1
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Aboulouard A, Demir N, Can M, El idrissi M. Electronic and optical aspects of novel quinoxaline derivatives as electron donor materials for bulk heterojunction solar cells. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 121:108462. [PMID: 37001439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we design new forms of organic conjugated compounds-based quinoxaline derivatives. Specifically, we exploit density functional theory and time-dependent-density functional theory in order to study the structure, the optic, the electronic, the reorganization energy and the photovoltaic features of such new molecules. Particularly, all engineered compounds have a narrow band gap in the range of 0.696-0.721 eV, high oscillator frequency and good optical properties. Moreover, the PCBM is employed as an electron acceptor. Employing global reactivity descriptors, we demonstrate that the molecules can efficiently emit electrons into the PCBM and the electrons are attracted to PCBM from molecules. In addition, the results show an appropriate open circuit voltage in the range of 0.338-0.362 V. The proposed compounds exhibit excellent electron transport and charge conduction from the donor to the acceptor. These new molecules show potential properties to develop bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic cells.
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2
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Agarwala P, Gomez ED, Milner ST. Fast, Faithful Simulations of Donor-Acceptor Interface Morphology. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:6932-6939. [PMID: 36219653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The local structure of conjugated polymers governs key optoelectronic properties, such as charge conduction and photogeneration at donor-acceptor interfaces. Because conjugated polymers are large, stiff, and relax slowly, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations are computationally expensive. Here, we describe a coarse-graining method that exploits the stiffness of constituent aromatic moieties by representing each moiety as rigidly bonded clusters of atoms wherein virtual sites replace several atoms. This approach significantly reduces the degrees of freedom while faithfully representing the shape and interactions of the moieties, resulting in 10 times faster simulations than all-atom simulations. Simulation of a donor polymer (P3HT) and a non-fullerene acceptor (O-IDTBR) validates the coarse-graining method by comparing structural properties from experiments, such as the density and persistence length. The fast simulation produces equilibrated systems with realistic morphologies. The simulation results of an equimolar mixture of P3HT, with a molecular weight of 1332 g mol-1, and an O-IDTBR mixture suggest that the interface width must be larger than 7 nm. Also, we investigate the effect of slow cooling on morphologies, particularly the number of close contacts that facilitates carrier transport. Slow cooling increases close contacts, and the effect is more pronounced in crystal-forming P3HT than in O-IDTBR, where bulky side-groups hinder crystal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Agarwala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16802, United States
| | - Enrique D Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16802, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16802, United States.,Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16802, United States
| | - Scott T Milner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16802, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16802, United States
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3
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Lee S, Park G, Jeong M, Lee B, Jeong S, Park J, Cho Y, Noh SM, Yang C. γ-Ester-Functionalized 1,1-Dicyanomethylene-3-indanone End-Capped Nonfullerene Acceptors for High-Performance, Annealing-Free Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:33614-33625. [PMID: 35849798 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Modifying the end-capping groups in nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) is an effective strategy for modulating their properties and that of the entire NFAs. This study reports the synthesis of a novel γ-ester-functionalized IC end-capping group (IC-γe) and its incorporation into the benzothiadiazole-fused central core, yielding isomer-free IC-γe end-capped NFAs, such as Y-IC-γe, Y-FIC-γe, and Y-ClIC-γe. The resultant NFAs exhibited similar absorption profiles but upshifted the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level compared with those of the ester-free analogues, such as Y6 and Y7. Without thermal annealing, an excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.4% is realized in the annealing-free OSC based on Y-FIC-γe with the PM6 donor polymer, which outperforms the OSCs based on Y-IC-γe and Y-ClIC-γe. In addition, the OSCs based on asymmetric Y-FIC-γe and Y-ClIC-γe have higher thermal stability with more than 83% PCE retention at an elevated temperature after 456 h than the symmetric Y-IC-γe case. In this study, we not only establish the structure-property relationship regarding the ester functionality and symmetricity tuning on the NFAs but also diagnose the reasons for the best-performing Y-FIC-γe-based OSCs, providing useful information for a novel high-performing NFA design strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunglok Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Geunhyung Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Mingyu Jeong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Byongkyu Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Seonghun Jeong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Jeewon Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Yongjoon Cho
