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E Silva DM, Nunes LGA, Prado da Silva N, de Freitas PHS, Scio E, Tavares GD, Almeida Alves I, de Carvalho da Costa J. Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Acute Toxicity Of Pereskia aculeata, In Zophobas morio Larvae. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202400686. [PMID: 38923804 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Pereskia aculeata has been widely investigated due to its anti-inflammatory potential. Among the metabolites found in this species are the phytosterols beta-sitosterol (β-SIT) and stigmasterol (STIG). The objective of the study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and toxicity activities of the hexane partition of P. aculeata (PHEX), as well as β-SIT and STIG. PHEX was prepared and the phytosterols were quantified. In terms of toxicity against L929 fibroblast cells, PHEX showed toxicity up to 200 μg/mL; STIG and β-SIT showed toxicity up to 25 μg/mL. PHEX inhibited 66 % of nitric oxide radicals, while STIG and β-SIT inhibited 33.73 % and 34.94 %, respectively. In an anti-inflammatory test against Zophobas morio larvae, all samples significantly reduced hemocyte levels. Additionally, the LD50 values were calculated: 229.6 mg/kg for PHEX, 101.5 mg/kg for STIG, and 103.8 mg/kg for β-SIT. In conclusion, the study indicates that the phytosterols present in PHEX may contribute to its anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Mesquita E Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Brazil
| | | | - Natália Prado da Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Santos de Freitas
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Elita Scio
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Diniz Tavares
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Izabel Almeida Alves
- Department of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Carvalho da Costa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Brazil
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Zargari M, Ardeshiri HH, Ghafuri H, Hassanzadeh MM. Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles impregnated eggshell as an efficient biocatalyst for eco-friendly synthesis of 2-amino thiophene derivatives. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29674. [PMID: 38681630 PMCID: PMC11046122 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a biodegradable and eco-friendly biocatalyst (eggshell/Fe3O4) was synthesized utilizing eggshell impregnated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The characterization of prepared catalyst was carried out by Fourier transform infrared radiation (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), thermal gravimetric analysis-differential thermogravimetry (TGA-DTG), vibrating sample magnometer (VSM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The eggshell/Fe3O4 biocatalyst was served in multi-component reactions (MCRs) for the synthesis of 2-amino thiophene derivatives from variety aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, ethyl acetoacetate, and sulfur (S8). To achieve optimal reaction conditions, a thorough examination was conducted on key factors, such as the solvent type, reaction time and temperature, and the ratio of eggshell to Fe3O4. The findings suggest that high yield product can be obtained at microwave temperature (MW) in EtOH solvent within 10 min. Additionally, the eggshell/Fe3O4 biocatalyst exhibited high catalytic activity, which was sustained over the five cycles, without any significant decline in its performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsan Zargari
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Hadi Hassani Ardeshiri
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghafuri
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohammad Hassanzadeh
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
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Ghaderian E, Esboei BR, Mousavi P, Pourhajibagher M, Homayouni MM, Zeinali M. Anti-leishmanial effects of Eryngium planum and Ecbilliun elaterum methanolic extract against Leishmania major. AMB Express 2024; 14:3. [PMID: 38170375 PMCID: PMC10764691 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01656-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease, one of the most important neglected tropical diseases. Existing anti-leishmanial treatments are not effective for a long time and associated with toxic side effects so searching for a new, effective and safe alternative treatments against infectious diseases is greatly needed. This study is aimed to assess the leishmaniacidal effects of methanolic extracts of Eryngium planum (E. planum) and Ecbilliun elaterum (E. elaterum) on Leishmania major (L. major), In vitro. The selected plants were collected from northern areas of Iran. The methanolic extract from the aerial parts of plants were prepared using maceration methods. GC- Mass analysis was used to determine the compounds of the plants. Promastigotes of L. major was cultured in RPMI-1640 medium and the anti-leishmanial and cytotoxicity effects of extracts at concentrations of 100, 200, 400 and 800 µg/ml were assessed using MTT assay. The data obtained from gas chromatography revealed that α-Pinene, Caryophyllene oxide, β-Caryophyllene, Bicyclogermacrene and α-Bisabolol are the main compounds extracted from E. planum and α-Pinene, Germacrene D, Caryophyllene oxide, γ-Eudesmol and α-Bisabolol are the main components of E. elaterum. The results of MTT Assay revealed that E. planum at concentrations of 800 µg/ml after 24 h at 400 µg/ml after 48 h and the E. elaterium at concentrations of 800 µg/ml after 48 h at 400 µg/ml after 72 h had similar anti-leishmanial effects to the positive control. These results indicated that E. planum and E. elaterum are the potential sources for the discovery of novel anti-leishmanial treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Ghaderian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Rahimi Esboei
