index (C-index), integrated discrimination improvement, decision curve analysis (DCA), and calibration curve. RESULTS N3 status, total metabolic tumour volume, the maximum standardized uptake value of spleen, and spleen-to-liver ratio were significant predictors of 5y-RFS. The nomogram including all significant predictors demonstrated superior predictive performance for 5y-RFS, with a C-index of 0.907 (95% CI, 0.833-0.981), greatest net benefit on DCA, good accuracy on calibration curves, and excellent risk stratification on Kaplan-Meier curves. CONCLUSIONS The model that included metabolic parameters of the spleen had the best performance for predicting 5y-RFS in patients with IDCs of the breast. This model may guide personalized treatment decisions and inform patients and clinicians about prognosis. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE This research identifies 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters of non-tumour lymphoid tissue as predictors of recurrence in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Yuchao Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Hongyuan Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Changjing Zuo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Wengui Xu
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zuo Z, Zhou Z, Chang Y, Liu Y, Shen Y, Li Q, Zhang L. Ribonucleotide reductase M2 (RRM2): Regulation, function and targeting strategy in human cancer. Genes Dis 2024; 11:218-233. [PMID: 37588202 PMCID: PMC10425756 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleotide reductase M2 (RRM2) is a small subunit in ribonucleotide reductases, which participate in nucleotide metabolism and catalyze the conversion of nucleotides to deoxynucleotides, maintaining the dNTP pools for DNA biosynthesis, repair, and replication. RRM2 performs a critical role in the malignant biological behaviors of cancers. The structure, regulation, and function of RRM2 and its inhibitors were discussed. RRM2 gene can produce two transcripts encoding the same ORF. RRM2 expression is regulated at multiple levels during the processes from transcription to translation. Moreover, this gene is associated with resistance, regulated cell death, and tumor immunity. In order to develop and design inhibitors of RRM2, appropriate strategies can be adopted based on different mechanisms. Thus, a greater appreciation of the characteristics of RRM2 is a benefit for understanding tumorigenesis, resistance in cancer, and tumor microenvironment. Moreover, RRM2-targeted therapy will be more attention in future therapeutic approaches for enhancement of treatment effects and amelioration of the dismal prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zanwen Zuo
- Innovative Drug R&D Center, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, China
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), and School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Zerong Zhou
- Innovative Drug R&D Center, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, China
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), and School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Yuzhou Chang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuping Shen
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, Hunan 425199, China
| | - Qizhang Li
- Innovative Drug R&D Center, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, China
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), and School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Innovative Drug R&D Center, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chamorro DF, Somes LK, Hoyos V. Engineered Adoptive T-Cell Therapies for Breast Cancer: Current Progress, Challenges, and Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:124. [PMID: 38201551 PMCID: PMC10778447 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a significant health challenge, and novel treatment approaches are critically needed. This review presents an in-depth analysis of engineered adoptive T-cell therapies (E-ACTs), an innovative frontier in cancer immunotherapy, focusing on their application in breast cancer. We explore the evolving landscape of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and T-cell receptor (TCR) T-cell therapies, highlighting their potential and challenges in targeting breast cancer. The review addresses key obstacles such as target antigen selection, the complex breast cancer tumor microenvironment, and the persistence of engineered T-cells. We discuss the advances in overcoming these barriers, including strategies to enhance T-cell efficacy. Finally, our comprehensive analysis of the current clinical trials in this area provides insights into the future possibilities and directions of E-ACTs in breast cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego F. Chamorro
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.F.C.); (L.K.S.)
| | - Lauren K. Somes
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.F.C.); (L.K.S.)
| | - Valentina Hoyos
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.F.C.); (L.K.S.)
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pinheiro AV, Petrucci GN, Dourado A, Pires I. Anaesthesia in Veterinary Oncology: The Effects of Surgery, Volatile and Intravenous Anaesthetics on the Immune System and Tumour Spread. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3392. [PMID: 37958147 PMCID: PMC10648213 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout the course of oncological disease, the majority of patients require surgical, anaesthetic and analgesic intervention. However, during the perioperative period, anaesthetic agents and techniques, surgical tissue trauma, adjuvant drugs for local pain and inflammation and other non-pharmacological factors, such as blood transfusions, hydration, temperature and nutrition, may influence the prognosis of the disease. These factors significantly impact the oncologic patient's immune response, which is the primary barrier to tumour progress, promoting a window of vulnerability for its dissemination and recurrence. More research is required to ascertain which anaesthetics and techniques have immunoprotective and anti-tumour effects, which will contribute to developing novel anaesthetic strategies in veterinary medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vidal Pinheiro
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.D.); (I.P.)
| | - Gonçalo N. Petrucci
- Onevetgroup Hospital Veterinário do Porto (HVP), 4250-475 Porto, Portugal;
- Center for Investigation Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Department of Veterinary Sciences, Vasco da Gama University School (EUVG), 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Center, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Amândio Dourado
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.D.); (I.P.)
- Onevetgroup Hospital Veterinário do Porto (HVP), 4250-475 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Isabel Pires
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.D.); (I.P.)
