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Wen Y, Yi F, Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhao C, Zhao B, Wang J. Uncovering the protective mechanism of baicalin in treatment of fatty liver based on network pharmacology and cell model of NAFLD. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 141:112954. [PMID: 39153306 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Excessive nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) impair cellular metabolism and will induce fatty liver formation in dairy cows during the periparturient. Baicalin, an active flavonoid, has great potential efficacy in alleviating lipid accumulation and ameliorating the development of fatty liver disease. Nevertheless, its mechanism remains unclear. Here, the potential mechanism of baicalin on system levels was explored using network pharmacology and in vitro experiments. Firstly, the target of baicalin and fatty liver disease was predicted, and then the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. In addition, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) (q-value) pathway enrichment is performed through the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) server. Finally, the results of the network analysis of the in vitro treatment of bovine hepatocytes by NEFA were confirmed. The results showed that 33 relevant targets of baicalin in the treatment of liver fatty were predicted by network pharmacology, and the top 20 relevant pathways were extracted by KEGG database. Baicalin treatment can reduce triglyceride (TAG) content and lipid droplet accumulation in NEFA-treated bovine hepatocytes, and the mechanism is related to inhibiting lipid synthesis and promoting lipid oxidation. The alleviating effect of baicalin on fatty liver may be related to the up-regulation of solute vector family member 4 (SLC2A4), Down-regulated AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), Interleukin 6 (IL-6) were associated. These results suggested that baicalin may modulate key inflammatory markers, and lipogenesis processes to prevent fatty liver development in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Fanxuan Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chenxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Baoyu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Zhu Z, Yu M, Xu M, Ji X, Zong X, Zhang Z, Shang W, Zhang L, Fang P. Baicalin suppresses macrophage JNK-mediated adipose tissue inflammation to mitigate insulin resistance in obesity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 332:118355. [PMID: 38762213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Radix scutellariae (the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used to treat a wide range of inflammation-related diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, diabetic kidney disease, and COVID-19-associated inflammatory states in the lung and kidney. Baicalin is the major anti-inflammatory component of Radix scutellariae and has shown the potential to inhibit inflammation in metabolic disorders. In this study, we explored the ability and underlying mechanisms of baicalin to modulate the macrophage to mitigate insulin resistance in obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Obese mice were administered baicalin (50 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally for 3 weeks. RAW264.7 and BMDM cells were stimulated with LPS and treated with baicalin for 24 h, while 3T3-L1 and primary white adipocytes were treated with the supernatants from baicalin-treated RAW264.7 cells for 24 h. RESULTS The results showed that baicalin significantly improved glucose and insulin tolerance as well as decreased fat and adipose tissue macrophage levels in obese mice. Besides, baicalin significantly reduced serum and adipose tissue IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 levels in obese mice, as well as suppressed LPS-induced IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 expression and release in macrophages. Furthermore, treatment with the supernatant from baicalin-treated RAW264.7 cells increased the levels of PGC-1α, SIRT1, p-IRS-1 and p-AKT in adipocytes. Moreover, baicalin treatment dramatically downregulated macrophage p-p38, p-JNK, and Ac-p65Lys310 levels while increasing SIRT1 both in vivo and in vitro. Importantly, JNK inhibitor SP600125 blocked most of the effects of baicalin on SIRT1, Ac-p65Lys310 and pro-inflammatory factors in macrophages. CONCLUSION Therefore, these results demonstrated for the first time that baicalin exerts its anti-inflammatory effects in obese adipose tissue macrophages mainly through suppressing JNK/SIRT1/p65 signaling. These findings amplified the mechanisms of baicalin and its potential to attenuate insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mengfan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xin Ji
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China
| | - Xicui Zong
- Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China.
| | - Wenbin Shang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, 225300, China.
| | - Penghua Fang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Dong X, Liu X, Lin D, Zhang L, Wu Y, Chang Y, Jin M, Huang G. Baicalin induces cell death of non-small cell lung cancer cells via MCOLN3-mediated lysosomal dysfunction and autophagy blockage. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 133:155872. [PMID: 39096542 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85 % of lung cancer, becoming the most mortality of all cancers globally. Blockage of autophagy in NSCLC represents a promising therapeutic strategy that inhibits angiogenesis and overcomes drug resistance. Natural ingredients in anti-tumor adjuvants are increasingly reported to promote cell death with less side effects and the potential to increase chemotherapeutic drugs sensitivity. Baicalin, a Scutellaria baicalensis-extracted flavonoid glycoside, is reported to induce death of NSCLC cells, however, its effects on autophagy in NSCLC cells remain unclear. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effect of baicalin on autophagic flux in NSCLC cells, unraveling the underlying mechanism including potential target and its role in cell death of NSCLC cells. METHODS In vitro anti-cancer effects of baicalin were verified by evaluating proliferation, clone formation, cell cycle, and cell migration in three NSCLC cell lines (A549, H1299, and PC-9). In vivo anti-tumor efficacies of baicalin were evaluated in subcutaneous xenograft tumor model in nude mice. Autophagy characterization in NSCLC cells included autophagic marker detection by western blot and immunofluorescence staining, subcellular structure observation by TEM, lysosomal function by RNA-seq and fluorescence staining (LysoTracker®, LysoSensor®, and acridine orange). Based on RNA-seq and molecular biological verification using apoptotic, autophagic, and lysosomal inhibitors, potential target molecule of baicalin was verified via Ca2+ flux assay, MCOLN3 knockdown by shRNA, and virtual molecular docking. RESULTS Baicalin inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation and migration, and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Baicalin blocked the autophagic flux via activating the membranal cation channel MCOLN3 of lysosome, which disrupted its Ca2+ balance and induced lysosome dysfunction, leading to failure of autolysosome degradation. The cytoplasmic Ca2+ imbalance further resulted in depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potentials and ROS accumulation in NSCLC cells, mediating autophagy-related apoptosis. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that baicalin inhibited autolysosome degradation by activating MCOLN3, leading to dysfunction in lysosomal pH elevation, thereby inhibiting autophagy in NSCLC, leading to apoptotic death of NSCLC cells. These findings enriched the existing theories of cancer therapy based on autophagy inhibition and underlying mechanisms of flavonoids as antitumor agents, paving the way for their clinical application in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Dong
- School of Graduate, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai Lun Rd. Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Shanghai 201318, China; College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Xiyu Liu
- School of Graduate, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai Lun Rd. Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Dan Lin
- College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Shanghai 201318, China.
| | - Lian Zhang
- School of Graduate, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai Lun Rd. Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Shanghai 201318, China; Department of Radiology, Jiading Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 222 Bo Le Rd. Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Middle Zhi Jiang Rd. Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Yuzhen Chang
- School of Graduate, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai Lun Rd. Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Mingming Jin
- School of Graduate, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai Lun Rd. Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Shanghai 201318, China.
| | - Gang Huang
- School of Graduate, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai Lun Rd. Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Shanghai 201318, China.