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Seung Man Noh
- Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Changduk Yang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
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4
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Asandulesa M, Kostromin S, Aleksandrov A, Tameev A, Bronnikov S. The effect of PbS quantum dots on molecular dynamics and conductivity of PTB7:PC71BM bulk heterojunction as revealed by dielectric spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:9589-9596. [PMID: 35403182 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00770c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A ternary photovoltaic blend containing the PTB7 donor component, the PC71BM acceptor component, and colloidal quantum dots of lead sulfide (PbS QDs) was investigated using broadband dielectric spectroscopy. In the dielectric loss spectrum of PTB7:PC71BM:PbS QDs, γ- and β-relaxation processes in PTB7 were recognized and analyzed in terms of Arrhenius-type equations. To elucidate the effect of PbS QDs on molecular dynamics of PTB7, the activation energies of both processes were evaluated and compared with those obtained for the binary PTB7:PC71BM blend. Using the CELIV method, the charge carrier mobility was estimated. The PbS QD incorporation into the binary blend was shown to decrease both electron and hole mobility in the ternary PTB7:PC71BM:PbS QD blend. For evaluating the charge carrier lifetime in the ternary blend, the Cole-Cole diagrams derived from the dc conductivity data were plotted. The charge carrier lifetime was found to be much less than the hole extraction time, thus providing effective accumulation of charge carries at the electrodes in the ternary blend under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Asandulesa
- Romanian Academy, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iaşi 700487, Romania
| | - Sergei Kostromin
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, St. Petersburg 199004, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexey Aleksandrov
- Russian Academy of Sciences, A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Moscow 119071, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Tameev
- Russian Academy of Sciences, A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Moscow 119071, Russian Federation
| | - Sergei Bronnikov
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, St. Petersburg 199004, Russian Federation.
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5
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Choudhary K, Chen AX, Pitch GM, Runser R, Urbina A, Dunn TJ, Kodur M, Kleinschmidt AT, Wang BG, Bunch JA, Fenning DP, Ayzner AL, Lipomi DJ. Comparison of the Mechanical Properties of a Conjugated Polymer Deposited Using Spin Coating, Interfacial Spreading, Solution Shearing, and Spray Coating. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:51436-51446. [PMID: 34677936 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of π-conjugated (semiconducting) polymers are a key determinant of the stability and manufacturability of devices envisioned for applications in energy and healthcare. These properties─including modulus, extensibility, toughness, and strength─are influenced by the morphology of the solid film, which depends on the method of processing. To date, the majority of work done on the mechanical properties of semiconducting polymers has been performed on films deposited by spin coating, a process not amenable to the manufacturing of large-area films. Here, we compare the mechanical properties of thin films of regioregular poly(3-heptylthiophene) (P3HpT) produced by three scalable deposition processes─interfacial spreading, solution shearing, and spray coating─and spin coating (as a reference). Our results lead to four principal conclusions. (1) Spray-coated films have poor mechanical robustness due to defects and inhomogeneous thickness. (2) Sheared films show the highest modulus, strength, and toughness, likely resulting from a decrease in free volume. (3) Interfacially spread films show a lower modulus but greater fracture strain than spin-coated films. (4) The trends observed in the tensile behavior of films cast using different deposition processes held true for both P3HpT and poly(3-butylthiophene) (P3BT), an analogue with a higher glass transition temperature. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy reveal many notable differences in the solid structures of P3HpT films generated by all four processes. While these morphological differences provide possible explanations for differences in the electronic properties (hole mobility), we find that the mechanical properties of the film are dominated by the free volume and surface topography. In field-effect transistors, spread films had mobilities more than 1 magnitude greater than any other films, likely due to a relatively high proportion of edge-on texturing and long coherence length in the crystalline domains. Overall, spread films offer the best combination of deformability and charge-transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Choudhary
