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Aaron L, Kaplan RM, Black SR. Parents' clinical depression and children's problem behaviors: A multi-level meta-analytic examination. J Affect Disord 2024; 367:886-902. [PMID: 39222852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous meta-analyses considering associations between parental depression (PD) and child symptoms have considered PD based primarily on self-report of depression symptoms. The present meta-analysis, in contrast, evaluated the effect of parents' clinically-diagnosed depressive disorders (PDD) on child internalizing and externalizing symptoms and considered both family- and study-level variables that influenced the strength of these effects. METHODS We examined 111 effect sizes nested in 40 studies including a clinical assessment of parents' major or persistent depressive disorder and measures of children's internalizing or externalizing behaviors published between 2000 and 2020. We used a multi-level meta-analytic framework to account for nesting of multiple effect sizes within studies. RESULTS PDD was associated with children's internalizing (weighted mean r = 0.211) and externalizing (weighted mean r = 0.204) behaviors. Family- and study-level variables moderated these relations, including the inclusion of fathers in the sample, the specific measure of internalizing behavior, reporting of diagnostic reliability, and informant for problem behaviors. LIMITATIONS Limitations include exclusive consideration of internalizing and externalizing symptoms (versus other symptom types or problems) and the limited number of father-only studies from which to base conclusions about the relative effect of maternal vs. paternal depression. CONCLUSIONS The similarity between the current findings and previous meta-analyses suggests that researchers studying the effects of PD may be able to bypass more exhaustive clinical interviews for less burdensome depression symptom inventories. Furthermore, our findings suggest that researchers and clinicians should consider how PD impacts not just child depressive symptoms, but myriad problem behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Aaron
- University of New Orleans, United States of America
| | - Rachel M Kaplan
- University of Southern Mississippi, United States of America
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Rappaport BI, Kujawa A, Arfer KB, Pegg S, Kelly D, Jackson JJ, Luby JL, Barch DM. Behavioral and psychiatric correlates of brain responses to social feedback. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14413. [PMID: 37612834 PMCID: PMC10841166 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Maladaptive responses to peer acceptance and rejection arise in numerous psychiatric disorders in adolescence; yet, homogeneity and heterogeneity across disorders suggest common and unique mechanisms of impaired social function. We tested the hypothesis that social feedback is processed similarly to other forms of feedback (e.g., monetary) by examining the correspondence between the brain's response to social acceptance and rejection and behavioral performance on a separate reward and loss task. We also examined the relationship between these brain responses and depression and social anxiety severity. The sample consisted of one hundred and thirteen 16-21-year olds who received virtual peer acceptance/rejection feedback in an event-related potential (ERP) task. We used temporospatial principal component analysis and identified a component consistent with the reward positivity (RewP) or feedback negativity (FN). RewP to social acceptance was not significantly related to reward bias or the FN to social rejection related to loss avoidance. The relationship between RewP and depression severity, while nonsignificant, was of a similar magnitude to prior studies. Exploratory analyses yielded a significant relationship between lower socioeconomic status (SES) and blunted RewP and between lower SES and heightened loss avoidance and blunted reward bias. These findings build on prior work to improve our understanding of the function of the brain's response to social feedback, while also suggesting a pathway for further study, whereby poverty leads to depression via social and reward learning mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Autumn Kujawa
- Department of Psychology & Human Development Vanderbilt University
| | | | - Samantha Pegg
- Department of Psychology & Human Development Vanderbilt University
| | - Danielle Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine Washington University in St. Louis
| | | | - Joan L. Luby
- Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Psychological & Brain Science Washington University in St. Louis
- Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine Washington University in St. Louis
- Department of Radiology School of Medicine Washington University in St. Louis
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Burkhouse KL, Dao A, Argiros A, Granros M, Cárdenas E, Dickey L, Feurer C, Hill K, Pegg S, Venanzi L, Kujawa A. Targeting positive valence systems function in children of mothers with depressive symptoms: A pilot randomized trial of an RDoC-Informed preventive intervention. Behav Res Ther 2023; 168:104384. [PMID: 37591042 PMCID: PMC10542884 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Reduced activation of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) positive valence systems (PVS) is observed in high-risk (HR) children of depressed mothers and predictive of future psychopathologies. We developed a dyadic, neuroscience-informed preventive intervention, Family Promoting Positive Emotions (FPPE), designed to prevent psychopathology in HR children by targeting PVS processes. We evaluated the initial efficacy of FPPE compared to written information (WI) psychoeducation in engaging PVS-related targets and reducing perceived stress and emotional distress symptoms in HR youth. Participants included 74 children ages 8-12 years and their biological mothers reporting elevated depressive symptoms. Following random assignment, 55 dyads completed FPPE (n = 29) or WI (n = 26) and pre-post assessments of child clinical symptoms. Youth completed a reinforcement learning task and 10 days of positive affect ratings to assess PVS-related targets. Results revealed a small within-subjects increase in child daily positive affect in FPPE, but not WI. Further, FPPE resulted in reductions in mother-reported child perceived stress and symptoms of anger, anxiety, and depression with medium-to-large within-subjects effects. Intervention effects on reinforcement learning and child-rated clinical symptoms were not observed. This study suggests FPPE shows promise in enhancing positive affect and reducing the emergence of clinical symptoms in HR children. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT05223842.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Burkhouse
- The Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, USA; The Ohio State University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, USA
| | - Anh Dao
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology and Human Development, USA
| | - Alexandra Argiros
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology and Human Development, USA
| | - Maria Granros
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, USA
| | - Emilia Cárdenas
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology and Human Development, USA
| | - Lindsay Dickey
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology and Human Development, USA
| | - Cope Feurer
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, USA
| | - Kaylin Hill
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology and Human Development, USA
| | - Samantha Pegg
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology and Human Development, USA
| | - Lisa Venanzi
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology and Human Development, USA
| | - Autumn Kujawa
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology and Human Development, USA.
