1
|
Nopsopon T, Chen Y, Chen Q, Wheelock CE, Weiss ST, McGeachie M, Lasky-Su J, Akenroye A. Untargeted metabolomic analysis reveals different metabolites associated with response to mepolizumab and omalizumab in asthma. ERJ Open Res 2024; 10:00931-2023. [PMID: 39104961 PMCID: PMC11298997 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00931-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is limited evidence on biomarkers associated with response to the monoclonal antibodies currently approved for asthma treatment. We sought to identify circulatory metabolites associated with response to treatment with mepolizumab or omalizumab. Methods We conducted global metabolomic profiling of pre-treatment plasma samples from 100 patients with moderate-to-severe asthma who initiated mepolizumab (n=31) or omalizumab (n=69). The primary outcome was the change in exacerbations within 12 months of therapy. Negative binomial models were used to assess the association between each metabolite and exacerbations, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, baseline exacerbations and inhaled corticosteroid use. Chemical similarity enrichment analysis (ChemRICH) was conducted to identify chemical subclasses associated with treatment response. Results The mean age of the mepolizumab group was 58.7 years with on average 2.9 exacerbations over the year prior to initiation of biologic therapy. The mean age in the omalizumab group was 48.8 years with 1.5 exacerbations in the preceding year. Patients with higher levels of two tocopherol metabolites were associated with more exacerbations on mepolizumab (δ-carboxyethyl hydroxychroman (CEHC) (p=2.65E-05, false discovery rate (FDR=0.01) and δ-CEHC glucuronide (p=2.47E-06, FDR=0.003)). Higher levels of six androgenic steroids, three carnitine metabolites and two bile acid metabolites were associated with decreased exacerbations in the omalizumab group. In enrichment analyses, xanthine metabolites (cluster FDR=0.0006) and tocopherol metabolites (cluster FDR=0.02) were associated with worse mepolizumab response, while androgenic steroids (cluster FDR=1.9E-18), pregnenolone steroids (cluster p=3.2E-07, FDR=1.4E-05) and secondary bile acid metabolites (cluster p=0.0003, FDR=0.006) were the top subclasses associated with better omalizumab response. Conclusion This study identifies distinct metabolites associated with response to mepolizumab and omalizumab, with androgenic steroids associated with response to both mepolizumab and omalizumab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanawin Nopsopon
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yulu Chen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qingwen Chen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Craig E. Wheelock
- Unit of Integrative Metabolomics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Scott. T. Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael McGeachie
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Ayobami Akenroye
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guo L, Zaharie SD, Marceline van Furth A, van der Wel NN, Grootemaat AE, Zhang L, Bugiani M, Kruger M, van der Kuip M, Lutter R. Marked IDO2 expression and activity related to autophagy and apoptosis in brain tissue of fatal tuberculous meningitis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2024; 146:102495. [PMID: 38460493 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2024.102495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
In about 1% of tuberculosis (TB) patients, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) can disseminate to the meninges, causing tuberculous meningitis (TBM) with mortality rate up to 60%. Chronic granulomatous inflammation (non-necrotizing and necrotizing) in the brain is the histological hallmark of TBM. The tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and the generated kynurenine metabolites exert major effector functions relevant to TB granuloma functioning. Here we have assessed immunohistochemically IDO1 expression and activity and its effector function and that of its isoform, IDO2, in post-mortem brain tissue of patients that demised with neurotuberculosis. We also related these findings to brain tissue of fatal/severe COVID-19. In this study, IDO1 and IDO2 were abundantly expressed and active in tuberculoid granulomas and were associated with the presence of M. tuberculosis as well as markers of autophagy and apoptosis. Like in fatal/severe COVID-19, IDO2 was also prominent in specific brain regions, such as the inferior olivary nucleus of medulla oblongata and cerebellum, but not associated with granulomas or with M. tuberculosis. Spatially associated apoptosis was observed in TBM, whereas in fatal COVID-19 autophagy dominated. Together, our findings highlight IDO2 as a potentially relevant effector enzyme in TBM, which may relate to the symptomology of TBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Guo
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands.
| | - Stefan-Dan Zaharie
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa and National Health Laboratory Services, Francie Van Zijl Dr, Parow, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
| | - A Marceline van Furth
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole N van der Wel
- Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anita E Grootemaat
- Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lin Zhang
- Neuropsychiatric Disorders Lab, Neuroimmunology Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marianna Bugiani
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081, HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariana Kruger
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Francie van Zijl Dr, Parow, Bellville, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
| | - Martijn van der Kuip
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - René Lutter
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands; Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pamart G, Gosset P, Le Rouzic O, Pichavant M, Poulain-Godefroy O. Kynurenine Pathway in Respiratory Diseases. Int J Tryptophan Res 2024; 17:11786469241232871. [PMID: 38495475 PMCID: PMC10943758 DOI: 10.1177/11786469241232871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway is the primary route for tryptophan catabolism and has received increasing attention as its association with inflammation and the immune system has become more apparent. This review provides a broad overview of the kynurenine pathway in respiratory diseases, from the initial observations to the characterization of the different cell types involved in the synthesis of kynurenine metabolites and the underlying immunoregulatory mechanisms. With a focus on respiratory infections, the various attempts to characterize the kynurenine/tryptophan (K/T) ratio as an inflammatory marker are reviewed. Its implication in chronic lung inflammation and its exacerbation by respiratory pathogens is also discussed. The emergence of preclinical interventional studies targeting the kynurenine pathway opens the way for the future development of new therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Pamart
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 -CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Gosset
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 -CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Le Rouzic
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 -CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Muriel Pichavant
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 -CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Odile Poulain-Godefroy
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 -CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tu J, Wen J, Luo Q, Li X, Wang D, Ye J. Causal relationships of metabolites with allergic diseases: a trans-ethnic Mendelian randomization study. Respir Res 2024; 25:94. [PMID: 38378549 PMCID: PMC10880354 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02720-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic diseases exert a considerable impact on global health, thus necessitating investigations into their etiology and pathophysiology for devising effective prevention and treatment strategies. This study employs a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and meta-analysis to identify metabolite targets potentially associated with allergic diseases. METHODS A two-sample MR analysis was conducted to explore potential causal relationships between circulating and urinary metabolites and allergic diseases. Exposures were derived from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 486 circulating metabolites and a GWAS of 55 targeted urinary metabolites. Outcome data for allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis (AR), and asthma, were obtained from the FinnGen biobank in Europe (cohort 1) and the Biobank Japan in Asia (cohort 2). MR results from both cohorts were combined using a meta-analysis. RESULTS MR analysis identified 50 circulating metabolites and 6 urinary metabolites in cohort 1 and 54 circulating metabolites and 2 urinary metabolites in cohort 2 as potentially causally related to allergic diseases. A meta-analysis of the MR results revealed stearoylcarnitine (OR 8.654; 95% CI 4.399-17.025; P = 4.06E-10) and 1-arachidonoylglycerophosphoinositol (OR 2.178; 95% CI 1.388-3.419; P = 7.15E-04) as the most reliable causal circulating metabolites for asthma and AR, respectively. Further, histidine (OR 0.734; 95% CI: 0.594-0.907; P = 0.004), tyrosine (OR 0.601; 95% CI: 0.380-0.952; P = 0.030), and alanine (OR 0.280; 95% CI: 0.125-0.628; P = 0.002) emerged as urinary metabolites with the greatest protective effects against asthma, AD, and AR, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Imbalances in numerous circulating and urinary metabolites may be implicated in the development and progression of allergic diseases. These findings have significant implications for the development of targeted strategies for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Tu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinyang Wen
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xin Li
- Jiangxi Medicine Academy of Nutrition and Health Management, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Deyun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
- Jiangxi Medicine Academy of Nutrition and Health Management, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
- Department of Allergy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
- Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nguyen DT, Kleczko EK, Dwivedi N, Monaghan MLT, Gitomer BY, Chonchol MB, Clambey ET, Nemenoff RA, Klawitter J, Hopp K. The tryptophan-metabolizing enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 regulates polycystic kidney disease progression. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e154773. [PMID: 36422996 PMCID: PMC9870090 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the most common monogenic nephropathy, is characterized by phenotypic variability that exceeds genic effects. Dysregulated metabolism and immune cell function are key disease modifiers. The tryptophan metabolites, kynurenines, produced through indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), are known immunomodulators. Here, we study the role of tryptophan metabolism in PKD using an orthologous disease model (C57BL/6J Pkd1RC/RC). We found elevated kynurenine and IDO1 levels in Pkd1RC/RC kidneys versus wild type. Further, IDO1 levels were increased in ADPKD cell lines. Genetic Ido1 loss in Pkd1RC/RC animals resulted in reduced PKD severity, as measured by cystic index and percentage kidney weight normalized to body weight. Consistent with an immunomodulatory role of kynurenines, Pkd1RC/RC;Ido1-/- mice presented with significant changes in the cystic immune microenvironment (CME) versus controls. Kidney macrophage numbers decreased and CD8+ T cell numbers increased, both known PKD modulators. Also, pharmacological IDO1 inhibition in Pkd1RC/RC mice and kidney-specific Pkd2-knockout mice with rapidly progressive PKD resulted in less severe PKD versus controls, with changes in the CME similar to those in the genetic model. Our data suggest that tryptophan metabolism is dysregulated in ADPKD and that its inhibition results in changes to the CME and slows disease progression, making IDO1 a therapeutic target for ADPKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dustin T. Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
| | - Emily K. Kleczko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
| | - Nidhi Dwivedi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
| | | | | | - Michel B. Chonchol
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, and
| | - Eric T. Clambey
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Raphael A. Nemenoff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, and
| | - Jelena Klawitter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Katharina Hopp
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, and
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hesse L, Oude Elberink J, van Oosterhout AJ, Nawijn MC. Allergen immunotherapy for allergic airway diseases: Use lessons from the past to design a brighter future. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
7
|