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Yang Y, Wang X. Nano-drug delivery systems (NDDS) in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): current status, prospects and challenges. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1419384. [PMID: 39166109 PMCID: PMC11333238 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1419384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
About one-third of the global population suffers from metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), but specific treatments for MASLD have long been lacking, primarily due to the unclear etiology of the disease. In addition to lifestyle modifications and weight loss surgery, pharmacotherapy is the most common treatment among MASLD patients, and these drugs typically target the pathogenic factors of MASLD. However, bioavailability, efficacy, and side effects all limit the maximum therapeutic potential of the drugs. With the development of nanomedicine, recent years have seen attempts to combine MASLD pharmacotherapy with nanomaterials, such as liposomes, polymer nanoparticles, micelles, and cocrystals, which effectively improves the water solubility and targeting of the drugs, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy and reducing toxic side effects, offering new perspectives and futures for the treatment of MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, China
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Banerjee T, Sarkar A, Ali SZ, Bhowmik R, Karmakar S, Halder AK, Ghosh N. Bioprotective Role of Phytocompounds Against the Pathogenesis of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease to Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis: Unravelling Underlying Molecular Mechanisms. PLANTA MEDICA 2024; 90:675-707. [PMID: 38458248 DOI: 10.1055/a-2277-4805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), with a global prevalence of 25%, continues to escalate, creating noteworthy concerns towards the global health burden. NAFLD causes triglycerides and free fatty acids to build up in the liver. The excessive fat build-up causes inflammation and damages the healthy hepatocytes, leading to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Dietary habits, obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia influence NAFLD progression. The disease burden is complicated due to the paucity of therapeutic interventions. Obeticholic acid is the only approved therapeutic agent for NAFLD. With more scientific enterprise being directed towards the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of NAFLD, novel targets like lipid synthase, farnesoid X receptor signalling, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors associated with inflammatory signalling, and hepatocellular injury have played a crucial role in the progression of NAFLD to NASH. Phytocompounds have shown promising results in modulating hepatic lipid metabolism and de novo lipogenesis, suggesting their possible role in managing NAFLD. This review discusses the ameliorative role of different classes of phytochemicals with molecular mechanisms in different cell lines and established animal models. These compounds may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for NAFLD progression to NASH. This review also deliberates on phytomolecules undergoing clinical trials for effective management of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Arnab Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Sk Zeeshan Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Rudranil Bhowmik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Sanmoy Karmakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Amit Kumar Halder
- Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Dr. Meghnad Saha Sarani, Bidhannagar, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Nilanjan Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
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Unagolla JM, Das S, Flanagan R, Oehler M, Menon JU. Targeting chronic liver diseases: Molecular markers, drug delivery strategies and future perspectives. Int J Pharm 2024; 660:124381. [PMID: 38917958 PMCID: PMC11246230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Chronic liver inflammation, a pervasive global health issue, results in millions of annual deaths due to its progression from fibrosis to the more severe forms of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This insidious condition stems from diverse factors such as obesity, genetic conditions, alcohol abuse, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, and toxic accumulation, manifesting as chronic liver diseases (CLDs) such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), viral hepatitis, drug-induced liver injury, and autoimmune hepatitis. Late detection of CLDs necessitates effective treatments to inhibit and potentially reverse disease progression. However, current therapies exhibit limitations in consistency and safety. A potential breakthrough lies in nanoparticle-based drug delivery strategies, offering targeted delivery to specific liver cell types, such as hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and hepatic stellate cells. This review explores molecular targets for CLD treatment, ongoing clinical trials, recent advances in nanoparticle-based drug delivery, and the future outlook of this research field. Early intervention is crucial for chronic liver disease. Having a comprehensive understanding of current treatments, molecular biomarkers and novel nanoparticle-based drug delivery strategies can have enormous impact in guiding future strategies for the prevention and treatment of CLDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janitha M Unagolla
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Subarna Das
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Riley Flanagan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Marin Oehler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Jyothi U Menon
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
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7
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Huang L, Huang XH, Yang X, Hu JQ, Zhu YZ, Yan PY, Xie Y. Novel nano-drug delivery system for natural products and their application. Pharmacol Res 2024; 201:107100. [PMID: 38341055 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The development of natural products for potential new drugs faces obstacles such as unknown mechanisms, poor solubility, and limited bioavailability, which limit the broadened applicability of natural products. Therefore, there is a need for advanced pharmaceutical formulations of active compounds or natural products. In recent years, novel nano-drug delivery systems (NDDS) for natural products, including nanosuspensions, nanoliposomes, micelle, microemulsions/self-microemulsions, nanocapsules, and solid lipid nanoparticles, have been developed to improve solubility, bioavailability, and tissue distribution as well as for prolonged retention and enhanced permeation. Here, we updated the NDDS delivery systems used for natural products with the potential enhancement in therapeutic efficiency observed with nano-delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xue-Hua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jia-Qin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yi-Zhun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Pei-Yu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Ying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Chen W, Zhang K, Cui H, Li J, Yao D, Wang S, Tian X, Kou W, Huang J, Wang H, Wang J. Baicalin-2-ethoxyethyl ester alleviates gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury via NF-κB signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116276. [PMID: 38377733 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug nephrotoxicity has high fatality rates and complications. To study this conditional, traditionally, Gentamicin (GM) is used to induce acute injury and establish a nephrotic syndrome model. Baicalin, a flavonoid derived from baicalin with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, has been used to treat various inflammatory diseases. This study aims to investigate the process of baicalin-2-ethoxyethyl ester (BAE) synthesis and its therapeutic effect on GM-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Briefly, baicalin was processed by various reactions to yield BAE. A GM-induced AKI model was established for in vivo evaluation of the protective effect and mechanism of BAE. The results indicated that BAE reduced serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels and improved pathological alterations, inflammatory responses, and oxidative stress in renal tissues. Furthermore, it was revealed that BAE might exert anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative responses during AKI via the NF-κB signaling pathway regulation. The findings imply that BAE has a protective impact on the kidneys and might serve as a potent medicine for treating renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China.
| | - Huanyue Cui
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Jiacun Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Dahong Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shuyun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Weibing Kou
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China) Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; Shenzhen Honghui Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Hangyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China.
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China) Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; Shenzhen Honghui Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China.