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Giles MA, Cooper CM, Jha MK, Chin Fatt CR, Pizzagalli DA, Mayes TL, Webb CA, Greer TL, Etkin A, Trombello JM, Chase HW, Phillips ML, McInnis MG, Carmody T, Adams P, Parsey RV, McGrath PJ, Weissman M, Kurian BT, Fava M, Trivedi MH. Reward Behavior Disengagement, a Neuroeconomic Model-Based Objective Measure of Reward Pathology in Depression: Findings from the EMBARC Trial. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:619. [PMID: 37622759 PMCID: PMC10451479 DOI: 10.3390/bs13080619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The probabilistic reward task (PRT) has identified reward learning impairments in those with major depressive disorder (MDD), as well as anhedonia-specific reward learning impairments. However, attempts to validate the anhedonia-specific impairments have produced inconsistent findings. Thus, we seek to determine whether the Reward Behavior Disengagement (RBD), our proposed economic augmentation of PRT, differs between MDD participants and controls, and whether there is a level at which RBD is high enough for depressed participants to be considered objectively disengaged. Data were gathered as part of the Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response in Clinical Care (EMBARC) study, a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of antidepressant response. Participants included 195 individuals with moderate to severe MDD (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS-SR) score ≥ 15), not in treatment for depression, and with complete PRT data. Healthy controls (n = 40) had no history of psychiatric illness, a QIDS-SR score < 8, and complete PRT data. Participants with MDD were treated with sertraline or placebo for 8 weeks (stage I of the EMBARC trial). RBD was applied to PRT data using discriminant analysis, and classified MDD participants as reward task engaged (n = 137) or reward task disengaged (n = 58), relative to controls. Reward task engaged/disengaged groups were compared on sociodemographic features, reward-behavior, and sertraline/placebo response (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores). Reward task disengaged MDD participants responded only to sertraline, whereas those who were reward task engaged responded to sertraline and placebo (F(1293) = 4.33, p = 0.038). Reward task engaged/disengaged groups did not differ otherwise. RBD was predictive of reward impairment in depressed patients and may have clinical utility in identifying patients who will benefit from antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Giles
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Crystal M. Cooper
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (T.L.G.)
- Jane and John Justin Neurosciences Center, Cook Children’s Health Care System, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA
| | - Manish K. Jha
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (T.L.G.)
| | - Cherise R. Chin Fatt
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (T.L.G.)
| | - Diego A. Pizzagalli
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Taryn L. Mayes
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (T.L.G.)
| | - Christian A. Webb
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Tracy L. Greer
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (T.L.G.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Amit Etkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph M. Trombello
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (T.L.G.)
| | - Henry W. Chase
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Mary L. Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Melvin G. McInnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Thomas Carmody
- Peter O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Phillip Adams
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ramin V. Parsey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | | | - Myrna Weissman
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Benji T. Kurian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Maurizio Fava
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Madhukar H. Trivedi
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (T.L.G.)
