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Maaskant A, Voermans B, Levin E, de Goffau MC, Plomp N, Schuren F, Remarque EJ, Smits A, Langermans JAM, Bakker J, Montijn R. Microbiome signature suggestive of lactose-intolerance in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) with intermittent chronic diarrhea. Anim Microbiome 2024; 6:53. [PMID: 39313845 PMCID: PMC11421201 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-024-00338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic diarrhea is a common cause of mortality and morbidity in captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). The exact etiology of chronic diarrhea in macaques remains unidentified. The occurrence of diarrhea is frequently linked to dysbiosis within the gut microbiome. Research into microbiome signatures correlated with diarrhea in macaques have predominantly been conducted with single sample collections. Our analysis was based on the metagenomic composition of longitudinally acquired fecal samples from rhesus macaques with chronic diarrhea and clinically healthy rhesus macaques that were obtained over the course of two years. We aimed to investigate potential relationships between the macaque gut microbiome, the presence of diarrhea and diet interventions with a selection of commercially available monkey diets. RESULTS The microbiome signature of macaques with intermittent chronic diarrhea showed a significant increase in lactate producing bacteria e.g. lactobacilli, and an increase in fermenters of lactate and succinate. Strikingly, two lactose free diets were associated with a lower incidence of diarrhea. CONCLUSION A lactose intolerance mechanism is suggested in these animals by the bloom of Lactobacillus in the presence of lactose resulting in an overproduction of intermediate fermentation products likely led to osmotically induced diarrhea. This study provides new insights into suspected microbiome-lactose intolerance relationship in rhesus macaques with intermittent chronic diarrhea. The integration of machine learning with metagenomic data analysis holds potential for developing targeted dietary interventions and therapeutic strategies and therefore ensuring a healthier and more resilient primate population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemiek Maaskant
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
- Department Population Health Sciences, Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Bas Voermans
- HORAIZON Technology BV, Marshallaan 2, 2625 GZ, Delft, The Netherlands.
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Evgeni Levin
- HORAIZON Technology BV, Marshallaan 2, 2625 GZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus C de Goffau
- HORAIZON Technology BV, Marshallaan 2, 2625 GZ, Delft, The Netherlands
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Nicole Plomp
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Sylviusweg 71, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Schuren
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Sylviusweg 71, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Edmond J Remarque
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine Smits
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A M Langermans
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
- Department Population Health Sciences, Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaco Bakker
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288 GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Roy Montijn
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Sylviusweg 71, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Propionate exerts neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects in the peripheral nervous system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216941120. [PMID: 36669102 PMCID: PMC9942889 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216941120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In inflammatory neuropathies, oxidative stress results in neuronal and Schwann cell (SC) death promoting early neurodegeneration and clinical disability. Treatment with the short-chain fatty acid propionate showed a significant immunoregulatory and neuroprotective effect in multiple sclerosis patients. Similar effects have been described for patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Therefore, Schwann cell's survival and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) outgrowth were evaluated in vitro after propionate treatment and application of H2O2 or S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D-L-penicillamine (SNAP) to evaluate neuroprotection. In addition, DRG resistance was evaluated by the application of oxidative stress by SNAP ex vivo after in vivo propionate treatment. Propionate treatment secondary to SNAP application on DRG served as a neuroregeneration model. Histone acetylation as well as expression of the free fatty acid receptor (FFAR) 2 and 3, histone deacetylases, neuroregeneration markers, and antioxidative mediators were investigated. β-hydroxybutyrate was used as a second FFAR3 ligand, and pertussis toxin was used as an FFAR3 antagonist. FFAR3, but not FFAR2, expression was evident on SC and DRG. Propionate-mediated activation of FFAR3 and histone 3 hyperacetylation resulted in increased catalase expression and increased resistance to oxidative stress. In addition, propionate treatment resulted in enhanced neuroregeneration with concomitant growth-associated protein 43 expression. We were able to demonstrate an antioxidative and neuroregenerative effect of propionate on SC and DRG mediated by FFAR3-induced histone acetylases expression. Our results describe a pathway to achieve neuroprotection/neuroregeneration relevant for patients with immune-mediated neuropathies.