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Wang R, Wang C, Lu L, Yuan F, He F. Baicalin and baicalein in modulating tumor microenvironment for cancer treatment: A comprehensive review with future perspectives. Pharmacol Res 2024; 199:107032. [PMID: 38061594 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. The burden of cancer incidence and mortality is increasing rapidly. New approaches to cancer prevention and treatment are urgently needed. Natural products are reliable and powerful sources for anticancer drug discovery. Baicalin and baicalein, two major flavones isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, a multi-purpose traditional medicinal plant in China, exhibit anticancer activities against multiple cancers. Of note, these phytochemicals exhibit extremely low toxicity to normal cells. Besides their cytotoxic and cytostatic activities toward diverse tumor cells, recent studies demonstrated that baicalin and baicalein modulate a variety of tumor stromal cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is essential for tumorigenesis, cancer progression and metastasis. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic potential and the mechanism of action of baicalin and baicalein in the regulation of tumor microenvironmental immune cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and ECM that reshape the TME and cancer signaling, leading to inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, progression, and metastasis. In addition, we discuss the biotransformation pathways of baicalin and baicalein, related therapeutic challenges and the future research directions to improve their bioavailability and clinical anticancer applications. Recent advances of baicalin and baicalein warrant their continued study as important natural ways for cancer interception and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolei Wang
- The Center for Cancer Research, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- The Center for Cancer Research, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lianheng Lu
- The Center for Cancer Research, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fuwen Yuan
- The Center for Cancer Research, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Feng He
- The Center for Cancer Research, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Chang J, Huang C, Li S, Jiang X, Chang H, Li M. Research Progress Regarding the Effect and Mechanism of Dietary Polyphenols in Liver Fibrosis. Molecules 2023; 29:127. [PMID: 38202710 PMCID: PMC10779665 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of liver fibrosis is a result of chronic liver injuries may progress to liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. In recent years, liver fibrosis has become a major global problem, and the incidence rate and mortality are increasing year by year. However, there are currently no approved treatments. Research on anti-liver-fibrosis drugs is a top priority. Dietary polyphenols, such as plant secondary metabolites, have remarkable abilities to reduce lipid metabolism, insulin resistance and inflammation, and are attracting more and more attention as potential drugs for the treatment of liver diseases. Gradually, dietary polyphenols are becoming the focus for providing an improvement in the treatment of liver fibrosis. The impact of dietary polyphenols on the composition of intestinal microbiota and the subsequent production of intestinal microbial metabolites has been observed to indirectly modulate signaling pathways in the liver, thereby exerting regulatory effects on liver disease. In conclusion, there is evidence that dietary polyphenols can be therapeutically useful in preventing and treating liver fibrosis, and we highlight new perspectives and key questions for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China; (J.C.); (C.H.); (S.L.); (X.J.)
| | - Congying Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China; (J.C.); (C.H.); (S.L.); (X.J.)
| | - Siqi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China; (J.C.); (C.H.); (S.L.); (X.J.)
| | - Xiaolei Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China; (J.C.); (C.H.); (S.L.); (X.J.)
| | - Hong Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China; (J.C.); (C.H.); (S.L.); (X.J.)
| | - Minhui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China; (J.C.); (C.H.); (S.L.); (X.J.)
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot 010020, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Characteristic Geoherbs Resources Protection and Utilization, Baotou 014040, China
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Tian J, Cai M, Jin S, Chen Q, Xu J, Guo Q, Yan Z, Han X, Lu H. JianPi-QingHua formula attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating the AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB pathway in high-fat-diet-fed C57BL/6 mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:647-656. [PMID: 37038833 PMCID: PMC10101667 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2188549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease, accompanied by liver lipid accumulation and inflammation. JianPi-QingHua formula (JPQH), a Chinese herbal formula, exhibits effects on obesity and T2DM. However, the hepatoprotective effect of JPQH has not been elucidated. OBJECTIVE To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of JPQH in NAFLD induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups and fed a normal-fat diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD + JPQH (2.5 g/kg), or HFD + metformin (300 mg/kg) for 6 weeks, respectively. Furthermore, the body weight, epididymal fat mass, blood glucose, and liver weight were measured. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were performed. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Oil Red O staining were observed in hepatic histopathological changes. Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were utilized to assess the key protein expression of hepatic lipid metabolism and inflammation. RESULTS Compared with the HFD group, JPQH could reduce body weight, epididymal fat mass, blood glucose and liver weight (p < 0.05), and markedly decreased the levels of serum TC, TG, ALT, AST (p < 0.05). Additionally, JPQH improved liver pathological changes. Consistent with the hepatic histological analysis, JPQH intervention suppressed lipid accumulation and inflammatory responses. Mechanistically, JPQH boosted SIRT1/AMPK signalling, and attenuated NF-κB pathway, which suppressed inflammatory responses. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that JPQH supplementation protected against HFD-induced NAFLD by regulating SIRT1/AMPK/NF-κB pathway, which provides a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- Diabetes Research Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Mengjie Cai
- Diabetes Research Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shenyi Jin
- Diabetes Research Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qingguang Chen
- Diabetes Research Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Diabetes Research Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyue Guo
- Diabetes Research Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zihui Yan
- Diabetes Research Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xu Han
- Diabetes Research Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hao Lu
- Diabetes Research Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Wei X, Lin L, Yuan QQ, Wang XY, Zhang Q, Zhang XM, Tang KC, Guo MY, Dong TY, Han W, Huang DK, Qi YL, Zhang M, Zhang HB. Bavachin protects against diet-induced hepatic steatosis and obesity in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:1416-1428. [PMID: 36721007 PMCID: PMC10310714 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01056-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health concern worldwide, and the incidence of metabolic disorders associated with NAFLD is rapidly increasing because of the obesity epidemic. There are currently no approved drugs that prevent or treat NAFLD. Recent evidence shows that bavachin, a flavonoid isolated from the seeds and fruits of Psoralea corylifolia L., increases the transcriptional activity of PPARγ and insulin sensitivity during preadipocyte differentiation, but the effect of bavachin on glucose and lipid metabolism remains unclear. In the current study we investigated the effects of bavachin on obesity-associated NAFLD in vivo and in vitro. In mouse primary hepatocytes and Huh7 cells, treatment with bavachin (20 μM) significantly suppressed PA/OA or high glucose/high insulin-induced increases in the expression of fatty acid synthesis-related genes and the number and size of lipid droplets. Furthermore, bavachin treatment markedly elevated the phosphorylation levels of AKT and GSK-3β, improving the insulin signaling activity in the cells. In HFD-induced obese mice, administration of bavachin (30 mg/kg, i.p. every other day for 8 weeks) efficiently attenuated the increases in body weight, liver weight, blood glucose, and liver and serum triglyceride contents. Moreover, bavachin administration significantly alleviated hepatic inflammation and ameliorated HFD-induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. We demonstrated that bavachin protected against HFD-induced obesity by inducing fat thermogenesis and browning subcutaneous white adipose tissue (subWAT). We revealed that bavachin repressed the expression of lipid synthesis genes in the liver of obese mice, while promoting the expression of thermogenesis, browning, and mitochondrial respiration-related genes in subWAT and brown adipose tissue (BAT) in the mice. In conclusion, bavachin attenuates hepatic steatosis and obesity by repressing de novo lipogenesis, inducing fat thermogenesis and browning subWAT, suggesting that bavachin is a potential drug for NAFLD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qian-Qian Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiu-Yun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Min Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ke-Chao Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Man-Yu Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ting-Yu Dong
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Da-Ke Huang
- Synthetic Laboratory of School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yin-Liang Qi
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Sciences and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, 230001, China.
| | - Hua-Bing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou), Chuzhou, 239001, China.