Carreño M, Pires MF, Woodcock SR, Brzoska T, Ghosh S, Salvatore SR, Chang F, Khoo NKH, Dunn M, Connors N, Yuan S, Straub AC, Wendell SG, Kato GJ, Freeman BA, Ofori-Acquah SF, Sundd P, Schopfer FJ, Vitturi DA. Immunomodulatory actions of a kynurenine-derived endogenous electrophile. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm9138. [PMID: 35767602 PMCID: PMC9242454 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm9138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The up-regulation of kynurenine metabolism induces immunomodulatory responses via incompletely understood mechanisms. We report that increases in cellular and systemic kynurenine levels yield the electrophilic derivative kynurenine-carboxyketoalkene (Kyn-CKA), as evidenced by the accumulation of thiol conjugates and saturated metabolites. Kyn-CKA induces NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2- and aryl hydrocarbon receptor-regulated genes and inhibits nuclear factor κB- and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3-dependent proinflammatory signaling. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary hemolytic condition characterized by basal inflammation and recurrent vaso-occlusive crises. Both transgenic SCD mice and patients with SCD exhibit increased kynurenine and Kyn-CKA metabolite levels. Plasma hemin and kynurenine concentrations are positively correlated, indicating that Kyn-CKA synthesis in SCD is up-regulated during pathogenic vascular stress. Administration of Kyn-CKA abrogated pulmonary microvasculature occlusion in SCD mice, an important factor in lung injury development. These findings demonstrate that the up-regulation of kynurenine synthesis and its metabolism to Kyn-CKA is an adaptive response that attenuates inflammation and protects tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mara Carreño
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maria F. Pires
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven R. Woodcock
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tomasz Brzoska
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Samit Ghosh
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sonia R. Salvatore
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Fei Chang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas K. H. Khoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Dunn
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nora Connors
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adam C. Straub
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Microvascular Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stacy G. Wendell
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Bruce A. Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Solomon F. Ofori-Acquah
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Prithu Sundd
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Francisco J. Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dario A. Vitturi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Critical Care Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Esmaeili SA, Hajavi J. The role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in allergic disorders. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:3297-3306. [PMID: 35028850 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The amino acid tryptophan (TRP) is critical for the expansion and survival of cells. During the past few years, the manipulation of tryptophan metabolism via indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) has been presented as a significant regulatory mechanism for tolerance stimulation and the regulation of immune responses. Currently, a considerable number of studies suggest that the role of IDO in T helper 2 (Th2) cell regulation may be different from that of T helper 1 (Th1) immune responses. IDO acts as an immunosuppressive tolerogenic enzyme to decrease allergic responses through the stimulation of the Kynurenine-IDO pathway, the subsequent reduction of TRP, and the promotion of Kynurenine products. Kynurenine products motivate T-cell apoptosis and anergy, the propagation of Treg and Th17 cells, and the aberration of the Th1/Th2 response. We suggest that the IDO-kynurenine pathway can function as a negative reaction round for Th1 cells; however, it may play a different role in upregulating principal Th2 immune responses. In this review, we intend to integrate novel results on this pathway in correlation with allergic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jafar Hajavi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Science, 9691793718, Gonabad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
López-Rodríguez JC, Rodríguez-Coira J, Benedé S, Barbas C, Barber D, Villalba MT, Escribese MM, Villaseñor A, Batanero E. Comparative metabolomics analysis of bronchial epithelium during barrier establishment after allergen exposure. Clin Transl Allergy 2021; 11:e12051. [PMID: 34582104 PMCID: PMC9082991 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have shown a correlation between an altered metabolome and respiratory allergies. The epithelial barrier hypothesis proposes that an epithelial barrier dysfunction can result in allergic diseases development. Der p 1 allergen from house dust mite is a renowned epithelial barrier disruptor and allergy initiator due to its cysteine‐protease activity. Here, we compared the metabolic profile of the bronchial epithelium exposed or not to Der p 1 during barrier establishment to understand its active role in allergy development. Methods Calu‐3 cells were cultivated in air‐liquid interface cultures and exposed to either Der p 1 or Ole e 1 allergens during barrier establishment. The comparative metabolomics analysis of apical and basolateral media were performed using liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis both coupled to mass spectrometry. Results We showed that epithelial barrier disruption by Der p 1 was associated with a specific metabolic profile, which was highly dependent on the state of the epithelium at the time of contact. Moreover, an apical‐basolateral distribution of the metabolites was also observed, indicating a compartmentalization of the response with differential metabolic patterns. A number of metabolites were changed by Der p 1, mainly related to amino acids metabolism, such as L‐arginine, L‐kynurenine and L‐methionine. Conclusion This work is the first report on the metabolic response in human bronchial epithelial cells associated with cysteine‐protease Der p 1 activity, which could contribute to allergy development. Moreover, it supports a reformulated epithelial barrier hypothesis that might help to explain allergies and their increasing prevalence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos López-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Rodríguez-Coira
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Benedé
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo Barber
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Villalba
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Marta Escribese
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alma Villaseñor
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Batanero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hossain FMA, Park SO, Kim HJ, Eo JC, Choi JY, Tanveer M, Uyangaa E, Kim K, Eo SK. Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase in Hematopoietic Stem Cell-Derived Cells Suppresses Rhinovirus-Induced Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation by Regulating Th1- and Th17-Type Responses. Immune Netw 2021; 21:e26. [PMID: 34522439 PMCID: PMC8410990 DOI: 10.4110/in.2021.21.e26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma exacerbations are a major cause of intractable morbidity, increases in health care costs, and a greater progressive loss of lung function. Asthma exacerbations are most commonly triggered by respiratory viral infections, particularly with human rhinovirus (hRV). Respiratory viral infections are believed to affect the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a limiting enzyme in tryptophan catabolism, which is presumed to alter asthmatic airway inflammation. Here, we explored the detailed role of IDO in the progression of asthma exacerbations using a mouse model for asthma exacerbation caused by hRV infection. Our results reveal that IDO is required to prevent neutrophilic inflammation in the course of asthma exacerbation caused by an hRV infection, as corroborated by markedly enhanced Th17- and Th1-type neutrophilia in the airways of IDO-deficient mice. This neutrophilia was closely associated with disrupted expression of tight junctions and enhanced expression of inflammasome-related molecules and mucin-inducing genes. In addition, IDO ablation enhanced allergen-specific Th17- and Th1-biased CD4+ T-cell responses following hRV infection. The role of IDO in attenuating Th17- and Th1-type neutrophilic airway inflammation became more apparent in chronic asthma exacerbations after repeated allergen exposures and hRV infections. Furthermore, IDO enzymatic induction in leukocytes derived from the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) lineage appeared to play a dominant role in attenuating Th17- and Th1-type neutrophilic inflammation in the airway following hRV infection. Therefore, IDO activity in HSC-derived leukocytes is required to regulate Th17- and Th1-type neutrophilic inflammation in the airway during asthma exacerbations caused by hRV infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferdaus Mohd Altaf Hossain
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.,Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Seong Ok Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Jun Cheol Eo
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental & Biosource Science, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Jin Young Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Maryum Tanveer
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Erdenebelig Uyangaa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Koanhoi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Seong Kug Eo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ondari E, Calvino-Sanles E, First NJ, Gestal MC. Eosinophils and Bacteria, the Beginning of a Story. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8004. [PMID: 34360770 PMCID: PMC8347986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are granulocytes primarily associated with TH2 responses to parasites or immune hyper-reactive states, such as asthma, allergies, or eosinophilic esophagitis. However, it does not make sense from an evolutionary standpoint to maintain a cell type that is only specific for parasitic infections and that otherwise is somehow harmful to the host. In recent years, there has been a shift in the perception of these cells. Eosinophils have recently been recognized as regulators of immune homeostasis and suppressors of over-reactive pro-inflammatory responses by secreting specific molecules that dampen the immune response. Their role during parasitic infections has been well investigated, and their versatility during immune responses to helminths includes antigen presentation as well as modulation of T cell responses. Although it is known that eosinophils can present antigens during viral infections, there are still many mechanistic aspects of the involvement of eosinophils during viral infections that remain to be elucidated. However, are eosinophils able to respond to bacterial infections? Recent literature indicates that Helicobacter pylori triggers TH2 responses mediated by eosinophils; this promotes anti-inflammatory responses that might be involved in the long-term persistent infection caused by this pathogen. Apparently and on the contrary, in the respiratory tract, eosinophils promote TH17 pro-inflammatory responses during Bordetella bronchiseptica infection, and they are, in fact, critical for early clearance of bacteria from the respiratory tract. However, eosinophils are also intertwined with microbiota, and up to now, it is not clear if microbiota regulates eosinophils or vice versa, or how this connection influences immune responses. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge of eosinophils as regulators of pro and anti-inflammatory responses in the context of both infection and naïve conditions. We propose questions and future directions that might open novel research avenues in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Monica C. Gestal
- LSU Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University (LSU), Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (E.O.); (E.C.-S.); (N.J.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ouyang Y, Wen L, Armstrong JA, Chvanov M, Latawiec D, Cai W, Awais M, Mukherjee R, Huang W, Gough PJ, Bertin J, Tepikin AV, Sutton R, Criddle DN. Protective Effects of Necrostatin-1 in Acute Pancreatitis: Partial Involvement of Receptor Interacting Protein Kinase 1. Cells 2021; 10:1035. [PMID: 33925729 PMCID: PMC8145347 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a severe and potentially fatal disease caused predominantly by alcohol excess and gallstones, which lacks a specific therapy. The role of Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 1 (RIPK1), a key component of programmed necrosis (Necroptosis), is unclear in AP. We assessed the effects of RIPK1 inhibitor Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) and RIPK1 modification (RIPK1K45A: kinase dead) in bile acid (TLCS-AP), alcoholic (FAEE-AP) and caerulein hyperstimulation (CER-AP) mouse models. Involvement of collateral Nec-1 target indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) was probed with the inhibitor Epacadostat (EPA). Effects of Nec-1 and RIPK1K45A were also compared on pancreatic acinar cell (PAC) fate in vitro and underlying mechanisms explored. Nec-1 markedly ameliorated histological and biochemical changes in all models. However, these were only partially reduced or unchanged in RIPK1K45A mice. Inhibition of IDO with EPA was protective in TLCS-AP. Both Nec-1 and RIPK1K45A modification inhibited TLCS- and FAEE-induced PAC necrosis in vitro. Nec-1 did not affect TLCS-induced Ca2+ entry in PACs, however, it inhibited an associated ROS elevation. The results demonstrate protective actions of Nec-1 in multiple models. However, RIPK1-dependent necroptosis only partially contributed to beneficial effects, and actions on targets such as IDO are likely to be important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Ouyang
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (Y.O.); (M.C.); (A.V.T.)