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Webb CA, Murray L, Tierney AO, Forbes EE, Pizzagalli DA. Reward-related predictors of symptom change in behavioral activation therapy for anhedonic adolescents: a multimodal approach. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:623-632. [PMID: 36307561 PMCID: PMC9938220 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01481-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Anhedonia is a cardinal characteristic of depression which predicts worse treatment outcome and is among the most common residual symptoms following treatment. Behavioral Activation (BA) has been shown to be an effective treatment for depressed adults, and more recently, depressed adolescents. Given its emphasis on systematically and gradually increasing exposure to and engagement with rewarding activities and experiences, BA may be a particularly effective intervention for adolescents experiencing anhedonia and associated reward system dysfunction. In the present study, anhedonic adolescents (AA; n = 39) received 12 weekly sessions of BA and completed a multimodal (i.e., neural, behavioral, and self-report [ecological momentary assessment]) assessment of reward function at pre-treatment and post-treatment (as well as weekly self-report assessments of anhedonia). Typically developing adolescents (TDA; n = 41) completed the same measures at corresponding timepoints. Multilevel models tested pre-treatment reward-related predictors of anhedonia improvement, as well as change in reward measures over the course of BA. Analyses revealed significant reductions in anhedonia following BA treatment. Enhanced pre-treatment neural (striatal) reward responsiveness predicted greater anhedonia improvement. In contrast, baseline self-report and behavioral reward measures did not predict treatment outcome. A group x time interaction revealed greater increases in both reward- and loss-related neural responsiveness among AA relative to TDA adolescents. Consistent with a capitalization (rather than compensatory) model, pre-treatment neural - but not self-report or behavioral - measures of relatively enhanced reward responsiveness predicted better BA outcome. In addition to alleviating anhedonia, successful BA may also increase neural sensitivity to affectively salient (e.g., reward- and loss-related) stimuli among anhedonic youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Webb
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
| | - Laura Murray
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | | | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
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Brown VM, Zhu L, Solway A, Wang JM, McCurry KL, King-Casas B, Chiu PH. Reinforcement Learning Disruptions in Individuals With Depression and Sensitivity to Symptom Change Following Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. JAMA Psychiatry 2021; 78:1113-1122. [PMID: 34319349 PMCID: PMC8319827 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.1844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Major depressive disorder is prevalent and impairing. Parsing neurocomputational substrates of reinforcement learning in individuals with depression may facilitate a mechanistic understanding of the disorder and suggest new cognitive therapeutic targets. OBJECTIVE To determine associations among computational model-derived reinforcement learning parameters, depression symptoms, and symptom changes after treatment. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this mixed cross-sectional-cohort study, individuals performed reward and loss variants of a probabilistic learning task during functional magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and follow-up. A volunteer sample with and without a depression diagnosis was recruited from the community. Participants were assessed from July 2011 to February 2017, and data were analyzed from May 2017 to May 2021. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Computational model-based analyses of participants' choices assessed a priori hypotheses about associations between components of reward-based and loss-based learning with depression symptoms. Changes in both learning parameters and symptoms were then assessed in a subset of participants who received cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). RESULTS Of 101 included adults, 69 (68.3%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 34.4 (11.2) years. A total of 69 participants with a depression diagnosis and 32 participants without a depression diagnosis were included at baseline; 48 participants (28 with depression who received CBT and 20 without depression) were included at follow-up (mean [SD] of 115.1 [15.6] days). Computational model-based analyses of behavioral choices and neural data identified associations of learning with symptoms during reward learning and loss learning, respectively. During reward learning only, anhedonia (and not negative affect or arousal) was associated with model-derived learning parameters (learning rate: posterior mean regression β = -0.14; 95% credible interval [CrI], -0.12 to -0.03; outcome sensitivity: posterior mean regression β = 0.18; 95% CrI, 0.02 to 0.37) and neural learning signals (moderation of association between striatal prediction error and expected value signals: t97 = -2.10; P = .04). During loss learning only, negative affect (and not anhedonia or arousal) was associated with learning parameters (outcome shift: posterior mean regression β = -0.11; 95% CrI, -0.20 to -0.01) and disrupted neural encoding of learning signals (association with subgenual anterior cingulate prediction error signals: r = -0.28; P = .005). Symptom improvement following CBT was associated with normalization of learning parameters that were disrupted at baseline (reward learning rate: posterior mean regression β = 0.15; 90% CrI, 0.001 to 0.41; loss outcome shift: posterior mean regression β = 0.42; 90% CrI, 0.09 to 0.77). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, the mapping of reinforcement learning components to symptoms of major depression revealed mechanistic features associated with these symptoms and points to possible learning-based therapeutic processes and targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M. Brown
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg,Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lusha Zhu
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke,School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Alec Solway
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke
| | - John M. Wang
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg,Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke
| | - Katherine L. McCurry
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg,Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke
| | - Brooks King-Casas
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg,Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke,Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Blacksburg
| | - Pearl H. Chiu
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg,Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke
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Reward Functioning Abnormalities in Adolescents at High Familial Risk for Depressive Disorders. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 6:270-279. [PMID: 33160881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A parental history of major depressive disorder (MDD) is an established risk factor for MDD in youth, and clarifying the mechanisms related to familial risk transmission is critical. Aberrant reward processing is a promising biomarker of MDD risk; accordingly, the aim of this study was to test behavioral measures of reward responsiveness and underlying frontostriatal resting activity in healthy adolescents both with (high-risk) and without (low-risk) a maternal history of MDD. METHODS Low-risk and high-risk 12- to 14-year-old adolescents completed a probabilistic reward task (n = 74 low-risk, n = 27 high-risk) and a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan (n = 61 low-risk, n = 25 high-risk). Group differences in response bias toward reward and resting ventral striatal and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFFs) were examined. Computational modeling was applied to dissociate reward sensitivity from learning rate. RESULTS High-risk adolescents showed a blunted response bias compared with low-risk adolescents. Computational modeling analyses revealed that relative to low-risk adolescents, high-risk adolescents exhibited reduced reward sensitivity but similar learning rate. Although there were no group differences in ventral striatal and mPFC fALFFs, groups differed in their relationships between mPFC fALFFs and response bias. Specifically, among high-risk adolescents, higher mPFC fALFFs correlated with a blunted response bias, whereas there was no fALFFs-response bias relationship among low-risk youths. CONCLUSIONS High-risk adolescents exhibit reward functioning impairments, which are associated with mPFC fALFFs. The blunted response bias-mPFC fALFFs association may reflect an excessive mPFC-mediated suppression of reward-driven behavior, which may potentiate MDD risk.
