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Feng MH, Lai YR, Deng YW, Li XY, Pan L, Tian Z, Tang GY, Wang YF. B Cells Infiltration Potentially Responded Better to Systemic Corticoids in Oral Lichen Planus and Oral Lichenoid Lesions. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02112-4. [PMID: 39117788 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid lesion (OLL) are chronic inflammatory diseases involving the oral mucosa. B cells infiltration in OLP and OLL, however, little is known about these cells in OLP and OLL. To analyze the function and infiltrating features of B lymphocytes in OLP and OLL, and to preliminarily evaluate their correlation with clinical outcomes. Tissue samples were collected from OLP, OLL, and healthy mucosa. The phenotypes and amounts of B cells in tissues were analyzed by single-cell sequencing. Their proportion and infiltrating features in tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. With the systemic medication of corticoids, the correlation between B cells infiltrating characteristics and the clinical outcomes were evaluated. A quantified proportion increase of B cells was shown in both OLP and OLL. B cells in OLP demonstrated heightened activation and enhanced regulation in immune response. A cohort of 100 patients with OLP/OLL and 13 healthy controls were examined to investigate the B cells infiltration pattern. B cells were distributed in the superficial layer of lamina propria in 92.9% and 41.9% of OLP and OLL, respectively(P < 0.01); focally distributed in 25.0% and 62.9% of OLP and OLL, respectively(P < 0.01). With the systemic medication of corticoids, the cases with B cell infiltration (B+) in OLP and OLL groups showed a statistically significant reduction in REU scores before and after treatment (P < 0.01). B cells are widely present in OLP and OLL, and B cell infiltration in OLP and OLL are related to the better therapeutic effect of oral corticoids.
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Grants
- 82270976, 82205200, 82020108010 The National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 82270976, 82205200, 82020108010 The National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 82270976, 82205200, 82020108010 The National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 82270976, 82205200, 82020108010 The National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 82270976, 82205200, 82020108010 The National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 82270976, 82205200, 82020108010 The National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 82270976, 82205200, 82020108010 The National Natural Science Foundation of China
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Feng
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Rao Lai
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yi-Wen Deng
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xi-Ye Li
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Lei Pan
- Department of Second Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Guo-Yao Tang
- Shanghai Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Mamun AA, Shao C, Geng P, Wang S, Xiao J. Recent advances in molecular mechanisms of skin wound healing and its treatments. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395479. [PMID: 38835782 PMCID: PMC11148235 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin, being a multifaceted organ, performs a pivotal function in the complicated wound-healing procedure, which encompasses the triggering of several cellular entities and signaling cascades. Aberrations in the typical healing process of wounds may result in atypical scar development and the establishment of a persistent condition, rendering patients more vulnerable to infections. Chronic burns and wounds have a detrimental effect on the overall quality of life of patients, resulting in higher levels of physical discomfort and socio-economic complexities. The occurrence and frequency of prolonged wounds are on the rise as a result of aging people, hence contributing to escalated expenditures within the healthcare system. The clinical evaluation and treatment of chronic wounds continue to pose challenges despite the advancement of different therapeutic approaches. This is mainly owing to the prolonged treatment duration and intricate processes involved in wound healing. Many conventional methods, such as the administration of growth factors, the use of wound dressings, and the application of skin grafts, are used to ease the process of wound healing across diverse wound types. Nevertheless, these therapeutic approaches may only be practical for some wounds, highlighting the need to advance alternative treatment modalities. Novel wound care technologies, such as nanotherapeutics, stem cell treatment, and 3D bioprinting, aim to improve therapeutic efficacy, prioritize skin regeneration, and minimize adverse effects. This review provides an updated overview of recent advancements in chronic wound healing and therapeutic management using innovative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuxiao Shao
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peiwu Geng
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuanghu Wang
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Wound Healing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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3
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Zhang J, Yao Z. Immune cell trafficking: a novel perspective on the gut-skin axis. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:21. [PMID: 38654394 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-024-00334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune cell trafficking, an essential mechanism for maintaining immunological homeostasis and mounting effective responses to infections, operates under a stringent regulatory framework. Recent advances have shed light on the perturbation of cell migration patterns, highlighting how such disturbances can propagate inflammatory diseases from their origin to distal organs. This review collates and discusses current evidence that demonstrates atypical communication between the gut and skin, which are conventionally viewed as distinct immunological spheres, in the milieu of inflammation. We focus on the aberrant, reciprocal translocation of immune cells along the gut-skin axis as a pivotal factor linking intestinal and dermatological inflammatory conditions. Recognizing that the translation of these findings into clinical practices is nascent, we suggest that therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating the axis may offer substantial benefits in mitigating the widespread impact of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Zhang
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhirong Yao
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Bekkat F, Seradj M, Lengagne R, Fiore F, Kato M, Lucas B, Castellano F, Molinier-Frenkel V, Richard Y, Prévost-Blondel A. Upregulation of IL4-induced gene 1 enzyme by B2 cells during melanoma progression impairs their antitumor properties. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350615. [PMID: 38400692 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
B cells present in human cutaneous melanoma have been associated with protective or detrimental effects on disease progression according to their phenotype. By using the RET model of spontaneous melanoma and adoptive transfer of B16 melanoma cells, we show that immature and follicular B2 (B2-FO) cells exert a protective effect on melanoma progression by promoting the generation of effector memory T cells and limiting the recruitment of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Unfortunately, this beneficial effect progressively wanes as a consequence of enhanced expression of the IL4-induced gene 1 (IL4I1) enzyme by immature B cells and B2-FO cells. Endogenous IL4I1 selectively decreases CXCR5 expression in splenic immature B cells, subverting their trafficking to primary tumors and enhancing the production of IL-10 by B2 cells, thereby promoting an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Accordingly, B2 cells from RET IL4I1KO mice more efficiently controlled B16 melanoma growth than B2 cells from IL4I1-competent RET mice. Collectively, immature B cells and B2-FO cells are key actors in the control of melanoma growth, but their mobility and functions are differently impaired by IL4I1 overexpression during melanoma progression. Thus, our present data strongly urge us to associate an IL4I1 antagonist with current immunotherapy to improve the treatment of metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fériel Bekkat
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8104, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Malvina Seradj
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8104, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Renée Lengagne
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8104, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Fiore
- Centre d'Immunophénomique (CIPHE), Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Marseille, France
| | - Masashi Kato
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Bruno Lucas
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8104, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Flavia Castellano
- Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Créteil, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Département d'Hématologie-Immunologie, Créteil, France
| | - Valérie Molinier-Frenkel
- Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Créteil, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Département d'Hématologie-Immunologie, Créteil, France
| | - Yolande Richard
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8104, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
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5
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Rashwan AM, El-Gendy SAA, Ez Elarab SM, Alsafy MAM. A comprehensive exploration of diverse skin cell types in the limb of the desert tortoise (Testudo graeca) through light, transmission, scanning electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence techniques. Tissue Cell 2024; 87:102335. [PMID: 38412578 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The Greek tortoise, inhabiting harsh desert environments, provides a compelling case for investigating skin adaptations to extreme conditions. We have utilized light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunofluorescence analysis to describe the structure of the arid-adapted limb skin in the Greek tortoise. Our aim was to identify the cell types that reflect the skin adaptation of this tortoise to arid conditions. Utilizing seven antibodies, we localized and elucidated the functions of various skin cells, shedding light on how the tortoise adapts to adverse environmental conditions. Our findings unveiled numerous scales on the limbs, varying in size and color, acting as protective armor against abrasions, bites, and other potential threats in their rocky habitats. The epidermis comprises four layers: stratum basalis, stratum spinosum, peri-corneous layer, and stratum corneum. Cytokeratin 14 (CK14) was explicitly detected in the basal layer of the epidermis, suggesting a role in maintaining epidermal integrity and cellular function. Langerhans cells were observed between epidermal cells filled with ribosomes and Birbeck granules. Numerous dendritic-shaped Langerhans cells revealed through E-Cadherin signify strong immunity in tortoises' skin. Melanophores were identified using the Melan-A antibody, labeling the cytoplasm, and the SOX10 antibody, labeling the nucleus, providing comprehensive insights into melanophores morphology and distribution. Two types of melanophores were found: dendritic below the stratum basalis of the epidermis and clustered oval melanophores in the deep dermal layer. Varied melanophores distribution resulted in a spotted skin pattern, potentially offering adaptive camouflage and protection against environmental challenges. Numerous myofibroblasts were discerned through alpha-smooth actin (α-SMA) expression, indicating that the Greek tortoise's skin possesses a robust tissue repair and remodeling capacity. B-cell lymphocytes detected via CD20 immunostaining exhibited sporadic distribution in the dermis, concentrating in lymphoid aggregates and around vessels, implying potential roles in local immune responses and inflammation modulation. Employing Tom20 to identify skin cells with abundant mitochondria revealed a notable presence in melanophores and the basal layer of the epidermis, suggesting high metabolic activity in these cell types and potentially influencing cellular functions. These findings contribute to our comprehension of tortoise skin anatomy and physiology, offering insights into the remarkable adaptations of this species finely tuned to their specific environmental habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Rashwan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511 Egypt; Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Samir A A El-Gendy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21944, Egypt
| | - Samar M Ez Elarab
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21944, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A M Alsafy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21944, Egypt.