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Li Wen
- Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (L.W.); (J.A.A.); (D.L.); (W.C.); (M.A.); (R.M.); (W.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Jane A. Armstrong
- Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (L.W.); (J.A.A.); (D.L.); (W.C.); (M.A.); (R.M.); (W.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Michael Chvanov
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (Y.O.); (M.C.); (A.V.T.)
| | - Diane Latawiec
- Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (L.W.); (J.A.A.); (D.L.); (W.C.); (M.A.); (R.M.); (W.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Wenhao Cai
- Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (L.W.); (J.A.A.); (D.L.); (W.C.); (M.A.); (R.M.); (W.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Mohammad Awais
- Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (L.W.); (J.A.A.); (D.L.); (W.C.); (M.A.); (R.M.); (W.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Rajarshi Mukherjee
- Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (L.W.); (J.A.A.); (D.L.); (W.C.); (M.A.); (R.M.); (W.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Wei Huang
- Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (L.W.); (J.A.A.); (D.L.); (W.C.); (M.A.); (R.M.); (W.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Peter J. Gough
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA; (P.J.G.); (J.B.)
| | - John Bertin
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA; (P.J.G.); (J.B.)
| | - Alexei V. Tepikin
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (Y.O.); (M.C.); (A.V.T.)
| | - Robert Sutton
- Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (L.W.); (J.A.A.); (D.L.); (W.C.); (M.A.); (R.M.); (W.H.); (R.S.)
| | - David N. Criddle
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (Y.O.); (M.C.); (A.V.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abu Khweek A, Kim E, Joldrichsen MR, Amer AO, Boyaka PN. Insights Into Mucosal Innate Immune Responses in House Dust Mite-Mediated Allergic Asthma. Front Immunol 2020; 11:534501. [PMID: 33424827 PMCID: PMC7793902 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.534501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of asthma has been rising steadily for several decades, and continues to be a major public health and global economic burden due to both direct and indirect costs. Asthma is defined as chronic heterogeneous inflammatory diseases characterized by airway obstruction, mucus production and bronchospasm. Different endotypes of asthma are being recognized based on the distinct pathophysiology, genetic predisposition, age, prognosis, and response to remedies. Mucosal innate response to environmental triggers such as pollen, cigarette smoke, fragrances, viral infection, and house dust mite (HDM) are now recognized to play an important role in allergic asthma. HDM are the most pervasive allergens that co-habitat with us, as they are ubiquitous in-house dusts, mattress and bedsheets, and feed on a diet of exfoliated human skin flakes. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, is one among several HDM identified up to date. During the last decade, extensive studies have been fundamental in elucidating the interactions between HDM allergens, the host immune systems and airways. Moreover, the paradigm in the field of HDM-mediated allergy has been shifted away from being solely a Th2-geared to a complex response orchestrated via extensive crosstalk between the epithelium, professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) and components of the adaptive immunity. In fact, HDM have several lessons to teach us about their allergenicity, the complex interactions that stimulate innate immunity in initiating and perpetuating the lung inflammation. Herein, we review main allergens of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and their interactions with immunological sentinels that promote allergic sensitization and activation of innate immunity, which is critical for the development of the Th2 biased adaptive immunity to HDM allergens and development of allergic asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Abu Khweek
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine.,Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Eunsoo Kim
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Marisa R Joldrichsen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Amal O Amer
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,The Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Prosper N Boyaka
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,The Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hosoki K, Chakraborty A, Sur S. Molecular mechanisms and epidemiology of COVID-19 from an allergist's perspective. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:285-299. [PMID: 32624257 PMCID: PMC7331543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The global pandemic caused by the newly described severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused worldwide suffering and death of unimaginable magnitude from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The virus is transmitted through aerosol droplets, and causes severe acute respiratory syndrome. SARS-CoV-2 uses the receptor-binding domain of its spike protein S1 to attach to the host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor in lung and airway cells. Binding requires the help of another host protein, transmembrane protease serine S1 member 2. Several factors likely contribute to the efficient transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 has a 10- to 20-fold higher receptor-binding capacity compared with previous pandemic coronaviruses. In addition, because asymptomatic persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 have high viral loads in their nasal secretions, they can silently and efficiently spread the disease. PCR-based tests have emerged as the criterion standard for the diagnosis of infection. Caution must be exercised in interpreting antibody-based tests because they have not yet been validated, and may give a false sense of security of being "immune" to SARS-CoV-2. We discuss how the development of some symptoms in allergic rhinitis can serve as clues for new-onset COVID-19. There are mixed reports that asthma is a risk factor for severe COVID-19, possibly due to differences in asthma endotypes. The rapid spread of COVID-19 has focused the efforts of scientists on repurposing existing Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs that inhibit viral entry, endocytosis, genome assembly, translation, and replication. Numerous clinical trials have been launched to identify effective treatments for COVID-19. Initial data from a placebo-controlled study suggest faster time to recovery in patients on remdesivir; it is now being evaluated in additional controlled studies. As discussed in this review, till effective vaccines and treatments emerge, it is important to understand the scientific rationale of pandemic-mitigation strategies such as wearing facemasks and social distancing, and implement them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koa Hosoki
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Allergy and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Abhijit Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Allergy and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Sanjiv Sur
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Allergy and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hu Q, Jin L, Zeng J, Wang J, Zhong S, Fan W, Liao W. Tryptophan metabolite-regulated Treg responses contribute to attenuation of airway inflammation during specific immunotherapy in a mouse asthma model. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:1891-1899. [PMID: 31951781 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1698900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In allergen-specific immunotherapy for asthma, antigens attached to dendritic cells increase the tryptophan metabolism in these cells and alter the Th17/Treg balance in the airways. Tryptophan metabolism has long been suggested to be relevant in the pathophysiology of allergic disorders, including asthma. Our study investigated whether tryptophan metabolites are responsible for the changes in Th17/Treg balance and decreases in airway hyperreactivity and inflammation seen during allergen-specific immunotherapy in an asthma model. Ovalbumin was injected intraperitoneally into mice to establish an asthma model, and then high dose ovalbumin allergen-specific immunotherapy was administered to induce immune tolerance. Airway hyperreactivity and serum ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin E were measured to assess whether the animal model was successfully established. We then examined the influence of inhibition of tryptophan metabolism and the addition of tryptophan metabolites on allergen-specific immunotherapy-induced changes in the Th17/Treg balance and decreases in airway inflammation and inflammatory cytokines. Production of tryptophan metabolites was partly responsible for the allergen-specific immunotherapy-induced increase in Tregs, decrease in airway inflammation, and decrease in inflammatory cytokines. Ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin E and airway hyperreactivity were not affected. In the context of asthma, an increase in tryptophan metabolites is one of the mechanisms by which allergen-specific immunotherapy achieves immune tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- Department of the Laboratory of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Shimin Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Wenting Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University , Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University , Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Han L, Wang X, Xue M. IDO participates in the development of asthma by regulating T cell differentiation. Minerva Med 2019; 111:103-105. [PMID: 31124632 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.19.06097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Han
- Department of Pediatric, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Pediatric, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Mei Xue
- Department of Pediatric, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China -
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Phenotype analyses of IL-10-producing Foxp3 - CD4 + T cells increased by subcutaneous immunotherapy in allergic airway inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 61:297-305. [PMID: 29909233 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mechanisms of allergen immunotherapy are not fully elucidated. Here, we sought to develop a murine model to demonstrate the effectiveness of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) for allergic responses. As excessive antigen dosages may induce immune tolerance in sensitized mice, the effects of SCIT were assessed by varying the antigen dosage. The mechanisms of SCIT were analyzed by focusing on the induction of Foxp3+ Treg cells and IL-10-producing Foxp3- CD4+ T cells, as well as on the phenotype of the latter cells. METHODS Ovalbumin (OVA) + Al(OH)3-sensitized mice received subcutaneous dosages of OVA at 0.01, 0.1 or 1 mg/animal for SCIT, followed by intratracheal challenges with OVA at 5, 50 or 500 μg/animal. RESULTS The maximum effects of SCIT were observed with 1 mg/animal of OVA for airway inflammation induced by 5 μg/animal of OVA, in which airway eosinophilia and Th2 cytokine production were markedly suppressed. The increase in the OVA-specific IgE level was significantly suppressed by SCIT. The development of bronchial epithelial thickening and mucus accumulation were also suppressed by SCIT. Concomitantly, IL-10-producing Foxp3- CD4+ T cells were increased in the lungs by SCIT, but Foxp3+ Treg cells were not. Most of the induced IL-10-producing Foxp3- CD4+ T cells were negative for either IL-5 or LAG-3, but positive for CD49b. CONCLUSION We successfully developed an airway allergic model for SCIT. It was suggested that most of IL-10-producing Foxp3- CD4+ regulatory T cells increased by SCIT in the lungs were CD49b+ CD4+ regulatory T cells, but neither Th2 cells nor Tr1 cells.