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Center, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yin L, Chen GL, Xiang Z, Liu YL, Li XY, Bi JW, Wang Q. Current progress in chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114648. [PMID: 37023621 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cancer in women. Around 20-30% breast cancer patients undergo invasion or metastasis after radical surgical resection and eventually die. Number of breast cancer patients show poor sensitivity toward treatments despite the advances in chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and molecular targeted treatments. Therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence or metastasis develop with the ongoing treatments. Conducive treatment strategies are thus required. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T-cell therapy has progressed as a part of tumor immunotherapy. However, CAR-T treatment has not been effective in solid tumors because of tumor microenvironment complexity, inhibitory effects of extracellular matrix, and lacking ideal tumor antigens. Herein, the prospects of CAR-T cell therapy for metastatic breast cancer are discussed, and the targets for CAR-T therapy in breast cancer (HER-2, C-MET, MSLN, CEA, MUC1, ROR1, EGFR) at clinical level are reviewed. Moreover, solutions are proposed for the challenges of breast cancer CAR-T therapy regarding off-target effects, heterogeneous antigen expression by tumor cells and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Ideas for improving the therapeutics of CAR-T cell therapy in metastatic breast cancer are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250023 Jinan, China; Oncology Department, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, 250023 Jinan, China; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 250355 Jinan, China
| | - Gui-Lai Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250023 Jinan, China; Oncology Department, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, 250023 Jinan, China
| | - Zhuo Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250023 Jinan, China; Oncology Department, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, 250023 Jinan, China
| | - Yu-Lin Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250023 Jinan, China; Oncology Department, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, 250023 Jinan, China
| | - Xing-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Jing-Wang Bi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250023 Jinan, China; Oncology Department, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, 250023 Jinan, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250023 Jinan, China; Oncology Department, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, 250023 Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu S, Ye Z, Xue VW, Sun Q, Li H, Lu D. KIF2C is a prognostic biomarker associated with immune cell infiltration in breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:307. [PMID: 37016301 PMCID: PMC10071625 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kinesin-13 family member 2C (KIF2C) is a versatile protein participating in many biological processes. KIF2C is frequently up-regulated in multiple types of cancer and is associated with cancer development. However, the role of KIF2C in immune cell infiltration of tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy in breast cancer remains unclear. METHODS The expression of KIF2C was analyzed using Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database and further verified by immunohistochemical staining in human breast cancer tissues. The correlation between KIF2C expression and clinical parameters, the impact of KIF2C on clinical prognosis and independent prognostic factors were analyzed by using TCGA database, the Kaplan-Meier plotter, and Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses, respectively. The nomograms were constructed according to independent prognostic factors and validated with C-index, calibration curves, ROC curves, and decision curve analysis. A gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of KIF2C. The degree of immune infiltration was assessed by the Estimation of Stromal and Immune cells in Malignant Tumor tissues using the Expression (ESTIMATE) algorithm and the single sample GSEA (ssGSEA). The Tumor mutational burden and Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Rejection (TIDE) were used to analyze immunotherapeutic efficiency. Finally, the KIF2C-related competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed to predict the putative regulatory mechanisms of KIF2C. RESULTS KIF2C was remarkably up-regulated in 18 different types of cancers, including breast cancer. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that high KIF2C expression was associated with poor overall survival (OS). KIF2C expression was associated with clinical parameters such as age, TMN stage, T status, and molecular subtypes. We identified age, stage, estrogen receptor (ER) and KIF2C expression as OS-related independent prognosis factors for breast cancer. An OS-related nomogram was developed based on these independent prognosis factors and displayed good predicting ability for OS of breast cancer patients. Finally, our results revealed that KIF2C was significantly related to immune cell infiltration, tumor mutational burden, and immunotherapy in patients with breast cancer. CONCLUSION KIF2C was overexpressed in breast cancer and was positively correlated with immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy response. Therefore, KIF2C can serve as a potential biomarker for prognosis and immunotherapy in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Ziwei Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Vivian Weiwen Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Huan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Desheng Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ibrahim YS, Amin AH, Jawhar ZH, Alghamdi MA, Al-Awsi GRL, Shbeer AM, Al-Ghamdi HS, Gabr GA, Ramírez-Coronel AA, Almulla AF. "To be or not to Be": Regulatory T cells in melanoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110093. [PMID: 37023699 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
In spite of progresses in the therapy of different malignancies, melanoma still remains as one of lethal types of skin tumor. Melanoma is almost easily treatable by surgery alone with higher overall survival rates when it is diagnosed at early stages. However, survival rates are decreased remarkably upon survival if the tumor is progressed to advanced metastatic stages. Immunotherapeutics have been prosperous in the development of anti-tumor responses in patients with melanoma through promotion of the tumor-specific effector T cells in vivo; nonetheless, suitable clinical outcomes have not been satisfactory. One of the underlying causes of the unfavorable clinical outcomes might stem from adverse effects of regulatory T (Treg) cell, which is a prominent mechanism of tumor cells to escape from tumor-specific immune responses. Evidence shows that a poor prognosis and low survival rate in patients with melanoma can be attributed to a higher Treg cell number and function in these subjects. As a result, to promote melanoma-specific anti-tumor responses, depletion of Treg cells appears to be a promising approach; even though the clinical efficacy of different approaches to attain appropriate Treg cell depletion has been inconsistent. Here in this review, the main purpose is to assess the role of Treg cells in the initiation and perpetuation of melanoma and to discuss effective strategies for Treg cell modulation with the aim of melanoma therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yousif Saleh Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-maarif University College, Ramadi, Al-Anbar, Iraq
| | - Ali H Amin
- Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Zanko Hassan Jawhar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; Clinical Biochemistry Department, College of Health Sciences, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Mohammad A Alghamdi
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdullah M Shbeer
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan S Al-Ghamdi
- Internal Medicine Department, Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University, Albaha City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal A Gabr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Catholic University of Cuenca, Azogues Campus, Ecuador; University of Palermo, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National University of Education, Azogues, Ecuador; CES University, Colombia
| | - Abbas F Almulla