- Department of Nanoengineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Alexander X Chen
- Department of Nanoengineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Gregory M Pitch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Rory Runser
- Department of Nanoengineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Armando Urbina
- Department of Nanoengineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Tim J Dunn
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Moses Kodur
- Department of Nanoengineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Andrew T Kleinschmidt
- Department of Nanoengineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Benjamin G Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Jordan A Bunch
- Department of Nanoengineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - David P Fenning
- Department of Nanoengineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Alexander L Ayzner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Darren J Lipomi
- Department of Nanoengineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
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6
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Schwaiger DM, Lohstroh W, Müller-Buschbaum P. The Influence of the Blend Ratio, Solvent Additive, and Post-production Treatment on the Polymer Dynamics in PTB7:PCBM Blend Films. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik M. Schwaiger
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Wiebke Lohstroh
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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7
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A comparative study of PffBT4T-2OD/EH-IDTBR and PffBT4T-2OD/PC71BM organic photovoltaic heterojunctions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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R. Murad A, Iraqi A, Aziz SB, Hi H, N. Abdullah S, Brza MA, Abdulwahid RT. Influence of Fluorine Substitution on the Optical, Thermal, Electrochemical and Structural Properties of Carbazole-Benzothiadiazole Dicarboxylic Imide Alternate Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2910. [PMID: 33291677 PMCID: PMC7761964 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work four novel donor-acceptor copolymers, PCDTBTDI-DMO, PCDTBTDI-8, P2F-CDTBTDI-DMO and P2F-CDTBTDI-8, were designed and synthesised via Suzuki polymerisation. The first two copolymers consist of 2,7-carbazole flanked by thienyl moieties as the electron donor unit and benzothiadiazole dicarboxylic imide (BTDI) as electron acceptor units. In the structures of P2F-CDTBTDI-DMO and P2F-CDTBTDI-8 copolymers, two fluorine atoms were incorporated at 3,6-positions of 2,7-carbazole to investigate the impact of fluorine upon the optoelectronic, structural and thermal properties of the resulting polymers. P2F-CDTBTDI-8 possesses the highest number average molecular weight (Mn = 24,200 g mol-1) among all the polymers synthesised. PCDTBTDI-DMO and PCDTBTDI-8 show identical optical band gaps of 1.76 eV. However, the optical band gaps of fluorinated copolymers are slightly higher than non-fluorinated counterparts. All polymers have deep-lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels. Changing the alkyl chain substituents on BTDI moieties from linear n-octyl to branched 3,7-dimethyloctyl groups as well as substituting the two hydrogen atoms at 3,6-positions of carbazole unit by fluorine atoms has negligible impact on the HOMO levels of the polymers. Similarly, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels are almost comparable for all polymers. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) has shown that all polymers have good thermal stability and also confirmed that the fluorinated copolymers have higher thermal stability relative to those non-fluorinated analogues. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies proved that all polymers have an amorphous nature in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ary R. Murad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Medical and Applied Sciences, Charmo University, Chamchamal, Sulaimani 46023, Iraq;
| | - Ahmed Iraqi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK; (A.I.); (H.H.)
| | - Shujahadeen B. Aziz
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq; (M.A.B.); (R.T.A.)
- Department of Civil engineering, College of Engineering, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
| | - Hunan Hi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK; (A.I.); (H.H.)
| | - Sozan N. Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq;
| | - M. A. Brza
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq; (M.A.B.); (R.T.A.)
| | - Rebar T. Abdulwahid
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq; (M.A.B.); (R.T.A.)