Collapse
|
18
|
Hesse L, Brouwer U, Petersen AH, Gras R, Bosman L, Brimnes J, Oude Elberink JNG, van Oosterhout AJM, Nawijn MC. Subcutaneous immunotherapy suppresses Th2 inflammation and induces neutralizing antibodies, but sublingual immunotherapy suppresses airway hyperresponsiveness in grass pollen mouse models for allergic asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:1035-1049. [PMID: 29752757 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both subcutaneous and sublingual allergen immunotherapy (SCIT and SLIT) have been shown to effectively suppress allergic manifestations upon allergen exposure, providing long-term relief from symptoms in allergic disorders including allergic asthma. Clinical studies directly comparing SCIT and SLIT report a different kinetics and magnitude of immunological changes induced during treatment. Comparative studies into the mechanisms underlying immune suppression in SCIT and SLIT are lacking. OBJECTIVE We aimed to establish an experimental model for grass pollen (GP) SCIT and SLIT that would allow a head-to-head comparison of the two treatments. METHODS BALB/c mice were sensitized with GP extract, followed by SCIT and SLIT treatments with various GP dosages. Subsequently, we challenged mice with GP and measured airway responsiveness (AHR), GP-specific immunoglobulins, ear swelling tests (EST), eosinophilic inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and T cell cytokine release after restimulation of lung cells (IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13). RESULTS We find that SLIT treatment was able to suppress allergen-induced AHR, while allergic inflammation was not effectively suppressed even at the highest GP dose in this model. In contrast, SCIT treatment induced higher levels of GP-specific IgG1, while SLIT was superior in inducing a GP-specific IgG2a response, which was associated with increased Th1 activity in lung tissue after SLIT, but not SCIT treatment. Interestingly, SCIT was able to suppress Th2-type cytokine production in lung cell suspensions, while SLIT failed to do so. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In conclusion, GP-SCIT suppresses Th2 inflammation and induced neutralizing antibodies, while GP-SLIT suppresses the clinically relevant lung function parameters in an asthma mouse model, indicating that the two application routes depend on partially divergent mechanisms of tolerance induction. Interestingly, these data mirror observations in clinical studies, underscoring the translational value of these mouse models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Hesse
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Experimental Pulmonary and Inflammatory Research (EXPIRE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - U Brouwer
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Experimental Pulmonary and Inflammatory Research (EXPIRE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A H Petersen
- Medical Biology section, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Gras
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Experimental Pulmonary and Inflammatory Research (EXPIRE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Bosman
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Experimental Pulmonary and Inflammatory Research (EXPIRE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Brimnes
- Department of Experimental Immunology, ALK-Abelló A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - J N G Oude Elberink
- Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Division of Allergy, Department of internal medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A J M van Oosterhout
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Experimental Pulmonary and Inflammatory Research (EXPIRE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - M C Nawijn
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, Experimental Pulmonary and Inflammatory Research (EXPIRE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Expression and regulation of immune-modulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) by human airway epithelial cells and its effect on T cell activation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:57606-57617. [PMID: 27613847 PMCID: PMC5295376 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) catalyzes the degradation of tryptophan, which plays a critical role in immune suppression through regulating the production of a series of metabolites that are generally referred to as kynurenines. It has become increasingly clear that epithelial cells (ECs) play an active role in maintaining lung homeostasis by modulating the function of immune cells via producing cytokines, chemokines, and anti-microbial mediators. In this study we assessed the regulation of IDO activity and expression in human primary ECs and EC lines under steady state conditions and in response to bacterial and allergenic stimuli. We also investigated the potential immune modulatory functions of IDO expression in human airway ECs. Our data clearly show that airway ECs produce IDO, which is down-regulated in response to allergens and TLR ligands while up-regulated in response to IFN-γ. Using gene silencing, we further demonstrate that IDO plays a key role in the EC-mediated suppression of antigen-specific and polyclonal proliferation of T cells. Interestingly, our data also show that ECs lose their inhibitory effect on T cell activation in response to different TLR agonists mimicking bacterial or viral infections. In conclusion, our work provides an understanding of how IDO is regulated in ECs as well as demonstrates that “resting” ECs can suppress T cell activation in an IDO dependent manner. These data provide new insight into how ECs, through the production of IDO, can influence downstream innate and adaptive responses as part of their function in maintaining immune homeostasis in the airways.
Collapse
|
20
|
Polyzos KA, Ketelhuth DFJ. The role of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in cardiovascular disease. Hamostaseologie 2017; 35:128-36. [DOI: 10.5482/hamo-14-10-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SummaryCoronary heart disease and stroke, the deadliest forms of cardiovascular disease (CVD), are mainly caused by atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the artery wall driven by maladaptive immune responses in the vessel wall. Various risk factors for CVD influence this pathogenic process, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and obesity. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme catalyzing the rate-limiting step in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation, is strongly induced by inflammation in several tissues, including the artery wall. An increasing body of evidence indicates that IDO promotes immune tolerance, decreases inflammation, and functions as a homeostatic mechanism against excessive immune reactions.This review provides an overview of the emerging field of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation in CVD, emphasizing the role of IDO-mediated tryptophan metabolism and its metabolites in the modulation of ‘classical’ cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity, lipid metabolism, diabetes mellitus, and in the development of atherosclerotic CVD.
Collapse
|
21
|
Decreased expression of indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase in childhood allergic asthma and its inverse correlation with fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017; 119:429-434. [PMID: 29150070 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tryptophan metabolic pathway mediated by indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a tryptophan-degrading enzyme, plays an important role in controlling the development of allergic inflammation. The fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is closely associated with the allergic state and is extensively used for the clinical evaluation of airway allergic inflammation. Clinical trials have rarely assessed the expression of IDO in childhood allergic asthma and its correlation with FeNO. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the IDO level in children with childhood allergic asthma and the relation between IDO levels and FeNO. METHODS Thirty children older than 5 years who were diagnosed the first time with allergic asthma were selected from the pediatric outpatient department. Another 30 healthy children were selected as controls. The subjects were evaluated by complete medical history, pulmonary function test results, skin prick test reaction, FeNO concentration test result, eosinophil count, and a disease severity score. Peripheral venous blood and induced sputum were obtained to measure the concentrations of IDO metabolites (ie, tryptophan and kynurenine). RESULTS The IDO levels in the peripheral blood and induced sputum were significantly lower in patients with childhood allergic asthma than in children in the control group. The IDO level was negatively correlated with FeNO but was not significantly correlated with age, sex, blood eosinophil count, or disease severity scale. CONCLUSION The expression of IDO was significantly lower in childhood allergic asthma, particularly in children with high FeNO levels. There was no significant relation between IDO levels and asthma severity. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Register (www.chictr.org.cn) Identifier: ChiCTR-COC-15006080.
Collapse
|
22
|
Van der Leek AP, Yanishevsky Y, Kozyrskyj AL. The Kynurenine Pathway As a Novel Link between Allergy and the Gut Microbiome. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1374. [PMID: 29163472 PMCID: PMC5681735 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, the indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) subset of the kynurenine (KYN) pathway of tryptophan (TRP) metabolism has been the subject of much research in the area of immune tolerance. In this review, we aim to incorporate new findings on this pathway in relation to allergy and the gut microbiome, while providing a comprehensive overview of the pathway itself. Stimulated by interferon gamma, IDO acts as a tolerogenic, immunosuppressive enzyme to attenuate allergic responses by the induction of the KYN-IDO pathway, resultant depletion of TRP, and elevation in KYN metabolites. Acting through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, KYN metabolites cause T-cell anergy and apoptosis, proliferation of Treg and Th17 cells, and deviation of the Th1/Th2 response, although the outcome is highly dependent on the microenvironment. Moreover, new evidence from germ-free mice and human infants shows that gut microbiota and breast milk are key in determining the functioning of the KYN-IDO pathway. As such, we recommend further research on how this pathway may be a critical link between the microbiome and development of allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anita L Kozyrskyj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Orihara K, Odemuyiwa SO, Stefura WP, Ilarraza R, HayGlass KT, Moqbel R. Neurotransmitter signalling via NMDA receptors leads to decreased T helper type 1-like and enhanced T helper type 2-like immune balance in humans. Immunology 2017; 153:368-379. [PMID: 28940416 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the pivotal roles that CD4+ T cell imbalance plays in human immune disorders, much interest centres on better understanding influences that regulate human helper T-cell subset dominance in vivo. Here, using primary CD4+ T cells and short-term T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2-like lines, we investigated roles and mechanisms by which neurotransmitter receptors may influence human type 1 versus type 2 immunity. We hypothesized that N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDA-R), which play key roles in memory and learning, can also regulate human CD4+ T cell function through induction of excitotoxicity. Fresh primary CD4+ T cells from healthy donors express functional NMDA-R that are strongly up-regulated upon T cell receptor (TCR) mediated activation. Synthetic and physiological NMDA-R agonists elicited Ca2+ flux and led to marked inhibition of type 1 but not type 2 or interleukin-10 cytokine responses. Among CD4+ lines, NMDA and quinolinic acid preferentially reduced cytokine production, Ca2+ flux, proliferation and survival of Th1-like cells through increased induction of cell death whereas Th2-like cells were largely spared. Collectively, the findings demonstrate that (i) NMDA-R is rapidly up-regulated upon CD4+ T cell activation in humans and (ii) Th1 versus Th2 cell functions such as proliferation, cytokine production and cell survival are differentially affected by NMDA-R agonists. Differential cytokine production and proliferative capacity of Th1 versus Th2 cells is attributable in part to increased physiological cell death among fully committed Th1 versus Th2 cells, leading to increased Th2-like dominance. Hence, excitotoxicity, beyond its roles in neuronal plasticity, may contribute to ongoing modulation of human T cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanami Orihara
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Solomon O Odemuyiwa
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - William P Stefura
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ramses Ilarraza
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kent T HayGlass
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Redwan Moqbel
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Laugeray A, Launay JM, Callebert J, Mutlu O, Guillemin GJ, Belzung C, Barone PR. Chronic Treatment with the IDO1 Inhibitor 1-Methyl-D-Tryptophan Minimizes the Behavioural and Biochemical Abnormalities Induced by Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress in Mice - Comparison with Fluoxetine. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164337. [PMID: 27828964 PMCID: PMC5102430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated that confronting mice to the Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress (UCMS) procedure-a validated model of stress-induced depression-results in behavioural alterations and biochemical changes in the kynurenine pathway (KP), suspected to modify the glutamatergic neurotransmission through the imbalance between downstream metabolites such as 3-hydroxykynurenine, quinolinic and kynurenic acids. We showed that daily treatment with the IDO1 inhibitor 1-methyl-D-tryptophan partially rescues UCMS-induced KP alterations as does the antidepressant fluoxetine. More importantly we demonstrated that 1-methyl-D-tryptophan was able to alleviate most of the behavioural changes resulting from UCMS exposure. We also showed that both fluoxetine and 1-methyl-D-tryptophan robustly reduced peripheral levels of proinflammatory cytokines in UCMS mice suggesting that their therapeutic effects might occur through anti-inflammatory processes. KP inhibition might be involved in the positive effects of fluoxetine on mice behaviour and could be a relevant strategy to counteract depressive-like symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Laugeray
- Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neurogenetics – UMR7355, CNRS - 3b Rue de Férollerie, Orléans La Source, Cedex 2, France
| | - Jean-Marie Launay
- UMRS INSERM U942, Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique — Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Callebert
- UMRS INSERM U942, Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique — Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Oguz Mutlu
- UMRS INSERM U930, CNRS ERL 3106, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, 41380 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gilles J. Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Catherine Belzung
- UMRS INSERM U930, CNRS ERL 3106, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Pascal R. Barone
- UMRS INSERM U930, CNRS ERL 3106, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Is Not a Pivotal Regulator Responsible for Suppressing Allergic Airway Inflammation through Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165661. [PMID: 27812173 PMCID: PMC5094728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-mediated immune suppression of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been revealed in septic and tumor microenvironments, the role of IDO in suppressing allergic airway inflammation by MSCs is not well documented. We evaluated the effects of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) on allergic inflammation in IDO-knockout (KO) asthmatic mice or asthmatic mice treated with ASCs derived from IDO-KO mice. Methods and Findings ASCs were injected intravenously in wild-type (WT) and IDO-KO asthmatic mice. Furthermore, asthmatic mice were injected with ASCs derived from IDO-KO mice. We investigated the immunomodulatory effects of ASCs between WT and IDO-KO mice or IDO-KO ASCs in asthmatic mice. In asthmatic mice, ASCs significantly reduced airway hyperresponsiveness, the number of total inflammatory cells and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), eosinophilic inflammation, goblet hyperplasia, and serum concentrations of total and allergen-specific IgE and IgG1. ASCs significantly inhibited Th2 cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13, and enhanced Th1 cytokine (interferon-γ) and regulatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) in BALF and lung draining lymph nodes (LLNs). ASCs led to significant increases in regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and IL-10+ T cell populations in LLNs. However, the immunosuppressive effects of ASCs did not significantly differ between WT and IDO-KO mice. Moreover, ASCs derived from IDO-KO mice showed immunosuppressive effects in allergic airway inflammation. Conclusions IDO did not play a pivotal role in the suppression of allergic airway inflammation through ASCs, suggesting that it is not the major regulator responsible for suppressing allergic airway inflammation.
