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Ptaschinski C, Gibbs BF. Early-life risk factors which govern pro-allergic immunity. Semin Immunopathol 2024; 46:9. [PMID: 39066790 PMCID: PMC11283399 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-024-01020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Allergic diseases affect up to 40% of the global population with a substantial rise in food allergies, in particular, over the past decades. For the majority of individuals with allergy fundamental programming of a pro-allergic immune system largely occurs in early childhood where it is crucially governed by prenatal genetic and environmental factors, including their interactions. These factors include several genetic aberrations, such as filaggrin loss-of-function mutations, early exposure to respiratory syncytial virus, and various chemicals such as plasticizers, as well as the influence of the gut microbiome and numerous lifestyle circumstances. The effects of such a wide range of factors on allergic responses to an array of potential allergens is complex and the severity of these responses in a clinical setting are subsequently not easy to predict at the present time. However, some parameters which condition a pro-allergic immune response, including severe anaphylaxis, are becoming clearer. This review summarises what we currently know, and don't know, about the factors which influence developing pro-allergic immunity particularly during the early-life perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Ptaschinski
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Bernhard F Gibbs
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, North Holmes Road, Canterbury, Kent, CT1 1QU, UK.
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Ait Bamai Y, Miyashita C, Ikeda A, Yamazaki K, Kobayashi S, Itoh S, Saijo Y, Ito Y, Yoshioka E, Sato Y, Kishi R, Kamijima M, Yamazaki S, Ohya Y, Yaegashi N, Hashimoto K, Mori C, Ito S, Yamagata Z, Inadera H, Nakayama T, Sobue T, Shima M, Nakamura H, Suganuma N, Kusuhara K, Katoh T. Prenatal risk factors of indoor environment and incidence of childhood eczema in the Japan Environment and Children's Study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118871. [PMID: 38582425 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The quality of indoor environment is a risk factor for early childhood eczema and atopic dermatitis; however, its influence during pregnancy on childhood eczema in Japan has not been investigated. In this study, we aimed to determine the indoor environmental factors that are associated with eczema in children up to 3 years of age, using national birth cohort data from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS). Information on indoor environments and eczema symptoms until 3 years of age was collected using self-administered questionnaires to the mothers. A total of 71,883 and 58,639 mother-child pairs at 1.5- and 3-years-old, respectively, were included in the former analyses. To account for prenatal indoor risk factors, 17,568 (1.5-years-old) and 7063 (3-years-old) children without indoor mold and/or ETS exposure were included in the final analysis. A higher mold index, gas heater use, parquet flooring use, and frequent insecticide use showed significantly increased risks for childhood eczema up to 3 years of age. These associations were consistent after stratification analysis among children whose parents did not have a history of allergies. The updated WHO guidelines on indoor air quality should be implemented based on recent findings regarding the effects of prenatal exposure to indoor dampness on health effects of children further in life, including asthma, respiratory effects, eczema, and other immunological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ait Bamai
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan.
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Atsuko Ikeda
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan; Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamazaki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Sumitaka Kobayashi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan; Division of Epidemiological Research for Chemical Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Sachiko Itoh
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Saijo
- Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Ito
- Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Hokkaido College of Nursing, Japan
| | - Eiji Yoshioka
- Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sato
- Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan.
| | | | - Shin Yamazaki
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ohya
- National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Koichi Kusuhara
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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Sitarik AR, Wegienka G, Johnson CC, Joseph CLM. Impact of Spirometry Race-Correction on Preadolescent Black and White Children. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:3097-3106. [PMID: 37301437 PMCID: PMC10592501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Race-correction for Black patients is standard practice in spirometry testing. History suggests that these corrections are at least partially a result of racist assumptions regarding lung anatomy among Black individuals, which can potentially lead to less frequent diagnoses of pulmonary diseases in this population. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of race-correction in spirometry testing among Black and White preadolescents, and examine the frequency of current asthma symptoms in Black children who were differentially classified depending on whether race-corrected or race-uncorrected reference equations were deployed. METHODS Data from Black and White children who completed a clinical examination at age 10 years from a Detroit-based unselected birth cohort were analyzed. Global Lung Initiative 2012 reference equations were applied to spirometry data using both race-corrected and race-uncorrected (ie, population-average) equations. Abnormal results were defined as values less than the fifth percentile. Asthma symptoms were assessed concurrently using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire, while asthma control was assessed using the Asthma Control Test. RESULTS The impact of race-correction on forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity ratio was minimal, but abnormal classification of FEV1 results more than doubled among Black children when race-uncorrected equations were used (7% vs 18.1%) and were almost 8 times greater based on forced vital capacity classification (1.5% vs 11.4%). More than half of Black children differentially classified on FEV1 (whose FEV1 was classified as normal with race-corrected equations but abnormal with race-uncorrected equations) experienced asthma symptoms in the past 12 months (52.6%), which was significantly higher than the percentage of Black children consistently classified as normal (35.5%, P = .049), but similar to that of Black children consistently classified as abnormal using both race-corrected and race-uncorrected equations (62.5%, P = .60). Asthma Control Test scores were not different based on classification. CONCLUSIONS Race-correction had an extensive impact on spirometry classification in Black children, and differentially classified children had a higher rate of asthma symptoms than children consistently classified as normal. Spirometry reference equations should be reevaluated to be aligned with current scientific perspectives on the use of race in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ganesa Wegienka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Mich
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Steininger H, Moltzau-Anderson J, Lynch SV. Contributions of the early-life microbiome to childhood atopy and asthma development. Semin Immunol 2023; 69:101795. [PMID: 37379671 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The rapid rise in atopy and asthma in industrialized nations has led to the identification of early life environmental factors that promote these conditions and spurred research into how such exposures may mediate the trajectory to childhood disease development. Over the past decade, the human microbiome has emerged as a key determinant of human health. This is largely due to the increasing appreciation for the myriad of non-mutually exclusive mechanisms by which microbes tune and train host immunity. Microbiomes, particularly those in early life, are shaped by extrinsic and intrinsic factors, including many of the exposures known to influence allergy and asthma risk. This has led to the over-arching hypothesis that such exposures mediate their effect on childhood atopy and asthma by altering the functions and metabolic productivity of microbiomes that shape immune function during this critical developmental period. The capacity to study microbiomes at the genetic and molecular level in humans from the pre-natal period into childhood with well-defined clinical outcomes, offers an unprecedented opportunity to identify early-life and inter-generational determinants of atopy and asthma outcomes. Moreover, such studies provide an integrative microbiome research framework that can be applied to other chronic inflammatory conditions. This review attempts to capture key studies in the field that offer insights into the developmental origins of childhood atopy and asthma, providing novel insights into microbial mediators of maladaptive immunity and chronic inflammatory disease in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Steininger
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Jacqueline Moltzau-Anderson
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Susan V Lynch
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