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6
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Lee EG, Oh JE. From neglect to spotlight: the underappreciated role of B cells in cutaneous inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1328785. [PMID: 38426103 PMCID: PMC10902158 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1328785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin, covering our entire body as its largest organ, manifests enormous complexities and a profound interplay of systemic and local responses. In this heterogeneous domain, B cells were considered strangers. Yet, recent studies have highlighted their existence in the skin and their distinct role in modulating cutaneous immunity across various immune contexts. Accumulating evidence is progressively shedding light on the significance of B cells in maintaining skin health and in skin disorders. Herein, we integrate current insights on the systemic and local contributions of B cells in three prevalent inflammatory skin conditions: Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), and Atopic Dermatitis (AD), underscoring the previously underappreciated importance of B cells within skin immunity. Moreover, we address the potential adverse effects of current treatments used for skin diseases, emphasizing their unintentional consequences on B cells. These comprehensive approaches may pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies that effectively address the intricate nature of skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Gang Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Oh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- BioMedical Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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7
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Chimbetete T, Buck C, Choshi P, Selim R, Pedretti S, Divito SJ, Phillips EJ, Lehloenya R, Peter J. HIV-Associated Immune Dysregulation in the Skin: A Crucible for Exaggerated Inflammation and Hypersensitivity. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:362-373. [PMID: 36549954 PMCID: PMC9974923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Skin diseases are hallmarks of progressive HIV-related immunosuppression, with severe noninfectious inflammatory and hypersensitivity conditions as common as opportunistic infections. Conditions such as papular pruritic eruption are AIDS defining, whereas delayed immune-mediated adverse reactions, mostly cutaneous, occur up to 100-fold more during HIV infection. The skin, constantly in contact with the external environment, has a complex immunity. A dense, tightly junctioned barrier with basal keratinocytes and epidermal Langerhans cells with antimicrobial, innate-activating, and antigen-presenting functions form the frontline. Resident dermal dendritic, mast, macrophage, and innate lymphoid cells play pivotal roles in directing and polarizing appropriate adaptive immune responses and directing effector immune cell trafficking. Sustained viral replication leads to progressive declines in CD4 T cells, whereas Langerhans and dermal dendritic cells serve as viral reservoirs and points of first viral contact in the mucosa. Cutaneous cytokine responses and diminished lymphoid populations create a crucible for exaggerated inflammation and hypersensitivity. However, beyond histopathological description, these manifestations are poorly characterized. This review details normal skin immunology, changes associated with progressive HIV-related immunosuppression, and the characteristic conditions of immune dysregulation increased with HIV. We highlight the main research gaps and several novel tissue-directed strategies to define mechanisms that will provide targeted approaches to prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tafadzwa Chimbetete
- Division of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Chloe Buck
- Division of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Phuti Choshi
- Division of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rose Selim
- Division of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sarah Pedretti
- Allergy and Immunology Unit, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sherrie Jill Divito
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Rannakoe Lehloenya
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Combined Drug Allergy Clinic, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonny Peter
- Division of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Allergy and Immunology Unit, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa; Combined Drug Allergy Clinic, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
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8
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Pinto LM, Chiricozzi A, Calabrese L, Mannino M, Peris K. Novel Therapeutic Strategies in the Topical Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2767. [PMID: 36559261 PMCID: PMC9788207 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Topical agents that are currently available for the treatment of atopic dermatitis may represent a valid approach in the management of mild or mild-moderate cases, whereas they are often supplemented with systemic therapies for handling more complex or unresponsive cases. The most used compounds include topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors, although their use might be burdened by side effects, poor response, and low patient compliance. Consequently, new innovative drugs with higher efficacy and safety both in the short and long term need to be integrated into clinical practice. A deeper understanding of the complex pathogenesis of the disease has led to identifying new therapeutic targets and to the development of innovative therapeutics. This narrative review aims to collect data on selected promising topical drugs that are in an advanced stage of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Maria Pinto
- UOC di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli—IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Chiricozzi
- UOC di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli—IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Calabrese
- UOC di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli—IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Mannino
- UOC di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli—IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ketty Peris
- UOC di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli—IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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9
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Smith JB, Herbert JJ, Truong NR, Cunningham AL. Cytokines and chemokines: The vital role they play in herpes simplex virus mucosal immunology. Front Immunol 2022; 13:936235. [PMID: 36211447 PMCID: PMC9538770 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.936235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) types 1 and 2 are ubiquitous infections in humans. They cause orofacial and genital herpes with occasional severe complications. HSV2 also predisposes individuals to infection with HIV. There is currently no vaccine or immunotherapy for these diseases. Understanding the immunopathogenesis of HSV infections is essential to progress towards these goals. Both HSV viruses result in initial infections in two major sites - in the skin or mucosa, either after initial infection or recurrence, and in the dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia where the viruses establish latency. HSV1 can also cause recurrent infection in the eye. At all of these sites immune cells respond to control infection. T cells and resident dendritic cells (DCs) in the skin/mucosa and around reactivating neurones in the ganglia, as well as keratinocytes in the skin and mucosa, are major sources of cytokines and chemokines. Cytokines such as the Type I and II interferons synergise in their local antiviral effects. Chemokines such as CCL2, 3 and 4 are found in lesion vesicle fluid, but their exact role in determining the interactions between epidermal and dermal DCs and with resident memory and infiltrating CD4 and CD8 T cells in the skin/mucosa is unclear. Even less is known about these mechanisms in the ganglia. Here we review the data on known sources and actions of these cytokines and chemokines at cellular and tissue level and indicate their potential for preventative and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta B. Smith
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason J. Herbert
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Naomi R. Truong
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony L. Cunningham
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Anthony L. Cunningham,
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10
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Harris RJ, Willsmore Z, Laddach R, Crescioli S, Chauhan J, Cheung A, Black A, Geh JLC, MacKenzie Ross AD, Healy C, Tsoka S, Spicer J, Lacy KE, Karagiannis SN. Enriched circulating and tumor-resident TGF-β + regulatory B cells in patients with melanoma promote FOXP3 + Tregs. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2104426. [PMID: 35909944 PMCID: PMC9336482 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2104426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells are emerging as key players of anti-tumor adaptive immune responses. We investigated regulatory and pro-inflammatory cytokine-expressing B cells in patients with melanoma by flow cytometric intracellular cytokine, CyTOF, transcriptomic, immunofluorescence, single-cell RNA-seq, and B:T cell co-culture analyses. We found enhanced circulating regulatory (TGF-β+ and PD-L1+) and reduced pro-inflammatory TNF-α+ B cell populations in patients compared with healthy volunteers (HVs), including lower IFN-γ+:IL-4+ and higher TGF-β+:TNF-α+ B cell ratios in patients. TGF-β-expressing B cells in the melanoma tumor microenvironment assembled in clusters and interacted with T cells via lymphoid recruitment (SELL, CXCL13, CCL4, CD74) signals and with Tregs via CD47:SIRP-γ, and FOXP3-promoting Galectin-9:CD44. While reduced in tumors compared to blood, TNF-α-expressing B cells engaged in crosstalk with Tregs via TNF-α signaling and the ICOS/ICOSL axis. Patient-derived B cells promoted FOXP3+ Treg differentiation in a TGF-β-dependent manner, while sustaining expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α by autologous T-helper cells and promoting T-helper cell proliferation ex vivo, an effect further enhanced with anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade. Our findings reveal cytokine-expressing B cell compartments skewed toward regulatory phenotypes in patient circulation and melanoma lesions, intratumor spatial localization, and bidirectional crosstalk between B and T cell subsets with immunosuppressive attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Harris
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.,King's Health Partners Cancer Research UK Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Zena Willsmore
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.,King's Health Partners Cancer Research UK Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Roman Laddach
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical and Engineering Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jitesh Chauhan
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anthony Cheung
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anna Black
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jenny L C Geh
- Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy's, King's, and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Ciaran Healy
- Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy's, King's, and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sophia Tsoka
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical and Engineering Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James Spicer
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Katie E Lacy
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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11
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Le Bars P, Kouadio AA, Bandiaky ON, Le Guéhennec L, de La Cochetière MF. Host's Immunity and Candida Species Associated with Denture Stomatitis: A Narrative Review. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071437. [PMID: 35889156 PMCID: PMC9323190 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Denture-related Candida stomatitis, which has been described clinically in the literature, is either localized or generalized inflammation of the oral mucosa in connection with a removable prosthesis. During this inflammatory process, the mycobacterial biofilm and the host’s immune response play an essential role. Among microorganisms of this mixed biofilm, the Candida species proliferates easily and changes from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. In this situation, the relationship between the Candida spp. and the host is influenced by the presence of the denture and conditioned both by the immune response and the oral microbiota. Specifically, this fungus is able to hijack the innate immune system of its host to cause infection. Additionally, older edentulous wearers of dentures may experience an imbalanced and decreased oral microbiome diversity. Under these conditions, the immune deficiency of these aging patients often promotes the spread of commensals and pathogens. The present narrative review aimed to analyze the innate and adaptive immune responses of patients with denture stomatitis and more particularly the involvement of Candida albicans sp. associated with this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Le Bars
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes, France; (A.A.K.); (O.N.B.); (L.L.G.)