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Clarkson T, Kang E, Capriola-Hall N, Lerner MD, Jarcho J, Prinstein MJ. Meta-Analysis of the RDoC Social Processing Domain across Units of Analysis in Children and Adolescents. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 49:297-321. [PMID: 31799882 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2019.1678167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis advances a framework to understand correspondence among units of analysis of the social processing construct within Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). METHOD As requested for this special issue, eligible studies cited an RDoC-initiative paper or mentioned RDoC in the abstract, title, or keywords were empirical and peer reviewed, and described a correlation or regression analysis (r, β, or odds ratio) between two different units of analysis in the social processing domain in youth. We examined the frequency (descriptive statistics) and magnitude of correspondence between unit-pairs (random effects models), and predefined moderators (meta-regression). RESULTS Eight of the twenty-eight possible unit-by-unit pairs were identified, with subjective-by-behavior units being the most common. Of those, only subjective-by-circuit had significant correspondence between units. Moderator analysis revealed that the age and diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder moderated correspondence between subjective-by-circuit units of analysis, and that a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder moderated correspondence between subjective-by-gene units of analysis. Younger ages and inclusion of either diagnostic group reduced correspondence. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the RDoC initiative has generated limited research within the social processing domain across units of analysis in youth to date. Moreover, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)-funded studies do not appear to be biased toward supporting the RDoC framework. However, the limited number of included studies precludes the generalizability of these findings and underscores the need for further research. Despite this, results suggest that the NIMH model for providing standard batteries of measurement tools may effectively reduce spurious correlations between subjective-by-behavior units of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin Kang
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University
| | | | | | | | - Mitchell J Prinstein
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Gomez J, Haas NA, Schwarz JM. An IL-6 receptor antagonist attenuates postpartum anhedonia, but has no effect on anhedonia precipitated by subchronic stress in female rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2983-2995. [PMID: 30830260 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Nearly 60-80% of women experience some form of sadness, anxiety, or anhedonia in the weeks following the birth of a child (Patel et al. 23(2):534-42, 2012; Degner 10: 359;j4692, 2017); however, the exact mechanisms that precipitate these changes in mood postpartum are still unknown. It is well-known that the function of the peripheral immune system is significantly altered during pregnancy in order to protect the developing fetus from being rejected by the maternal immune system (Fallon et al. 17(1):7-17, 2002), and we have recently found a dramatic change in the central immune system during and just after pregnancy in female rats (Sherer et al. 66:201-209, 2017). We observed anhedonia in Sprague-Dawley rat dams on the day of birth that is associated with an increase in interleukin (IL)-6 expression in the brain on the day of birth (Posillico and Schwarz 298(Pt B):218-28, 2016). OBJECTIVES The goal of the current experiments was to determine whether inhibiting the IL-6 receptor could prevent onset of this postpartum anhedonia, or anhedonia precipitated by subchronic stress in non-pregnant females. RESULTS Treatment with an IL-6 receptor antibody attenuated postpartum anhedonia as characterized by a decrease in sucrose preference. In contrast, this antibody had no effect on the decrease in sucrose preference induced following a week of forced swim stress in non-pregnant female rats. CONCLUSIONS The results of these studies suggest that the molecular mechanisms that underlie the onset of anhedonia following birth or mild stress in female rats may be distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Gomez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
| | - Nicole A Haas
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Schwarz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
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Cohen JR, McNeil SL, Shorey RC, Temple JR. Maltreatment subtypes, depressed mood, and anhedonia: A longitudinal study with adolescents. PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA-THEORY RESEARCH PRACTICE AND POLICY 2018; 11:704-712. [PMID: 30589315 DOI: 10.1037/tra0000418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maltreatment exposure is a robust predictor of adolescent depression. Yet despite this well-documented association, few studies have simultaneously examined how maltreatment subtypes relate to qualitatively distinct depressive symptoms. The present multiwave longitudinal study addressed this gap in the literature by examining how different maltreatment subtypes independently impact depressed mood and anhedonia over time in a diverse adolescent sample. METHOD Adolescents (N = 673, Mage = 14.83, SDage = 0.66, 57.1% female, 32.8% Hispanic, 30.4% Caucasian, 25.0% African American) completed self-report inventories for child-maltreatment and annual self-report measures of depressed mood and anhedonia over the course of 6 years. We used latent-growth-curve modeling to test how maltreatment exposure predicted anhedonia and depressed mood, and whether these relations differed as a function of sex and/or race/ethnicity. RESULTS Overall, both emotional abuse (p < .001) and neglect (p = .002) predicted levels of depressed mood over time, whereas only emotional neglect predicted levels (p < .001) and trajectories (p = .001) of anhedonia. Physical and sexual abuse did not predict depressive symptoms after accounting for emotional abuse and neglect (ns). These findings were largely invariant across sex and race. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that the consequences of emotional neglect may be especially problematic in adolescence because of its impact on both depressed mood and anhedonia, and that emotional abuse's association with depression is best explained via symptoms of depressed mood. These findings are congruent with recent findings that more "silent types" of maltreatment uniquely predict depression, and that abuse and neglect experiences confer distinct profiles of risk for psychological distress. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Keren H, Chen G, Benson B, Ernst M, Leibenluft E, Fox NA, Pine DS, Stringaris A. Is the encoding of Reward Prediction Error reliable during development? Neuroimage 2018; 178:266-276. [PMID: 29777827 PMCID: PMC7518449 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reward Prediction Errors (RPEs), defined as the difference between the expected and received outcomes, are integral to reinforcement learning models and play an important role in development and psychopathology. In humans, RPE encoding can be estimated using fMRI recordings, however, a basic measurement property of RPE signals, their test-retest reliability across different time scales, remains an open question. In this paper, we examine the 3-month and 3-year reliability of RPE encoding in youth (mean age at baseline = 10.6 ± 0.3 years), a period of developmental transitions in reward processing. We show that RPE encoding is differentially distributed between the positive values being encoded predominantly in the striatum and negative RPEs primarily encoded in the insula. The encoding of negative RPE values is highly reliable in the right insula, across both the long and the short time intervals. Insula reliability for RPE encoding is the most robust finding, while other regions, such as the striatum, are less consistent. Striatal reliability appeared significant as well once covarying for factors, which were possibly confounding the signal to noise ratio. By contrast, task activation during feedback in the striatum is highly reliable across both time intervals. These results demonstrate the valence-dependent differential encoding of RPE signals between the insula and striatum, and the consistency of RPE signals or lack thereof, during childhood and into adolescence. Characterizing the regions where the RPE signal in BOLD fMRI is a reliable marker is key for estimating reward-processing alterations in longitudinal designs, such as developmental or treatment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Keren
- Mood Brain and Development Unit, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 9000, Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Gang Chen
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 9000, Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brenda Benson
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 9000, Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Monique Ernst
- Section on the Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 9000, Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ellen Leibenluft
- Section on Mood Dysregulation and Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 9000, Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nathan A Fox
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, 9000, Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel S Pine
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 9000, Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Argyris Stringaris
- Mood Brain and Development Unit, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 9000, Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA
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12
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Luking KR, Nelson BD, Infantolino ZP, Sauder CL, Hajcak G. Ventral Striatal Function Interacts With Positive and Negative Life Events to Predict Concurrent Youth Depressive Symptoms. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2018; 3:937-946. [PMID: 30409389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Life events and reward-system functioning contribute to resilience and risk for depression. However, interactions between life events and neural responses to reward and loss have not been previously investigated in relation to depression symptoms in child and adolescent populations. METHODS An unselected sample (N = 130) of 8- to 14-year-old girls (mean = 12.6 years) completed the Child Depression Inventory and a functional magnetic resonance imaging guessing task in which they won or lost money on each trial. Parents completed a measure of life events experienced by the child. Life events were separated by positive versus negative and whether they were likely related or unrelated to the daughter's behavior (i.e., dependent vs. independent, respectively). Multiple regressions tested whether the interaction between ventral striatal (VS) response to wins or losses and recent life events were associated with child-reported depressive symptoms. RESULTS A greater number of dependent positive life events related to decreased total depression symptoms when VS response to wins was robust. Conversely, a greater number of independent negative life events related to increased negative mood depression symptoms when VS response to losses was robust; this relationship was in the opposite direction when VS response to loss was low. CONCLUSIONS VS response to reward and loss were independent moderators of the relationship between recent life events (positive and negative, respectively) and depressive symptoms. Findings suggest that targeting neural responses (i.e., increasing responses to winning or decreasing responses to losing) may be important for both improving resilience and reducing risk in different environmental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Luking
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York.