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Panzer AR, Sitarik AR, Fadrosh D, Havstad SL, Jones K, Davidson B, Finazzo S, Wegienka GR, Woodcroft K, Lukacs NW, Levin AM, Ownby DR, Johnson CC, Lynch SV, Zoratti EM. The impact of prenatal dog keeping on infant gut microbiota development. Clin Exp Allergy 2023; 53:833-845. [PMID: 36916778 PMCID: PMC11163251 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prenatal and early-life dog exposure has been linked to reduced childhood allergy and asthma. A potential mechanism includes altered early immune development in response to changes in the gut microbiome among dog-exposed infants. We thus sought to determine whether infants born into homes with indoor dog(s) exhibit altered gut microbiome development. METHODS Pregnant women living in homes with dogs or in pet-free homes were recruited in southeast Michigan. Infant stool samples were collected at intervals between 1 week and 18 months after birth and microbiome was assessed using 16S ribosomal sequencing. Perinatal maternal vaginal/rectal swabs and stool samples were sequenced from a limited number of mothers. Mixed effect adjusted models were used to assess stool microbial community trajectories comparing infants from dog-keeping versus pet-free homes with adjustment for relevant covariates. RESULTS Infant gut microbial composition among vaginally born babies became less similar to the maternal vaginal/rectal microbiota and more similar to the maternal gut microbiota with age-related accumulation of bacterial species with advancing age. Stool samples from dog-exposed infants were microbially more diverse (p = .041) through age 18 months with enhanced diversity most apparent between 3 and 6 months of age. Statistically significant effects of dog exposure on β-diversity metrics were restricted to formula-fed children. Across the sample collection period, dog exposure was associated with Fusobacterium genera enrichment, as well as enrichment of Collinsella, Ruminococcus, Clostridaceae and Lachnospiraceae OTUs. CONCLUSION Prenatal/early-life dog exposure is associated with an altered gut microbiome during infancy and supports a potential mechanism explaining lessened atopy and asthma risk. Further research directly linking specific dog-attributable changes in the infant gut microbiome to the risk of allergic disorders is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane R Panzer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alexandra R Sitarik
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Doug Fadrosh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Suzanne L Havstad
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Kyra Jones
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Brent Davidson
- Department of Women's Health, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Salvatore Finazzo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henry Ford Wyandotte Hospital, Wyandotte, Michigan, USA
| | - Ganesa R Wegienka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Kimberley Woodcroft
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicholas W Lukacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Albert M Levin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Center for Bioinformatics, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Dennis R Ownby
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christine C Johnson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Susan V Lynch
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Edward M Zoratti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Sitarik AR, Johnson CC, Levin AM, Lynch SV, Ownby DR, Rundle AG, Straughen JK, Wegienka G, Woodcroft KJ, Cassidy-Bushrow AE. Progression of C-reactive protein from birth through preadolescence varies by mode of delivery. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1155852. [PMID: 37388285 PMCID: PMC10304017 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1155852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Delivery via caesarean section (C-section) has been associated with an increased risk of childhood chronic diseases such as obesity and asthma, which may be due to underlying systemic inflammation. However, the impact of specific C-section types may be differential, as emergency C-sections typically involve partial labor and/or membrane rupture. Our objectives were to determine if mode of delivery associates with longitudinal profiles of high sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) -a marker of systemic inflammation-from birth through preadolescence, and to examine if CRP mediates the association between mode of delivery and preadolescent body mass index (BMI). Methods Data from the WHEALS birth cohort (N = 1,258) were analyzed; 564 of the 1,258 children in the cohort had data available for analysis. Longitudinal plasma samples (birth through 10-years of age) from 564 children from were assayed for hs-CRP levels. Maternal medical records were abstracted to obtain mode of delivery. Growth mixture models (GMMs) were used to determine classes of hs-CRP trajectories. Poisson regression with robust error variance was used to calculate risk ratios (RRs). Results Two hs-CRP trajectory classes were identified: class 1 (76% of children) was characterized by low hs-CRP, while class 2 (24% of children) was characterized by high and steadily increasing hs-CRP. In multivariable models, children delivered via planned C-section had 1.15 times higher risk of being in hs-CRP class 2, compared to vaginal deliveries (p = 0.028), while no association was found for unplanned C-section deliveries [RR (95% CI) = 0.96 (0.84, 1.09); p = 0.49]. Further, the effect of planned C-section on BMI z-score at age 10 was significantly mediated by hs-CRP class (percent mediated = 43.4%). Conclusions These findings suggest potentially beneficial effects of experiencing partial or full labor, leading to a lower trajectory of systemic inflammation throughout childhood and decreased BMI during preadolescence. These findings may have implications for chronic disease development later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R. Sitarik
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Christine C. Johnson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Albert M. Levin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Susan V. Lynch
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Dennis R. Ownby
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Andrew G. Rundle
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Ganesa Wegienka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, United States
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7
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Cassidy-Bushrow AE, Sitarik AR, Johnson CC, Johnson-Hooper TM, Kassem Z, Levin AM, Lynch SV, Ownby DR, Phillips JM, Yong GJM, Wegienka G, Straughen JK. Early-life gut microbiota and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in preadolescents. Pediatr Res 2023; 93:2051-2060. [PMID: 35440767 PMCID: PMC9582043 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota maturation coincides with nervous system development. Cross-sectional data suggest gut microbiota of individuals with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) differs. We hypothesized that infant gut microbiota composition is associated with later ADHD development in our on-going birth cohort study, WHEALS. METHODS Gut microbiota was profiled using 16S ribosomal RNA and the internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2) sequencing in stool samples from 1 month and 6 months of age. ADHD was defined by parent-reported or medical record doctor diagnosis at age 10. RESULTS A total of 314 children had gut microbiota and ADHD data; 59 (18.8%) had ADHD. After covariate adjustment, bacterial phylogenetic diversity (p = 0.017) and bacterial composition (unweighted UniFrac p = 0.006, R2 = 0.9%) at age 6 months were associated with development of ADHD. At 1 month of age, 18 bacterial and 3 fungal OTUs were associated with ADHD development. At 6 months of age, 51 bacterial OTUs were associated with ADHD; 14 of the order Lactobacillales. Three fungal OTUs at 6 months of age were associated with ADHD development. CONCLUSIONS Infant gut microbiota is associated with ADHD development in pre-adolescents. Further studies replicating these findings and evaluating potential mechanisms of the association are needed. IMPACT Cross-sectional studies suggest that the gut microbiota of individuals with and without ADHD differs. We found evidence that the bacterial gut microbiota of infants at 1 month and 6 months of age is associated with ADHD at age 10 years. We also found novel evidence that the fungal gut microbiota in infancy (ages 1 month and 6 months) is associated with ADHD at age 10 years. This study addresses a gap in the literature in providing longitudinal evidence for an association of the infant gut microbiota with later ADHD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E Cassidy-Bushrow
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | | | - Christine Cole Johnson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
- Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tisa M Johnson-Hooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
- Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Zeinab Kassem
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Albert M Levin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Susan V Lynch
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dennis R Ownby
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jannel M Phillips
- Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health Services, Division of Neuropsychology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Germaine J M Yong
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ganesa Wegienka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
- Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer K Straughen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
- Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Oken E, Bastain TM, Bornkamp N, Breton CV, Fry RC, Gold DR, Hivert MF, Howland S, Jackson DJ, Johnson CC, Jones K, Killingbeck M, O’Shea TM, Ortega M, Ownby D, Perera F, Rollins JV, Herbstman JB. When a birth cohort grows up: challenges and opportunities in longitudinal developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) research. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2023; 14:175-181. [PMID: 36408681 PMCID: PMC9998333 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174422000629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
High-quality evidence from prospective longitudinal studies in humans is essential to testing hypotheses related to the developmental origins of health and disease. In this paper, the authors draw upon their own experiences leading birth cohorts with longitudinal follow-up into adulthood to describe specific challenges and lessons learned. Challenges are substantial and grow over time. Long-term funding is essential for study operations and critical to retaining study staff, who develop relationships with participants and hold important institutional knowledge and technical skill sets. To maintain contact, we recommend that cohorts apply multiple strategies for tracking and obtain as much high-quality contact information as possible before the child's 18th birthday. To maximize engagement, we suggest that cohorts offer flexibility in visit timing, length, location, frequency, and type. Data collection may entail multiple modalities, even at a single collection timepoint, including measures that are self-reported, research-measured, and administrative with a mix of remote and in-person collection. Many topics highly relevant for adolescent and young adult health and well-being are considered to be private in nature, and their assessment requires sensitivity. To motivate ongoing participation, cohorts must work to understand participant barriers and motivators, share scientific findings, and provide appropriate compensation for participation. It is essential for cohorts to strive for broad representation including individuals from higher risk populations, not only among the participants but also the staff. Successful longitudinal follow-up of a study population ultimately requires flexibility, adaptability, appropriate incentives, and opportunities for feedback from participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Theresa M. Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Bornkamp
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carrie V. Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca C. Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Diane R. Gold
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine; Environmental Health Department, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steve Howland
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J. Jackson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Kyra Jones
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - MollyAn Killingbeck
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T. Michael O’Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Marleny Ortega
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis Ownby
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Frederica Perera
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie V. Rollins
- Department of Pediatrics, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Julie B. Herbstman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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Rojas-Sánchez OA. [Are pets, dog or cat, a risk or a protector factor for the development or exacerbation of asthma? Systematic review of systematic reviews]. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) 2023; 22:104-112. [PMID: 36753134 DOI: 10.15446/rsap.v22n1.81323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preliminary studies have shown conflicting results on the association between exposure to pets (cat or dog) and asthma. Previous scientific evidence has not been clear to determine if avoiding or allowing the exposure to pets could prevent, improve, or worsen the development of asthma and its symptoms. OBJECTIVE To try to explain the controversial relationship between exposure to pets (dog or cat) and its effect on the development of asthma or the exacerbation of symptoms in both children and adults. METHODS A standardized search in five electronic databases by an independent reviewer was carried out. The final sample of studies included in the overview of systematic reviews was screened and synthesized through a master table. A narrative description of the results was made. RESULTS This systematic review of systematic found determined principally that having a cat could be a risk factor and having a dog a protective factor in the development of asthma. However, early exposure to both cats and dogs (before the age of two) reduces the probability of asthma symptoms and wheezing in the school years. Additionally, having antecedents of sensibilization to pets allergen could be a risk factor to exacerbate asthma in both children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Alberto Rojas-Sánchez
- OR: Enfermero. M. Sc. Epidemiología. Equipo Banco de Proyectos, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud. Bogotá, Colombia.
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Kloepfer KM, McCauley KE, Kirjavainen PV. The Microbiome as a Gateway to Prevention of Allergic Disease Development. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY: IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:2195-2204. [PMID: 35718258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases exclusively affect tissues that face environmental challenges and harbor endogenous bacterial microbiota. The microbes inhabiting the affected tissues may not be mere bystanders in this process but actively affect the risk of allergic sensitization, disease development, and exacerbation or abatement of symptoms. Experimental evidence provides several plausible means by which the human microbiota could influence the development of allergic diseases including, but not limited to, effects on antigen presentation and induction of tolerance and allergen permeation by endorsing or disrupting epithelial barrier integrity. Epidemiological evidence attests to the significance of age-appropriate, nonpathogenic microbiota development in skin, gastrointestinal tract, and airways for protection against allergic disease development. Thus, there exist potential targets for preventive actions either in the prenatal or postnatal period. These could include maternal dietary interventions, antibiotic stewardship for both the mother and infant, reducing elective cesarean deliveries, and understanding barriers to breastfeeding and timing of food diversification. In here, we will review the current understanding and evidence of allergy-associated human microbiota patterns, their role in the development of allergic diseases, and how we could harness these associations to our benefit against allergies.
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11
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Eapen AA, Ridley E, Sitarik AR, Joseph C, Nageotte C, Misiak R, Ownby D, Johnson C, Zoratti E, Kim H. Race is a modifier between parental allergy and food allergy in offspring. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13840. [PMID: 36003044 PMCID: PMC10278087 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Eapen
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Erica Ridley
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Alexandra R Sitarik
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Christine Joseph
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Christian Nageotte
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Rana Misiak
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Dennis Ownby
- Department of Pediatrics, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Christine Johnson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Edward Zoratti
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Haejin Kim
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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D’Accolti M, Soffritti I, Bini F, Mazziga E, Mazzacane S, Caselli E. Pathogen Control in the Built Environment: A Probiotic-Based System as a Remedy for the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020225. [PMID: 35208679 PMCID: PMC8876034 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The high and sometimes inappropriate use of disinfectants and antibiotics has led to alarming levels of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and to high water and hearth pollution, which today represent major threats for public health. Furthermore, the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has deeply influenced our sanitization habits, imposing the massive use of chemical disinfectants potentially exacerbating both concerns. Moreover, super-sanitation can profoundly influence the environmental microbiome, potentially resulting counterproductive when trying to stably eliminate pathogens. Instead, environmentally friendly procedures based on microbiome balance principles, similar to what applied to living organisms, may be more effective, and probiotic-based eco-friendly sanitation has been consistently reported to provide stable reduction of both pathogens and AMR in treated-environments, compared to chemical disinfectants. Here, we summarize the results of the studies performed in healthcare settings, suggesting that such an approach may be applied successfully also to non-healthcare environments, including the domestic ones, based on its effectiveness, safety, and negligible environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D’Accolti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.D.); (I.S.); (F.B.); (E.M.)