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhong J, Shen X, Zhou J, Yu H, Wang B, Sun J, Wang J, Liu F. Development and validation of a combined hypoxia and ferroptosis prognostic signature for breast cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1077342. [PMID: 36998462 PMCID: PMC10043308 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1077342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundHypoxia is involved in tumor biological processes and disease progression. Ferroptosis, as a newly discovered programmed cell death process, is closely related to breast cancer (BC) occurrence and development. However, reliable prognostic signatures based on a combination of hypoxia and ferroptosis in BC have not been developed.MethodWe set The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) breast cancer cohort as training set and the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) BC cohort as the validation set. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and COX regression approaches were used to construct ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) and hypoxia-related genes (HRGs) prognostic signature (HFRS). The CIBERSORT algorithm and ESTIMATE score were used to explore the relationship between HFRS and tumor immune microenvironment. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect protein expression in tissue samples. A nomogram was developed to advance the clinical application of HFRS signature.ResultsTen ferroptosis-related genes and hypoxia-related genes were screened to construct the HFRS prognostic signature in TCGA BC cohort, and the predictive capacity was verified in METABRIC BC cohort. BC patients with high-HFRS had shorter survival time, higher tumor stage, and a higher rate of positive lymph node. Moreover, high HFRS was associated with high hypoxia, ferroptosis, and immunosuppression status. A nomogram that was constructed with age, stage, and HFRS signature showed a strong prognostic capability to predict overall survival (OS) for BC patients.ConclusionWe developed a novel prognostic model with hypoxia and ferroptosis-related genes to predict OS, and characterize the immune microenvironment of BC patients, which might provide new cures for clinical decision-making and individual treatment of BC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junjie Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heping Yu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Birong Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianbin Sun
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Wang, ; Feng Liu,
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Wang, ; Feng Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sun Y, Wang Y, Lu F, Zhao X, Nie Z, He B. The prognostic values of FOXP3 + tumor-infiltrating T cells in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2023; 25:1830-1843. [PMID: 36692642 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor microenvironment is infiltrated by many immune cells, of which Regulatory T (Treg) cells are usually considered as negative regulators of the immune responses. However, the effect of FOXP3+ (forkhead box transcription factor 3) Treg cells infiltrated into the tumor areas on the prognosis of breast cancer is controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to dissect the potential values of FOXP3+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as a prognosis predictor of breast cancer. METHODS After systematic retrieval of all relevant studies, 28 eligible articles were identified for meta-analysis. Odd ratio (OR), hazard ratio (HR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were obtained for pooled analyses of pathological complete response (pCR), overall survival (OS), and corresponding forest plots and funnel plots were plotted, respectively. RESULTS Pooled results revealed that patients with higher levels of FOXP3+ TILs experienced better pCR (OR: 1.24, 95% CI 1.09-1.41) and OS (HR: 0.79, 95% CI 0.64-0.97). Subgroup analysis revealed that elevated FOXP3+ TILs were significantly associated with improved pCR (OR: 1.20, 95% CI 1.02-1.40) and OS (HR: 0.22, 95% CI 0.06-0.88) in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer patients. Furthermore, FOXP3+ TILs in the stromal area were statistically correlated with the favorable pCR (OR: 1.22, 95% CI 1.08-1.38) and OS (HR: 0.68, 95% CI 0.49-0.96). CONCLUSIONS The predictive role of FOXP3+ TILs in the prognosis of breast cancer is influenced by various factors such as molecular subtype of breast cancer and the location of Treg. In HER2+ breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer, FOXP3+ TILs are associated with better pCR and OS. Additionally, FOXP3+ TILs in stromal represent a favourable prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Sun
- School of Basic-Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Basic-Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Lu
- School of Basic-Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianghong Zhao
- School of Basic-Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenlin Nie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Bangshun He
- School of Basic-Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang H, Sheng X, Yan T, Xu Y, Wang Y, Lin Y, Zhang J, Ye Y, Xu S, Zhou L, Yin W, Lu J. Neo-peripheral adaptive immune score predicts neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 197:343-354. [PMID: 36409395 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Whether peripheral immune cell subsets can predict pathological complete response (pCR) in breast cancer patients remains to be elucidated. We aimed to dissect the relationship between peripheral immune cell subsets and pCR. METHODS Two hundred and twenty-six eligible patients from two prospective clinical trials (SHPD001 and SHPD002) in China were randomly divided into a training cohort and a validation cohort. The breast cancer subtypes in this study included hormone receptor (HR)-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative (n = 95), HER2-positive (n = 100), and triple negative (n = 31) breast cancer. We defined the "Neo-Peripheral Adaptive Immune Score" for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (neoPAI Score) based on the percentages of CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, B cells, and the CD4 + /CD8 + ratio in peripheral blood. We also evaluated the ability of the neoPAI Score derived from tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) to predict survival by employing The Cancer Genome Atlas-Breast Cancer (TCGA-BRCA) database. RESULTS In the training cohort, multivariate analysis showed that HR status [odds ratio (OR) 0.325; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.135-0.761; P = 0.010], HER2 status (OR 2.657; 95% CI 1.266-5.730; P = 0.011), Ki67 index (OR 3.191; 95% CI 1.509-6.956; P = 0.003), histological grade (OR 2.297; 95% CI 1.031-5.290; P = 0.045) and neoPAI Score (OR 4.451; 95% CI 1.608-13.068; P = 0.005) were independent predictors of pCR. In the validation cohort, histological grade (OR 3.779; 95% CI 3.793-1.136 × 103; P = 0.008) and neoPAI Score (OR 90.828; 95% CI 3.827-9.843 × 103; P = 0.019) were independent predictors of pCR. The Immune Model that integrated the neoPAI Score was more accurate in predicting pCR than the Clinical Model that exclusively contained clinicopathological parameters in both cohorts. In TCGA-BRCA database, the neoPAI Score constructed from TIICs can predict the progression-free interval (P = 0.048) of breast cancer. CONCLUSION The neoPAI Score defined by the percentages of peripheral immune cell subsets could be used as a potential biomarker for neoadjuvant chemotherapy efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Sheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Yan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqian Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanping Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumei Ye
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuguang Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Liheng Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjin Yin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinsong Lu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
miR-18a Mediates Immune Evasion in ER-Positive Breast Cancer through Wnt Signaling. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101672. [PMID: 35626709 PMCID: PMC9139289 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