Collapse
|
26
|
Refaat MM, Abdel Rehim ASM, El-Sayed HM, Mohamed NA, Khafagy AG. Serum indolamine 2,3 dioxygenase as a marker in the evaluation of allergic rhinitis. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2016; 29:329-33. [PMID: 26358342 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2015.29.4210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis occurs on exposure to a known allergen and is correlated with a positive skin test and physical examination results. Tryptophan is a substrate of many important proteins, e.g., indolamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO). IDO, an immunomodulator, is a metabolic enzyme induced by immune activation. It has a significant role in allergic reactions. T-helper 2 cell is proposed to affect the expression of IDO. AIM To evaluate IDO levels in patients with allergic rhinitis compared with controls and its relationship to the severity of allergic rhinitis. METHODS This case-control study included 20 patients who were atopic and with allergic rhinitis who attended the allergy clinic of Ain Shams University Hospitals. Twenty age- and sex-matched patients who were not atopic were included as controls. An allergic rhinitis diagnosis was made according to the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma document. Complete history taking, physical examination, skin-prick test, complete blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), IDO concentration, and nasal smear for eosinophils were done for the patients. RESULTS There was a significant increase in IDO levels in allergic rhinitis in comparison with subjects without allergy (p < 0.001). IDO was positively correlated with total IgE levels (p < 0.037). There was an insignificant relationship among IDO levels and age, sex, duration of the disease, severity score, nasal and blood eosinophilia, and number of positive allergens. CONCLUSION IDO plays an important role in patients with atopic symptomatic allergic rhinitis, especially with increased levels of IgE. There is no relationship between IDO levels and severity of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maged Mohamed Refaat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Inmmunology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Buyuktiryaki B, Sahiner UM, Girgin G, Birben E, Soyer OU, Cavkaytar O, Cetin C, Arik Yilmaz E, Yavuz ST, Kalayci O, Baydar T, Sackesen C. Low indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity in persistent food allergy in children. Allergy 2016; 71:258-66. [PMID: 26449488 DOI: 10.1111/all.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which degrades tryptophan (Trp) to kynurenine (Kyn), has been demonstrated to contribute to modulation of allergic responses. However, the role of IDO in food allergy has not yet been elucidated. METHODS Serum Trp and Kyn concentrations were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Expression of IDO gene was measured by real-time PCR. The levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and interferon (IFN)-γ in cell culture supernatants were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Kyn/Trp (IDO activity) was significantly lower in subjects with food allergy (n = 100) than in aged-matched healthy controls (n = 112) (P = 0.004). Kyn/Trp was decreased from healthy through completely tolerant, partially tolerant, and reactive ones [LN transformation (mean ± SEM) healthy: 3.9 ± 0.02 μM/mM; completely tolerant: 3.83 ± 0.04; partially tolerant: 3.8 ± 0.06; reactive: 3.7 ± 0.04] (P = 0.008). The frequency of genetic polymorphisms of IDO did not reveal a significant association with Trp, Kyn, and Kyn/Trp in healthy and food-allergic cases. Culture of PBMC experiments yielded that IDO mRNA expression was not different between tolerant and reactive groups. IL-4 synthesis when stimulated with casein increased significantly in subjects who are reactive and tolerant to foods (P = 0.042, P = 0.006, respectively). Increase in IL-10 synthesis was observed only in children tolerant to milk, but not in reactive ones. IFN-γ synthesis, when stimulated with IL-2 and β-lactoglobulin in cell culture, was significantly higher in subjects tolerant to milk than in the reactive ones (P = 0.005 and P = 0.029, respectively). CONCLUSION Our results imply the probability of involvement of IDO in development of tolerance process, and we presume that high IDO activity is associated with nonresponsiveness to food allergens despite allergen sensitization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B. Buyuktiryaki
- Division of Pediatric Allergy; Hacettepe University School of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - U. M. Sahiner
- Division of Pediatric Allergy; Hacettepe University School of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - G. Girgin
- Division of Toxicology; Hacettepe University School of Pharmacy; Ankara Turkey
| | - E. Birben
- Division of Pediatric Allergy; Hacettepe University School of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - O. U. Soyer
- Division of Pediatric Allergy; Hacettepe University School of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - O. Cavkaytar
- Division of Pediatric Allergy; Hacettepe University School of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - C. Cetin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics; Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences; Ankara Turkey
| | - E. Arik Yilmaz
- Division of Pediatric Allergy; Hacettepe University School of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - S. T. Yavuz
- Division of Pediatric Allergy; GATA Military School of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - O. Kalayci
- Division of Pediatric Allergy; Hacettepe University School of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - T. Baydar
- Division of Toxicology; Hacettepe University School of Pharmacy; Ankara Turkey
| | - C. Sackesen
- Division of Pediatric Allergy; Hacettepe University School of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
- Division of Pediatric Allergy; Koc University School of Medicine; Istanbul Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Salazar F, Hall L, Negm OH, Awuah D, Tighe PJ, Shakib F, Ghaemmaghami AM. The mannose receptor negatively modulates the Toll-like receptor 4-aryl hydrocarbon receptor-indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase axis in dendritic cells affecting T helper cell polarization. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:1841-1851.e2. [PMID: 26703454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cells (DCs) are key players in the induction and re-elicitation of TH2 responses to allergens. We have previously shown that different C-type lectin receptors on DCs play a major role in allergen recognition and uptake. In particular, mannose receptor (MR), through modulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 signaling, can regulate indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity, favoring TH2 responses. Interestingly, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-dependent transcription factor with an emerging role in immune modulation, has been implicated in IDO activation in response to TLR stimulation. OBJECTIVE Here we investigated how allergens and lectins modulate the TLR4-AhR-IDO axis in human monocyte-derived DCs. METHODS Using a combination of genomics, proteomics, and immunologic studies, we investigated the role of MR and AhR in IDO regulation and its effect on T helper cell differentiation. RESULTS We have demonstrated that LPS induces both IDO isoforms (IDO1 and IDO2) in DCs, with partial involvement of AhR. Additionally, we found that, like mannan, different airborne allergens can effectively downregulate TLR4-induced IDO1 and IDO2 expression, most likely through binding to the MR. Mannose-based ligands were also able to downregulate IL-12p70 production by DCs, affecting T helper cell polarization. Interestingly, AhR and some components of the noncanonical nuclear factor κB pathway were shown to be downregulated after MR engagement, which could explain the regulatory effects of MR on IDO expression. CONCLUSION Our work demonstrates a key role for MR in the modulation of the TLR4-AhR-IDO axis, which has a significant effect on DC behavior and the development of immune responses against allergens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Salazar
- Division of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence Hall
- Division of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ola H Negm
- Division of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Dennis Awuah
- Division of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick J Tighe
- Division of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Farouk Shakib
- Division of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amir M Ghaemmaghami
- Division of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
IDO1 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1) is a member of a unique class of mammalian haem dioxygenases that catalyse the oxidative catabolism of the least-abundant essential amino acid, L-Trp (L-tryptophan), along the kynurenine pathway. Significant increases in knowledge have been recently gained with respect to understanding the fundamental biochemistry of IDO1 including its catalytic reaction mechanism, the scope of enzyme reactions it catalyses, the biochemical mechanisms controlling IDO1 expression and enzyme activity, and the discovery of enzyme inhibitors. Major advances in understanding the roles of IDO1 in physiology and disease have also been realised. IDO1 is recognised as a prominent immune regulatory enzyme capable of modulating immune cell activation status and phenotype via several molecular mechanisms including enzyme-dependent deprivation of L-Trp and its conversion into the aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand kynurenine and other bioactive kynurenine pathway metabolites, or non-enzymatic cell signalling actions involving tyrosine phosphorylation of IDO1. Through these different modes of biochemical signalling, IDO1 regulates certain physiological functions (e.g. pregnancy) and modulates the pathogenesis and severity of diverse conditions including chronic inflammation, infectious disease, allergic and autoimmune disorders, transplantation, neuropathology and cancer. In the present review, we detail the current understanding of IDO1’s catalytic actions and the biochemical mechanisms regulating IDO1 expression and activity. We also discuss the biological functions of IDO1 with a focus on the enzyme's immune-modulatory function, its medical implications in diverse pathological settings and its utility as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
The incidence of allergic diseases is increasing, both in developed and developing countries, concomitantly with the rise in living standards and the adoption of a 'western lifestyle'. For two decades, the hygiene hypothesis - which proposes that the lack of early childhood exposure to infectious agents increases susceptibility to allergic diseases in later life - provided the conceptual framework for unravelling the mechanisms that could account for the increased incidence of allergic diseases. In this Review, we discuss recent evidence that highlights the role of diet as a key factor influencing immune homeostasis and the development of allergic diseases through a complex interplay between nutrients, their metabolites and immune cell populations. Although further investigations are still required to understand these complex relationships, recent data have established a possible connection between metabolic homeostasis and allergic diseases.