- Correspondence: authors:
| | - Alain Ayepa Kouadio
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes, France; (A.A.K.); (O.N.B.); (L.L.G.)
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, CHU, Abidjan P.O. Box 612, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Octave Nadile Bandiaky
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes, France; (A.A.K.); (O.N.B.); (L.L.G.)
| | - Laurent Le Guéhennec
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes, France; (A.A.K.); (O.N.B.); (L.L.G.)
| | - Marie-France de La Cochetière
- EA 3826 Thérapeutiques Cliniques Et expérimentales des Infections, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Hôtel-Dieu, Université de Nantes, 1, rue G. Veil, 44000 Nantes, France;
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12
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Carson AS, Gardner A, Iweala OI. Where's the Beef? Understanding Allergic Responses to Red Meat in Alpha-Gal Syndrome. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:267-277. [PMID: 35017216 PMCID: PMC8928418 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-gal syndrome (AGS) describes a collection of symptoms associated with IgE-mediated hypersensitivity responses to the glycan galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal). Individuals with AGS develop delayed hypersensitivity reactions, with symptoms occurring >2 h after consuming mammalian ("red") meat and other mammal-derived food products. The mechanisms of pathogenesis driving this paradigm-breaking food allergy are not fully understood. We review the role of tick bites in the development of alpha-gal-specific IgE and highlight innate and adaptive immune cells possibly involved in alpha-gal sensitization. We discuss the impact of alpha-gal glycosylation on digestion and metabolism of alpha-gal glycolipids and glycoproteins, and the implications for basophil and mast cell activation and mediator release that generate allergic symptoms in AGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey S. Carson
- Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology,Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Aliyah Gardner
- Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology,Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Onyinye I. Iweala
- Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology,Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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13
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Mohd Zaid NA, Sekar M, Bonam SR, Gan SH, Lum PT, Begum MY, Mat Rani NNI, Vaijanathappa J, Wu YS, Subramaniyan V, Fuloria NK, Fuloria S. Promising Natural Products in New Drug Design, Development, and Therapy for Skin Disorders: An Overview of Scientific Evidence and Understanding Their Mechanism of Action. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:23-66. [PMID: 35027818 PMCID: PMC8749048 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s326332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ in the human body, composed of the epidermis and the dermis. It provides protection and acts as a barrier against external menaces like allergens, chemicals, systemic toxicity, and infectious organisms. Skin disorders like cancer, dermatitis, psoriasis, wounds, skin aging, acne, and skin infection occur frequently and can impact human life. According to a growing body of evidence, several studies have reported that natural products have the potential for treating skin disorders. Building on this information, this review provides brief information about the action of the most important in vitro and in vivo research on the use of ten selected natural products in inflammatory, neoplastic, and infectious skin disorders and their mechanisms that have been reported to date. The related studies and articles were searched from several databases, including PubMed, Google, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. Ten natural products that have been reported widely on skin disorders were reviewed in this study, with most showing anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-microbial, and anti-cancer effects as the main therapeutic actions. Overall, most of the natural products reported in this review can reduce and suppress inflammatory markers, like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), induce cancer cell death through apoptosis, and prevent bacteria, fungal, and virus infections indicating their potentials. This review also highlighted the challenges and opportunities of natural products in transdermal/topical delivery systems and their safety considerations for skin disorders. Our findings indicated that natural products might be a low-cost, well-tolerated, and safe treatment for skin diseases. However, a larger number of clinical trials are required to validate these findings. Natural products in combination with modern drugs, as well as the development of novel delivery mechanisms, represent a very promising area for future drug discovery of these natural leads against skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Amirah Mohd Zaid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, 30450, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, 30450, Malaysia
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe-Immunopathologie et Immunointervention Thérapeutique, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Pei Teng Lum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, 30450, Malaysia
| | - M Yasmin Begum
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Asir-Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, 30450, Malaysia
| | - Jaishree Vaijanathappa
- Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research Mauritius, Vacoas-Phoenix, Mauritius
| | - Yuan Seng Wu
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
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14
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Egbuniwe IU, Harris RJ, Nakamura M, Nestle FO, Akbar AN, Karagiannis SN, Lacy KE. B Lymphocytes Accumulate and Proliferate in Human Skin at Sites of Cutaneous Antigen Challenge. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:726-731.e4. [PMID: 34450137 PMCID: PMC8880055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isioma U Egbuniwe
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Translational Medical Sciences Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Harris
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mano Nakamura
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frank O Nestle
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Sanofi Immunology and Inflammation Research Therapeutic Area, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arne N Akbar
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie E Lacy
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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15
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Kader HA, Azeem M, Jwayed SA, Al-Shehhi A, Tabassum A, Ayoub MA, Hetta HF, Waheed Y, Iratni R, Al-Dhaheri A, Muhammad K. Current Insights into Immunology and Novel Therapeutics of Atopic Dermatitis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061392. [PMID: 34200009 PMCID: PMC8226506 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most prevalent inflammatory disease among non-fatal skin diseases, affecting up to one fifth of the population in developed countries. AD is characterized by recurrent pruritic and localized eczema with seasonal fluctuations. AD initializes the phenomenon of atopic march, during which infant AD patients are predisposed to progressive secondary allergies such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and food allergies. The pathophysiology of AD is complex; onset of the disease is caused by several factors, including strong genetic predisposition, disrupted epidermal barrier, and immune dysregulation. AD was initially characterized by defects in the innate immune system and a vigorous skewed adaptive Th2 response to environmental agents; there are compelling evidences that the disorder involves multiple immune pathways. Symptomatic palliative treatment is the only strategy to manage the disease and restore skin integrity. Researchers are trying to more precisely define the contribution of different AD genotypes and elucidate the role of various immune axes. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge about the roles of innate and adaptive immune responsive cells in AD. In addition, current and novel treatment strategies for the management of AD are comprehensively described, including some ongoing clinical trials and promising therapeutic agents. This information will provide an asset towards identifying personalized targets for better therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidaya A. Kader
- Department of Biology, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (H.A.K.); (S.A.J.); (A.A.-S.); (M.A.A.); (R.I.)
| | - Muhammad Azeem
- Department of Pathology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Suhib A. Jwayed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (H.A.K.); (S.A.J.); (A.A.-S.); (M.A.A.); (R.I.)
| | - Aaesha Al-Shehhi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (H.A.K.); (S.A.J.); (A.A.-S.); (M.A.A.); (R.I.)
| | - Attia Tabassum
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Hospital, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Mohammed Akli Ayoub
- Department of Biology, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (H.A.K.); (S.A.J.); (A.A.-S.); (M.A.A.); (R.I.)
| | - Helal F. Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
| | - Yasir Waheed
- Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Rabah Iratni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (H.A.K.); (S.A.J.); (A.A.-S.); (M.A.A.); (R.I.)