ER-positive (ER+) breast cancer is considered immunologically ‘silent’ with fewer tumor-infiltrating immune cells. We have previously demonstrated the role of miR-18a in mediating invasion and poor prognosis in ER+ breast cancer by activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Here, we explored the immune-modulatory functions of high levels of miR-18a in these tumors. A microarray-based gene expression analysis performed in miR-18a over-expressed ER+ breast cancer cell lines demonstrated dysregulation and suppression of immune-related pathways. Stratification of the ER+ tumor samples by miR-18a levels in the TCGA and METABRIC cohort and immune cell identification performed using CIBERSORT and Immune CellAI algorithms revealed a higher proportion of T-regulatory cells (p < 0.001) and a higher CD4/CD8 ratio (p < 0.01). miR-18a over-expressed MCF7 co-cultured with THP-1 showed decreased antigen presentation abilities and increased invasiveness and survival. They also promoted the differentiation of pro-tumorigenic M2 macrophages. Inhibition of the Wnt pathway in miR-18a over-expressed cells brought about the restoration of TAP-1, a protein critical for antigen presentation. Examination of tumor specimens from our case series showed that miR-18a high ER+ tumors had a dense lymphocyte infiltrate when compared to miR-18a low tumors but expressed a higher CD4/CD8 ratio and the M2 macrophage marker CD206, along with the invasive marker MMP9. We report for the first time an association between miR-18a-mediated Wnt signaling and stromal immune modulation in ER+ tumors. Our results highlight the possibility of formulating specific Wnt pathway inhibitors that may be used in combination with immune checkpoint blockers (ICB) for sensitizing ‘immune-cold’ ER+ tumors to immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang M, Xiong D, Pan J, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Myers CR, Johnson BD, Hardy M, Kalyanaraman B, You M. Prevention of Tumor Growth and Dissemination by In Situ Vaccination with Mitochondria-Targeted Atovaquone. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2101267. [PMID: 35243806 PMCID: PMC9036031 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Atovaquone, an FDA-approved drug for malaria, is known to inhibit mitochondrial electron transport. A recently synthesized mitochondria-targeted atovaquone increased mitochondrial accumulation and antitumor activity in vitro. Using an in situ vaccination approach, local injection of mitochondria-targeted atovaquone into primary tumors triggered potent T cell immune responses locally and in distant tumor sites. Mitochondria-targeted atovaquone treatment led to significant reductions of both granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Mitochondria-targeted atovaquone treatment blocks the expression of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in granulocytic-myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells, which may lead to death of granulocytic-myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells. Mitochondria-targeted atovaquone inhibits expression of genes for mitochondrial complex components, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis in both granulocytic-myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells. The resulting decreases in intratumoral granulocytic-myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells could facilitate the observed increase in tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T cells. Mitochondria-targeted atovaquone also improves the anti-tumor activity of PD-1 blockade immunotherapy. The results implicate granulocytic-myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells as novel targets of mitochondria-targeted atovaquone that facilitate its antitumor efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mofei Huang
- Center for Cancer PreventionHouston Methodist Research Institute6670 Bertner AveHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Donghai Xiong
- Center for Cancer PreventionHouston Methodist Research Institute6670 Bertner AveHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Jing Pan
- Center for Cancer PreventionHouston Methodist Research Institute6670 Bertner AveHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Center for Cancer PreventionHouston Methodist Research Institute6670 Bertner AveHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Yian Wang
- Center for Cancer PreventionHouston Methodist Research Institute6670 Bertner AveHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Charles R. Myers
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA
| | - Bryon D. Johnson
- Department of MedicineMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA
| | - Micael Hardy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRSICRUMR 7273Marseille13013France
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of BiophysicsMedical College of Wisconsin8701 Watertown Plank RoadMilwaukeeWI53226USA
| | - Ming You
- Center for Cancer PreventionHouston Methodist Research Institute6670 Bertner AveHoustonTX77030USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhong F, Yao F, Cheng Y, Liu J, Zhang N, Li S, Li M, Huang B, Wang X. m6A-related lncRNAs predict prognosis and indicate immune microenvironment in acute myeloid leukemia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1759. [PMID: 35110624 PMCID: PMC8810799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05797-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex hematologic malignancy. Survival rate of AML patients is low. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in AML tumorigenesis and progression. However, the relationship between lncRNAs and biological characteristics of AML, as well as how lncRNAs influence the prognosis of AML patients, remain unclear. In this study. In this study, Pearson correlation analysis was used to identify lncRNAs related to m6A regulatory genes, namely m6A-related lncRNAs. And we analyzed their roles and prognostic values in AML. m6A-related lncRNAs associated with patient prognosis were screened using univariate Cox regression analysis, followed by systematic analysis of the relationship between these genes and AML clinicopathologic and biologic characteristics. Furthermore, we examined the characteristics of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) using different IncRNA clustering models. Using LASSO regression, we identified the risk signals related to prognosis of AML patients. We then constructed and verified a risk model based on m6A-related lncRNAs for independent prediction of overall survival in AML patients. Our results indicate that risk scores, calculated based on risk-related signaling, were related to the clinicopathologic characteristics of AML and level of immune infiltration. Finally, we examined the expression level of TRAF3IP2-AS1 in patient samples through real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis and in GEO datasets, and we identified a interaction relationship between SRSF10 and TRAF3IP2-AS1 through in vitro assays. Our study shows that m6A-related lncRNAs, evaluated using the risk prediction model, can potentially be used to predict prognosis and design immunotherapy in AML patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangmin Zhong
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.,School of Public Health, Nanchang University, No. 461 BaYi Boulevard, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fangyi Yao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuqi Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meiyong Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China. .,School of Public Health, Nanchang University, No. 461 BaYi Boulevard, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Xiaozhong Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China. .,School of Public Health, Nanchang University, No. 461 BaYi Boulevard, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chi F, Chen L, Jin X, He G, Liu Z, Han S. CKAP2L, transcriptionally inhibited by FOXP3, promotes breast carcinogenesis through the AKT/mTOR pathway. Exp Cell Res 2022; 412:113035. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
17
|
Prince C, Mitchell RE, Richardson TG. Integrative multiomics analysis highlights immune-cell regulatory mechanisms and shared genetic architecture for 14 immune-associated diseases and cancer outcomes. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:2259-2270. [PMID: 34741802 PMCID: PMC8715275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing functional insight into the causal molecular drivers of immunological disease is a critical challenge in genomic medicine. Here, we systematically apply Mendelian randomization (MR), genetic colocalization, immune-cell-type enrichment, and phenome-wide association methods to investigate the effects of genetically predicted gene expression on ten immune-associated diseases and four cancer outcomes. Using whole blood-derived estimates for regulatory variants from the eQTLGen consortium (n = 31,684), we constructed genetic risk scores for 10,104 genes. Applying the inverse-variance-weighted MR method transcriptome wide while accounting for linkage disequilibrium structure identified 664 unique genes with evidence of a genetically predicted effect on at least one disease outcome (p < 4.81 × 10-5). We next undertook genetic colocalization to investigate cell-type-specific effects at these loci by using gene expression data derived from 18 types of immune cells. This highlighted many cell-type-dependent effects, such as PRKCQ expression and asthma risk (posterior probability = 0.998), which was T cell specific. Phenome-wide analyses on 311 complex traits and endpoints allowed us to explore shared genetic architecture and prioritize key drivers of disease risk, such as CASP10, which provided evidence of an effect on seven cancer-related outcomes. Our atlas of results can be used to characterize known and novel loci in immune-associated disease and cancer susceptibility, both in terms of elucidating cell-type-dependent effects as well as dissecting shared disease pathways and pervasive pleiotropy. As an exemplar, we have highlighted several key findings in this study, although similar evaluations can be conducted via our interactive web platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Prince