Collapse
|
31
|
Polyzos KA, Ovchinnikova O, Berg M, Baumgartner R, Agardh H, Pirault J, Gisterå A, Assinger A, Laguna-Fernandez A, Bäck M, Hansson GK, Ketelhuth DFJ. Inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase promotes vascular inflammation and increases atherosclerosis in Apoe-/- mice. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:295-302. [PMID: 25750192 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is initiated by the retention and accumulation of low-density lipoprotein in the artery, leading to maladaptive response of cells from the immune system and vessel wall. Strong evidence implicates indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan (Trp) degradation, with immune regulation and anti-inflammatory mechanisms in different diseases. However, the role of IDO and the endogenous degradation of Trp have never been directly examined in atherosclerosis development. We used the IDO inhibitor 1-methyl-Trp (1-MT) to determine the role of IDO-mediated Trp metabolism in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Apoe(-/-) mice were treated with 1-MT in drinking water for 8 weeks. Systemic IDO inhibition led to a significant increase in atherosclerotic lesions that were ∼58 and 54% larger in the aortic arch and root, respectively. 1-MT treatment enhanced vascular inflammation, up-regulated VCAM-1 and CCL2, and increased CD68 macrophage accumulation into the plaque. Notably, the rise in VCAM-1 expression was not limited to the plaque but also found in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the tunica media. Furthermore, we found that IDO-dependent Trp metabolism by SMCs regulates VCAM-1 expression, and that 1-MT-induced acceleration of atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation can be reversed by exogenous administration of the Trp metabolite 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA). CONCLUSION IDO-mediated Trp metabolism regulates vascular inflammation and plaque formation in hypercholesterolaemic Apoe(-/-) mice. Our data establish that this pathway plays a major role in the pathological process of atherogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos A Polyzos
- Department of Medicine, Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - Olga Ovchinnikova
- Department of Medicine, Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - Martin Berg
- Department of Medicine, Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - Roland Baumgartner
- Department of Medicine, Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - Hanna Agardh
- Department of Medicine, Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - John Pirault
- Department of Medicine, Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - Anton Gisterå
- Department of Medicine, Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - Alice Assinger
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andres Laguna-Fernandez
- Department of Medicine, Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - Magnus Bäck
- Department of Medicine, Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - Göran K Hansson
- Department of Medicine, Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - Daniel F J Ketelhuth
- Department of Medicine, Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kawasaki H, Chang HW, Tseng HC, Hsu SC, Yang SJ, Hung CH, Zhou Y, Huang SK. A tryptophan metabolite, kynurenine, promotes mast cell activation through aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Allergy 2014; 69:445-52. [PMID: 24397465 DOI: 10.1111/all.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tryptophan metabolites have been suggested to play a role in immune modulation, wherein those have recently been shown to be endogenous ligands of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR; a unique cellular chemical sensor). However, the involvement of tryptophan metabolites and AhR in modulating mast cell function remains to be fully defined. We therefore investigated that the functional impacts of tryptophan metabolites on human and mouse mast cell responses in vitro and their functional importance in vivo. METHODS Three tryptophan metabolites, kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KA) and quinolinic acid (QA), were examined in terms of their effect on IgE-mediated responses in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) and in human peripheral blood-derived cultured mast cells (HCMCs) and on in vivo anaphylactic responses. For evaluation of AhR involvement, we examined the responses of mast cells from AhR-null or AhR-wild-type mice with the use of a known AhR antagonist, CH223191. RESULTS Kynurenine, but not KA and QA, enhanced IgE-mediated responses, including degranulation, LTC4 release, and IL-13 production in BMMCs through the activation of PLCγ1, Akt, MAPK p38, and the increase of intracellular calcium. KYN also enhanced cutaneous anaphylaxis in vivo. These enhancing effects of KYN were not observed in AhR-deficient BMMCs and could be inhibited by CH223191 in BMMCs. Further, KYN had similar enhancing effects on HCMCs, which were inhibited by CH223191. CONCLUSION The AhR-KYN axis is potentially important in modulating mast cell responses and represents an example of AhR's critical involvement in the regulation of allergic responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. Kawasaki
- National Health Research Institutes; Zhu-Nan Taiwan
| | - H.-W. Chang
- National Health Research Institutes; Zhu-Nan Taiwan
| | - H.-C. Tseng
- National Health Research Institutes; Zhu-Nan Taiwan
| | - S.-C. Hsu
- National Health Research Institutes; Zhu-Nan Taiwan
| | - S.-J. Yang
- National Health Research Institutes; Zhu-Nan Taiwan
| | - C.-H. Hung
- Department of Pediatrics; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Y. Zhou
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - S.-K. Huang
- National Health Research Institutes; Zhu-Nan Taiwan
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hou W, Huang G, Cao X, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Li Y. Suppression of experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis by tryptophan. J Nephrol 2014; 27:19-28. [PMID: 24519862 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-013-0020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO), a heme-containing dioxygenase, can catalyze tryptophan degradation and produce a local microenvironment with tryptophan depletion and tryptophan metabolites accumulation, which may suppress T cell-mediated immunity and play an important immunosuppressive role in many diseases. Previous studies suggested that tryptophan depletion is an important immunosuppressive mechanism of IDO, while recent evidence shows that tryptophan metabolites may also be useful for inducing the T cell immune tolerance. However, it remains unclear whether tryptophan catabolites play a protective role in anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) glomerulonephritis (GN), which is a type 1 T-helper (Th1)-mediated autoimmune disease. METHODS We examined the effect of tryptophan catabolites, 3-hydroxykynurenine acid and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, on renal injury in experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis (EAG) of Wistar-Kyoto rats and explored their protective mechanism. RESULTS Treatment by either 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid or 3-hydroxykynurenic acid attenuated the kidney disease of EAG rats, with decreased glomerular histological injury and inflammatory cell infiltration, lightened urinary protein, and improved renal function compared to phosphate buffered saline-treated EAG rats. This was associated with significantly increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation of splenic activated T cells in vivo, inducing the deviation of cytokines of antigen-special T cells from Th1 to Th2. CONCLUSIONS Tryptophan metabolites play an important immunosuppressive role in the development of anti-GBM GN and might offer a new strategy for treating this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Hou
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, PLA, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, Chongqing, China,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ling W, Zhang J, Yuan Z, Ren G, Zhang L, Chen X, Rabson AB, Roberts AI, Wang Y, Shi Y. Mesenchymal stem cells use IDO to regulate immunity in tumor microenvironment. Cancer Res 2014; 74:1576-87. [PMID: 24452999 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are present in most, if not all, tissues and are believed to contribute to tissue regeneration and the tissue immune microenvironment. Murine MSCs exert immunosuppressive effects through production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), whereas human MSCs use indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Thus, studies of MSC-mediated immunomodulation in mice may not be informative in the setting of human disease, although this critical difference has been mainly ignored. To address this issue, we established a novel humanized system to model human MSCs, using murine iNOS(-/-) MSCs that constitutively or inducibly express an ectopic human IDO gene. In this system, inducible IDO expression is driven by a mouse iNOS promoter that can be activated by inflammatory cytokine stimulation in a similar fashion as the human IDO promoter. These IDO-expressing humanized MSCs (MSC-IDO) were capable of suppressing T-lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. In melanoma and lymphoma tumor models, MSC-IDO promoted tumor growth in vivo, an effect that was reversed by the IDO inhibitor 1-methyl-tryptophan. We found that MSC-IDO dramatically reduced both tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) T cells and B cells. Our findings offer an important new line of evidence that interventional targeting of IDO activity could be used to restore tumor immunity in humans, by relieving IDO-mediated immune suppression of MSCs in the tumor microenvironment as well as in tumor cells themselves.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Humans
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/immunology
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/immunology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/genetics
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/immunology
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/immunology
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weifang Ling
- Authors' Affiliations: Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ching JCH, Lobanova L, Loewen ME. Secreted hCLCA1 is a signaling molecule that activates airway macrophages. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83130. [PMID: 24349445 PMCID: PMC3861482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The CLCA gene family produces both secreted and membrane-associated proteins that modulate ion-channel function, drive mucus production and have a poorly understood pleiotropic effect on airway inflammation. The primary up-regulated human CLCA ortholog in airway inflammation is hCLCA1. Here we show that this protein can activate airway macrophages, inducing them to express cytokines and to undertake a pivotal role in airway inflammation. In a U-937 airway macrophage-monocyte cell line, conditioned media from HEK 293 cells heterologously expressing hCLCA1 (with or without fetal bovine serum) increased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-8). This effect was independent of the metalloprotease domain of hCLCA1. Primary porcine alveolar macrophages were similarly activated, demonstrating the effect was not cell line dependent. Similarly, immuno-purified hCLCA1 at physiologically relevant concentration of ~100 pg/mL was able to activate macrophages and induce pro-inflammatory response. This cytokine response increased with higher concentration of immuno-purified hCLCA1. These findings demonstrate the ability of hCLCA1 to function as a signaling molecule and activate macrophages, central regulators of airway inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John C. H. Ching
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Liubov Lobanova
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Matthew E. Loewen
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