- Department of Parasitology, Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran Registry Center for Hydatid Cyst, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Parisa Mousavi
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohsen Homayouni
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Medical Parasitology, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Zeinali
- Center for Communicable Diseases Management, Ministry of Health Treatment and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
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dos Anjos LR, de Souza VMR, Machado YAA, Partite VM, Aufy M, Dias Lopes G, Studenik C, Alves CR, Lubec G, Gonzalez ERP, Rodrigues KADF. Evidence of Guanidines Potential against Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis: Exploring In Vitro Effectiveness, Toxicities and of Innate Immunity Response Effects. Biomolecules 2023; 14:26. [PMID: 38254626 PMCID: PMC10813298 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a complex group of infectious and parasitic diseases that afflict many thousands of individuals across five continents. Leishmaniasis treatment remains a challenge because it relies on drugsknown for their high toxicity and limited efficacy, making itimperative to identify new molecules that offer greater effectiveness and safety. This study sought to explore the impact of seven synthetic guanidine derivatives (LQOF-G1, LQOF-G2, LQOF-G6, LQOF-G7, LQOF-G32, LQOF-G35 and LQOF-G36) onthe parasite Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and in vitro macrophage infection by this parasite, as well as cytotoxic approaches in vitro models of mammalian host cells and tissues. The synthesized compounds showed purity ≥ 99.65% and effectively inhibited parasite growth. LQOF-G1 proved the most potent, yielding the best half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values against promastigotes (4.62 μmol/L), axenic amastigotes (4.27 μmol/L), and intracellular amastigotes (3.65 μmol/L). Notably, the antileishmanial activity of LQOF-G1, LQOF-G2, and LQOF-G6 was related to immunomodulatory effects, evidenced by alterations in TNF-α, IL-12, IL-10, nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the supernatant of culture macrophages infected with L. (V.) braziliensis and coincubated with these compounds. LQOF-G2 and LQOF-G36 compounds exhibited vasodilator and spasmolytic effects at higher concentrations (≥100 μmol/L). Generally, LQOF-G1, LQOF-G2, and LQOF-G32 compounds were found to be nontoxic to assessed organs and cells. No toxic effects were observed in human cell lines, such as HEK-293, CaCo-2 and A549, at concentrations ≥ 500 μmol/L. Collectively, data have shown unequivocal evidence of the effectiveness of these compounds against L. (V.) braziliensis parasite, one of the causative agents of Tegumentary Leishmaniasis and Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis in America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Ribeiro dos Anjos
- Fine Organic Chemistry Lab, School of Sciences and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-080, Brazil; (L.R.d.A.); (V.M.P.)
| | - Vanessa Maria Rodrigues de Souza
- Infectious Disease Laboratory—LADIC, Federal University of Parnaíba Delta—UFDPar, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, São Benedito, Parnaíba 64202-020, Brazil; (V.M.R.d.S.); (Y.A.A.M.)
| | - Yasmim Alves Aires Machado
- Infectious Disease Laboratory—LADIC, Federal University of Parnaíba Delta—UFDPar, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, São Benedito, Parnaíba 64202-020, Brazil; (V.M.R.d.S.); (Y.A.A.M.)
| | - Vitor Moreira Partite
- Fine Organic Chemistry Lab, School of Sciences and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-080, Brazil; (L.R.d.A.); (V.M.P.)
| | - Mohammed Aufy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Josef Holaubek Platz 2, UZAII (2D 259), 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.A.); (C.S.)
| | - Geovane Dias Lopes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (G.D.L.); (C.R.A.)
| | - Christian Studenik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Josef Holaubek Platz 2, UZAII (2D 259), 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.A.); (C.S.)
| | - Carlos Roberto Alves
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (G.D.L.); (C.R.A.)
| | - Gert Lubec
- Department of Neuroproteomics, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Eduardo Rene Perez Gonzalez
- Fine Organic Chemistry Lab, School of Sciences and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-080, Brazil; (L.R.d.A.); (V.M.P.)
| | - Klinger Antonio da Franca Rodrigues
- Infectious Disease Laboratory—LADIC, Federal University of Parnaíba Delta—UFDPar, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, São Benedito, Parnaíba 64202-020, Brazil; (V.M.R.d.S.); (Y.A.A.M.)
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