- Department of Physics, College of Education, Old Campus, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
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9
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Kim J, Hou S, Zhao H, Forrest SR. Nanoscale Mapping of Morphology of Organic Thin Films. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:8290-8297. [PMID: 33135904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We determine precise nanoscale information about the morphologies of several organic thin film structures using Fourier plane imaging microscopy (FIM). We used FIM microscopy to detect the orientation of molecular transition dipole moments from an extremely low density of luminescent dye molecules, which we call "morphology sensors". The orientation of the sensor molecules is driven by the local film structure and thus can be used to determine details of the host morphology without influencing it. We use symmetric planar phosphorescent dye molecules as the sensors that are deposited into the bulk of organic film hosts during the growth. We demonstrate morphological mapping with a depth resolution to a few Ångstroms that is limited by the ability to determine thickness during deposition, along with an in-plane resolution limited by optical diffraction. Furthermore, we monitor morphological changes arising from thermal annealing of metastable organic films that are commonly employed in photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongchan Kim
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Shaocong Hou
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Haonan Zhao
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Stephen R Forrest
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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10
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Afzal T, Iqbal MJ, Iqbal MZ, Sajjad A, Raza MA, Riaz S, Kamran MA, Numan A, Naseem S. Effect of post-deposition annealing temperature on the charge carrier mobility and morphology of DPPDTT based organic field effect transistors. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Savikhin V, Steinrück HG, Liang RZ, Collins BA, Oosterhout SD, Beaujuge PM, Toney MF. GIWAXS-SIIRkit: scattering intensity, indexing and refraction calculation toolkit for grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering of organic materials. J Appl Crystallogr 2020. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576720005476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) has become an increasingly popular technique for quantitative structural characterization and comparison of thin films. For this purpose, accurate intensity normalization and peak position determination are crucial. At present, few tools exist to estimate the uncertainties of these measurements. Here, a simulation package is introduced called GIWAXS-SIIRkit, where SIIR stands for scattering intensity, indexing and refraction. The package contains several tools that are freely available for download and can be executed in MATLAB. The package includes three functionalities: estimation of the relative scattering intensity and the corresponding uncertainty based on experimental setup and sample dimensions; extraction and indexing of peak positions to approximate the crystal structure of organic materials starting from calibrated GIWAXS patterns; and analysis of the effects of refraction on peak positions. Each tool is based on a graphical user interface and designed to have a short learning curve. A user guide is provided with detailed usage instruction, tips for adding functionality and customization, and exemplary files.
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12
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Wang G, Kumar P, Zhang Z, Hendsbee AD, Liu H, Li X, Wang J, Li Y. Facile synthesis of a semiconducting bithiophene-azine polymer and its application for organic thin film transistors and organic photovoltaics. RSC Adv 2020; 10:12876-12882. [PMID: 35492137 PMCID: PMC9051313 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01211d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A new azine polymer poly(4,4'-didodecyl-2,2'-bithiophene-azine) (PDDBTA) was synthesized in only three steps. PDDBTA showed hole mobilities of up to 4.1 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1 in organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) as a p-channel material. As a donor in organic photovoltaics (OPVs), power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 2.18% were achieved, which is the first example of using an azine-based polymer for OPVs. These preliminary results demonstrate the potential of bithiophene-azine polymers as a new type of low-cost semiconductor material for OPVs and other organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlin Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo 200 University Ave West N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo 200 University Ave West N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo 200 University Ave West N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Arthur D Hendsbee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo 200 University Ave West N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Haitao Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences 56 Hongzhuan Road, Jinshui District Zhengzhou Henan 450002 China
| | - Xu Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences 56 Hongzhuan Road, Jinshui District Zhengzhou Henan 450002 China