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 13, 44122 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Irene Soffritti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.D.); (I.S.); (F.B.); (E.M.)
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 13, 44122 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Francesca Bini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.D.); (I.S.); (F.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Eleonora Mazziga
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.D.); (I.S.); (F.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Sante Mazzacane
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 13, 44122 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Caselli
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.D.); (I.S.); (F.B.); (E.M.)
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 13, 44122 Ferrara, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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McCauley KE, DeMuri G, Lynch K, Fadrosh DW, Santee C, Nagalingam NN, Wald ER, Lynch SV. Moraxella-dominated pediatric nasopharyngeal microbiota associate with upper respiratory infection and sinusitis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261179. [PMID: 34962959 PMCID: PMC8714118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distinct bacterial upper airway microbiota structures have been described in pediatric populations, and relate to risk of respiratory viral infection and, exacerbations of asthma. We hypothesized that distinct nasopharyngeal (NP) microbiota structures exist in pediatric populations, relate to environmental exposures and modify risk of acute sinusitis or upper respiratory infection (URI) in children. METHODS Bacterial 16S rRNA profiles from nasopharyngeal swabs (n = 354) collected longitudinally over a one-year period from 58 children, aged four to seven years, were analyzed and correlated with environmental variables, URI, and sinusitis outcomes. RESULTS Variance in nasopharyngeal microbiota composition significantly related to clinical outcomes, participant characteristics and environmental exposures including dominant bacterial genus, season, daycare attendance and tobacco exposure. Four distinct nasopharyngeal microbiota structures (Cluster I-IV) were evident and differed with respect to URI and sinusitis outcomes. These clusters were characteristically either dominated by Moraxella with sparse underlying taxa (Cluster I), comprised of a non-dominated, diverse microbiota (Cluster II), dominated by Alloiococcus/Corynebacterium (Cluster III), or by Haemophilus (Cluster IV). Cluster I was associated with increased risk of URI and sinusitis (RR = 1.18, p = 0.046; RR = 1.25, p = 0.009, respectively) in the population studied. CONCLUSION In a pediatric population, URI and sinusitis associate with the presence of Moraxella-dominated NP microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. McCauley
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Gregory DeMuri
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Kole Lynch
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Douglas W. Fadrosh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Clark Santee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Nabeetha N. Nagalingam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Ellen R. Wald
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Susan V. Lynch
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
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Straughen JK, Sitarik AR, Johnson CC, Wegienka G, Ownby DR, Johnson-Hooper TM, Allo G, Levin AM, Cassidy-Bushrow AE. Prenatal IgE as a Risk Factor for the Development of Childhood Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:601092. [PMID: 34055677 PMCID: PMC8160239 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.601092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Few studies have examined if maternal allergic disease is associated with an offspring's neurodevelopment. We hypothesized that Th-2 biased maternal immune function assessed as total serum immunoglobulin (Ig) E is associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Data are from the Wayne County Health, Environment, Allergy, and Asthma Longitudinal Study (WHEALS), a racially and socioeconomically diverse birth cohort in metropolitan Detroit, Michigan. Maternal total IgE was measured prenatally and at 1-month postpartum. Child total IgE was assessed at birth, 6 months, and 2 years of age. ADHD diagnosis was based on the parental report at the 10-12-year study visits or medical chart abstraction. Total IgE was log2 transformed. Poisson regression models with robust error variance were used to calculate the risk ratios (RR). Inverse probability weighting was used to correct for potential bias due to a loss to follow-up and non-response. Results: Of the 636 maternal-child pairs in the analysis, 513 children were neurotypical and 123 had ADHD. Maternal prenatal total IgE was significantly associated with ADHD even after adjustment for potential confounders (RR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.03-1.13). Maternal and child IgE measures were positively and significantly correlated, but child total IgE was not associated with ADHD at any time point. Conclusions: Maternal prenatal IgE may influence neurodevelopment, but additional studies are needed to confirm and expand these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K. Straughen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Alexandra R. Sitarik
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | | | - Ganesa Wegienka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Dennis R. Ownby
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Tisa M. Johnson-Hooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
- Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Ghassan Allo
- Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Albert M. Levin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
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15
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Dalton KR, Ruble K, Redding LE, Morris DO, Mueller NT, Thorpe RJ, Agnew J, Carroll KC, Planet PJ, Rubenstein RC, Chen AR, Grice EA, Davis MF. Microbial Sharing between Pediatric Patients and Therapy Dogs during Hospital Animal-Assisted Intervention Programs. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1054. [PMID: 34068292 PMCID: PMC8153335 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial sharing between humans and animals has been demonstrated in a variety of settings. However, the extent of microbial sharing that occurs within the healthcare setting during animal-assisted intervention programs is unknown. Understanding microbial transmission between patients and therapy dogs can provide important insights into potential health benefits for patients, in addition to addressing concerns regarding potential pathogen transmission that limits program utilization. This study evaluated for potential microbial sharing between pediatric patients and therapy dogs and tested whether patient-dog contact level and a dog decolonization protocol modified this sharing. Patients, therapy dogs, and the hospital environment were sampled before and after every group therapy session and samples underwent 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize microbial communities. Both patients and dogs experienced changes in the relative abundance and overall diversity of their nasal microbiome, suggesting that the exchange of microorganisms had occurred. Increased contact was associated with greater sharing between patients and therapy dogs, as well as between patients. A topical chlorhexidine-based dog decolonization was associated with decreased microbial sharing between therapy dogs and patients but did not significantly affect sharing between patients. These data suggest that the therapy dog is both a potential source of and a vehicle for the transfer of microorganisms to patients but not necessarily the only source. The relative contribution of other potential sources (e.g., other patients, the hospital environment) should be further explored to determine their relative importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn R. Dalton
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (J.A.); (M.F.D.)
| | - Kathy Ruble
- Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (K.R.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Laurel E. Redding
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA;
| | - Daniel O. Morris
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Noel T. Mueller
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Roland J. Thorpe
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Jacqueline Agnew
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (J.A.); (M.F.D.)
| | - Karen C. Carroll
- Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Microbiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Paul J. Planet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Ronald C. Rubenstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Allen R. Chen
- Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (K.R.); (A.R.C.)
| | - Elizabeth A. Grice
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Meghan F. Davis
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (J.A.); (M.F.D.)