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Ruth E Mitchell
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Tom G Richardson
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK; Novo Nordisk Research Centre, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sarasola MDLP, Táquez Delgado MA, Nicoud MB, Medina VA. Histamine in cancer immunology and immunotherapy. Current status and new perspectives. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00778. [PMID: 34609067 PMCID: PMC8491460 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and its incidence and mortality are rapidly increasing worldwide. The dynamic interaction of immune cells and tumor cells determines the clinical outcome of cancer. Immunotherapy comes to the forefront of cancer treatments, resulting in impressive and durable responses but only in a fraction of patients. Thus, understanding the characteristics and profiles of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a necessary step to move forward in the design of new immunomodulatory strategies that can boost the immune system to fight cancer. Histamine produces a complex and fine-tuned regulation of the phenotype and functions of the different immune cells, participating in multiple regulatory responses of the innate and adaptive immunity. Considering the important actions of histamine-producing immune cells in the TME, in this review we first address the most important immunomodulatory roles of histamine and histamine receptors in the context of cancer development and progression. In addition, this review highlights the current progress and foundational developments in the field of cancer immunotherapy in combination with histamine and pharmacological compounds targeting histamine receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María de la Paz Sarasola
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Inflammation, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical SciencesPontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Mónica A. Táquez Delgado
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Inflammation, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical SciencesPontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Melisa B. Nicoud
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Inflammation, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical SciencesPontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Vanina A. Medina
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Inflammation, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical SciencesPontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), and the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)Buenos AiresArgentina
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Alonso-Miguel D, Valdivia G, García-San José P, Alonso-Diez Á, Clares I, Portero M, Peña L, Pérez-Alenza MD. Clinical outcome of dogs diagnosed with canine inflammatory mammary cancer treated with metronomic cyclophosphamide, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor and toceranib phosphate. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 20:179-188. [PMID: 34390295 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Canine inflammatory mammary cancer (IMC) is highly malignant, invasive and a therapeutic challenge, because effective medical treatment is still unavailable. This retrospective study compares the efficacy of an oral cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor combined with toceranib phosphate and oral cyclophosphamide (multi-drug therapy [MT]) with COX-2 inhibitor therapy alone (single-drug therapy [ST]) in dogs diagnosed with secondary IMC. Clinical response, adverse events, overall survival time (OST), disease-free survival (DFS) and time to progression (TTP) were evaluated. Sixteen patients were included, eight received MT and eight receiving ST. Median OST was significantly higher in patients receiving MT (96.0 vs. 37.5 days; p = .046) and in patients with post-surgical rather than non-surgical IMC (86.5 vs. 41.5 days; p = .038). Additionally, median TTP was significantly higher in patients treated with MT (p = .010). In patients with non-surgical IMC, the clinical benefit (CB) was reached in 100% (n = 3) of patients receiving MT and in 33% (n = 1) of those receiving ST; the response duration was significantly longer in MT cases (p = .026). The absence of disease progression at day 30 of treatment was significantly associated with longer OST, DFS and TTP (p = .018, p = .002 and p < .001, respectively). Adverse events occurred more frequently in patients treated with MT compared with ST (p = .026). The MT protocol produced primarily mild to moderate toxicities, which were resolved with supportive care; therefore, the combination of drugs was adequately tolerated by most of the patients. The combination of toceranib, a COX-2 inhibitor and oral cyclophosphamide may be a protocol with potential therapeutic efficacy for dogs with IMC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alonso-Miguel
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Valdivia
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula García-San José
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Alonso-Diez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Clares
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Portero
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Peña
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Pérez-Alenza
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zheng H, Siddharth S, Parida S, Wu X, Sharma D. Tumor Microenvironment: Key Players in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Immunomodulation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133357. [PMID: 34283088 PMCID: PMC8269090 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complicated network composed of various cells, signaling molecules, and extra cellular matrix. TME plays a crucial role in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) immunomodulation and tumor progression, paradoxically, acting as an immunosuppressive as well as immunoreactive factor. Research regarding tumor immune microenvironment has contributed to a better understanding of TNBC subtype classification. Shall we treat patients precisely according to specific subtype classification? Moving beyond traditional chemotherapy, multiple clinical trials have recently implied the potential benefits of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy. In this review, we aimed to elucidate the paradoxical role of TME in TNBC immunomodulation, summarize the subtype classification methods for TNBC, and explore the synergistic mechanism of chemotherapy plus immunotherapy. Our study may provide a new direction for the development of combined treatment strategies for TNBC. Abstract Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease and is highly related to immunomodulation. As we know, the most effective approach to treat TNBC so far is still chemotherapy. Chemotherapy can induce immunogenic cell death, release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and tumor microenvironment (TME) remodeling; therefore, it will be interesting to investigate the relationship between chemotherapy-induced TME changes and TNBC immunomodulation. In this review, we focus on the immunosuppressive and immunoreactive role of TME in TNBC immunomodulation and the contribution of TME constituents to TNBC subtype classification. Further, we also discuss the role of chemotherapy-induced TME remodeling in modulating TNBC immune response and tumor progression with emphasis on DAMPs-associated molecules including high mobility group box1 (HMGB1), exosomes, and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1), which may provide us with new clues to explore effective combined treatment options for TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zheng