| | - Jinliang Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences 56 Hongzhuan Road, Jinshui District Zhengzhou Henan 450002 China
| | - Yuning Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo 200 University Ave West N2L 3G1 Canada
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13
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Raftani M, Abram T, Bennani N, Bouachrine M. Theoretical study of new conjugated compounds with a low bandgap for bulk heterojunction solar cells: DFT and TD-DFT study. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2020.100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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14
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Gonciarz A, Pich R, Bogdanowicz KA, Jewloszewicz B, Przybył W, Dysz K, Dylong A, Kwak A, Kaim A, Iwan A, Rusin J, Januszko A. UV-Vis Absorption Properties of New Aromatic Imines and Their Compositions with Poly({4,8-bis[(2-Ethylhexyl)oxy]Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']Dithiophene-2,6-diyl}{3-Fluoro-2-[(2-Ethylhexyl)Carbonyl]Thieno[3,4-b]Thiophenediyl}). MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E4191. [PMID: 31847154 PMCID: PMC6947379 DOI: 10.3390/ma12244191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, four new aromatic imines containing at least one thiazole-based heterocycle were analyzed in detail by UV-Vis spectroscopy, taking into consideration their chemical structures and interactions with PTB7, a known polymeric electron donor widely used in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. It is demonstrated that the absorption spectra of the investigated active compositions can be modified not only by changing the chemical structure of imine, but also via formulations with PTB7. For all investigated imines and PTB7:imine compositions, calibration curves were obtained in order to find the optimum concentration in the composition with PTB7 for expansion and optimization of absorption spectra. All imines and PTB7:imine compositions were investigated in 1,2-dichlorobenzene by UV-Vis spectroscopy in various concentrations, monitoring the changes in the π-π* and n-π* transitions. With increasing imine concentrations, we did not observe changes in absorption maxima, while with increasing imine concentrations, a hypochromic effect was observed. Finally, we could conclude that all investigated compositions exhibited wide absorptions of up to 800 nm and isosbestic points in the range of 440-540 nm, confirming changes in the macromolecular organization of the tested compounds. The theoretical calculations of their vibration spectra (FTIR) and LUMO-HOMO levels by Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods are also provided. Finally, IR thermal images were measured for organic devices based on imines and the imine:PTB7 composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gonciarz
- General Tadeusz Kosciuszko Military University of Land Forces, Wroclaw; MULF Wroclaw, Faculty of Security and Safety Research, Czajkowskiego 109 Str., 51–147 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.G.); (R.P.); (J.R.)
| | - Robert Pich
- General Tadeusz Kosciuszko Military University of Land Forces, Wroclaw; MULF Wroclaw, Faculty of Security and Safety Research, Czajkowskiego 109 Str., 51–147 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.G.); (R.P.); (J.R.)
| | - Krzysztof Artur Bogdanowicz
- Military Institute of Engineer Technology, Obornicka 136 Str., 50–961 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.B.); (B.J.); (W.P.); (K.D.); (A.D.); (A.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Beata Jewloszewicz
- Military Institute of Engineer Technology, Obornicka 136 Str., 50–961 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.B.); (B.J.); (W.P.); (K.D.); (A.D.); (A.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Wojciech Przybył
- Military Institute of Engineer Technology, Obornicka 136 Str., 50–961 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.B.); (B.J.); (W.P.); (K.D.); (A.D.); (A.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Karolina Dysz
- Military Institute of Engineer Technology, Obornicka 136 Str., 50–961 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.B.); (B.J.); (W.P.); (K.D.); (A.D.); (A.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Agnieszka Dylong
- Military Institute of Engineer Technology, Obornicka 136 Str., 50–961 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.B.); (B.J.); (W.P.); (K.D.); (A.D.); (A.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Anna Kwak
- Military Institute of Engineer Technology, Obornicka 136 Str., 50–961 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.B.); (B.J.); (W.P.); (K.D.); (A.D.); (A.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Andrzej Kaim
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02–093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Iwan
- Military Institute of Engineer Technology, Obornicka 136 Str., 50–961 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.B.); (B.J.); (W.P.); (K.D.); (A.D.); (A.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Jaroslaw Rusin
- General Tadeusz Kosciuszko Military University of Land Forces, Wroclaw; MULF Wroclaw, Faculty of Security and Safety Research, Czajkowskiego 109 Str., 51–147 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.G.); (R.P.); (J.R.)
| | - Adam Januszko
- Military Institute of Engineer Technology, Obornicka 136 Str., 50–961 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.A.B.); (B.J.); (W.P.); (K.D.); (A.D.); (A.K.); (A.J.)