van der Sluijs KF, van de Pol MA, Kulik W, Dijkhuis A, Smids BS, van Eijk HW, Karlas JA, Molenkamp R, Wolthers KC, Johnston SL, van der Zee JS, Sterk PJ, Lutter R. Systemic tryptophan and kynurenine catabolite levels relate to severity of rhinovirus-induced asthma exacerbation: a prospective study with a parallel-group design. Thorax 2013; 68:1122-30. [PMID: 23882022 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-203728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with allergic asthma have exacerbations which are frequently caused by rhinovirus infection. The antiviral tryptophan-catabolising enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is induced by interferon-γ and suppressed by Th2 mediators interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13. We hypothesised that local IDO activity after viral airway infection is lower in patients with allergic asthma than in healthy controls. OBJECTIVE To determine whether IDO activity differs between patients with allergic asthma and healthy individuals before and after rhinovirus infection. METHODS Healthy individuals and patients with allergic asthma were experimentally infected with low-dose (10 TCID50) rhinovirus 16. Blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and exhaled breath condensate (for mass spectrometry by UPLC-MS/MS) were obtained before and after rhinovirus challenge. RESULTS IDO activity was not induced by rhinovirus infection in either group, despite increases in cold scores. However, baseline pulmonary IDO activity was lower in patients with allergic asthma than in healthy individuals. In contrast, systemic tryptophan and its catabolites were markedly higher in patients with allergic asthma. Moreover, systemic quinolinic acid and tryptophan were associated with eosinophil cationic protein (r=0.43 and r=0.78, respectively) and eosinophils (r=0.38 and r=0.58, respectively) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peak asthma symptom scores after rhinovirus challenge (r=0.53 and r=0.64, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Rhinovirus infection by itself induces no IDO activity, but the reduced pulmonary IDO activity in patients with allergic asthma at baseline may underlie a reduced control of viral infections. Notably, the enhanced systemic catabolism of tryptophan in patients with allergic asthma was strongly related to the outcome of rhinovirus challenge in asthma and may serve as a prognostic factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koenraad F van der Sluijs
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Maazi H, Shirinbak S, den Boef LE, Fallarino F, Volpi C, Nawijn MC, van Oosterhout AJM. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4-immunoglobulin G is a potent adjuvant for experimental allergen immunotherapy. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 172:113-20. [PMID: 23480191 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) is the only treatment for allergic diseases that targets allergen-specific T helper type 2 (Th2) cells, which are the cause of the disease. There is an unmet requirement for adjuvants that increase the clinical efficacy of SIT allowing application of lower doses of the allergen, thereby reducing the risk of anaphylactic reactions. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4-immunoglobulin (CTLA-4-Ig) has been shown to induce immunological tolerance in autoimmunity and allograft transplantation by blocking T cell co-stimulation and induction of the immunoregulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO). Previously, we showed that CTLA-4-Ig treatment at the time of allergen inhalation induced tolerance to subsequent allergen exposure in a mouse model of asthma. In this study, we test the hypothesis that CTLA-4-Ig acts as an adjuvant for experimental SIT. We evaluated the adjuvant effects of CTLA-4-Ig on SIT in a mouse model of ovalbumin-driven asthma. We used both wild-type and IDO-deficient mice to assess the role of IDO in the adjuvant effects of CTLA-4-Ig. Co-administration of CTLA-4-Ig strongly increased SIT-induced suppression of airway hyperreactivity (AHR), specific IgE in serum, airway eosinophilia and Th2 cytokine levels. Moreover, we found that CTLA-4-Ig, as an adjuvant for SIT, is equally effective in IDO-deficient and wild-type mice, demonstrating that the effect of CTLA-4-Ig is independent of IDO expression. We show that CTLA-4-Ig acts as a potent adjuvant to augment the therapeutic effects of SIT. As the adjuvant activity of CTLA-4-Ig is independent of IDO, we conclude that it acts by blocking CD28-mediated T cell co-stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Maazi
- Laboratory of Allergology and Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Maazi H, Shirinbak S, Willart M, Hammad HM, Cabanski M, Boon L, Ganesh V, Baru AM, Hansen G, Lambrecht BN, Sparwasser T, Nawijn MC, van Oosterhout AJM. Contribution of regulatory T cells to alleviation of experimental allergic asthma after specific immunotherapy. Clin Exp Allergy 2013; 42:1519-28. [PMID: 22994349 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) has been used since 1911, yet its mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. There is evidence indicating that CD4(+)FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are induced during SIT in allergic patients. However, the contribution of these cells to SIT has not been evaluated in vivo. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vivo contribution of (i) CD4(+) CD25(+) T cells during SIT and of (ii) SIT-generated inducible FOXP3(+) Treg cells during allergen exposure to SIT-mediated suppression of asthmatic manifestations. METHODS We used a mouse model of SIT based on the classical OVA-driven experimental asthma. Treg cells were quantified by flow cytometry 24 and 96 h post SIT treatment. We depleted CD4(+) CD25(+) T cells prior to SIT, and CD4(+)FOXP3(+) T cells prior to allergen challenges to study their contribution to the suppression of allergic manifestations by SIT treatment. RESULTS Our data show that depletion of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells at the time of SIT treatment reverses the suppression of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), but not of airway eosinophilia and specific IgE levels in serum. Interestingly, the number of CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) T cells is transiently increased after SIT in the spleen and blood, suggesting the generation of inducible and presumably allergen-specific Treg cells during treatment. Depletion of CD4(+)FOXP3(+) Treg cells after SIT treatment partially reverses the SIT-induced suppression of airway eosinophilia, but not of AHR and serum levels of specific IgE. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE We conclude that SIT-mediated tolerance induction towards AHR requires CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells at the time of allergen injections. In addition, SIT generates CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) T cells that contribute to the suppression of airway eosinophilia upon allergen challenges. Therefore, enhancing Treg cell number or their activity during and after SIT could be of clinical relevance to improve the therapeutic effects of SIT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Maazi
- Laboratory of Allergology & Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Paul L, Ueland PM, Selhub J. Mechanistic perspective on the relationship between pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and inflammation. Nutr Rev 2013; 71:239-44. [PMID: 23550784 DOI: 10.1111/nure.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of inflammatory disease conditions have been found to be associated with low levels of plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), the active form of vitamin B6 , without any indication of a lower dietary intake of vitamin B6 , excessive catabolism of the vitamin, or congenital defects in its metabolism. The present review was conducted to examine the existing literature in this regard. Current evidence suggests that the inverse association between plasma PLP and inflammation may be the result of mobilization of this coenzyme to the site of inflammation, for use by the PLP-dependent enzymes of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation, metabolism of the immunomodulatory sphingolipids, ceramide and sphingosine 1-phosphate, and for serine hydroxymethylase for immune cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ligi Paul
- JM USDA HNRC, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Murakami Y, Hoshi M, Imamura Y, Arioka Y, Yamamoto Y, Saito K. Remarkable role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and tryptophan metabolites in infectious diseases: potential role in macrophage-mediated inflammatory diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:391984. [PMID: 23476103 PMCID: PMC3588179 DOI: 10.1155/2013/391984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), the L-tryptophan-degrading enzyme, plays a key role in the immunomodulatory effects on several types of immune cells. Originally known for its regulatory function during pregnancy and chronic inflammation in tumorigenesis, the activity of IDO1 seems to modify the inflammatory state of infectious diseases. The pathophysiologic activity of L-tryptophan metabolites, kynurenines, is well recognized. Therefore, an understanding of the regulation of IDO1 and the subsequent biochemical reactions is essential for the design of therapeutic strategies in certain immune diseases. In this paper, current knowledge about the role of IDO1 and its metabolites during various infectious diseases is presented. Particularly, the regulation of type I interferons (IFNs) production via IDO1 in virus infection is discussed. This paper offers insights into new therapeutic strategies in the modulation of viral infection and several immune-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Murakami
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
McGaha TL, Huang L, Lemos H, Metz R, Mautino M, Prendergast GC, Mellor AL. Amino acid catabolism: a pivotal regulator of innate and adaptive immunity. Immunol Rev 2013; 249:135-57. [PMID: 22889220 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2012.01149.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced amino acid catabolism is a common response to inflammation, but the immunologic significance of altered amino acid consumption remains unclear. The finding that tryptophan catabolism helped maintain fetal tolerance during pregnancy provided novel insights into the significance of amino acid metabolism in controlling immunity. Recent advances in identifying molecular pathways that enhance amino acid catabolism and downstream mechanisms that affect immune cells in response to inflammatory cues support the notion that amino acid catabolism regulates innate and adaptive immune cells in pathologic settings. Cells expressing enzymes that degrade amino acids modulate antigen-presenting cell and lymphocyte functions and reveal critical roles for amino acid- and catabolite-sensing pathways in controlling gene expression, functions, and survival of immune cells. Basal amino acid catabolism may contribute to immune homeostasis that prevents autoimmunity, whereas elevated amino acid catalytic activity may reinforce immune suppression to promote tumorigenesis and persistence of some pathogens that cause chronic infections. For these reasons, there is considerable interest in generating novel drugs that inhibit or induce amino acid consumption and target downstream molecular pathways that control immunity. In this review, we summarize recent developments and highlight novel concepts and key outstanding questions in this active research field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L McGaha
- Immunotherapy Center, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zitron IM, Kamson DO, Kiousis S, Juhász C, Mittal S. In vivo metabolism of tryptophan in meningiomas is mediated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1. Cancer Biol Ther 2013; 14:333-9. [PMID: 23358471 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.23624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression and activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), the first and rate-limiting step of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism, can enable tumor cells to effectively evade the host's immune response. The potential role of this system was investigated in meningiomas. Surgical specimens from 22 patients with meningiomas were used for cellular, immunological and molecular techniques (immunofluorescence, western blotting, RT-PCR and biochemical assay of enzyme activity) to investigate the expression and activity of IDO. In addition, PET imaging was obtained preoperatively in 10 patients using the tracer α-[ ( 11) C]methyl-L-tryptophan (AMT) which interrogates the uptake and metabolism of tryptophan. Strong AMT accumulation was noted in all meningiomas by PET imaging indicating in vivo tryptophan uptake. Freshly-resected meningiomas expressed both LAT1, the tryptophan transporter system and IDO, demonstrating an active kynurenine pathway. Dissociated meningioma cells lost IDO expression. Following exposure to interferon-γ (IFNγ), IDO expression was reinduced and could be blocked by a selective IDO1 inhibitor. IDO activity may represent an element of local self-protection by meningiomas and could be targeted by emerging IDO1 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Zitron