| | - Brady D Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | | | - Colin L Sauder
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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13
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Culbreth AJ, Moran EK, Barch DM. Effort-cost decision-making in psychosis and depression: could a similar behavioral deficit arise from disparate psychological and neural mechanisms? Psychol Med 2018; 48:889-904. [PMID: 28889803 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717002525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Motivational impairment is a common feature of both depression and psychosis; however, the psychological and neural mechanisms that give rise to motivational impairment in these disorders are poorly understood. Recent research has suggested that aberrant effort-cost decision-making (ECDM) may be a potential contributor to motivational impairment in both psychosis and depression. ECDM refers to choices that individuals make regarding the amount of 'work' they are willing to expend to obtain a certain outcome or reward. Recent experimental work has suggested that those with psychosis and depression may be less willing to expend effort to obtain rewards compared with controls, and that this effort deficit is related to motivational impairment in both disorders. In the current review, we aim to summarize the current literature on ECDM in psychosis and depression, providing evidence for transdiagnostic impairment. Next, we discuss evidence for the hypothesis that a seemingly similar behavioral ECDM deficit might arise from disparate psychological and neural mechanisms. Specifically, we argue that effort deficits in psychosis might be largely driven by deficits in cognitive control and the neural correlates of cognitive control processes, while effort deficits in depression might be largely driven by reduced reward responsivity and the associated neural correlates of reward responsivity. Finally, we will provide some discussion regarding future directions, as well as interpretative challenges to consider when examining ECDM transdiagnostically.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Culbreth
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences,Washington University in Saint Louis,St. Louis, MO,USA
| | - E K Moran
- Department of Psychiatry,Washington University in Saint Louis,St. Louis, MO,USA
| | - D M Barch
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences,Washington University in Saint Louis,St. Louis, MO,USA
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14
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Jin J, Narayanan A, Perlman G, Luking K, DeLorenzo C, Hajcak G, Klein DN, Kotov R, Mohanty A. Orbitofrontal cortex activity and connectivity predict future depression symptoms in adolescence. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2017; 2:610-618. [PMID: 29226267 PMCID: PMC5720380 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder is a leading cause of disability worldwide; however, little is known about pathological mechanisms involved in its development. Research in adolescent depression has focused on reward sensitivity and striatal mechanisms implementing it. The contribution of loss sensitivity to future depression, as well as the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) mechanisms critical for processing losses and rewards, remain unexplored. Furthermore, it is unclear whether OFC functioning interacts with familial history in predicting future depression. METHODS In this longitudinal study we recorded functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data while 229 adolescent females with or without parental history of depression completed a monetary gambling task. We examined if OFC blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response and functional connectivity during loss and win feedback was associated with depression symptoms concurrently and prospectively (9 months later), and whether this relationship was moderated by parental history of depression. RESULTS Reduced OFC response during loss was associated with higher depression symptoms concurrently and prospectively, even after controlling for concurrent depression, specifically in adolescents with parental history of depression. Similarly, increased OFC-posterior insula connectivity during loss was associated with future depression symptoms but this relationship was not moderated by parental history of depression. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first evidence for loss-related alterations in OFC functioning and its interaction with familial history of depression as possible mechanisms in the development of depression. While the current fMRI literature has mainly focused on reward, the present findings underscore the need to include prefrontal loss processing in existing developmental models of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Jin
- Stony Brook University, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Ananth Narayanan
- Stony Brook University, Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Greg Perlman
- Stony Brook University, Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Katherine Luking
- Stony Brook University, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | | | - Greg Hajcak
- Stony Brook University, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Daniel N Klein
- Stony Brook University, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook, NY 11794
- Stony Brook University, Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Roman Kotov
- Stony Brook University, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook, NY 11794
- Stony Brook University, Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Aprajita Mohanty
- Stony Brook University, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook, NY 11794
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15
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Individual differences in hedonic capacity, depressed mood, and affective states predict emotional reactivity. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2017; 41:419-429. [PMID: 32461705 DOI: 10.1007/s11031-017-9610-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Identifying factors that contribute to inter-individual differences in emotional reactivity is central to understanding the basic mechanisms that give rise to adaptive emotion reactivity and to disruptions that may occur in psychopathology. The current study related emotional reactivity in an unselected young adult sample (N = 101) to individual difference factors relevant to emotional functioning and mood pathology, specifically anhedonia, depressed mood, and current affective state. To assess emotional reactivity, participants rated their emotional responses to 100 pictures from the International Affective Picture System. Increased self-reported anhedonia (i.e. reduced hedonic capacity) predicted blunted emotional reactivity to both positive and negative images, relative to neutral images, while elevated depressed mood predicted potentiated emotional reactivity to negative vs. neutral images. Anhedonia also accounted for far greater variance in emotional reactivity than depressed mood. Further, more positive affective state predicted potentiated reactivity to positive versus neutral images while more negative affective state predicted potentiated reactivity to negative versus neutral images beyond effects of anhedonia and depressed mood. The current study identified separable effects of anhedonia, depressed mood, and current affect on emotional reactivity.