| | - Ahmed Al-Dhaheri
- Department of Dermatology, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Khalid Muhammad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; (H.A.K.); (S.A.J.); (A.A.-S.); (M.A.A.); (R.I.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Schell SL, Schneider AM, Nelson AM. Yin and Yang: A disrupted skin microbiome and an aberrant host immune response in hidradenitis suppurativa. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1453-1470. [PMID: 34018644 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The skin microbiome plays an important role in maintaining skin homeostasis by controlling inflammation, providing immune education and maintaining host defense. However, in many inflammatory skin disorders the skin microbiome is disrupted. This dysbiotic community may contribute to disease initiation or exacerbation through the induction of aberrant immune responses in the absence of infection. Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a complex, multifaceted disease involving the skin, innate and adaptive immunity, microbiota and environmental stimuli. Herein, we discuss the current state of HS skin microbiome research and how microbiome components may activate pattern recognition receptor (PRR) pathways, metabolite sensing pathways and antigenic receptors to drive antimicrobial peptide, cytokine, miRNA and adaptive immune cell responses in HS. We highlight the major open questions that remain to be addressed and how antibiotic therapies for HS likely influence both microbial burden and inflammation. Ultimately, we hypothesize that the two-way communication between the skin microbiome and host immune response in HS skin generates a chronic positive feed-forward loop that perpetuates chronic inflammation, tissue destruction and disease exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Schell
- Department of Dermatology, Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Andrea M Schneider
- Department of Dermatology, Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Amanda M Nelson
- Department of Dermatology, Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
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17
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Ford ES, Sholukh AM, Boytz R, Carmack SS, Klock A, Phasouk K, Shao D, Rossenkhan R, Edlefsen PT, Peng T, Johnston C, Wald A, Zhu J, Corey L. B cells, antibody-secreting cells, and virus-specific antibodies respond to herpes simplex virus 2 reactivation in skin. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:142088. [PMID: 33784252 PMCID: PMC8087200 DOI: 10.1172/jci142088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-based T cells are important effectors in the prevention and control of mucosal viral infections; less is known about tissue-based B cells. We demonstrate that B cells and antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) are present in inflammatory infiltrates in skin biopsy specimens from study participants during symptomatic herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) reactivation and early healing. Both CD20+ B cells, most of which are antigen inexperienced based on their coexpression of IgD, and ASCs - characterized by dense IgG RNA expression in combination with CD138, IRF4, and Blimp-1 RNA - were found to colocalize with T cells. ASCs clustered with CD4+ T cells, suggesting the potential for crosstalk. HSV-2-specific antibodies to virus surface antigens were also present in tissue and increased in concentration during HSV-2 reactivation and healing, unlike in serum, where concentrations remained static over time. B cells, ASCs, and HSV-specific antibody were rarely detected in biopsies of unaffected skin. Evaluation of samples from serial biopsies demonstrated that B cells and ASCs followed a more migratory than resident pattern of infiltration in HSV-affected genital skin, in contrast to T cells. Together, these observations suggest the presence of distinct phenotypes of B cells in HSV-affected tissue; dissecting their role in reactivation may reveal new therapeutic avenues to control these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S. Ford
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine
| | - Anton M. Sholukh
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - RuthMabel Boytz
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Alexis Klock
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and
| | - Khamsone Phasouk
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Danica Shao
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Raabya Rossenkhan
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Paul T. Edlefsen
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tao Peng
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and
| | - Christine Johnston
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine
| | - Anna Wald
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jia Zhu
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and
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18
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Lerman I, Mitchell DC, Richardson CT. Human cutaneous B cells: what do we really know? ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:440. [PMID: 33842661 PMCID: PMC8033329 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
B cells play many critical roles in the systemic immune response, including antibody secretion, antigen presentation, T cell co-stimulation, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production. However, the contribution of B cells to the local immune response in many non-lymphoid tissues, such as the skin, is incompletely understood. Cutaneous B cells are scarce except in certain malignant and inflammatory conditions, and as such, have been poorly characterized until recently. Emerging evidence now suggests an important role for cutaneous B in both skin homeostasis and pathogenesis of skin disease. Herein, we discuss the potential mechanisms for cutaneous B cell recruitment, localized antibody production, and T cell interaction in human skin infections and primary skin malignancies (i.e., melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma). We further consider the likely contribution of cutaneous B cells to the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases, including pemphigus vulgaris, lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, hidradenitis suppurativa, and atopic dermatitis. Finally, we examine the feasibility of B cell targeted therapy in the dermatologic setting, emphasizing areas that are still open to investigation. Through this review, we hope to highlight what we really know about cutaneous B cells in human skin, which can sometimes be lost in reviews that more broadly incorporate extensive data from animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Lerman
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Drew C Mitchell
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Christopher T Richardson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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19
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Aira LE, Debes GF. Skin-Homing Regulatory B Cells Required for Suppression of Cutaneous Inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:1995-2005.e6. [PMID: 33577766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pro and anti-inflammatory B-cell subsets that localize to unperturbed and inflamed skin are newly emerging components of the skin immune system. To test the relevance of regulatory B cells (Bregs) in the suppression of cutaneous inflammation, we asked whether impaired migration of these cells into the skin exacerbates skin inflammation. Using a mouse model with a B-cell‒specific tamoxifen-inducible deletion of α4β1 integrin, we demonstrate that selective disruption of α4β1-integrin expression in B cells significantly decreases IL-10+ Bregs in inflamed skin, whereas it does not affect their counterparts in lymphoid tissues. Impaired skin homing and reduced cutaneous accumulation of IL-10+ Bregs lead to a significant increase in clinical and histopathological parameters of inflammation in both psoriasiform skin inflammation and cutaneous delayed contact hypersensitivity. Thus, our data show a crucial function of skin-homing IL-10+ Bregs in the suppression of skin inflammation, supporting the notion that Bregs are critical players in the cutaneous environment during inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazaro Emilio Aira
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gudrun Fiona Debes
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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20
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Lliberos C, Liew SH, Zareie P, La Gruta NL, Mansell A, Hutt K. Evaluation of inflammation and follicle depletion during ovarian ageing in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:278. [PMID: 33432051 PMCID: PMC7801638 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive ageing in females is defined by a progressive decline in follicle number and oocyte quality. This is a natural process that leads to the loss of fertility and ovarian function, cycle irregularity and eventually menopause or reproductive senescence. The factors that underlie the natural depletion of follicles throughout reproductive life are poorly characterised. It has been proposed that inflammatory processes and fibrosis might contribute to ovarian ageing. To further investigate this possibility, we evaluated key markers of inflammation and immune cell populations in the ovaries of 2, 6, 12 and 18-month-old C57BL/6 female mice. We report that the decrease in follicle numbers over the reproductive lifespan was associated with an increase in the intra-ovarian percentage of CD4 + T cells, B cells and macrophages. Serum concentration and intra-ovarian mRNA levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1α/β, TNF-α, IL-6, and inflammasome genes ASC and NLRP3, were significantly increased with age. Fibrosis levels, as determined by picrosirius red staining for collagen I and III, were unchanged up to 18 months of age. Collectively, these data suggest that inflammation could be one of the mechanisms responsible for the age-related regulation of follicle number, but the role of fibrosis is unclear. Further studies are now required to determine if there is a causative relationship between inflammation and follicle depletion as females age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Lliberos
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Seng H Liew
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Pirooz Zareie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicole L La Gruta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashley Mansell
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Karla Hutt
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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21
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Kumar V. Going, Toll-like receptors in skin inflammation and inflammatory diseases. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:52-79. [PMID: 33510592 PMCID: PMC7838829 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-3114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Indian Ayurvedic physicians knew the concept of inflammation dating back to 1500 BC. The continuous progress in the immunology of inflammation has explained its undiscovered mechanisms. For example, the discovery of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in humans (1997) has revolutionized the field of infection biology and innate immunity. The laboratory mice have shown twelve TLRs and express TLR10 (CD290) as a disrupted pseudogene, and humans have ten functional TLRs. Now, it is well established that TLRs play a significant role in different infectious and inflammatory diseases. Skin inflammation and other associated inflammatory diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD), acne vulgaris, and psoriasis, along with many skin cancers are major health problems all over the world. The continuous development in the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases has opened the window of opportunity for TLRs in studying their role. Hence, the manuscript explores the role of different TLRs in the pathogenesis of skin inflammation and associated inflammatory diseases. The article starts with the concept of inflammation, its origin, and the impact of TLRs discovery on infection and inflammation biology. The subsequent section describes the burden of skin-associated inflammatory diseases worldwide and the effect of the geographical habitat of people affecting it. The third section explains skin as an immune organ and explains the expression of different TLRs on different skin cells, including keratinocytes, Langerhans cells (LCs), skin fibroblasts, and melanocytes. The fourth section describes the impact of TLRs on these cells in different skin-inflammatory conditions, including acne vulgaris, AD, psoriasis, and skin cancers. The article also discusses the use of different TLR-based therapeutic approaches as specific to these inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Children Health Clinical Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Mater Research, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4078, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4078, Australia
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22
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Skin-Associated B Cells in the Pathogenesis of Cutaneous Autoimmune Diseases-Implications for Therapeutic Approaches. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122627. [PMID: 33297481 PMCID: PMC7762338 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
B lymphocytes are crucial mediators of systemic immune responses and are known to be substantial in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases with cutaneous manifestations. Amongst them are lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis and psoriasis, and particularly those driven by autoantibodies such as pemphigus and pemphigoid. However, the concept of autoreactive skin-associated B cells, which may reside in the skin and locally contribute to chronic inflammation, is gradually evolving. These cells are believed to differ from B cells of primary and secondary lymphoid organs and may provide additional features besides autoantibody production, including cytokine expression and crosstalk to autoreactive T cells in an antigen-presenting manner. In chronically inflamed skin, B cells may appear in tertiary lymphoid structures. Those abnormal lymph node-like structures comprise a network of immune and stromal cells possibly enriched by vascular structures and thus constitute an ideal niche for local autoimmune responses. In this review, we describe current considerations of different B cell subsets and their assumed role in skin autoimmunity. Moreover, we discuss traditional and B cell-associated approaches for the treatment of autoimmune skin diseases, including drugs targeting B cells (e.g., CD19- and CD20-antibodies), plasma cells (e.g., proteasome inhibitors, CXCR4 antagonists), activated pathways (such as BTK- and PI3K-inhibitors) and associated activator molecules (BLyS, APRIL).