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430079, China
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (S.S.); (S.P.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Sumit Siddharth
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (S.S.); (S.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Sheetal Parida
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (S.S.); (S.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Xinhong Wu
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Breast Cancer, Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430079, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Dipali Sharma
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (S.S.); (S.P.); (D.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li YX, Wang SM, Li CQ. Four-lncRNA immune prognostic signature for triple-negative breast cancer Running title: Immune lncRNAs predict prognosis of TNBC. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2021; 18:3939-3956. [PMID: 34198419 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore key immune-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and their effect in predicting of prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). METHODS Four datasets of TNBC were downloaded from TCGA and GEO databases. ImmPort database was utilized to acquire immune-related mRNAs. Single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and correlation analysis were utilized to screen immune-related lncRNAs. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were utilized to screen independent prognostic lncRNAs to establish prognostic risk model, and the model was evaluated by survival analysis and nomogram. Differential functions and immune cells infiltration in high and low risk group were analyzed by Gene set variation analysis and ssGSEA. Finally, competitive endogenous RNAs was constructed. RESULTS We revealed 62 immune-related lncRNAs, of which four lncRNAs (RP11-890B15.3, RP11-1024P17.1, MFI2-AS1 and RP11-180N14.1) had independent prognostic value. These four lncRNAs-based prognostic risk model could stratify the TNBC patients into high and low risk groups, and patients with high risk displayed unfavorable outcomes. Nomogram indicated that the prognostic model could indicate TNBC patients survival very well. We further found that high risk group showed significantly enriched immune response to tumor cell, humoral immune response and high infiltrating abundance of regulatory T cell, Type 2 T helper cell, eosinophil, etc. LncRNAs RP11-180N14.1, RP11-1024P17.1 and RP11-890B15.3 regulated more mRNAs by targeting various miRNAs. While MFI2-AS1 regulated three mRNAs by sponging miR-3150a-3p. CONCLUSION These four lncRNAs were prognostic biomarkers and could be possible therapeutic targets in TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Xiang Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 03001, China
| | - Shi-Ming Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 03001, China
| | - Chen-Quan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 03001, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hui Z, Zhang J, Zheng Y, Yang L, Yu W, An Y, Wei F, Ren X. Single-Cell Sequencing Reveals the Transcriptome and TCR Characteristics of pTregs and in vitro Expanded iTregs. Front Immunol 2021; 12:619932. [PMID: 33868236 PMCID: PMC8044526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.619932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role in the maintenance of immune tolerance and tumor evasion. However, the relative low proportion of these cells in peripheral blood and tissues has hindered many studies. We sought to establish a rapamycin-based in vitro Treg expansion procedure in patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer and perform single-cell sequencing to explore the characteristics of Treg cells. CD25+ cells enriched from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of colorectal tumor patients were cultured in X-VIVO15 medium, supplemented with 5% human AB serum, L-glutamine, rapamycin, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and Dynabeads human Treg expander for 21 days to expand Tregs. Treg cells with satisfactory phenotype and function were successfully expanded from CD4+CD25+ cells in patients with colorectal cancer. The median expansion fold was 75 (range, 20-105-fold), and >90.0% of the harvest cells were CD4+CD25+CD127dim/- cells. The ratio of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells exceeded 60%. Functional assays showed that iTregs significantly inhibited CD8+T cell proliferation in vitro. Single-cell sequencing showed that the transcriptome of pTreg (CD4+CD25+CD127dim/- cells isolated from PBMC of colorectal cancer patients) and iTreg (CD4+CD25+CD127dim/- cells expanded in vitro according to the above regimen) cells were interlaced. pTregs exhibited enhanced suppressive function, whereas iTregs exhibited increased proliferative capacity. TCR repertoire analysis indicated minimal overlap between pTregs and iTregs. Pseudo-time trajectory analysis of Tregs revealed that pTregs were a continuum composed of three main branches: activated/effector, resting and proliferative Tregs. In contrast, in vitro expanded iTregs were a mixture of proliferating and activated/effector cells. The expression of trafficking receptors was also different in pTregs and iTregs. Various chemokine receptors were upregulated in pTregs. Activated effector pTregs overexpressed the chemokine receptor CCR10, which was not expressed in iTregs. The chemokine CCL28 was overexpressed in colorectal cancer and associated with poor prognosis. CCR10 interacted with CCL28 to mediate the recruitment of Treg into tumors and accelerated tumor progression. Depletion of CCR10+Treg cells from tumor microenvironment (TME) could be used as an effective treatment strategy for colorectal cancer patients. Our data distinguished the transcriptomic characteristics of different subsets of Treg cells and revealed the context-dependent functions of different populations of Treg cells, which was crucial to the development of alternative therapeutic strategies for Treg cells in autoimmune disease and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Hui
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lili Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang An
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Wei
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Seban RD, Rouzier R, Latouche A, Deleval N, Guinebretiere JM, Buvat I, Bidard FC, Champion L. Total metabolic tumor volume and spleen metabolism on baseline [18F]-FDG PET/CT as independent prognostic biomarkers of recurrence in resected breast cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:3560-3570. [PMID: 33774685 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated whether biomarkers on baseline [18F]-FDG PET/CT are associated with recurrence after surgery in patients with invasive breast cancer of no special type (NST). METHODS In this retrospective single-center study, we included consecutive patients with non-metastatic breast cancer of NST who underwent [18F]-FDG PET/CT before treatment, including surgery, between 2011 and 2016. Clinicopathological data were collected. Tumor SUVmax, total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV), and spleen- and bone marrow-to-liver SUVmax ratios (SLR, BLR) were measured from the PET images. Cut-off values were determined using predictiveness curves to predict 5-year recurrence-free survival (5y-RFS). A multivariable prediction model was developed using Cox regression. The association with stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) levels (low if <50%) was studied by logistic regression. RESULTS Three hundred and three women were eligible, including 93 (31%) with triple-negative breast carcinoma. After a median follow-up of 6.2 years, 56 and 35 patients experienced recurrence and death, respectively. The 5y-RFS rate was 86%. In multivariable analyses, high TMTV (>20 cm3) and high SLR (>0.76) were associated with shorter 5y-RFS (HR 2.4, 95%CI 1.3-4.5, and HR 1.9, 95%CI 1.0-3.6). In logistic regression, high SLR was the only independent factor associated with low stromal TILs (OR 2.8, 95%CI 1.4-5.7). CONCLUSION High total metabolic tumor volume and high spleen glucose metabolism on baseline [18F]-FDG PET/CT were associated with poor 5y-RFS after surgical resection in patients with breast cancer of NST. Spleen metabolism was inversely correlated with stromal TILs and might be a surrogate for an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain-David Seban
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Curie, 92210, Saint-Cloud, France. .,Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Inserm U1288, PSL Research University, Institut Curie, 91400, Orsay, France.