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Li Z, Ouyang H, Zhu J. Traditional Chinese medicines and natural products targeting immune cells in the treatment of metabolic-related fatty liver disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1195146. [PMID: 37361209 PMCID: PMC10289001 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1195146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
MAFLD stands for metabolic-related fatty liver disease, which is a prevalent liver disease affecting one-third of adults worldwide, and is strongly associated with obesity, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes. It encompasses a broad spectrum of conditions ranging from simple liver fat accumulation to advanced stages like chronic inflammation, tissue damage, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. With limited approved drugs for MAFLD, identifying promising drug targets and developing effective treatment strategies is essential. The liver plays a critical role in regulating human immunity, and enriching innate and adaptive immune cells in the liver can significantly improve the pathological state of MAFLD. In the modern era of drug discovery, there is increasing evidence that traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, natural products and herb components can effectively treat MAFLD. Our study aims to review the current evidence supporting the potential benefits of such treatments, specifically targeting immune cells that are responsible for the pathogenesis of MAFLD. By providing new insights into the development of traditional drugs for the treatment of MAFLD, our findings may pave the way for more effective and targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Wen Y, Wang Y, Zhao C, Zhao B, Wang J. The Pharmacological Efficacy of Baicalin in Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119317. [PMID: 37298268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalin is one of the most abundant flavonoids found in the dried roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG) belonging to the genus Scutellaria. While baicalin is demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitumor, antibacterial, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects, its low hydrophilicity and lipophilicity limit the bioavailability and pharmacological functions. Therefore, an in-depth study of baicalin's bioavailability and pharmacokinetics contributes to laying the theoretical foundation for applied research in disease treatment. In this view, the physicochemical properties and anti-inflammatory activity of baicalin are summarized in terms of bioavailability, drug interaction, and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Chenxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Baoyu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
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Xiong P, Zhang F, Liu F, Zhao J, Huang X, Luo D, Guo J. Metaflammation in glucolipid metabolic disorders: Pathogenesis and treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114545. [PMID: 36948135 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The public health issue of glucolipid metabolic disorders (GLMD) has grown significantly, posing a grave threat to human wellness. Its prevalence is rising yearly and tends to affect younger people. Metaflammation is an important mechanism regulating body metabolism. Through a complicated multi-organ crosstalk network involving numerous signaling pathways such as NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1, NF-B, p38 MAPK, IL-6/STAT3, and PI3K/AKT, it influences systemic metabolic regulation. Numerous inflammatory mediators are essential for preserving metabolic balance, but more research is needed to determine how they contribute to the co-morbidities of numerous metabolic diseases. Whether controlling the inflammatory response can influence the progression of GLMD determines the therapeutic strategy for such diseases. This review thoroughly examines the role of metaflammation in GLMD and combs the research progress of related therapeutic approaches, including inflammatory factor-targeting drugs, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and exercise therapy. Multiple metabolic diseases, including diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular disease, and others, respond therapeutically to anti-inflammatory therapy on the whole. Moreover, we emphasize the value and open question of anti-inflammatory-based means for treating GLMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingjie Xiong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Fang Liu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jiayu Zhao
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Huang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China.
| | - Duosheng Luo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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16
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Guan X, Shen S, Liu J, Song H, Chang J, Mao X, Song J, Zhang L, Liu C. Protective effecs of baicalin magnesium on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis rats are based on inhibiting NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:72. [PMID: 36879310 PMCID: PMC9987046 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03903-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalin magnesium is a water-soluble compound isolated from the aqueous solution by Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Preliminary experiments have demonstrated that baicalin magnesium can exert protective effects against acute liver injury in rats induced by carbon tetrachloride or lipopolysaccharide combined with d-galactose by regulating lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of baicalin magnesium on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in rats and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. NASH was induced through a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks, and Sprague-Dawley rats were intravenously injected with baicalin magnesium, baicalin, and magnesium sulfate for 2 weeks, respectively. Serum was obtained for biochemical analyses and the determination of oxidative stress indicators. Liver tissues were collected for use in liver index assessment, histopathological examination, inflammatory factor analysis, and protein and gene expression analysis. The results revealed that baicalin magnesium markedly improved HFD-induced lipid deposition, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and histopathological impairments. And baicalin magnesium may exert a protective effect on NASH rats by inhibiting the NLR family pyrin domain involving the 3 (NLRP3)/caspase-1/interleukin (IL)-1β inflammatory pathway. Additionally, the effect of baicalin magnesium was remarkably superior to that of equimolar baicalin and magnesium sulfate in regard to ameliorating NASH symptoms. In conclusion, the findings suggested that baicalin magnesium may represent a potential drug for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulu Guan
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Anyuan Road, Shuangqiao District, Chengde, 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shiyuan Shen
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Anyuan Road, Shuangqiao District, Chengde, 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jinxia Liu
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Anyuan Road, Shuangqiao District, Chengde, 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hongru Song
- Heibei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Jinhua Chang
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Anyuan Road, Shuangqiao District, Chengde, 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiaoxia Mao
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Anyuan Road, Shuangqiao District, Chengde, 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jingyu Song
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Anyuan Road, Shuangqiao District, Chengde, 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Anyuan Road, Shuangqiao District, Chengde, 067000, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Cuizhe Liu
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development for Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Anyuan Road, Shuangqiao District, Chengde, 067000, Hebei Province, China.
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Yan BF, Wang Y, Wang WB, Ding XJ, Wei B, Liu SJ, Fu TM, Chen L, Zhang JZ, Liu J, Zheng X. Huangqin decoction mitigates hepatic inflammation in high-fat diet-challenged rats by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:115999. [PMID: 36509260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic hepatopathy worldwide, in which ectopic steatosis (5%) and inflammatory infiltration in the liver are the principal clinical characteristics. Huangqin decoction (HQD), a Chinese medicine formula used in the clinic for thousands of years, presents appreciable anti-inflammatory effects. Nevertheless, the role and mechanism of HQD against inflammation in NAFLD are still undefined. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this study was to evaluate the curative efficacy and unravel the involved mechanism of HQD on a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, HPLC was utilized to analyze the main chemical components of HQD. Then, NAFLD model was introduced by subjecting the rats to HFD for 16 weeks, and HQD (400 and 800 mg/kg) or polyene lecithin choline (PLC, 8 mg/kg) was given orally from week 8-16. Pharmacodynamic indicators including body weight, liver weight, liver index, as well as biochemical and histological parameters were assessed. As to mechanism exploration, the expressions of TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway and molecular docking between major phytochemicals of HQD and key targets of TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway were investigated. RESULTS Seven main monomeric constituents of HQD were revealed by HPLC analysis. Of note, HQD could effectively attenuate the body weight, liver weight, and liver index, rescue disorders in serum transaminases and lipid profile, correct hepatic histological abnormalities, and reduce phagocytes infiltration into the liver and pro-inflammatory cytokines release in NAFLD rats. Mechanism investigation discovered that HQD harbored inhibitory effects on TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway-regulated liver inflammation. Further exploration found that seven phytochemicals in HQD exhibited better binding modes with TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway, in which baicalein, baicalin and liquiritin presented the highest affinity and docking score for protein TLR4, NF-κB, and NLRP3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirmed that HQD ameliorated hepatic inflammation in NAFLD rats by blocking the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway, with multi-components and multi-targets action pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Fei Yan
- Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, 211800, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, the Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, 223002, PR China
| | - Wen-Bo Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jun Ding
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, PR China
| | - Bin Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, PR China
| | - Sheng-Jin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Ting-Ming Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Ling Chen
- Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, 211800, PR China
| | | | - Jia Liu
- Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, 211800, PR China.
| | - Xian Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, PR China.