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23
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Brüggen MC, Stingl G. Das subkutane weiße Fettgewebe: die unterste Etage der immunologischen Hautbarriere. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2020; 18:1225-1228. [PMID: 33251731 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14335_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Die äußere Begrenzung des Körpers von Säugetieren, die Haut, besteht aus drei Schichten, Epidermis, Dermis und subkutanem weissem Fettgewebe (subcutaneous white adipose tissue, SWAT). Während die Epidermis und Dermis hinsichtlich ihrer Funktion als «Immunbarriere» eingehend charakterisiert sind, ist über das SWAT nur wenig bekannt. SWAT des Menschen setzt sich aus Läppchen zusammen, die vor allem aus Adipozyten bestehen und durch vaskularisierte Bindegewebssepten unterteilt und voneinander getrennt werden. Eine immun-phänotypische Untersuchung von durch Fettabsaugung gewonnenem SWAT zeigte, dass gesundes SWAT keine Entzündungszeichen aufweist, jedoch Immunzellen beherbergt. Im Unterschied zur restlichen Haut handelt es sich dabei hauptsächlich um Makrophagen und, in geringerem Maße, T- Lymphozyten, deren Phänotyp darauf hinweist, dass ihnen primär anti-inflammatorische und regulierende Funktionen zukommen. SWAT besitzt also nicht nur eine mechanische, sondern möglicherweise auch immunologische Schutzfunktion, die darin besteht, überschießende Immun- sowie Entzündungsreaktionen zu verhindern oder zumindest abzumildern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Charlotte Brüggen
- Medizinische Fakultät, University of Zurich, Zürich, Schweiz.,Dermatologische Klinik, Universitätsspital Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz.,Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Schweiz
| | - Georg Stingl
- Dermatologie, Universitätskliniken der MedUni Wien, Wien, Österreich
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24
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Brüggen MC, Stingl G. Subcutaneous white adipose tissue: The deepest layer of the cutaneous immune barrier. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2020; 18:1225-1227. [PMID: 33197138 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian skin, the outer covering of the body, is composed of three layers, i.e. the epidermis, the dermis and the subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SWAT). While the contribution of epidermis and dermis to the skin's immune function is well established, the role, if any, of SWAT in this regard has yet to be determined. Human SWAT is made up of lobules which consist mainly of adipocytes and are subdivided and separated from each other by vascularized septae of connective tissue. An immunophenotypic analysis of liposuction-derived SWAT demonstrated that healthy subcutaneous fat tissue, although showing no overt signs of inflammation, harbors an indigenous system of immunocytes. As opposed to epidermis and dermis, they belong mainly to the mononuclear phagocyte lineage and, to a lesser extent, represent T-lymphocytes. Their phenotype indicates that these two major subsets of SWAT leukocytes are primarily concerned with ant-inflammatory and/or regulatory functions. It thus appears that SWAT is more than a cushion protecting against mechanical trauma, and may subserve immunomodulatory functions aimed at preventing or, at least, mitigating exaggerated immune and/or inflammatory reactions..
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Charlotte Brüggen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Georg Stingl
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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25
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Hosio M, Jaks V, Lagus H, Vuola J, Ogawa R, Kankuri E. Primary Ciliary Signaling in the Skin-Contribution to Wound Healing and Scarring. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:578384. [PMID: 33282860 PMCID: PMC7691485 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.578384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia (PC) are solitary, post-mitotic, microtubule-based, and membrane-covered protrusions that are found on almost every mammalian cell. PC are specialized cellular sensory organelles that transmit environmental information to the cell. Signaling through PC is involved in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Conversely, defective, or abnormal PC signaling can contribute to the development of various pathological conditions. Our knowledge of the role of PC in organ development and function is largely based on ciliopathies, a family of genetic disorders with mutations affecting the structure and function of PC. In this review, we focus on the role of PC in their major signaling pathways active in skin cells, and their contribution to wound healing and scarring. To provide comprehensive insights into the current understanding of PC functions, we have collected data available in the literature, including evidence across cell types, tissues, and animal species. We conclude that PC are underappreciated subcellular organelles that significantly contribute to both physiological and pathological processes of the skin development and wound healing. Thus, PC assembly and disassembly and PC signaling may serve as attractive targets for antifibrotic and antiscarring therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Hosio
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Viljar Jaks
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Heli Lagus
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Wound Healing Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jyrki Vuola
- Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rei Ogawa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Esko Kankuri
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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26
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Millet N, Solis NV, Swidergall M. Mucosal IgA Prevents Commensal Candida albicans Dysbiosis in the Oral Cavity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:555363. [PMID: 33193324 PMCID: PMC7642201 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.555363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungus Candida albicans colonizes the oral mucosal surface of 30–70% of healthy individuals. Due to local or systemic immunosuppression, this commensal fungus is able to proliferate resulting in oral disease, called oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC). However, in healthy individuals C. albicans causes no harm. Unlike humans mice do not host C. albicans in their mycobiome. Thus, oral fungal challenge generates an acute immune response in a naive host. Therefore, we utilized C. albicans clinical isolates which are able to persist in the oral cavity without causing disease to analyze adaptive responses to oral fungal commensalism. We performed RNA sequencing to determine the transcriptional host response landscape during C. albicans colonization. Pathway analysis revealed an upregulation of adaptive host responses due to C. albicans oral persistence, including the upregulation of the immune network for IgA production. Fungal colonization increased cross-specific IgA levels in the saliva and the tongue, and IgA+ cells migrated to foci of fungal colonization. Binding of IgA prevented fungal epithelial adhesion and invasion resulting in a dampened proinflammatory epithelial response. Besides CD19+ CD138− B cells, plasmablasts, and plasma cells were enriched in the tongue of mice colonized with C. albicans suggesting a potential role of B lymphocytes during oral fungal colonization. B cell deficiency increased the oral fungal load without causing severe OPC. Thus, in the oral cavity B lymphocytes contribute to control commensal C. albicans carriage by secreting IgA at foci of colonization thereby preventing fungal dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Millet
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States.,Institute for Infection and Immunity, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Norma V Solis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States.,Institute for Infection and Immunity, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Marc Swidergall
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States.,Institute for Infection and Immunity, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States.,David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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27
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Horii M, Matsushita T. Regulatory B cells and T cell Regulation in Cancer. J Mol Biol 2020; 433:166685. [PMID: 33096106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent researches shed light on B cell role on various autoimmune diseases, including autoantibody-mediated diseases as well as T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. B cells play a critical role in the immune response beyond the production of antibodies through mechanisms such as antigen presentation and cytokine production. Furthermore, B cells have recently been recognized to play a role in promoting tumor immunity against cancer. However, not all B cells positively regulate immune responses. Regulatory B cells negatively regulate immune responses by the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-10, IL-35, and transforming growth factor-beta. Thus, a balance between effector and regulatory B cells regulates the immune response through the release of cytokines. In this review, we highlight the main emerging roles of B cells in tumor immunity with a focus on the T cell response. These findings can guide a protocol for selectively depleting regulatory B cells as a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Horii
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Takashi Matsushita
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan.