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Shin HJ, Sun C, Cho HW, Lee BR, Kim JY, Kwon S, Kim Y, Choi H. Synthesis of Alkoxyacene‐Based Random Copolymers and Binary Solvent Additive for High Efficiency Organic Photovoltaics. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jeong Shin
- Department of ChemistryResearch Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciencesand Institute of Nano Science and TechnologyHanyang University 04763 Seoul South Korea
| | - Chung Sun
- Department of Chemistry and RINSGyeongsang National University Jinju 660–701 Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Cho
- Department of Energy EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Bo Ram Lee
- Department of PhysicsPukyong National University45 Yongso‐roNam‐Gu Busan 48513 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Department of Energy EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Soon‐Ki Kwon
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology and ERIGyeongsang National University Jinju 660–701 Republic of Korea
| | - Yun‐Hi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and RINSGyeongsang National University Jinju 660–701 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosung Choi
- Department of ChemistryResearch Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciencesand Institute of Nano Science and TechnologyHanyang University 04763 Seoul South Korea
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Urbánek P, Kuřitka I, Ševčík J, Toušková J, Toušek J, Nádaždy V, Nádaždy P, Végsö K, Šiffalovič P, Rutsch R, Urbánek M. An experimental and theoretical study of the structural ordering of the PTB7 polymer at a mesoscopic scale. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Huang TY, Yan H, Abdelsamie M, Savikhin V, Schneider SA, Ran NA, Nguyen TQ, Bazan GC, Toney MF. Fullerene derivative induced morphology of bulk heterojunction blends: PIPCP:PC61BM. RSC Adv 2019; 9:4106-4112. [PMID: 35520181 PMCID: PMC9060533 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10488c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of organic solar cells (OSCs) depends crucially on the morphology in bulk heterojunctions (BHJs), including the degree of crystallinity of the polymer and the amount of each material phase: aggregated donor, aggregated acceptor, and molecular mixed donor : acceptor phase. In this paper, we report the BHJ morphology of as-cast blend films incorporating the polymer PIPCP as the donor and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) as the acceptor. Tracking the scattering intensity of PC61BM as a function of PC61BM concentration shows that PC61BM aggregates into donor-rich domains and there is little to no phase where the PC61BM and PIPCP are intimately mixed. We further find that on blending the scattering peak due to PIPCP ordering along the backbone increases with decreasing PIPCP fraction, which is attributed to improved ordering of PIPCP due to the presence of PC61BM. Our results suggest that the improved ordering of PIPCP along the backbone (consistent with an increased conjugation length) with blending contributes to the observed low open-circuit voltage energy loss. The performance of organic solar cells depends on the morphology in bulk heterojunctions, including the polymer degree of crystallinity and the amount of each phase: aggregated donor, aggregated acceptor and molecularly mixed donor : acceptor phase.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yen Huang
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
- Menlo Park
- USA
| | - Hongping Yan
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
- Menlo Park
- USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| | - Maged Abdelsamie
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
- Menlo Park
- USA
| | - Victoria Savikhin
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
- Menlo Park
- USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering
| | - Sebastian A. Schneider
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
- Menlo Park
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Niva A. Ran
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California—Santa Barbara
- Santa Barbara
- USA
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California—Santa Barbara
- Santa Barbara
- USA
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California—Santa Barbara
- Santa Barbara
- USA
| | - Michael F. Toney
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
- Menlo Park
- USA
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