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16
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Corral-Frías NS, Pizzagalli DA, Carré JM, Michalski LJ, Nikolova YS, Perlis RH, Fagerness J, Lee MR, Conley ED, Lancaster TM, Haddad S, Wolf A, Smoller JW, Hariri AR, Bogdan R. COMT Val(158) Met genotype is associated with reward learning: a replication study and meta-analysis. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 15:503-13. [PMID: 27138112 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Identifying mechanisms through which individual differences in reward learning emerge offers an opportunity to understand both a fundamental form of adaptive responding as well as etiological pathways through which aberrant reward learning may contribute to maladaptive behaviors and psychopathology. One candidate mechanism through which individual differences in reward learning may emerge is variability in dopaminergic reinforcement signaling. A common functional polymorphism within the catechol-O-methyl transferase gene (COMT; rs4680, Val(158) Met) has been linked to reward learning, where homozygosity for the Met allele (linked to heightened prefrontal dopamine function and decreased dopamine synthesis in the midbrain) has been associated with relatively increased reward learning. Here, we used a probabilistic reward learning task to asses response bias, a behavioral form of reward learning, across three separate samples that were combined for analyses (age: 21.80 ± 3.95; n = 392; 268 female; European-American: n = 208). We replicate prior reports that COMT rs4680 Met allele homozygosity is associated with increased reward learning in European-American participants (β = 0.20, t = 2.75, P < 0.01; ΔR(2) = 0.04). Moreover, a meta-analysis of 4 studies, including the current one, confirmed the association between COMT rs4680 genotype and reward learning (95% CI -0.11 to -0.03; z = 3.2; P < 0.01). These results suggest that variability in dopamine signaling associated with COMT rs4680 influences individual differences in reward which may potentially contribute to psychopathology characterized by reward dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Corral-Frías
- Psychiatry Department, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,BRAIN Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - D A Pizzagalli
- Center For Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research and Neuroimaging Center, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - J M Carré
- Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - L J Michalski
- BRAIN Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Y S Nikolova
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R H Perlis
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Fagerness
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M R Lee
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - T M Lancaster
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - S Haddad
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J W Smoller
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A R Hariri
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - R Bogdan
- BRAIN Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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17
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Wu H, Mata J, Furman DJ, Whitmer AJ, Gotlib IH, Thompson RJ. Anticipatory and consummatory pleasure and displeasure in major depressive disorder: An experience sampling study. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 126:149-159. [PMID: 27936838 PMCID: PMC5305427 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Pleasure and displeasure can be parsed into anticipatory and consummatory phases. However, research on pleasure and displeasure in major depressive disorder (MDD), a disorder characterized by anhedonia, has largely focused on deficits in the consummatory phase. Moreover, most studies in this area have been laboratory-based, raising the question of how component processes of pleasure and displeasure are experienced in the daily lives of depressed individuals. Using experience sampling, we compared anticipatory and consummatory pleasure and displeasure for daily activities reported by adults with MDD (n = 41) and healthy controls (n = 39). Participants carried electronic devices for one week and were randomly prompted eight times a day to answer questions about activities to which they most and least looked forward. Compared to healthy controls, MDD participants reported blunted levels of both anticipatory and consummatory pleasure and elevated levels of both anticipatory and consummatory displeasure for daily activities. Independent of MDD status, participants accurately predicted pleasure but overestimated displeasure. These results are the first to provide evidence that, across both anticipatory and consummatory phases, individuals with MDD experience blunted pleasure and elevated displeasure for daily activities. Our findings clarify the disturbances in pleasure and displeasure that characterize MDD and may inform treatment for this debilitating disorder. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jutta Mata
- Stanford University
- University of Mannheim
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18
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Belden AC, Irvin K, Hajcak G, Kappenman ES, Kelly D, Karlow S, Luby JL, Barch DM. Neural Correlates of Reward Processing in Depressed and Healthy Preschool-Age Children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016; 55:1081-1089. [PMID: 27871643 PMCID: PMC5131532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.09.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adults and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) show a blunted neural response to rewards. Depression has been validated in children as young as age 3; however, it remains unclear whether blunted response to reward is also a core feature of preschool-onset depression. If so, this would provide further validation for the continuity of the neural correlates of depression across the life span and would identify a potential target for treatment in young children. METHOD Fifty-three 4- to 7-year-old children with depression and 25 psychiatrically healthy 4- to 7-year-old children completed a simple guessing task in which points could be won or lost on each trial while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. Psychiatric diagnosis was established using a preschool version of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Depression. RESULTS Young children with depression showed a reduced differentiation between response to gains and losses, and this finding was driven by a blunted response to reward (i.e., the reward positivity [RewP]). These findings held even when controlling for co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder. The RewP did not vary as a function of depression severity within the group with depression. CONCLUSION Similar to adults and adolescents with depression, preschoolers with depression display reductions in responsivity to rewards as indexed by the RewP. These findings provide further evidence for continuity in the neural mechanisms associated with depression across the lifespan, and point to altered reward sensitivity as an early-emerging potential target for intervention in preschool-onset depression. Clinical trial registration information-A Randomized Controlled Trial of PCIT-ED for Preschool Depression; http://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT02076425.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelsey Irvin
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | | | | | | | | | - Joan L Luby
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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19
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Luking KR, Pagliaccio D, Luby JL, Barch DM. Depression Risk Predicts Blunted Neural Responses to Gains and Enhanced Responses to Losses in Healthy Children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016; 55:328-37. [PMID: 27015724 PMCID: PMC4808567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal major depressive disorder (MDD) increases risk for MDD and predicts reduced reward responding in adolescent offspring. However, it is unclear whether alterations in neural response to reward can be detected in school-aged children at high risk before the typical increase in reward response observed in adolescence. METHOD To assess relationships between neural response to gain/loss feedback, MDD risk, and child depressive symptoms, 47 psychiatrically healthy 7- to 10-year-old children (16 at high risk given maternal MDD) completed questionnaires and a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) card-guessing game in which candy was gained and lost. RESULTS High-risk children showed both blunted response to gain and greater deactivation/reduced activation to loss within the ventral striatum and anterior insula. Within the striatum, risk-group differences in response to loss feedback were significantly larger than for gain, with greater deactivation to loss predicting risk-group status above and beyond blunted gain activation. Anhedonia was related to reduced deactivation to loss (i.e., reduced sensitivity to loss), whereas negative mood was related to enhanced deactivation to loss (i.e., enhanced sensitivity to loss) in the ventral striatum. CONCLUSION High-risk children showed blunted ventral striatal activation to gain feedback, but ventral striatal deactivation to loss was a stronger predictor of MDD risk. Furthermore, relationships between response to loss and elevated depressive symptoms within the ventral striatum and cingulate differed depending on the type of depressive symptom. Together these results highlight the potentially important role of response to loss of reward in childhood risk for depression.