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28
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Poon MM, Farber DL. The Whole Body as the System in Systems Immunology. iScience 2020; 23:101509. [PMID: 32920485 PMCID: PMC7491152 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The human immune system is comprised of a diverse and interactive network of specialized cells localized in diverse tissues throughout the body, where they mediate protection against pathogens and environmental insults while maintaining tissue homeostasis. Although much of our understanding of human immunology has derived from studies of peripheral blood, recent work utilizing human tissue resources and innovative computational methods have employed a whole-body, systems-based approach, revealing tremendous complexity and heterogeneity of the immune system within individuals and across the population. In this review, we discuss how tissue localization, developmental and age-associated changes, and conditions of health and disease shape the immune response, as well as how improved understanding of interindividual and tissue-specific immunity can be leveraged for developing targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya M.L. Poon
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Donna L. Farber
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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29
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Kaufman CL, Kanitakis J, Weissenbacher A, Brandacher G, Mehra MR, Amer H, Zelger BG, Zelger B, Pomahac B, McDiarmid S, Cendales L, Morelon E. Defining chronic rejection in vascularized composite allotransplantation-The American Society of Reconstructive Transplantation and International Society of Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation chronic rejection working group: 2018 American Society of Reconstructive Transplantation meeting report and white paper Research goals in defining chronic rejection in vascularized composite allotransplantation. SAGE Open Med 2020; 8:2050312120940421. [PMID: 32704373 PMCID: PMC7361482 DOI: 10.1177/2050312120940421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This report summarizes a collaborative effort between the American Society of Reconstructive Transplantation and the International Society of Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation to establish what is known about chronic rejection in recipients of vascularized composite allografts, with an emphasis on upper extremity and face transplants. As a picture of chronic rejection in hand and face vascularized composite allografts emerges, the results will be applied to other types of vascularized composite allografts, such as uterine transplantation. Methods: The overall goal is to develop a definition of chronic rejection in vascularized composite allografts so that we can establish longitudinal correlates of factors such as acute rejection, immunosuppressive therapy, de novo donor-specific antibody and trauma/infection and other external factors on the development of chronic rejection. As Dr Kanitakis eloquently stated at the 2017 International Society of Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation meeting in Salzburg, “Before we can correlate causative factors of chronic rejection, we have to define what chronic rejection in VCA is.” Results: The first meeting report was presented at the sixth Biennial meeting of the American Society of Reconstructive Transplantation in November 2018. Based on collaborative efforts and descriptions of clinical cases of chronic rejection in vascularized composite allograft recipients, a working definition of chronic rejection in vascularized composite allografts with respect to overt functional decline, subclinical functional decline, histologic evidence without functional decline, and normal allograft function in the absence of histologic evidence of chronic rejection is proposed. Conclusions: It is the intent of this collaborative working group that these working definitions will help to focus ongoing research to define the incidence, risk factors and treatment regimens that will identify mechanisms of chronic rejection in vascularized composite allografts. As with all good research, our initial efforts have generated more questions than answers. We hope that this is the first of many updates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Kanitakis
- Department of Dermatology, Ed. Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sue McDiarmid
- Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Emmanuel Morelon
- Department of Transplantation, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Ed. Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
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30
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Aira LE, Debes GF. B Cells and Melanoma Pathogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 139:1422-1424. [PMID: 31230637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the deadliest cancers. In this issue, Kobayashi et al. (2019) demonstrate a novel role for tumor-infiltrating innate-like B1a B cells in promoting melanoma growth. IL-10+ (B1a) regulatory B cells accumulate selectively in melanomas, and enhance tumor growth through suppression of cytokine production by tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and potentially additional IL-10-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazaro E Aira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gudrun F Debes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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31
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Abstract
In mammals, adaptive immunity is mediated by a broadly diverse repertoire of naive B and T lymphocytes that recirculate between secondary lymphoid organs. Initial antigen exposure promotes lymphocyte clonal expansion and differentiation, including the formation of memory cells. Antigen-specific memory cells are maintained at higher frequencies than their naive counterparts and have different functional and homing abilities. Importantly, a subset of memory cells, known as tissue-resident memory cells, is maintained without recirculating in nonlymphoid tissues, often at barrier surfaces, where they can be reactivated by antigen and rapidly perform effector functions that help protect the tissue in which they reside. Although antigen-experienced B cells are abundant at many barrier surfaces, their characterization as tissue-resident memory B (BRM) cells is not well developed. In this study, we describe the characteristics of memory B cells in various locations and discuss their possible contributions to immunity and homeostasis as bona fide BRM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Rameeza Allie
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Troy D. Randall
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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32
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Frew JW, Grand D, Navrazhina K, Krueger JG. Beyond antibodies: B cells in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Bystanders, contributors or therapeutic targets? Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:509-515. [PMID: 32145106 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis in which B cells play a prominent but unclear role. Our understanding of the role of B cells in innate and adaptive immunity (including antibody production, antigen presentation and effector functions) is rapidly evolving; and these novel findings require integration into the pathophysiologic model of HS. B cells are transiently present in normal human skin and have functions in the maintenance of innate cutaneous immunity. Recruitment and trafficking of B cells in significant numbers to skin is mediated via B cell-specific chemokines as well as shared signalling with T-cells. The evidence suggests that the presence of antibody-secreting B cells is not sufficient to induce clinical disease and T-cell interaction is required to induce clinical disease. Such interactions can occur in secondary lymphoid organs adjacent to involved tissue or in tertiary lymphoid organs which develop in response to the HS inflammatory milieu. This milieu directly mediates the types of antibodies produced by B cells, given the role of cytokines in B-cell class switching. Identified antibodies in HS (IgG, IgM, ASCA, ACPA) currently demonstrate no evidence of pathogenicity, but may be novel biomarkers for disease severity. B cells also have anti-inflammatory properties through production of IL-10 and IL-35 which require experimental validation. Overall, B cells in HS are likely to be involved in amplification of a pre-existing inflammatory response; but it remains unclear whether they may be directly pathogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Frew
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Grand
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kristina Navrazhina
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, Weill Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - James G Krueger
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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33
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Foulon M, Pouchin A, Manry J, Khater F, Robbe-Saule M, Durand A, Esnault L, Delneste Y, Jeannin P, Saint-André JP, Croué A, Altare F, Abel L, Alcaïs A, Marion E. Skin-specific antibodies neutralizing mycolactone toxin during the spontaneous healing of Mycobacterium ulcerans infection. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaax7781. [PMID: 32133396 PMCID: PMC7043917 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax7781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Buruli ulcer, a neglected tropical infectious disease, is caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. Without treatment, its lesions can progress to chronic skin ulcers, but spontaneous healing is observed in 5% of cases, suggesting the possible establishment of a host strategy counteracting the effects of M. ulcerans. We reveal here a skin-specific local humoral signature of the spontaneous healing process, associated with a rise in antibody-producing cells and specific recognition of mycolactone by the mouse IgG2a immunoglobulin subclass. We demonstrate the production of skin-specific antibodies neutralizing the immunomodulatory activity of the mycolactone toxin, and confirm the role of human host machinery in triggering effective local immune responses by the detection of anti-mycolactone antibodies in patients with Buruli ulcer. Our findings pave the way for substantial advances in both the diagnosis and treatment of Buruli ulcer in accordance with the most recent challenges issued by the World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Foulon
- Equipe ATOMycA, U1232 CRCINA, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Nantes, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Amélie Pouchin
- Equipe ATOMycA, U1232 CRCINA, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Nantes, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Jérémy Manry
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-1163, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Fida Khater
- Equipe ATOMycA, U1232 CRCINA, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Nantes, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Marie Robbe-Saule
- Equipe ATOMycA, U1232 CRCINA, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Nantes, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Amandine Durand
- Equipe ATOMycA, U1232 CRCINA, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Nantes, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Lucille Esnault
- Equipe ATOMycA, U1232 CRCINA, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Nantes, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Yves Delneste
- Equipe 07, U1232 CRCINA, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Nantes, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
- CHU Angers, Département d'Immunologie et Allergologie, Angers, France
| | - Pascale Jeannin
- Equipe 07, U1232 CRCINA, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Nantes, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
- CHU Angers, Département d'Immunologie et Allergologie, Angers, France
| | | | - Anne Croué
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Frederic Altare
- Equipe 05, U1232 CRCINA, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université d’Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-1163, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Alcaïs
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR-1163, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Estelle Marion
- Equipe ATOMycA, U1232 CRCINA, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Nantes, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