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Li L, Liu Q, Shi L, Zhou X, Wu W, Wang X, Wang L, Wu Z. Baicalin prevents fibrosis of human trabecular meshwork cells via inhibiting the MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 938:175425. [PMID: 36442621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Trabecular meshwork fibrosis contributes to increased aqueous humor outflow resistance, leading to elevated intraocular pressure in primary open-angle glaucoma. Baicalin, an extract from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has shown anti-fibrotic effects in liver, lung, and kidney diseases. However, its anti-fibrotic effect on human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells has not yet been clarified. In this study, we investigated its effects on TGF-β2-induced HTM fibrosis as well as the underlying regulatory mechanisms. HTM cells were pretreated with baicalin, TAK-242, and baicalin + TAK-242 for 2 h followed by treatment with or without 5 ng/mL TGF-β2 for 48 h. Cell viability was assayed using cell counting Kit-8 and fibronectin (FN), laminin (LN), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were assessed by western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunocytochemistry. Further, the protein and gene expression levels of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway (TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB p65) were also examined by western blotting and RT-PCR, respectively. Thus, we observed that high doses of baicalin (40 μM) decreased (p < 0.1) HTM cell viability and 20 μM baicalin pretreatment was identified as the optimum pretreatment concentration. TGF-β2 upregulated (p < 0.5) the expression of FN, LN, α-SMA, MyD88, NF-κB p65 proteins and mRNA in HTM cells, and these effects were inhibited by baicalin and TAK-242 (p < 0.5). However, western blot analysis showed that baicalin did not repress TLR4 expression in HTM cells. Therefore, our findings suggested that baicalin could prevent TGF-β2-induced extracellular matrix (FN, LN) deposition and α-SMA expression in HTM cells by inhibiting the MyD88/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China; Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, BeiJing, 100039, China; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100005, China; Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Lijuan Shi
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China; Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, BeiJing, 100039, China
| | - Xibin Zhou
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, BeiJing, 100039, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, BeiJing, 100039, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, BeiJing, 100039, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, BeiJing, 100039, China
| | - Zhihong Wu
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, BeiJing, 100039, China.
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Wei Q, Hao X, Lau BWM, Wang S, Li Y. Baicalin regulates stem cells as a creative point in the treatment of climacteric syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:986436. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.986436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphical AbstractThis review summarizes the regulatory role of Baicalin on the diverse behaviors of distinct stem cell populations and emphasizes the potential applications of Baicalin and stem cell therapy in climacteric syndrome.
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Khanmohammadi S, Kuchay MS. Toll-like receptors and metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease. Pharmacol Res 2022; 185:106507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Bao M, Ma Y, Liang M, Sun X, Ju X, Yong Y, Liu X. Research progress on pharmacological effects and new dosage forms of baicalin. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:2773-2784. [DOI: 10.1002/vms3.960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Minglong Bao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Mei Liang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Sun
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang P. R. China
| | - Xianghong Ju
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Yong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang P. R. China
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22
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Santos FH, Panda SK, Ferreira DCM, Dey G, Molina G, Pelissari FM. Targeting infections and inflammation through micro and nano-nutraceuticals. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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23
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Wang S, Du Q, Meng X, Zhang Y. Natural polyphenols: a potential prevention and treatment strategy for metabolic syndrome. Food Funct 2022; 13:9734-9753. [PMID: 36134531 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01552h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is the term for a combination of hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and central obesity as factors leading to cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Epidemiological investigation has shown that polyphenol intake is negatively correlated with the incidence of MS. Natural polyphenols are widely found in cocoa beans, tea, vegetables, fruits, and some Chinese herbal medicines; they are a class of plant compounds containing a variety of phenolic structural units, which are potent antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents in plants. Polyphenols are composed of flavonoids (such as flavanols, anthocyanidins, anthocyanins, isoflavones, etc.) and non-flavonoids (such as phenolic acids, stilbenes, and lignans). Modern pharmacological studies have proved that polyphenols can reduce blood pressure, improve lipid metabolism, lower blood glucose, and reduce body weight, thereby preventing and improving MS. Due to the unique characteristics and potential development and application value of polyphenols, this review summarizes some natural polyphenols that could treat MS, including their chemical properties, plant sources, and pharmacological action against MS, to provide a basis for the further study of polyphenols in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qinyun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Ganguly R, Gupta A, Pandey AK. Role of baicalin as a potential therapeutic agent in hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal disorders: A review. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3047-3062. [PMID: 36051349 PMCID: PMC9331529 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i26.3047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalin is a natural bioactive compound derived from Scutellaria baicalensis, which is extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine. A literature survey demonstrated the broad spectrum of health benefits of baicalin such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cardio-protective, hepatoprotective, renal protective, and neuroprotective properties. Baicalin is hydrolyzed to its metabolite baicalein by the action of gut microbiota, which is further reconverted to baicalin via phase 2 metabolism in the liver. Many studies have suggested that baicalin exhibits therapeutic potential against several types of hepatic disorders including hepatic fibrosis, xenobiotic-induced liver injury, fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis, cholestasis, ulcerative colitis, hepatocellular and colorectal cancer. During in vitro and in vivo examinations, it has been observed that baicalin showed a protective role against liver and gut-associated abnormalities by modifying several signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-kappa B, transforming growth factor beta 1/SMAD3, sirtuin 1, p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase/Janus kinase, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinaseβ/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase pathways. Furthermore, baicalin also regulates the expression of fibrotic genes such as smooth muscle actin, connective tissue growth factor, β-catenin, and inflammatory cytokines such as interferon gamma, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-1β, and attenuates the production of apoptotic proteins such as caspase-3, caspase-9 and B-cell lymphoma 2. However, due to its low solubility and poor bioavailability, widespread therapeutic applications of baicalin still remain a challenge. This review summarized the hepatic and gastrointestinal protective attributes of baicalin with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms that regulate the interaction of baicalin with the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risha Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhay K Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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MFG-E8 Knockout Aggravated Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis by Promoting the Activation of TLR4/NF- κB Signaling in Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:5791915. [PMID: 35769208 PMCID: PMC9236848 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5791915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the common liver disease characterized by hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis; there are no approved drugs to treat this disease because of incomplete understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms of NASH. Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor-factor 8 (MFG-E8), a multifunctional glycoprotein, has shown anti-inflammation and antifibrosis. Here, MFG-E8 was shown to play a key role in NASH progression. Using methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet-fed mice, we found MFG-E8 knockout exacerbated hepatic damage and steatosis as indicated by increased plasma transaminases activities and hepatic histopathologic change, higher hepatic triglycerides (TGs), and lipid accumulation. Moreover, liver fibrosis and inflammation elicited by MCD were aggravated in MFG-E8 knockout mice. Mechanistically, MFG-E8 knockout facilitated activation of hepatic toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in MCD-fed mice. In vitro experiment, the TLR4 specific antagonist TAK-242 rescued palmitic acid- (PA-) primed lipid formation and inflammation in MFG-E8 knockout primary murine hepatocytes. These findings indicated that MFG-E8 is involved in the progression of NASH and the possible mechanism by which MFG-E8 knockout exacerbated NASH in mice is associated with activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Xu W, Niu Y, Ai X, Xia C, Geng P, Zhu H, Zhou W, Huang H, Shi X. Liver-Targeted Nanoparticles Facilitate the Bioavailability and Anti-HBV Efficacy of Baicalin In Vitro and In Vivo. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040900. [PMID: 35453650 PMCID: PMC9025464 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) efficacy of baicalin (BA) is mediated by HBV-related hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNFs). However, this efficacy is severely limited by the low bioavailability of BA. Therefore, a novel liver-targeted BA liposome was constructed to promote the bioavailability and antiviral ability of BA. The results showed that apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1)–modified liposomes (BAA1) significantly enhanced BA’s cellular uptake and specific distribution in the liver. Furthermore, the substantial inhibitory effects of BAA1 on HBsAg, HBeAg, HBV RNA, and HBV DNA were assessed in HB-infected cells and mice. Western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation, and transcriptomics analysis further revealed that the enhanced anti-HBV efficacy of BAA1 was attributed to the interaction between hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNFs) and estrogen receptors (ERs). Based on the findings, we propose that the ApoA1-modified liposomes aid BA in inhibiting HBV transcription and replication by augmenting its bioavailability and the HNFs–ERs axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Xu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.X.); (Y.N.); (X.A.); (C.X.); (P.G.); (H.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Yijun Niu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.X.); (Y.N.); (X.A.); (C.X.); (P.G.); (H.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Xin Ai
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.X.); (Y.N.); (X.A.); (C.X.); (P.G.); (H.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Chengjie Xia
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.X.); (Y.N.); (X.A.); (C.X.); (P.G.); (H.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Ping Geng
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.X.); (Y.N.); (X.A.); (C.X.); (P.G.); (H.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.X.); (Y.N.); (X.A.); (C.X.); (P.G.); (H.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Han Dan Road, Shanghai 200433, China;
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.X.); (Y.N.); (X.A.); (C.X.); (P.G.); (H.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Xunlong Shi
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.X.); (Y.N.); (X.A.); (C.X.); (P.G.); (H.Z.); (H.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-54237431; Fax: +86-21-51980037
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27
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Ke PY, Chang CW, Hsiao YC. Baicalein Activates Parkin-Dependent Mitophagy through NDP52 and OPTN. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071132. [PMID: 35406696 PMCID: PMC8997844 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The elimination of intracellular components by autophagy maintains metabolic homeostasis and is a quality-control pathway that enables organelle regeneration. Mitophagy is a type of selective autophagy that regulates mitochondrial turnover, and the dysregulation of mitophagy has been implicated in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. However, the detailed molecular mechanism underlying mitophagy regulation in liver cells remains unclear, and the small molecules that may potentially modulate hepatic mitophagy are still unavailable. Here, we report that baicalein, a flavonoid extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis, induces the entire autophagy that proceeds through the autolysosome maturation stage in human hepatoma cells. In addition, baicalein-induced autophagy is demonstrated to target mitochondria for degradation. Further studies show that baicalein triggers the translocation of Parkin and TBK1 to mitochondria to induce mitophagy. Moreover, the phosphorylation of TBK1 at Ser172 and ubiquitin at Ser65 is shown to trigger mitophagy in baicalein-treated cells. Furthermore, two specific autophagy cargo receptors, NDP52 and OPTN, that function in baicalein-activated mitophagy are identified. Taken together, these findings not only delineate the molecular process of Parkin-dependent mitophagy in liver cells, but also reveal baicalein as a novel inducer of hepatic mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yuan Ke
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (C.-W.C.); (Y.-C.H.)
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-2118800 (ext. 5115); Fax: +886-3-211-8700
| | - Chih-Wei Chang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (C.-W.C.); (Y.-C.H.)
| | - Yuan-Chao Hsiao
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (C.-W.C.); (Y.-C.H.)
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28
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Ibrahim A, Nasr M, El-Sherbiny IM. Baicalin as an emerging magical nutraceutical molecule: Emphasis on pharmacological properties and advances in pharmaceutical delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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29
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He Q, Sun X, Zhang M, Chu L, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Zhang J, Han X, Guan S, Ding C. Protective effect of baicalin against arsenic trioxide-induced acute hepatic injury in mice through JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:20587384211073397. [PMID: 35088608 PMCID: PMC8801635 DOI: 10.1177/20587384211073397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Baicalin (BA) is a kind of flavonoid that is isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which has been verified to have hepatoprotective effects in some diseases. However, the role of BA in acute hepatic injury induced by arsenic trioxide (ATO) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective action of BA on acute hepatic injury induced by ATO and to probe its possible mechanism. Mice were pretreated with BA (50, 100 mg/kg) by gavage. After 7 h, ATO (7.5 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally to induce liver injury. After 7 days of treatment, serum and hepatic specimens were collected and assayed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of BA. Pathological sections and the liver function index indicated that ATO caused significant liver injury. The fluorescence of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress indicators showed that ATO also increased oxidative stress. The inflammatory markers in ATO-induced mice also increased significantly. Staining of the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling and apoptotic factor assay showed that apoptosis increased. However, with BA pretreatment, these changes were significantly weakened. In addition, BA treatment promoted the expression of proteins related to the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. The results suggest that BA can ameliorate acute ATO-induced hepatic injury in mice, which is related to the inhibition of oxidative stress, thereby reducing inflammation and apoptosis. The mechanism of this protection is potentially related to the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian He
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoqi Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Muqing Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongchao Wu
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xue Han
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shengjiang Guan
- Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Shengjiang Guan, Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, No. 3, Xingyuan Road, Luquan Economic Development Zone, Luquan District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, China.