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Yamazaki Y, Moriya S, Kawarai S, Morita H, Kikusui T, Iriki A. Effects of enhanced insect feeding on the faecal microbiota and transcriptome of a family of captive common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279380. [PMID: 36548292 PMCID: PMC9779035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Common marmosets have been widely used in biomedical research for years. Nutritional control is an important factor in managing their health, and insect intake would be beneficial for that purpose because common marmosets frequently feed on insects in natural habitats. Here, we examined the effect of enhanced insect feeding on the gut by analysing the faecal microbiota and transcripts of captive marmosets. A family consisting of six marmosets was divided into two groups. During the seven-day intervention period, one group (the insect feeding group, or Group IF) was fed one cricket and one giant mealworm per marmoset per day, while the other (the control group, or Group C) was not fed these insects. RNA was extracted from faecal samples to evaluate the ecology and transcripts of the microbiota, which were then compared among time points before (Pre), immediately after (Post), and two weeks after the intervention (Follow_up) using total RNA sequencing. The gut microbiota of marmosets showed Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria as dominant phyla. Linear discriminant analysis showed differential characteristics of microbiota with and without insect feeding treatment. Further analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed increases and decreases in Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, respectively, corresponding to the availability of insects under both Post and Follow_up conditions. Significant changes specific to insect feeding were also detected within the transcriptome, some of which were synchronized with the fluctuations in the microbiota, suggesting a functional correlation or interaction between the two. The rapid changes in the microbiota and transcripts may be achieved by the microbiota community originally developed in the wild through marmosets' feeding ecology. The results were informative for identifying the physiological impact of insect feeding to produce a better food regimen and for detecting transcripts that are currently unidentifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Yamazaki
- Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shigeharu Moriya
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Numazu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shinpei Kawarai
- Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Laboratory of Small Animal Clinics, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Morita
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takefumi Kikusui
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iriki
- Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Saleem A, Ikram A, Dikareva E, Lahtinen E, Matharu D, Pajari AM, de Vos WM, Hasan F, Salonen A, Jian C. Unique Pakistani gut microbiota highlights population-specific microbiota signatures of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2142009. [PMID: 36322821 PMCID: PMC9635555 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2142009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Biogeographic variations in the gut microbiota are pivotal to understanding the global pattern of host-microbiota interactions in prevalent lifestyle-related diseases. Pakistani adults, having an exceptionally high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), are one of the most understudied populations in microbiota research to date. The aim of the present study is to examine the gut microbiota across individuals from Pakistan and other populations of non-industrialized and industrialized lifestyles with a focus on T2D. The fecal samples from 94 urban-dwelling Pakistani adults with and without T2D were profiled by bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene and fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region amplicon sequencing and eubacterial qPCR, and plasma samples quantified for circulating levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and the activation ability of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-signaling. Publicly available datasets generated with comparable molecular methods were retrieved for comparative analysis of the bacterial microbiota. Overall, urbanized Pakistanis' gut microbiota was similar to that of transitional or non-industrialized populations, depleted in Akkermansiaceae and enriched in Prevotellaceae (dominated by the non-Westernized clades of Prevotella copri). The relatively high proportion of Atopobiaceae appeared to be a unique characteristic of the Pakistani gut microbiota. The Pakistanis with T2D had elevated levels of LBP and TLR-signaling in circulation as well as gut microbial signatures atypical of other populations, e.g., increased relative abundance of Libanicoccus/Parolsenella, limiting the inter-population extrapolation of gut microbiota-based classifiers for T2D. Taken together, our findings call for a more global representation of understudied populations to extend the applicability of microbiota-based diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Saleem
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Ikram
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Evgenia Dikareva
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emilia Lahtinen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dollwin Matharu
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne-Maria Pajari