- Johns Hopkins Medicine, Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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16
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Eapen AA, Kim H. The Phenotype of the Food-Allergic Patient. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2021; 41:165-175. [PMID: 33863477 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Food allergy's increasing prevalence across the globe has initiated research into risk factors associated with the disease and coexistence with other allergic diseases. Longitudinal birth cohorts have identified food allergy phenotypes of patients based on genetic background, racial diversity, and environmental factors. Identifying food sensitization patterns and coexistence of other allergic diseases allows physicians to provide appropriate care for food allergy and personalized anticipatory guidance for the appearance of other allergic diseases. The authors seek to detail key findings of 4 longitudinal allergy birth cohorts that investigate food allergy and other allergic diseases to further characterize food allergy phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Eapen
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Henry Ford Health System, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Haejin Kim
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Henry Ford Health System, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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17
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Subramanian M, Wojtusciszyn A, Favre L, Boughorbel S, Shan J, Letaief KB, Pitteloud N, Chouchane L. Precision medicine in the era of artificial intelligence: implications in chronic disease management. J Transl Med 2020; 18:472. [PMID: 33298113 PMCID: PMC7725219 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant metabolism is the root cause of several serious health issues, creating a huge burden to health and leading to diminished life expectancy. A dysregulated metabolism induces the secretion of several molecules which in turn trigger the inflammatory pathway. Inflammation is the natural reaction of the immune system to a variety of stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, and harmful substances. Metabolically triggered inflammation, also called metaflammation or low-grade chronic inflammation, is the consequence of a synergic interaction between the host and the exposome-a combination of environmental drivers, including diet, lifestyle, pollutants and other factors throughout the life span of an individual. Various levels of chronic inflammation are associated with several lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes, obesity, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), cancers, cardiovascular disorders (CVDs), autoimmune diseases, and chronic lung diseases. Chronic diseases are a growing concern worldwide, placing a heavy burden on individuals, families, governments, and health-care systems. New strategies are needed to empower communities worldwide to prevent and treat these diseases. Precision medicine provides a model for the next generation of lifestyle modification. This will capitalize on the dynamic interaction between an individual's biology, lifestyle, behavior, and environment. The aim of precision medicine is to design and improve diagnosis, therapeutics and prognostication through the use of large complex datasets that incorporate individual gene, function, and environmental variations. The implementation of high-performance computing (HPC) and artificial intelligence (AI) can predict risks with greater accuracy based on available multidimensional clinical and biological datasets. AI-powered precision medicine provides clinicians with an opportunity to specifically tailor early interventions to each individual. In this article, we discuss the strengths and limitations of existing and evolving recent, data-driven technologies, such as AI, in preventing, treating and reversing lifestyle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugan Subramanian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.,Genetic Intelligence Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anne Wojtusciszyn
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Favre
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sabri Boughorbel
- Clinical Bioinformatics Section, Research Division, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jingxuan Shan
- Genetic Intelligence Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 45 E 69th Street, Suite 432, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Khaled B Letaief
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Nelly Pitteloud
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Lotfi Chouchane
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA. .,Genetic Intelligence Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar. .,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 45 E 69th Street, Suite 432, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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Sitarik AR, Arora M, Austin C, Bielak LF, Eggers S, Johnson CC, Lynch SV, Kyun Park S, Hank Wu KH, Yong GJM, Cassidy-Bushrow AE. Fetal and early postnatal lead exposure measured in teeth associates with infant gut microbiota. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 144:106062. [PMID: 32871381 PMCID: PMC7572588 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead (Pb) is an environmentally ubiquitous heavy metal associated with a wide range of adverse health effects in children. Both lead exposure and the early life microbiome- which plays a critical role in human development-have been linked to similar health outcomes, but it is unclear if the adverse effects of lead are partially driven by early life gut microbiota dysbiosis. The objective of this study was to examine the association between in utero and postnatal lead levels (measured in deciduous baby teeth) and early life bacterial and fungal gut microbiota in the first year of life. METHODS Data from the Wayne County Health, Environment, Allergy and Asthma Longitudinal Study (WHEALS) birth cohort were analyzed. Tooth lead levels during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters and postnatally (<1 year of age) were quantified using high-resolution microspatial mapping of dentin growth rings. Early life microbiota were measured in stool samples collected at approximately 1 and 6 months of age, using both 16S rRNA (bacterial) and ITS2 (fungal) sequencing. Of the 1,258 maternal-child pairs in WHEALS, 146 had data on both tooth metals and early life microbiome. RESULTS In utero tooth lead levels were significantly associated with gut fungal community composition at 1-month of age, where higher levels of 2nd trimester tooth lead was associated with lower abundances of Candida and Aspergillus and higher abundances of Malassezia and Saccharomyces; 3rd trimester lead was also associated with lower abundances of Candida. Though lead did not significantly associate with the overall structure of the infant gut bacterial community, it associated with the abundance of some specific bacterial taxa, including the increased abundance of Collinsella and Bilophila and a decreased abundance of Bacteroides taxa. CONCLUSIONS The observed associations between lead exposure and infant gut microbiota could play a role in the impact of lead on childhood development. Given the paucity of research examining these associations in humans-particularly for fungal microbiota-further investigation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R Sitarik
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, USA.
| | - Manish Arora
- Senator Frank R Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, USA.
| | - Christine Austin
- Senator Frank R Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, USA.
| | | | - Shoshannah Eggers
- Senator Frank R Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, USA.
| | - Christine C Johnson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, USA.
| | - Susan V Lynch
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
| | - Kuan-Han Hank Wu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, USA.