| | - Chao Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Bethune International Peace Hospital of PLA, Shijiazhuang, China
- Chao Ding, Department of Cardiology, Bethune International Peace Hospital of PLA, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, China. Email
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Tang R, Li R, Li H, Ma XL, Du P, Yu XY, Ren L, Wang LL, Zheng WS. Design of Hepatic Targeted Drug Delivery Systems for Natural Products: Insights into Nomenclature Revision of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17016-17046. [PMID: 34705426 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently renamed metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), affects a quarter of the worldwide population. Natural products have been extensively utilized in treating NAFLD because of their distinctive advantages over chemotherapeutic drugs, despite the fact that there are no approved drugs for therapy. Notably, the limitations of many natural products, such as poor water solubility, low bioavailability in vivo, low hepatic distribution, and lack of targeted effects, have severely restricted their clinical application. These issues could be resolved via hepatic targeted drug delivery systems (HTDDS) that boost clinical efficacy in treating NAFLD and decrease the adverse effects on other organs. Herein an overview of natural products comprising formulas, single medicinal plants, and their crude extracts has been presented to treat NAFLD. Also, the clinical efficacy and molecular mechanism of active monomer compounds against NAFLD are systematically discussed. The targeted delivery of natural products via HTDDS has been explored to provide a different nanotechnology-based NAFLD treatment strategy and to make suggestions for natural-product-based targeted nanocarrier design. Finally, the challenges and opportunities put forth by the nomenclature update of NAFLD are outlined along with insights into how to improve the NAFLD therapy and how to design more rigorous nanocarriers for the HTDDS. In brief, we summarize the up-to-date developments of the NAFLD-HTDDS based on natural products and provide viewpoints for the establishment of more stringent anti-NAFLD natural-product-targeted nanoformulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou Tang
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - He Li
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Peng Du
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiao-You Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ling Ren
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lu-Lu Wang
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Zheng
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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The Emerging Role of Nanomedicine in the Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A State-of-the-Art Review. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2021; 2021:4041415. [PMID: 34659388 PMCID: PMC8519727 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4041415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease that can lead to end-stage liver disease needing a liver transplant. Many pharmacological approaches are used to reduce the disease progression in NAFLD. However, current strategies remain ineffective to reverse the progression of NAFLD completely. Employing nanoparticles as a drug delivery system has demonstrated significant potential for improving the bioavailability of drugs in the treatment of NAFLD. Various types of nanoparticles are exploited in this regard for the management of NAFLD. In this review, we cover the current therapeutic approaches to manage NAFLD and provide a review of recent up-to-date advances in the uses of nanoparticles for the treatment of NAFLD.
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32
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Geethangili M, Lin CW, Mersmann HJ, Ding ST. Methyl Brevifolincarboxylate Attenuates Free Fatty Acid-Induced Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation in Hepatocytes through AMPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810062. [PMID: 34576229 PMCID: PMC8469305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the leading causes of chronic liver diseases worldwide. This study examined the potential protective effects of a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound, methyl brevifolincarboxylate (MBC) on fatty liver injury in vitro. The results showed that MBC at its non-cytotoxic concentrations, reduced lipid droplet accumulation and triglyceride (TG) levels in the oleic acid (OA)-treated human hepatocarcinoma cell line, SK-HEP-1 and murine primary hepatocytes. In OA-treated SK-HEP-1 cells and primary murine hepatocytes, MBC attenuated the mRNA expression levels of the de novo lipogenesis molecules, acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (Acc1), fatty acid synthase (Fasn) and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (Srebp1c). MBC promoted the lipid oxidation factor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α (Pparα), and its target genes, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (Cpt1) and acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (Acox1) in both the SK-HEP-1 cells and primary murine hepatocytes. The mRNA results were further supported by the attenuated protein expression of lipogenesis and lipid oxidation molecules in OA-treated SK-HEP-1 cells. The MBC increased the expression of AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. On the other hand, MBC treatment dampened the inflammatory mediator's, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and IL-1β secretion, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB expression (mRNA and protein) through reduced reactive oxygen species production in OA-treated SK-HEP-1 cells. Taken together, our results demonstrated that MBC possessed potential protective effects against NAFLD in vitro by amelioration of lipid metabolism and inflammatory markers through the AMPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Dai X, Feng J, Chen Y, Huang S, Shi X, Liu X, Sun Y. Traditional Chinese Medicine in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: molecular insights and therapeutic perspectives. Chin Med 2021; 16:68. [PMID: 34344394 PMCID: PMC8330116 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00469-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the world's largest chronic liver disease, while there is still no specific drug to treat NAFLD. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) have been widely used in hepatic diseases for centuries in Asia, and TCM's holistic concept and differentiation treatment of NAFLD show their advantages in the treatment of this complex metabolic disease. However, the multi-compounds and multi-targets are big obstacle for the study of TCM. Here, we summarize the pharmacological actions of active ingredients from frequently used single herbs in TCM compounds. The combined mechanism of herbs in TCM compounds are further discussed to explore their comprehensive effects on NAFLD. This article aims to summarize multiple functions and find the common ground for TCM treatment on NAFLD, thus providing enrichment to the scientific connotation of TCM theories and promotes the exploration of TCM therapies on NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmin Dai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Feng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China.
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Sun X, Wang X, He Q, Zhang M, Chu L, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Zhang J, Han X, Chu X, Wu Z, Guan S. Investigation of the ameliorative effects of baicalin against arsenic trioxide-induced cardiac toxicity in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:108024. [PMID: 34333357 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Baicalin (BA), a kind of flavonoids compound, comes from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (a kind of perennial herb) and has beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system through anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis actions. However, the therapeutic effects and latent mechanisms of BA on arsenic trioxide (ATO)-induced cardiac toxicity has not been reported. The present research was performed to explore the effects and mechanisms of BA on ATO-induced heart toxicity. Male Kunming mice were treated with ATO (7.5 mg/kg) to induce cardiac toxicity. After the mice received ATO, BA (50 and 100 mg/kg) was administered for estimating its cardioprotective effects. Statistical data demonstrated that BA treatment alleviated electrocardiogram abnormalities and pathological injury caused by ATO. BA could also lead to recovery of CK and LDH activities to normal range and cause a decrease in MDA levels and ROS generation, augmentation of SOD, CAT, and GSH activities. We also found that BA caused a reduction in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-6. Moreover, BA attenuated ATO-induced apoptosis by promoting the expression of Bcl-2 and suppressing the expression of Bax and caspase-3. TUNEL test result demonstrated BA caused impediment of ATO-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, BA treatment suppressed the high expression of TLR4, NF-κB and P-NF-κB caused by ATO. In conclusion, these results indicate that BA may alleviate ATO-induced cardiac toxicity by restraining oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation, and its mechanism would be associated with the inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaotian Wang
- Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Qianqian He
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Muqing Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China; College of Integrative Medicine, Heibei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200 Hebei, China
| | - Li Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Yongchao Wu
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China; School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Xue Han
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China; Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Xi Chu
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China.
| | - Zhonglin Wu
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China.
| | - Shengjiang Guan
- Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China; School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China.
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Zhang S, Xu M, Zhang W, Liu C, Chen S. Natural Polyphenols in Metabolic Syndrome: Protective Mechanisms and Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116110. [PMID: 34204038 PMCID: PMC8201163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a chronic disease, including abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. It should be noted that the occurrence of MetS is closely related to oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, ectopic fat accumulation, and the impairment of the antioxidant system, which in turn further aggravates the intracellular oxidative imbalance and inflammatory response. As enriched anti-inflammatory and antioxidant components in plants, natural polyphenols exhibit beneficial effects, including improving liver fat accumulation and dyslipidemia, reducing blood pressure. Hence, they are expected to be useful in the prevention and management of MetS. At present, epidemiological studies indicate a negative correlation between polyphenol intake and MetS incidence. In this review, we summarized and discussed the most promising natural polyphenols (including flavonoid and non-flavonoid drugs) in the precaution and treatment of MetS, including their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, as well as their regulatory functions involved in glycolipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Siyu Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-25-86185645
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Epigenetics in NAFLD/NASH: Targets and therapy. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105484. [PMID: 33771699 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recently non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has grabbed considerable scientific attention, owing to its rapid increase in prevalence worldwide and growing burden on end-stage liver diseases. Metabolic syndrome including obesity, diabetes, and hypertension poses a grave risk to NAFLD etiology and progression. With no drugs available, the mainstay of NAFLD management remains lifestyle changes with exercise and dietary modifications. Nonselective drugs such as metformin, thiazolidinediones (TZDs), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), silymarin, etc., are also being used to target the interrelated pathways for treating NAFLD. Considering the enormous disease burden and the unmet need for drugs, fresh insights into pathogenesis and drug discovery are required. The emergence of the field of epigenetics offers a convincing explanation for the basis of lifestyle, environmental, and other risk factors to influence NAFLD pathogenesis. Therefore, understanding these epigenetic modifications to target the primary cause of the disease might prove a rational strategy to prevent the disease and develop novel therapeutic interventions. Apart from describing the role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of NAFLD as in other reviews, this review additionally provides an elaborate discussion on exploiting the high plasticity of epigenetic modifications in response to environmental cues, for developing novel therapeutics for NAFLD. Besides, this extensive review provides evidence for epigenetic mechanisms utilized by several potential drugs for NAFLD.