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Debes GF, McGettigan SE. Skin-Associated B Cells in Health and Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 202:1659-1666. [PMID: 30833422 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, the skin was believed to be devoid of B cells, and studies of the skin immune system have largely focused on other types of leukocytes. Exciting recent data show that B cells localize to the healthy skin of humans and other mammalian species with likely homeostatic functions in host defense, regulation of microbial communities, and wound healing. Distinct skin-associated B cell subsets drive or suppress cutaneous inflammatory responses with important clinical implications. Localized functions of skin-associated B cell subsets during inflammation comprise Ab production, interactions with skin T cells, tertiary lymphoid tissue formation, and production of proinflammatory cytokines but also include immunosuppression by providing IL-10. In this review, we delve into the intriguing new roles of skin-associated B cells in homeostasis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun F Debes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Shannon E McGettigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
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Peppas I, George G, Sollie S, Josephs DH, Hammar N, Walldius G, Karagiannis SN, Van Hemelrijck M. Association of Serum Immunoglobulin Levels with Solid Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:527-538. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Gazi U, Taylan-Ozkan A, Mumcuoglu KY. Immune mechanisms in human and canine demodicosis: A review. Parasite Immunol 2019; 41:e12673. [PMID: 31557333 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Demodex mites are saprophytic parasites of the mammalian skin, mostly found in or near pilosebaceous units of hairy regions. While they can be found in healthy humans and animals without causing any clinical manifestations, they were suggested to create pathogenic symptoms when they appear in high densities under favourable conditions (ie, demodicosis). Nevertheless, their role as the primary causative agent of the pathogenic conditions in humans is debated today. Canine demodicosis, which is highly prevalent in certain dog breeds, provides a valuable tool for studying the pathogenesis of human demodicosis. Canine and human demodicosis are caused by different Demodex species, and the clinical manifestations in former could be life-threatening. Nevertheless, current literature suggests similar immune responses and immune evasion mechanisms in human and canine demodicosis; cellular immunity appeared to have a central role in protection against demodicosis, and Demodex mites were shown to influence both innate and adaptive immune response to escape immune attack. The aim of this review is to summarize the relevant literature on demodicosis obtained from studies conducted on both organisms, and draw the attention to the effect of mite-associated factors (eg, microbiota) on the different clinical manifestations displayed during human and canine demodicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Gazi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Aysegul Taylan-Ozkan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Kosta Y Mumcuoglu
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Zhou S, Liu Z, Yuan H, Zhao X, Zou Y, Zheng J, Pan M. Autoreactive B Cell Differentiation in Diffuse Ectopic Lymphoid-Like Structures of Inflamed Pemphigus Lesions. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:309-318.e8. [PMID: 31476317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.07.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pemphigus is an organ-specific autoimmune disease that targets skin and/or mucous membranes. Our previous study showed that infiltrating lymphocytes in pemphigus vulgaris (PV) lesions produce anti-desmoglein (Dsg) 1/3 antibodies after in vitro culture. In this study, we found diffuse ectopic lymphoid-like structures (ELSs) commonly present in the lesions of both PV and pemphigus foliaceus. Notably, pemphigus lesions contained centroblasts, plasmablasts, and plasma cells, which recapitulated the different stages of B cell differentiation. Elevated mRNA expression levels of the differentiation-related transcription factors BLIMP-1, IRF4, and BCL-6 were observed in pemphigus lesions. Moreover, B cell receptor repertoire analysis revealed the clonal expansion of the lesional B cells. Lesional B cells might recirculate among lesions, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood. Increased mRNA expression levels of multiple chemokines in pemphigus lesions and elevated expression levels of chemokine receptors on lesional B cells were also observed. Collectively, these results show that the ELSs in pemphigus lesions might act as a niche, supporting in situ B cell differentiation and clonal expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengru Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhicui Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijie Yuan
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaru Zou
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Henrique MO, Neto LS, Assis JB, Barros MS, Capurro ML, Lepique AP, Fonseca DM, Sá-Nunes A. Evaluation of inflammatory skin infiltrate following Aedes aegypti bites in sensitized and non-sensitized mice reveals saliva-dependent and immune-dependent phenotypes. Immunology 2019; 158:47-59. [PMID: 31315156 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During probing and blood feeding, haematophagous mosquitoes inoculate a mixture of salivary molecules into their vertebrate hosts' skin. In addition to the anti-haemostatic and immunomodulatory activities, mosquito saliva also triggers acute inflammatory reactions, especially in sensitized hosts. Here, we characterize the oedema and the cellular infiltrate following Aedes aegypti mosquito bites in the skin of sensitized and non-sensitized BALB/c mice by flow cytometry. Ae. aegypti bites induced an increased oedema in the ears of both non-sensitized and salivary gland extract- (SGE-)sensitized mice, peaking at 6 hr and 24 hr after exposure, respectively. The quantification of the total cell number in the ears revealed that the cellular recruitment was more robust in SGE-sensitized mice than in non-sensitized mice, and the histological evaluation confirmed these findings. The immunophenotyping performed by flow cytometry revealed that mosquito bites were able to produce complex changes in cell populations present in the ears of non-sensitized and SGE-sensitized mice. When compared with steady-state ears, the leucocyte populations significantly recruited to the skin after mosquito bites in non-sensitized and sensitized mice were eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes, inflammatory monocytes, mast cells, B-cells and CD4+ T-cells, each one with its specific kinetics. The changes in the absolute number of cells suggested two cell recruitment profiles: (i) a saliva-dependent migration; and (ii) a migration dependent on the immune status of the host. These findings suggest that mosquito bites influence the skin microenvironment by inducing differential cell migration, which is dependent on the degree of host sensitization to salivary molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maressa O Henrique
- Laboratório de Imunologia Experimental, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leila S Neto
- Laboratório de Imunologia Experimental, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Josiane B Assis
- Laboratório de Imunologia Experimental, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Michele S Barros
- Laboratório de Imunologia Experimental, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Margareth L Capurro
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Geneticamente Modificados, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (INCT-EM/CNPq), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana P Lepique
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise M Fonseca
- Laboratório de Imunologia de Mucosas, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson Sá-Nunes
- Laboratório de Imunologia Experimental, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (INCT-EM/CNPq), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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39
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Inflammatory chemokine profiles and their correlations with effector CD4 T cell and regulatory cell subpopulations in cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Cytokine 2019; 119:95-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Cañedo-Dorantes L, Cañedo-Ayala M. Skin Acute Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Inflam 2019; 2019:3706315. [PMID: 31275545 PMCID: PMC6582859 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3706315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental work of the last two decades has revealed the general steps of the wound healing process. This complex network has been organized in three sequential and overlapping steps. The first step of the inflammatory phase is an immediate response to injury; primary sensory neurons sense injury and send danger signals to the brain, to stop bleeding and start inflammation. The following target of the inflammatory phase, led by the peripheral blood mononuclear cells, is to eliminate the pathogens and clean the wound. Once this is completed, the inflammatory phase is resolved and homeostasis is restored. The aim of the proliferative phase, the second phase, is to repair wound damage and begin tissue remodeling. Fibroplasia, reepithelialization, angiogenesis, and peripheral nerve repair are the central actions of this phase. Lastly, the objective of the final phase is to complete tissue remodeling and restore skin integrity. This review provides present day information regarding the status of the participant cells, extracellular matrix, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, as well as their interactions with the microenvironment during the wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Cañedo-Dorantes
- Research Division, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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41
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Kaufman CL, Cascalho M, Ozyurekoglu T, Jones CM, Ramirez A, Roberts T, Tien HY, Moreno R, Galvis E, Tsai TM, Palazzo M, Farner S, Platt JL. The role of B cell immunity in VCA graft rejection and acceptance. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:385-392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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42
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Arévalo MT, Rizzo GM, Polsky R, Glaros T, Mach PM. Proteomic Characterization of Immunoglobulin Content in Dermal Interstitial Fluid. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:2381-2384. [PMID: 31091412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Microneedles have been demonstrated to be a minimally invasive technique for sampling dermal interstitial fluid (ISF). Shotgun quantitative proteomics has already identified hundreds of proteins in ISF and quantitatively compared the proteome to matching serum and plasma. Interstitial fluid was determined to be a viable minimally invasive alternative to blood-derived fluids. In this communication, we re-examined the proteomic data from previous work to determine the diversity of immunoglobulins present compared with serum and plasma. Similar to our previous findings regarding the proteomic content across fluid types, ISF had a similar composition of IgG, IgA, IgD, and IgE antibodies as plasma or serum and lower quantities of IgM, which reflects the relative concentrations of dermal tissue T-cell and B-cell populations, indicating that the Ig's were likely locally derived. This work has significant implications for the utility of measuring Ig's in ISF for the clinical diagnosis of immunological diseases and skin infections. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD012658.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Arévalo
- Defense Threat Reduction Agency , Fort Belvoir , Virginia 22060 , United States.,United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command , Chemical Biological Center (CBC) , Aberdeen Proving Ground , Maryland 21010 , United States
| | - Gabrielle M Rizzo
- Excet, Inc. , 6225 Brandon Avenue, Suite 360 , Springfield , Virginia 22150 , United States
| | - Ronen Polsky
- Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87185 , United States
| | - Trevor Glaros
- United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command , Chemical Biological Center (CBC) , Aberdeen Proving Ground , Maryland 21010 , United States
| | - Phillip M Mach
- United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command , Chemical Biological Center (CBC) , Aberdeen Proving Ground , Maryland 21010 , United States
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43
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The Dynamics of the Skin's Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081811. [PMID: 31013709 PMCID: PMC6515324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is a complex organ that has devised numerous strategies, such as physical, chemical, and microbiological barriers, to protect the host from external insults. In addition, the skin contains an intricate network of immune cells resident to the tissue, crucial for host defense as well as tissue homeostasis. In the event of an insult, the skin-resident immune cells are crucial not only for prevention of infection but also for tissue reconstruction. Deregulation of immune responses often leads to impaired healing and poor tissue restoration and function. In this review, we will discuss the defensive components of the skin and focus on the function of skin-resident immune cells in homeostasis and their role in wound healing.