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Willem M. de Vos
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fariha Hasan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Anne Salonen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ching Jian
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,CONTACT Ching Jian Haartmaninkatu 3, PO box 21, FI-00014Helsinki, Finland
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Laman JD. Cutting edge technologies in chronic inflammation research. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31 Suppl 1:17-21. [PMID: 36059185 PMCID: PMC9539701 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This concise review provides the broad background and selection from the literature for a Keynote lecture at EHSF 2022 on state of the art technologies in inflammation research, with an emphasis on disease of the skin and the nervous system. The value of ex vivo skin explant models is discussed, as well as the innovative use of animal models, wherein the crucial roles of antigen experience and "wild" microbiota are emphasized. Spectral flow cytometry allowing large surface marker panels to be explored is touched upon, as well as multiplex technology for cytokines and other analytes important for inflammation and tissue damage. Single-cell sequencing and in situ transcriptomics (spatial profiling) now provide exciting granular information on functional cell subsets, interactions and plasticity. A selection of novel research and diagnostic tools for antibodies against linear peptides or gangliosides is presented. Finally, the review discusses a new anti-inflammatory strategy against skin inflammation with a panel of protease inhibitors derived from the protein fraction of industrial starch potatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon D Laman
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
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Engelenburg HJ, Lucassen PJ, Sarafian JT, Parker W, Laman JD. Multiple sclerosis and the microbiota. Evol Med Public Health 2022; 10:277-294. [PMID: 35747061 PMCID: PMC9211007 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), a neurological autoimmune disorder, has recently been linked to neuro-inflammatory influences from the gut. In this review, we address the idea that evolutionary mismatches could affect the pathogenesis of MS via the gut microbiota. The evolution of symbiosis as well as the recent introduction of evolutionary mismatches is considered, and evidence regarding the impact of diet on the MS-associated microbiota is evaluated. Distinctive microbial community compositions associated with the gut microbiota of MS patients are difficult to identify, and substantial study-to-study variation and even larger variations between individual profiles of MS patients are observed. Furthermore, although some dietary changes impact the progression of MS, MS-associated features of microbiota were found to be not necessarily associated with diet per se. In addition, immune function in MS patients potentially drives changes in microbial composition directly, in at least some individuals. Finally, assessment of evolutionary histories of animals with their gut symbionts suggests that the impact of evolutionary mismatch on the microbiota is less concerning than mismatches affecting helminths and protists. These observations suggest that the benefits of an anti-inflammatory diet for patients with MS may not be mediated by the microbiota per se. Furthermore, any alteration of the microbiota found in association with MS may be an effect rather than a cause. This conclusion is consistent with other studies indicating that a loss of complex eukaryotic symbionts, including helminths and protists, is a pivotal evolutionary mismatch that potentiates the increased prevalence of autoimmunity within a population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik J Engelenburg
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen, The Netherlands
- Brain Plasticity Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- Brain Plasticity Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jon D Laman
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen, The Netherlands
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Pu A, Lee DSW, Isho B, Naouar I, Gommerman JL. The Impact of IgA and the Microbiota on CNS Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:742173. [PMID: 34603329 PMCID: PMC8479159 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.742173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although anatomically distant from the central nervous system (CNS), gut-derived signals can dynamically regulate both peripheral immune cells and CNS-resident glial cells to modulate disease. Recent discoveries of specific microbial taxa and microbial derived metabolites that modulate neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration have provided mechanistic insight into how the gut may modulate the CNS. Furthermore, the participation of the gut in regulation of peripheral and CNS immune activity introduces a potential therapeutic target. This review addresses emerging literature on how the microbiome can affect glia and circulating lymphocytes in preclinical models of human CNS disease. Critically, this review also discusses how the host may in turn influence the microbiome, and how this may impact CNS homeostasis and disease, potentially through the production of IgA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer L. Gommerman
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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