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20
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Liu WH, Roiser JP, Wang LZ, Zhu YH, Huang J, Neumann DL, Shum DHK, Cheung EF, Chan RCK. Anhedonia is associated with blunted reward sensitivity in first-degree relatives of patients with major depression. J Affect Disord 2016; 190:640-648. [PMID: 26590511 PMCID: PMC5330646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anhedonia is a cardinal feature of major depression and is hypothesized to be driven by low motivation, in particular blunted reward sensitivity. It has been suggested to be a marker that represents a genetic predisposition to this disorder. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this heightened risk in unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with major depression. We previously demonstrated abnormal reward biases in acutely depressed patients. The present study aimed to examine the development of reward bias in first-degree relatives of patients with major depression. METHODS Forty-seven first-degree relatives of patients with major depression (26 females, age 18-52) and 60 healthy controls with no family history of depression (34 females, age 21-48) were recruited. A probabilistically rewarded difficult visual discrimination task, in which participants were instructed about the contingencies, was used to assess blunted reward sensitivity. A response bias towards the more frequently rewarded stimulus (termed "reward bias") was the primary outcome variable in this study. Participants also completed self-reported measures of anhedonia and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Compared with the control group, relatives of patients with major depression with sub-clinical depressive symptoms displayed a blunted reward bias. Relatives without symptoms displayed largely intact motivational processing on both self-report and experimental measures. The degree of anhedonia was associated with attenuated reward bias in first-degree relatives of patients with major depression, especially in those with sub-clinical symptoms. LIMITATIONS The study did not include a depressed patient group, which restricted our ability to interpret the observed group differences. CONCLUSIONS Blunted reward sensitivity may be largely manifested in a subgroup of relatives with high levels of depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-hua Liu
- Faculty of Health Management, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Guangzhou Psychiatric Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Ling-zhi Wang
- Guangzhou Psychiatric Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-hua Zhu
- Guangzhou Psychiatric Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - David L. Neumann
- Behavioural Basis Health Research Program, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Australia
| | - David H. K. Shum
- Behavioural Basis Health Research Program, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Australia
| | - Eric F.C. Cheung
- Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Raymond C. K. Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,All correspondence should be addressed to: Raymond Chan, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Beijing, China; Tel/Fax: +86(0)10 64836274;
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21
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Luking KR, Pagliaccio D, Luby JL, Barch DM. Do losses loom larger for children than adults? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 16:338-48. [PMID: 26524484 DOI: 10.1037/emo0000122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The large impact of loss of reward on behavior has been well documented in adult populations. However, whether responsiveness to loss relative to gain is similarly elevated in child versus adult populations remains unclear. It is also unclear whether relations between incentive behaviors and self-reported reward/punishment sensitivity are similar within different developmental stages. To investigate these questions, 7- to 10-year-old children (N = 70) and young adults (N = 70) completed the Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System (BIS/BAS) scale, along with 2 probabilistic incentive tasks assessing gain approach and loss avoidance behavior. BIS/BAS subscales were calculated per Pagliaccio et al. (2015), which established an age invariant model of the BIS/BAS. Bias toward responses more frequently followed by gain feedback and away from responses more frequently followed by loss feedback, approach, and avoidance behavior, respectively, were quantified via signal detection statistics. Gain approach behavior did not differ across age groups; however, children exhibited significantly elevated loss avoidance relative to adults. Children also showed greater reductions in accuracy and slower RTs specifically following loss feedback relative to adults. Interestingly, despite age group differences in loss avoidance behavior, relations between self-report measures and approach/avoidance behaviors were similar across age groups. Participants reporting elevated motivation (BAS Drive) showed both elevated gain approach and elevated loss avoidance, with both types of behavior predicting unique variance in BAS Drive. Results highlight the often-neglected developmental and motivational roles of responsiveness to loss of reward.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Pagliaccio
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health
| | - Joan L Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis
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