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Hayes AJ, Rane S, Scales HE, Meehan GR, Benson RA, Maroof A, Schroeder J, Tomura M, Gozzard N, Yates AJ, Garside P, Brewer JM. Spatiotemporal Modeling of the Key Migratory Events During the Initiation of Adaptive Immunity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:598. [PMID: 31024523 PMCID: PMC6460458 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Initiation of adaptive immunity involves distinct migratory cell populations coming together in a highly dynamic and spatially organized process. However, we lack a detailed spatiotemporal map of these events due to our inability to track the fate of cells between anatomically distinct locations or functionally identify cell populations as migratory. We used photo-convertible transgenic mice (Kaede) to spatiotemporally track the fate and composition of the cell populations that leave the site of priming and enter the draining lymph node to initiate immunity. We show that following skin priming, the lymph node migratory population is principally composed of cells recruited to the site of priming, with a minor contribution from tissue resident cells. In combination with the YAe/Eα system, we also show that the majority of cells presenting antigen are CD103+CD11b+ dendritic cells that were recruited to the site of priming during the inflammatory response. This population has previously only been described in relation to mucosal tissues. Comprehensive phenotypic profiling of the cells migrating from the skin to the draining lymph node by mass cytometry revealed that in addition to dendritic cells, the migratory population also included CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, and neutrophils. Taking our complex spatiotemporal data set, we then generated a model of cell migration that quantifies and describes the dynamics of arrival, departure, and residence times of cells at the site of priming and in the draining lymph node throughout the time-course of the initiation of adaptive immunity. In addition, we have identified the mean migration time of migratory dendritic cells as they travel from the site of priming to the draining lymph node. These findings represent an unprecedented, detailed and quantitative map of cell dynamics and phenotypes during immunization, identifying where, when and which cells to target for immunomodulation in autoimmunity and vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Hayes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sanket Rane
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Centre, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hannah E Scales
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin R Meehan
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Benson
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Juliane Schroeder
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Michio Tomura
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Andrew J Yates
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Centre, New York, NY, United States
| | - Paul Garside
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - James M Brewer
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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45
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Nuttall PA. Wonders of tick saliva. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 10:470-481. [PMID: 30459085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Saliva of ticks is arguably the most complex saliva of any animal. This is particularly the case for ixodid species that feed for many days firmly attached to the same skin site of their obliging host. Sequencing and spectrometry technologies combined with bioinformatics are enumerating ingredients in the saliva cocktail. The dynamic and expanding saliva recipe is helping decipher the wonderous activities of tick saliva, revealing how ticks stealthily hide from their hosts while satisfying their gluttony and sharing their individual resources. This review takes a tick perspective on the composition and functions of tick saliva, covering water balance, gasket and holdfast, control of host responses, dynamics, individuality, mate guarding, saliva-assisted transmission, and redundancy. It highlights areas sometimes overlooked - feeding aggregation and sharing of sialomes, and the contribution of salivary gland storage granules - and questions whether the huge diversity of tick saliva molecules is 'redundant' or more a reflection on the enormous adaptability wonderous saliva confers on ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Nuttall
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UK and Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK.
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46
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B cells and antibody production in melanoma. Mamm Genome 2018; 29:790-805. [DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9778-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Pattanapanyasat K, Khowawisetsut L, Chuansumrit A, Chokephaibulkit K, Tangnararatchakit K, Apiwattanakul N, Techasaensiri C, Thitilertdecha P, Sae-Ung T, Onlamoon N. B cell subset alteration and the expression of tissue homing molecules in dengue infected patients. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:64. [PMID: 30149800 PMCID: PMC6112127 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0467-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background B cells play an essential role during dengue viral infection. While a major expansion of antibody secreting cells (ASCs) was observed, the importance of these increased frequencies of ASCs remains unclear. The alteration of B cell subsets may result from the expression of tissue specific homing molecules leading to their mobilization and distribution to different target organs during acute dengue viral infection. Methods In this study, whole blood samples were obtained from thirty pediatric dengue-infected patients and ten healthy children and then stained with fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies against CD3, CD14, CD19, CD20, CD21, CD27, CD38, CD45, CD138 and homing molecules of interest before analyzed by polychromatic flow cytometry. B cell subsets were characterized throughout acute infection period. Results Data shows that there were no detectable differences in frequencies of resting, activated and tissue memory cells, whereas the frequency of ASCs was significantly increased and associated with the lower frequency of naïve cells. These results were found from patients with both dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever, suggesting that such change or alteration of B cells was not associated with disease severity. Moreover, several homing molecules (e.g., CXCR3 and CCR2) were found in ASCs, indicating that ASCs may distribute to inflamed tissues and various organs. Conclusions Findings from this study provide insight into B cell subset distribution. Furthermore, organ mobilization according to homing molecule expression on different B cell subsets during the course of dengue viral infection also suggests they are distributed to inflamed tissues and various organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kovit Pattanapanyasat
- Biomedical Research Incubator Unit, Research Group and Research Network Division, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ladawan Khowawisetsut
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ampaiwan Chuansumrit
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanchana Tangnararatchakit
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nopporn Apiwattanakul
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chonnamet Techasaensiri
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Premrutai Thitilertdecha
- Biomedical Research Incubator Unit, Research Group and Research Network Division, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Research group in Immunobiology and Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Tipaporn Sae-Ung
- Master of Science program in Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattawat Onlamoon
- Biomedical Research Incubator Unit, Research Group and Research Network Division, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Research group in Immunobiology and Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
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Carlavan I, Bertino B, Rivier M, Martel P, Bourdes V, Motte M, Déret S, Reiniche P, Menigot C, Khammari A, Dreno B, Fogel P, Voegel JJ. Atrophic scar formation in patients with acne involves long-acting immune responses with plasma cells and alteration of sebaceous glands. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:906-917. [PMID: 29663317 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Possible outcomes of acne lesions are atrophic scars, which may cause serious psychological distress. Current treatments for postacne scarring often require invasive procedures. Pathophysiological studies on acne scarring have only investigated the first week of papule life. OBJECTIVES To study the pathophysiology of atrophic scar formation to identify molecular and cellular pathways that can lead to new therapies for the prevention of acne scarring. METHODS Large-scale gene expression profiling and immunohistochemistry analysis were performed on uninvolved skin and papules in both scar-prone (SP) and non-scar-prone (NSP) patients with acne, at different time points. RESULTS Gene expression and immunohistochemistry analyses showed a very similar immune response in 48-h-old papules in SP and NSP populations, characterized by elevated numbers of T cells, neutrophils and macrophages. However, the immune response only persisted in SP patients in 3-week-old papules, and was characterized by an important B-cell infiltrate. Transient downmodulation of sebaceous gland markers related to lipid metabolism was observed in 48-h-old papules in NSP patients, followed by normalization after 3 weeks. In contrast, in SP patients a drastic reduction of these markers persisted in 3-week-old papules, suggesting an irreversible destruction of sebaceous gland structures after inflammatory remodelling in SP patients with acne. CONCLUSIONS Long-lived acne papules are characterized by a B-cell infiltrate. A relationship exists between the duration and severity of inflammation and the alteration of sebaceous gland structures, leading to atrophic scar formation in acne.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - A Khammari
- Onco-dermatology Department, CHU Nantes, CIC1413, CRCINA, University Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - B Dreno
- Onco-dermatology Department, CHU Nantes, CIC1413, CRCINA, University Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - P Fogel
- 132 Rue d'Assas, 75006, Paris, France
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D'Addabbo P, Serone E, Esposito M, Vaccari G, Gargioli C, Frezza D, Bianchi L. Association between Psoriasis and haplotypes of the IgH 3' Regulatory Region 1. Gene 2018; 669:47-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Robbertse L, Richards SA, Clift SJ, Barnard AC, Leisewitz A, Crafford JE, Maritz-Olivier C. Comparison of the differential regulation of T and B-lymphocyte subsets in the skin and lymph nodes amongst three cattle breeds as potential mediators of immune-resistance to Rhipicephalus microplus. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 9:976-987. [PMID: 29622516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although varying natural resistance to ticks between highly resistant Brahman (Bos taurus indicus), resistant Bonsmara (5/8 B. t. indicus x 3/8 B. t. taurus) and susceptible Holstein-Friesian (B. t. taurus) breeds is documented in skin and blood, little information is available describing draining lymph nodes. To elucidate the cellular dynamics during Rhipicephalus microplus induced immune responses, this study analysed immune factors from these cattle breeds using histology, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Following the collection of skin and lymph node samples before artificial tick infestation, cattle were infested with R. microplus larvae. Subsequent sampling coincided with the tick larvae and adult developmental stages. A significant influx of CD20+ B-lymphocytes in the dermis all cattle breeds was observed while CD3+ T-lymphocytes were significantly increased for more tick resistant breeds. Eosinophil infiltration in germinal centres of lymph nodes was significant for all cattle breeds while tingible body macrophages were significantly increased for adult infested Brahman animals. A negligible fluctuation in CD20+ and CD79α+ B-lymphocyte numbers was present in the lymph node of more resistant cattle breeds, while susceptible animals showed a decrease in B-lymphocytes after infestation, followed by an increase between larvae to adult infested time points. Increased variability of γd T-lymphocyte populations in lymph nodes was correlated with tick susceptibility. In addition, a more stable T helper lymphocyte population was identified in the lymph nodes for the Brahman cattle breed. Results suggest the association of tick susceptibility with differential B-lymphocyte regulation in lymph node tissues, increased variability of WC1+ γδ T-lymphocyte populations in the lymph node as well as a decrease in T helper lymphocytes in the lymph node.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luïse Robbertse
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sabine Annette Richards
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sarah Jane Clift
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Annette-Christi Barnard
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Andrew Leisewitz
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jan Ernst Crafford
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Christine Maritz-Olivier
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
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