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Zhou H, Ma C, Wang C, Gong L, Zhang Y, Li Y. Research progress in use of traditional Chinese medicine monomer for treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 898:173976. [PMID: 33639194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the improvement of people's living standards and the change of eating habits, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has gradually become one of the most common chronic liver diseases in the world. However, there are no effective drugs for the treatment of NAFLD. Therefore, it is urgent to find safe, efficient, and economical anti-NAFLD drugs. Compared with western medicines that possess fast lipid-lowering effect, traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) have attracted increasing attention for the treatment of NAFLD due to their unique advantages such as multi-targets and multi-channel mechanisms of action. TCM monomers have been proved to treat NAFLD through regulating various pathways, including inflammation, lipid production, insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and intestinal microbiota. In particular, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), nuclear transcription factor kappa (NF-κB), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), sirtuin1 (SIRT1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), p53 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) are considered as important molecular targets for ameliorating NAFLD by TCM monomers. Therefore, by searching PubMed, Web of Science and SciFinder databases, this paper updates and summarizes the experimental and clinical evidence of TCM monomers for the treatment of NAFLD in the past six years (2015-2020), thus providing thoughts and prospects for further exploring the pathogenesis of NAFLD and TCM monomer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lihong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yafang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Yang JY, Li M, Zhang CL, Liu D. Pharmacological properties of baicalin on liver diseases: a narrative review. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1230-1239. [PMID: 33595821 PMCID: PMC8460515 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Baicalin is the main active component of Scutellaria baicalensis, widely used in traditional Chinese medicine thanks to its various pharmacological effects, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties, as well as cardiovascular, hepatic, and renal protective effect. Recently, the protective effects of baicalin on liver disease have received much more attention. Several studies showed that baicalin protects against several types of liver diseases including viral hepatitis, fatty liver disease, xenobiotic induced liver injury, cholestatic liver injury, and hepatocellular carcinoma, with a variety of pharmacological mechanisms. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of baicalin can provide a valuable reference for its clinical use, but up to now, no narrative review is available that summarizes the pharmacological effects of baicalin to clarify its potential use in the treatment of liver diseases. Therefore, this review summarizes the progress of baicalin research and the underlying mechanism in the treatment of various liver diseases, to promote further research and its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Cheng-Liang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Jia R, Du J, Cao L, Feng W, Xu P, Yin G. Effects of dietary baicalin supplementation on growth performance, antioxidative status and protection against oxidative stress-induced liver injury in GIFT tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 240:108914. [PMID: 33141079 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Baicalin, a main bioactive compound of Scutellaria baicalensis, has a variety of pharmacological activities including antioxidation, anti-inflammation and hepatoprotection. However, there are few reports on these biological activities in fish. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of baicalin on growth performance, antioxidative status and hepatoprotection in tilapia. The fish were fed on different doses of baicalin (0, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 g/kg diet). After feeding 60 days, parts of fishes were netted, and the blood, liver, gills and muscle tissues were collected to analyze the antioxidative effect. The remaining fishes were injected with saline or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for challenge test. The results showed that the specific growth rate of fish was slightly increased in three baicalin treatments, and the feed efficiency was clearly improved in 0.4 g/kg baicalin treatment. Meanwhile, the antioxidative capacity in blood, liver and/or gill was enhanced in treatments with 0.4, 0.8 and/or 1.6 g/kg baicalin. After challenge test, the pre-treatments with baicalin effectively alleviated H2O2-induced liver injury. In serum and liver, pre-treatments with 0.8 and/or 1.6 g/kg baicalin suppressed the oxidative damage induced by H2O2, as evidenced by improvement of the levels of SOD, T-AOC and GSH and the decline of MDA level. More important, pre-treatments with 0.4, 0.8 and/or 1.6 g/kg baicalin blocked the upregulation of mRNA levels of tlr1, myd88, irak4, rela, tnf-α and il-1β in H2O2-induced liver injury. In summary, dietary baicalin supplementation could improve feed efficiency, enhance antioxidative ability and alleviate oxidative stress-induced hepatotoxicity in tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jinliang Du
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Liping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Wengrong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Guojun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
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40
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Hu Q, Zhang W, Wu Z, Tian X, Xiang J, Li L, Li Z, Peng X, Wei S, Ma X, Zhao Y. Baicalin and the liver-gut system: Pharmacological bases explaining its therapeutic effects. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105444. [PMID: 33493657 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the development of high-throughput screening and bioinformatics technology, natural products with a range of pharmacological targets in multiple diseases have become important sources of new drug discovery. These compounds are derived from various plants, including the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which is often used as a traditional Chinese herb named Huangqin, a popular medication used for thousands of years in China. Many studies have shown that baicalin, an extract from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, exerts various protective effects on liver and gut diseases. Baicalin plays a therapeutic role mainly by mediating downstream apoptosis and immune response pathways induced by upstream oxidative stress and inflammation. During oxidative stress regulation, PI3K/Akt/NRF2, Keap-1, NF-κB and HO-1 are key factors associated with the healing effects of baicalin on NAFLD/NASH, ulcerative colitis and cholestasis. In the inflammatory response, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, MIP-2 and MIP-1α are involved in the alleviation of NAFLD/NASH, cholestasis and liver fibrosis by baicalin, as are TGF-β1/Smads, STAT3 and NF-κB. Regarding the apoptosis pathway, Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 are key factors related to the suppression of hepatocellular carcinoma and attenuation of liver injury and colorectal cancer. In addition to immune regulation, PD-1/PDL-1 and TLR4-NF-κB are correlated with the alleviation of hepatocellular carcinoma, ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer by baicalin. Moreover, baicalin regulates intestinal flora by promoting the production of SCFAs. Furthermore, BA is involved in the interactions of the liver-gut axis by regulating TGR5, FXR, bile acids and the microbiota. In general, a comprehensive analysis of this natural compound was conducted to determine the mechanism by which it regulates bile acid metabolism, the intestinal flora and related signaling pathways, providing new insights into the pharmacological effects of baicalin. The mechanism linking the liver and gut systems needs to be elucidated to draw attention to its great clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Junbao Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Longxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhihao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
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