| | - Roman Rouzier
- Department of Surgery, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris &, 92210, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Aurelien Latouche
- Bioinformatics and Computational Systems Biology of Cancer, PSL Research University, Mines Paris Tech, INSERM U900, 75005, Paris, France.,Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Deleval
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Curie, 92210, Saint-Cloud, France
| | | | - Irene Buvat
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Inserm U1288, PSL Research University, Institut Curie, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Francois-Clement Bidard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris &, 92210, Saint-Cloud, France.,Circulating Tumor Biomarkers Laboratory, SiRIC, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Champion
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Curie, 92210, Saint-Cloud, France.,Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie, Inserm U1288, PSL Research University, Institut Curie, 91400, Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ma T, Kong M. Interleukin-18 and -10 may be associated with lymph node metastasis in breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:253. [PMID: 33664817 PMCID: PMC7882877 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports on the expression of interleukin (IL)-10 in breast cancer are rare. The present study investigated the correlation between IL-18 and −10 in breast cancer, and assessed their clinical significance. Breast cancer (n=104) and breast fibroadenoma (n=31) tissues that were surgically removed and pathologically confirmed at Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University (Jinan, China) between November 2016 and January 2019 were collected. The expression of IL-18 and −10 was observed via immunohistochemistry. Breast cancer tissues were positive for IL-18 expression, which was primarily located in the cell membrane and cytoplasm. A significant difference in IL-18 expression was observed between breast cancer and fibroadenoma tissues (75.0 vs. 19.4%; P<0.001). IL-10 was expressed in breast cancer tissues and primarily located in the cytoplasm. Breast cancer tissues showed a significantly higher level of IL-10 expression compared with breast fibroadenoma tissues (78.8 vs. 22.6%; P<0.001). The regions of positive IL-18 and −10 expression were consistent. Tissues with positive expression of IL-18 and/or −10 had a significantly higher rate of lymph node metastasis than those with negative expression (IL-18: 67.9 vs. 42.3%; P=0.035; and IL-10: 67.1 vs. 40.9%; P=0.047). In conclusion, IL-18 is highly expressed in breast cancer and correlates positively with IL-10. Both IL-18 and −10 may correlate positively with lymph node metastasis in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Meng Kong
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
The role of regulatory T cells in the pathogenesis and treatment of prostate cancer. Life Sci 2021; 284:119132. [PMID: 33513396 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite developments in the treatment of various cancers, prostate cancer is one of the deadliest diseases known to men. Systemic therapies such as androgen deprivation, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy have not been very successful in treating this disease. Numerous studies have shown that there is a direct relationship between cancer progression and inhibition of anti-tumor immune responses that can lead to progression of various malignancies, including prostate cancer. Interestingly, CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells significantly accumulate and increase in draining lymph nodes and PBMCs of patients with prostate cancer and other solid tumors. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that Tregs can suppress anti-tumor responses, which is directly related to the increased risk of cancer recurrence. Tregs are essential for preserving self-tolerance and inhibiting extra immune responses harmful to the host. Since the tumor-related antigens are mainly self-antigens, Tregs could play a major role in tumor progression. Accordingly, it has discovered that prostate cancer patients with higher Tregs have poor prognosis and low survival rates. However, anti-tumor responses can be reinforced by suppression of Tregs with using monoclonal antibodies against CD25 and CTLA-4. Therefore, depleting Tregs or suppressing their functions could be one of the effective ways for prostate cancer immunotherapy. The purpose of this review is to investigate the role of Treg cells in the progression of prostate cancer and to evaluate effective strategies for the treatment of prostate cancer by regulating Treg cells.
Collapse
|
26
|
Cheng Y, Li X, Dai Y, Dong Y, Yang X, Wang J. Identification of an immune-related risk signature and nomogram predicting the overall survival in patients with endometrial cancer. J Gynecol Oncol 2021; 32:e30. [PMID: 33559412 PMCID: PMC8039179 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2021.32.e30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Aimed to construct an immune-related risk signature and nomogram predicting endometrial cancer (EC) prognosis. Methods An immune-related risk signature in EC was constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. A nomogram integrating the immune-related genes and the clinicopathological characteristics was established and validated using the Kaplan-Meier survival curve and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to predict the overall survival (OS) of EC patients. The Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data (ESTIMATE) R tool was used to explore the immune and stromal scores. Results CCL17, CTLA4, GPI, HDGF, HFE2, ICOS, IFNG, IL21R, KAL1, NR3C1, S100A2, and S100A9 were used in developing an immune-related risk signature evaluation model. The Kaplan-Meier curve indicated that patients in the low-risk group had better OS (p<0.001). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) values of this model were 0.737, 0.764, and 0.782 for the 3-, 5-, and 7-year OS, respectively. A nomogram integrating the immune-related risk model and clinical features could accurately predict the OS (AUC=0.772, 0.786, and 0.817 at 3-, 5-, and 7-year OS, respectively). The 4 immune cell scores were lower in the high-risk group. Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) and basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor (BATF) showed a potential significant role in the immune-related risk signature. Conclusion Twelve immune-related genes signature and nomogram for assessing the OS of patients with EC had a good practical value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xingchen Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yibo Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianliu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Khaki-Khatibi F, Zeinali M, Ramezani B, Sabzichi M, Mohammadian J, Hamishehkar H. Harnessing WYE-132 as an inhibitor of the mTOR signaling enriches the cytotoxicity effect of vinblastine in B16F10 melanoma cancer cells. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
28
|