| | - Germaine J M Yong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
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Jiang J, Warren CM, Browning RL, Ciaccio CE, Gupta RS. Food allergy epidemiology and racial and/or ethnic differences. JOURNAL OF FOOD ALLERGY 2020; 2:11-16. [PMID: 39022135 PMCID: PMC11250643 DOI: 10.2500/jfa.2020.2.200028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated food allergy has become a growing public health concern. Converging evidence from cross-sectional prevalence studies, health care utilization records, and cohort studies indicate that food allergies are increasingly prevalent and often severe. Although IgE-mediated food allergy has long been considered a predominantly pediatric concern, analysis of recent self-reported data suggests that food allergies may be more prevalent among adult populations than previously acknowledged, with many reported cases of adult-onset allergies as well as persistent childhood-onset allergies. Results of studies also suggest that food allergy-related health care utilization is increasing as more individuals seek emergency treatment for food-induced anaphylaxis. Analysis of epidemiologic data also indicates that the burden of food allergies is unequally distributed. Published prevalence rates are highest in Western countries, e.g., the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Within these countries, there also is heterogeneity across racial and/or ethnic groups, with non-White and second-generation immigrant populations disproportionately affected. Importantly, such observations can shed light on the etiology of food allergy and inform improved clinical management, treatment, and prevention efforts. For example, there is a growing consensus that earlier introduction of allergenic foods, e.g., peanut, promotes oral tolerance and can dramatically reduce food allergy risk. In addition, much attention has been paid to the potentially deleterious effects of cutaneous allergen exposure, e.g., through eczematous skin, which can skew the immune response away from tolerance and toward allergic sensitization, thereby increasing food allergy risk. Furthermore, there is a growing appreciation for the potential protective effects of diverse microbial exposures, given mounting evidence for the immunomodulatory effects of the human microbiome. Also, when considering the geographic variability in the prevalence of certain food and environmental allergies as well as their structural similarities at the molecular level, it is believed that co-sensitization between food and environmental allergens may be a key driver of rising food allergy prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Jiang
- From the Center for Food Allergy and Asthma Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christopher M. Warren
- From the Center for Food Allergy and Asthma Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | | | - Ruchi S. Gupta
- From the Center for Food Allergy and Asthma Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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20
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Dog keeping at home before and during pregnancy decreased the risk of food allergy in 1-year-old children. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2020; 37:255-261. [PMID: 32489363 PMCID: PMC7262798 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2018.80584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The relationship between allergen exposure to animals in pregnancy and the development of allergic symptoms is not clear. Aim To evaluate the association between prenatal and postnatal exposure to pet ownership and development of atopic dermatitis, food allergy and wheezing in children at the age of 1 and 2. Material and methods The mother-child pairs included in this study were part of the Polish Mother and Child Cohort. Mothers in each trimester of pregnancy and 1 year after childbirth have completed a questionnaire on animal exposure. Children's health status was assessed at around one year and two years of age. Results Keeping a dog at home before and during pregnancy (every trimester) decreased the risk of food allergy in the first year of life. On the other hand, keeping any animal other than a dog (cat, hamster, guinea pig, rabbit) before pregnancy and during each trimester separately increased the risk of food allergy in the first year of life of children. Keeping a guinea pig in the first trimester of pregnancy increased the risk of wheezing in the first year of life. The analysis did not show any significant associations between keeping animals at home before and during pregnancy and the occurrence of atopic dermatitis in the second year of life. Conclusions Keeping a dog at home before and during pregnancy decreased the risk of food allergy in 1-year-old children. This effect was eliminated in case of having a cat, hamster, guinea pig, or rabbit.
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Martin VM, Virkud YV, Seay H, Hickey A, Ndahayo R, Rosow R, Southwick C, Elkort M, Gupta B, Kramer E, Pronchick T, Reuter S, Keet C, Su KW, Shreffler WG, Yuan Q. Prospective Assessment of Pediatrician-Diagnosed Food Protein-Induced Allergic Proctocolitis by Gross or Occult Blood. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2020; 8:1692-1699.e1. [PMID: 31917366 PMCID: PMC8403015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP) is an early and common manifestation of food allergy, yet its epidemiology and relationship to other allergic diseases remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To prospectively define the incidence of FPIAP as it is being diagnosed clinically in the community and to identify factors associated with its development. METHODS A total of 1003 of 1162 eligible serial healthy newborn infants recruited from a single suburban pediatrics practice were followed prospectively for the diagnosis of FPIAP. Investigators reviewed each case to confirm prespecified inclusion criteria, including documented gross or occult blood in the stool. RESULTS A total of 903 infants were analyzed (46% females, 89% term, 32% caesarian-section, 9% neonatal antibiotics); 153 cases met inclusion criteria, a cumulative incidence of 17%, while 63 (7%) had gross blood. Infants initially fed both breast milk and formula were 61% less likely to develop FPIAP compared with those exclusively formula-fed (hazard ratio, 0.39; P = .005). Breast milk and formula at any point during the first 4 months were also associated with lower risk compared with exclusive formula or exclusive breast milk (hazard ratio, 0.44; P = .005; hazard ratio, 0.62; P = .0497). Eczema (odds ratio, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.1- 2.2; P = .02) or a first-degree relative with food allergies (odds ratio, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-2.8; P = .005) were among risk factors for FPIAP development. CONCLUSIONS The prospectively defined incidence of FPIAP when diagnosed clinically by community pediatricians without challenge is markedly higher than published estimates. Combination feeding of formula and breast milk is associated with the lowest rate of FPIAP in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria M Martin
- Food Allergy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass; Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Food Allergy Science Initiative of the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass
| | - Yamini V Virkud
- Food Allergy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Food Allergy Science Initiative of the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass; Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Hannah Seay
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Alanna Hickey
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Renata Ndahayo
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Rachael Rosow
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Caroline Southwick
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Michael Elkort
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Pediatrics at Newton Wellesley, P.C., Newton, Mass
| | - Brinda Gupta
- Pediatrics at Newton Wellesley, P.C., Newton, Mass
| | | | | | - Susan Reuter
- Pediatrics at Newton Wellesley, P.C., Newton, Mass
| | - Corinne Keet
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, John's Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Kuan-Wen Su
- Food Allergy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wayne G Shreffler
- Food Allergy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Food Allergy Science Initiative of the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass; Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Qian Yuan
- Food Allergy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass; Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Food Allergy Science Initiative of the Broad Institute, Cambridge, Mass; Pediatrics at Newton Wellesley, P.C., Newton, Mass.