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Van Scott MR, Chandler J, Olmstead S, Brown JM, Mannie M. Airway Anatomy, Physiology, and Inflammation. THE TOXICANT INDUCTION OF IRRITANT ASTHMA, RHINITIS, AND RELATED CONDITIONS 2013. [PMCID: PMC7122617 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-9044-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
44
|
Kolodziej L. An exploratory study of the interplay between decreased concentration of tryptophan, accumulation of kynurenines, and inflammatory arthritis. IUBMB Life 2012; 64:983-7. [PMID: 23124849 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan is an essential amino acid which influences a wide range of physiological processes, including mood, cognition, and immunity. In the autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the induction of tryptophan catabolism may help to diminish exacerbated immune responses. In this study, using collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1 mice which is an animal model of RA, the endogenous activity of the kynurenine pathway in the immune system was monitored before and after onset of the disease. An increased rate of the initiation of tryptophan catabolism via the kynurenine pathway throughout CIA has been observed. However, decreased tryptophan concentration in the lymph nodes from pre-arthritic mice was not enough to prevent development of CIA. In contrast, resolution of inflammation coincided with the decreased concentration of tryptophan and accumulation of its catabolites: kynurenine, anthranilic acid, and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid in lymph nodes but not in the spleen. In addition, the lack of the accumulation of kynurenine and its downstream metabolites in the pre-arthritic lymph nodes coincided with increased mRNA expression for genes involved in the catabolism of kynurenine (Kynureninase, kynurenine 3-monooxygenase, and 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4 dioxygenase). However, in the lymph nodes from mice with established CIA, mRNA expression for these genes was normalized. Hence, keeping in mind an exploratory character of the results, it can be postulated that an anti-inflammatory role of the kynurenine pathway reaches its full potential only when decreased concentration of tryptophan coincides with accumulation of kynurenines driven by metabolic regulation of gene expression on the kynurenine pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Kolodziej
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, Imperial College London, London W6 8LH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kofler H, Kurz K, Grander G, Fuchs D. Specific immunotherapy normalizes tryptophan concentrations in patients with allergic rhinitis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2012; 159:416-21. [PMID: 22846847 DOI: 10.1159/000338937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS An immune shift towards Th2-type immunity seems to be critical in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma and rhinitis. In a previous study, we found higher serum tryptophan concentrations in patients with seasonal tree or grass pollen rhinoconjunctivitis who underwent specific immunotherapy (SCIT) than in controls, and those with the highest levels at baseline responded less well to SCIT. In the present study, we examined whether 'booster immunotherapy' after cessation of SCIT had any influence on tryptophan metabolism during follow-up. METHODS Serum concentrations of tryptophan, kynurenine and neopterin were assayed in 19 patients (mean age: 26.2 years; 6 females) allergic to grass and/or tree pollen before and after they had received a booster immunotherapy with 4 injections of an allergoid vaccine (Pollinex Quattro; Bencard Vienna, Austria) over 8 ± 3 months outside the pollen season. RESULTS Serum tryptophan and kynurenine concentrations decreased after booster immunotherapy (mean ± SD, before immunotherapy: 81.1 ± 14.2 µmol/l, after immunotherapy: 61.4 ± 20.9 µmol/l and before immunotherapy: 2.25 ± 0.44, after immunotherapy: 1.69 ± 0.70 µmol/l, respectively; both p < 0.01); this was especially true in those responders who also tended to have lower baseline kynurenine concentrations as compared with nonresponders (p = 0.05). Finally, a correlation between changes in tryptophan metabolism and neopterin concentrations was observed after immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS The decrease in tryptophan and kynurenine concentrations following booster immunotherapy in hay fever patients strengthens the hypothesis that tryptophan metabolism might be involved in the course of allergic responses. However, it is still unclear whether the abnormal tryptophan metabolism in pollinosis patients is related to indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and/or to a specific cytokine background.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Kofler
- Allergy Outpatient Clinic, Hall, Austria
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bubnoff D, Bieber T. The indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) pathway controls allergy. Allergy 2012; 67:718-25. [PMID: 22519427 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02830.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of recent studies have demonstrated that the immunoregulatory pathway of tryptophan catabolism, initiated by the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), is a critical participant in allergic inflammation. Originally known for its regulatory function during pregnancy and during chronic inflammation in tumorigenesis and infection, the activity of IDO seems to positively modify the inflammatory state of atopy or allergy. The tryptophan degradation pathway is important for tolerance induction during systemic allergen immunotherapy. Here, we focus on recent findings that establish the IDO pathway as central to allergic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. Bubnoff
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Friedrich-Wilhelms-University; Bonn; Germany
| | - T. Bieber
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Friedrich-Wilhelms-University; Bonn; Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
An update on the role of human dendritic cells in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129:879-86. [PMID: 22385631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are without a doubt important key skin cells that connect information from the environment with the innate and adaptive immune system. Their function is decisive for the initiation and inhibition of immune responses, and therefore they play a central role for both the healthy and diseased states of the skin. The type, maturation stage, and function of DCs, as well as the micromilieu in which they are located and their contact with cellular partners in the surrounding area, are important cofactors that direct maintenance of immune homeostasis or breakout of inflammatory reactions in patients with chronic inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis. Thus better knowledge about the exact proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties of DCs in patients with atopic dermatitis and the disease-specific roles of DC subtypes would allow us to target these important immune cells with versatile functions for therapeutic purpose.
Collapse
|
48
|
Luukkainen A, Karjalainen J, Honkanen T, Lehtonen M, Paavonen T, Toppila-Salmi S. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression in patients with allergic rhinitis: a case-control study. Clin Transl Allergy 2011; 1:17. [PMID: 22410120 PMCID: PMC3299587 DOI: 10.1186/2045-7022-1-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a tryptophan catalyzing enzyme. It has been suggested that it has a role in lower airway allergic inflammations, but its role in allergic rhinitis has not been investigated. Objective Our aim was to evaluate the expression of IDO in the nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis patients allergic to birch pollen during peak exposure to birch pollen allergen and compare it to non-atopic patients. Methods IDO expression was immunohistochemically evaluated from nasal specimens obtained in- and off-season from otherwise healthy non-smoking volunteers both allergic to birch pollen (having mild or moderate allergic rhinoconjunctivitis) and non-allergic controls. Results: The IDO expression levels were low in healthy controls and remained low also in patients allergic to birch pollen. There were no differences in the expression of IDO in- and off-season in either healthy or allergic subjects. Conclusions There is a controversy in the role of IDO in upper and lower airways during allergic airway disease. It seems that IDO is associated to allergic inflammations of the lower airways, but does not have a local role in the nasal cavity at least in mild or moderate forms of allergic rhinitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Luukkainen
- Helsinki University Hospital, Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Prendergast GC, Chang MY, Mandik-Nayak L, Metz R, Muller AJ. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase as a modifier of pathogenic inflammation in cancer and other inflammation-associated diseases. Curr Med Chem 2011; 18:2257-62. [PMID: 21517753 DOI: 10.2174/092986711795656072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation underlies the basis for development and progression of cancers and a variety of other disorders, but what specifically defines its pathogenic nature remains largely undefined. Recent genetic and pharmacological studies in the mouse suggest that the immune modulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), identified as an important mediator of immune escape in cancer, can also contribute to the development of pathology in the context of chronic inflammatory models of arthritis and allergic airway disease. IDO-deficient mice do not display spontaneous disorders of classical inflammation and small molecule inhibitors of IDO do not elicit generalized inflammatory reactions. Rather, in the context of a classical model of skin cancer that is promoted by chronic inflammation, or in models of inflammation-associated arthritis and allergic airway disease, IDO impairment can alleviate disease severity. Here we offer a survey of preclinical literature suggesting that IDO functions as a modifier of inflammatory states rather than simply as a suppressor of immune function. We propose that IDO induction in a chronically inflamed tissue may shape the inflammatory state to support, or in some cases retard, pathogenesis and disease severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G C Prendergast
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Shin JH, Kim BG, Kim SW, Cho JH, Park YJ, Kim SW. Immunomodulatory role of histamine H2 receptor in allergen-specific immunotherapy: a mouse model of allergic rhinitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011; 144:500-5. [PMID: 21493224 DOI: 10.1177/0194599810392154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of HR2 on allergen-specific immunotherapy in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis. STUDY DESIGN An in vivo study using an animal model. SETTING Catholic Research Institutes of Medical Science. METHODS Fifty mice were divided into 5 groups: control, allergic rhinitis (AR), immunotherapy (IT), immunotherapy with HR2 agonist (HI), and immunotherapy with HR2 antagonist (HB). All mice except for the control group were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA). After 1 week, mice in the IT, HI, and HB groups underwent immunotherapy by intradermal injections of OVA. During immunotherapy, the HI group was injected with HR2 agonist, whereas the HB group was injected with HR2 antagonist. All sensitized mice were challenged with intranasal OVA. After the final challenge, allergic behavior was evaluated. Interleukin (IL)-13, interferon-γ, IL-10, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β levels in nasal lavage fluid (NALF), as well as OVA-specific IgE levels in serum, were measured. The number of eosinophils in lamina propria was evaluated. RESULTS The levels of serum OVA-specific IgE and IL-13 in NALF were significantly increased in the HB group compared with the IT group (P < .05). Also, the tissue eosinophil counts were higher in the HB group than in the IT group (P < .05). CONCLUSION HR2 antagonist impaired OVA-specific immunotherapy in mice. Although confirmation of this preliminary result is needed, these findings suggest that HR2 receptors may have inhibitory effects on immune tolerance. The authors suggest that application of this property could enhance the efficiency of allergen-specific immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyeon Shin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|