Liu XR, Yu JJ, Song GH, Di LJ, Jiang HF, Yan Y, Liang X, Zhang RY, Ran R, Wang J, Bai H, Jia SD, Li HP. Peripheral cytotoxic T lymphocyte predicts first-line progression free survival in HER2-positive advanced breast cancer. Breast 2020; 55:7-15. [PMID: 33296767 PMCID: PMC7723789 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of peripheral blood lymphocyte (pBL) in breast cancer has long been studied. However, the predictive role of pBL in advanced breast cancer (ABC) is poorly understood. Methods A total of 303 patients with ABC were consecutively recruited at our center between January 2015 and September 2019. At baseline, pBL subtypes were detected in all patients with 229 blood samples available for circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection. pBL was analyzed through flow cytometry. ctDNA-based gene mutations were detected using next generation sequencing. The cutoff value of pCTL was estimated by X-tile software. Progression free survival (PFS) was estimated by Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox hazard proportion regression model, with difference detection by log-rank test. Results Median follow-up time of the study was 21.0 months. The median age of diagnosis was 52.0 years. Among the pBL subtypes, only pCTL level was found predictive for PFS in the HER2+ patients whom received anti-HER2 therapy (13.1 vs. 5.6 months, P = 0.001). However, the predictive role of pCTL was not found in HR-positive (P = 0.716) and TNBC (P = 0.202). pCTL high associated with suppressive immune indictors including lower CD4/CD8 ratio (P = 0.004) and high level of Treg cell (P = 0.004). High occurrence of FGFR1 amplification which has been reported as immune suppressor was also found in HER2+ patients with pCTL high (22.2% vs. 4.3%, P = 0.048). Conclusions Higher pCTLs level associated with shorter PFS and FGFR1 mutation in HER2+ ABC patients. High pCTL level predicts shorter first-line PFS in HER2+ patients receiving anti-HER2 based regimens. The predictive role of pCTL level found in HER2+ patients was not applicable in HR+ and TNBC patients. High level of pCTL was associated with immunosuppressive status and FGFR1 mutations in HER2+ breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ran Liu
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road No.52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jian-Jun Yu
- Huidu Shanghai Medical Sciences, Wang-Yuan Road No.1698, Feng-Xian District, Shanghai, 201499, China
| | - Guo-Hong Song
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road No.52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Li-Jun Di
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road No.52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Han-Fang Jiang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road No.52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Ying Yan
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road No.52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xu Liang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road No.52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Ru-Yan Zhang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road No.52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Ran Ran
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road No.52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road No.52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Han Bai
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road No.52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Shi-Dong Jia
- Huidu Shanghai Medical Sciences, Wang-Yuan Road No.1698, Feng-Xian District, Shanghai, 201499, China
| | - Hui-Ping Li
- Department of Breast Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fu-Cheng Road No.52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Heat Shock Protein 90 Family Isoforms as Prognostic Biomarkers and Their Correlations with Immune Infiltration in Breast Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2148253. [PMID: 33145341 PMCID: PMC7596464 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2148253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The heat shock protein 90 (HSP90s) family is composed of molecular chaperones composed of four isoforms in humans, which has been widely reported as unregulated in various kinds of cancers. Nevertheless, the role of each HSP90s isoform in prognosis and immune infiltration in distinct subtypes of breast cancer (BRAC) remains unclear. Methods Public online databases including the Oncomine, UALCAN, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource (TIMER), Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), GeneMANIA, and Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) were integrated to perform bioinformatic analyses and to explore the possible associations among HSP90s gene expression, prognosis, and immune infiltration in BRAC. Results The mRNA expression of all HSP90s members was elevated in distinct clinical stages and subtypes of BRAC, compared with the normal breast tissue (P < 0.05). Overexpressed HSP90AA1 was associated with poor prognosis, particularly, both short overall survival (OS) and release-free survival (RFS) in Basal-like BRAC patients; overexpressed HSP90AB1 and HSP90B1 were both associated with poor RFS in Luminal A BRAC patients, while overexpressed TRAP1 was associated with favorable RFS in Luminal A BRAC patients. Moreover, HSP90s gene expression in BRAC showed correlations with the infiltration of CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs), as well as the activation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), DCs, and CD4+ helper T (Th) cells. The underlying mechanisms of HSP90s modulating tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) might be related with their functions in antigen processing and presentation, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) binding, and assisting client proteins. Conclusion This study demonstrated that HSP90s family genes were overexpressed and might be serve as prognostic biomarkers in subtypes of BRAC. It might be a novel breakthrough point of BRAC treatment to regulate immune infiltration in BRAC microenvironment for more effective anticancer immunity through pharmacological intervention of HSP90s.
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhu S, Han X, Qiao X, Chen S. The Immune Landscape and Prognostic Immune Key Genes Potentially Involved in Modulating Synaptic Functions in Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1330. [PMID: 32923385 PMCID: PMC7456865 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Increasing evidence has indicated an association between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and clinical outcome. The aim of this research is to investigate the influence of tumor microenvironment on the gene expression profile of TIICs and to identify their potential markers for modulating immune cell function in prostate cancer. Methods: In our research, CIBERSORT algorithm was utilized to calculate the proportion of the TIICs in 164 tumor and 18 control samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort. The differential expression analysis was conducted using R, and then the functional and the pathway enrichments of the DEGs were analyzed using Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery, followed by integrated regulatory network analysis. Results: As a result, nTreg, B cells, Th1, and DC cells were significantly increased, accompanied by largely decreased NK and NKT cells. The expressed immune-related gene correlation analysis showed that the signature gene expression extent of CD8 T cells was positively associated with CD4 memory activated T cells but negatively correlated with that of CD4 memory resting T cells. In addition, a total of 128 differentially expressed genes were identified. CytoHubba analysis obtained six hub genes, of which three prognostic-associated potential key molecules including CAV1, FLNA, and VCL were mainly involved in biological processes associated with the regulation of organic substance and synaptic connections. Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the landscape of TIICs and the roles of the hub genes which may be valuable markers in prostate cancer diagnosis and immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunity, Center of Infection and Immunization, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xu Han
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunity, Center of Infection and Immunization, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianli Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunity, Center of Infection and Immunization, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shengxian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunity, Center of Infection and Immunization, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|