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Allergic sensitization does not differ between childhood- and adolescent-onset asthma in women. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:1437-1438.e5. [PMID: 32311392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Cassidy-Bushrow AE, Sitarik AR, Johnson-Hooper TM, Phillips JM, Jones K, Johnson CC, Straughen JK. Prenatal pet keeping and caregiver-reported attention deficit hyperactivity disorder through preadolescence in a United States birth cohort. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:390. [PMID: 31660906 PMCID: PMC6819335 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the keeping of pets has been shown to protect against childhood allergic disease and obesity, less is known regarding potential associations of prenatal pet keeping and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We sought to examine the associations between prenatal dog or cat keeping with caregiver-reported ADHD in preadolescents in the Wayne County Health, Environment, Allergy and Asthma Longitudinal Study (WHEALS) birth cohort (N = 1258). METHODS At an interview with the caregiver at child age 10-12 years, caregivers reported if the WHEALS child had ever been diagnosed with ADHD. Similarly, during an interview with the mother prenatally, pet keeping (defined as dog or cat kept inside ≥1 h/day) was ascertained. Logistic regression models were fit to examine the association of prenatal pet keeping (dog keeping and cat keeping, separately) with ADHD. RESULTS A subset of 627 children were included in the analyses: 93 who had ADHD and 534 with neurotypical development. After accounting for confounders and loss to follow-up, maternal prenatal dog exposure was associated with 2.23 times (95% CI: 1.15, 4.31; p = 0.017) greater odds of ADHD among boys. Prenatal dog keeping was not statistically significantly associated with ADHD in girls (odds ratio = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.06, 1.12; p = 0.070). Prenatal cat keeping was not associated with ADHD. CONCLUSIONS In boys, but not girls, maternal prenatal dog keeping was positively associated with ADHD. Further study to confirm these findings and to identify potential mechanisms of this association (e.g., modification of the gut microbiome, exposure to environmental toxicants or pet-related medications) is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E Cassidy-Bushrow
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, 1 Ford Place, 5C, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
- Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Alexandra R Sitarik
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, 1 Ford Place, 5C, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Tisa M Johnson-Hooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Jannel M Phillips
- Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health Services, Division of Neuropsychology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Kyra Jones
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, 1 Ford Place, 5C, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Christine Cole Johnson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, 1 Ford Place, 5C, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Jennifer K Straughen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, 1 Ford Place, 5C, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
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Elevated faecal 12,13-diHOME concentration in neonates at high risk for asthma is produced by gut bacteria and impedes immune tolerance. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:1851-1861. [PMID: 31332384 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0498-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Neonates at risk of childhood atopy and asthma exhibit perturbation of the gut microbiome, metabolic dysfunction and increased concentrations of 12,13-diHOME in their faeces. However, the mechanism, source and contribution of this lipid to allergic inflammation remain unknown. Here, we show that intra-abdominal treatment of mice with 12,13-diHOME increased pulmonary inflammation and decreased the number of regulatory T (Treg) cells in the lungs. Treatment of human dendritic cells with 12,13-diHOME altered expression of PPARγ-regulated genes and reduced anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion and the number of Treg cells in vitro. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing of neonatal faeces indicated that bacterial epoxide hydrolase (EH) genes are more abundant in the gut microbiome of neonates who develop atopy and/or asthma during childhood. Three of these bacterial EH genes (3EH) specifically produce 12,13-diHOME, and treatment of mice with bacterial strains expressing 3EH caused a decrease in the number of lung Treg cells in an allergen challenge model. In two small birth cohorts, an increase in the copy number of 3EH or the concentration of 12,13-diHOME in the faeces of neonates was found to be associated with an increased probability of developing atopy, eczema or asthma during childhood. Our data indicate that elevated 12,13-diHOME concentrations impede immune tolerance and may be produced by bacterial EHs in the neonatal gut, offering a mechanistic link between perturbation of the gut microbiome during early life and atopy and asthma during childhood.
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Cassidy-Bushrow AE, Wu KHH, Sitarik AR, Park SK, Bielak LF, Austin C, Gennings C, Curtin P, Johnson CC, Arora M. In utero metal exposures measured in deciduous teeth and birth outcomes in a racially-diverse urban cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 171:444-451. [PMID: 30735952 PMCID: PMC6402585 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of studies have examined associations of metal exposures with birth outcomes, however, results from these studies have been inconsistent, and hampered by methodological limitations. We measured direct fetal exposure to three metals (lead, manganese and zinc) during the second and third trimester and examined its association with birth weight and gestational age at delivery. Participants in the Wayne County Health, Environment, Allergy and Asthma Longitudinal Study (WHEALS), a population-based birth cohort established between September 2003 and December 2007, were invited to donate teeth to the study. Lead, manganese and zinc during the second and third trimesters were measured via high-resolution microspatial mapping of dentin growth rings, a validated biomarker for prenatal metal exposure. Gestational age at delivery and infant birth weight were obtained from the delivery medical record. A total of 145 children had tooth metal measurements and birth outcome data. Mean birth weight was 3431 ± 472 g and mean gestational age at delivery was 39.0 ± 1.3 weeks. Overall, there was a positive association between second (β = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.37, P = 0.01) and third trimester (β = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.37, P = 0.01) tooth manganese and birth weight Z-score; this remained statistically significant after covariate adjustment. There was also a negative association between second trimester tooth lead level and birth weight Z-score (β = -0.20, 95% CI: -0.38, -0.02, P = 0.02), however, this was attenuated after adjusting for covariates. Mixture analysis revealed similar findings. There was evidence for a sex-specific effect of manganese with birth weight Z-score, with the association stronger in female compared to male infants. Overall, we found evidence suggesting that higher in utero manganese is associated with larger birth weight Z-scores and that these associations may vary by infant sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E Cassidy-Bushrow
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, One Ford Place, Detroit, MI, USA; Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors (CURES), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Kuan-Han Hank Wu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, One Ford Place, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alexandra R Sitarik
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, One Ford Place, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christine Austin
- Senator Frank R Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Division of Environmental Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Chris Gennings
- Senator Frank R Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Division of Environmental Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Paul Curtin
- Senator Frank R Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Division of Environmental Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Christine Cole Johnson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, One Ford Place, Detroit, MI, USA; Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors (CURES), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Senator Frank R Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Division of Environmental Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA.
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Hou Q, Li S, Jiang C, Huang Y, Huang L, Ye J, Pan Z, Teng T, Wang Q, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Liu C, Li M, Mo Z, Yang X. The associations between maternal lifestyles and antenatal stress and anxiety in Chinese pregnant women: A cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10771. [PMID: 30018374 PMCID: PMC6050313 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28974-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the associations between maternal lifestyles and antenatal stress and anxiety. 1491 pregnant women were drawn from the Guangxi birth cohort study (GBCS). A base line questionnaire was used to collect demographic information and maternal lifestyles. The Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale (PSRS) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) were used to assess prenatal stress and anxiety, respectively. Regression analyses identified the relationship between maternal lifestyles and prenatal stress and anxiety: (1) Hours of phone use per day was positively correlated to prenatal stress and anxiety and increased with stress and anxiety levels (all P trend < 0.05). In addition, not having baby at home was positively correlated to prenatal stress. (2) Self-reported sleep quality was negative with prenatal stress and anxiety, and decreased with stress and anxiety levels (all P trend < 0.01). Moreover, not frequent cooking was negatively correlated to prenatal stress and having pets was negatively correlated to prenatal anxiety (P < 0.05). However, having pets was not correlated to prenatal stress (P > 0.05). Our results showed that adverse lifestyles increase the risk of antenatal stress and anxiety, a regular routine and a variety of enjoyable activities decreases the risk of prenatal stress and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhi Hou
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yaling Huang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lulu Huang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Juan Ye
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhijian Pan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Qinzhou, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Tao Teng
- Department of Antenatal care, the Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiuyan Wang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yonghua Jiang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chaoqun Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Mujun Li
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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Fonseca W, Lukacs NW, Ptaschinski C. Factors Affecting the Immunity to Respiratory Syncytial Virus: From Epigenetics to Microbiome. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29515570 PMCID: PMC5825926 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common pathogen that infects virtually all children by 2 years of age and is the leading cause of hospitalization of infants worldwide. While most children experience mild symptoms, some children progress to severe lower respiratory tract infection. Those children with severe disease have a much higher risk of developing childhood wheezing later in life. Many risk factors are known to result in exacerbated disease, including premature birth and early age of RSV infection, when the immune system is relatively immature. The development of the immune system before and after birth may be altered by several extrinsic and intrinsic factors that could lead to severe disease predisposition in children who do not exhibit any currently known risk factors. Recently, the role of the microbiome and the resulting metabolite profile has been an area of intense study in the development of lung disease, including viral infection and asthma. This review explores both known risk factors that can lead to severe RSV-induced disease as well as emerging topics in the development of immunity to RSV and the long-term consequences of severe infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Fonseca
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nicholas W Lukacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,University of Michigan, Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Catherine Ptaschinski
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,University of Michigan, Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Cassidy-Bushrow AE, Sitarik AR, Havstad S, Park SK, Bielak LF, Austin C, Johnson CC, Arora M. Burden of higher lead exposure in African-Americans starts in utero and persists into childhood. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 108:221-227. [PMID: 28886415 PMCID: PMC5623116 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent public health lead crises in urban areas emphasize the need to better understand exposure to environmental toxicants, particularly in higher risk groups. Although African-American children have the highest prevalence of elevated blood lead levels in the United States, little is known about when this trajectory of disproportionate burden of lead exposure first emerges. OBJECTIVES Using tooth-matrix biomarkers that directly measure fetal and early childhood metal levels, the primary goal of this study was to determine if there were racial disparities in lead levels during fetal development and early childhood. Manganese, an essential nutrient that modifies the neurotoxic effects of lead, was also measured. METHODS Pregnant women served by the Henry Ford Health System and living in a predefined geographic area in and around Detroit, Michigan, were recruited during the second trimester or later into the Wayne County Health, Environment, Allergy and Asthma Longitudinal Study (WHEALS), a population-based birth cohort. Offspring born between September 2003 and December 2007 were studied in childhood. Child race was parent-reported. Lead and manganese during the second and third trimesters, early postnatal life (birth through age 1year) and early childhood (age 1 through time of tooth shedding, which ranges from 6 to 12years) were measured via high-resolution microspatial mapping of dentin growth rings, a validated biomarker for prenatal and childhood metal exposure. RESULTS African-American children (N=71) had 2.2 times higher lead levels in the second and third trimesters (both p<0.001) and 1.9 times higher lead levels postnatally in the first year of life (p=0.003) compared to white children (N=51). Lead levels in African-American children were also higher during childhood, but this effect was only marginally significant (p=0.066) and was attenuated after covariate adjustment. Additionally, we observed that African-American children had lower tooth‑manganese levels during the third trimester (p=0.063) and postnatally (p=0.043), however these differences were attenuated after covariate adjustment. CONCLUSION The disproportionate burden of lead exposure is vertically transmitted (i.e., mother-to-child) to African-American children before they are born and persists into early childhood. Our results suggest that testing women for lead during pregnancy (or in pre-conception planning), may be needed to identify the risk to their future offspring, particularly for African-American women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E Cassidy-Bushrow
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, One Ford Place, Detroit, MI, USA; Center for Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Alexandra R Sitarik
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, One Ford Place, Detroit, MI, USA; Center for Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Suzanne Havstad
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, One Ford Place, Detroit, MI, USA; Center for Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christine Austin
- Senator Frank R Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Division of Environmental Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Christine Cole Johnson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, One Ford Place, Detroit, MI, USA; Center for Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Senator Frank R Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Division of Environmental Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA.
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Older CE, Diesel A, Patterson AP, Meason-Smith C, Johnson TJ, Mansell J, Suchodolski JS, Rodrigues Hoffmann A. The feline skin microbiota: The bacteria inhabiting the skin of healthy and allergic cats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178555. [PMID: 28575016 PMCID: PMC5456077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skin is inhabited by a multitude of microorganisms. An imbalance of these microorganisms is associated with disease, however, the causal relationship between skin microbiota and disease remains unknown. To describe the cutaneous bacterial microbiota of cats and determine whether bacterial dysbiosis occurs on the skin of allergic cats, the skin surfaces on various regions of 11 healthy cats and 10 allergic cats were sampled. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Genomic DNA was extracted from skin swabs and sequenced using primers that target the V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA. The bacterial sequences from healthy cats revealed that there are differences in species diversity and richness between body sites and different epithelial surfaces. Bacterial communities preferred body site niches in the healthy cats, however, the bacterial communities on allergic cat skin tended to be more unique to the individual cat. Overall, the number of bacterial species was not significantly different between the two health status groups, however, the abundances of these bacterial species were different between healthy and allergic skin. Staphylococcus, in addition to other taxa, was more abundant on allergic skin. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This study reveals that there are more bacterial species inhabiting the skin of cats than previously thought and provide some evidence of an association between dysbiosis and skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E. Older
- Dermatopathology Specialty Service, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Alison Diesel
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Adam P. Patterson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Courtney Meason-Smith
- Dermatopathology Specialty Service, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Timothy J. Johnson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Joanne Mansell
- Dermatopathology Specialty Service, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Jan S. Suchodolski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann
- Dermatopathology Specialty Service, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
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Tun HM, Konya T, Takaro TK, Brook JR, Chari R, Field CJ, Guttman DS, Becker AB, Mandhane PJ, Turvey SE, Subbarao P, Sears MR, Scott JA, Kozyrskyj AL. Exposure to household furry pets influences the gut microbiota of infant at 3-4 months following various birth scenarios. MICROBIOME 2017; 5:40. [PMID: 28381231 PMCID: PMC5382463 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life exposure to household pets has the capacity to reduce risk for overweight and allergic disease, especially following caesarean delivery. Since there is some evidence that pets also alter the gut microbial composition of infants, changes to the gut microbiome are putative pathways by which pet exposure can reduce these risks to health. To investigate the impact of pre- and postnatal pet exposure on infant gut microbiota following various birth scenarios, this study employed a large subsample of 746 infants from the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development Study (CHILD) cohort, whose mothers were enrolled during pregnancy between 2009 and 2012. Participating mothers were asked to report on household pet ownership at recruitment during the second or third trimester and 3 months postpartum. Infant gut microbiota were profiled with 16S rRNA sequencing from faecal samples collected at the mean age of 3.3 months. Two categories of pet exposure (i) only during pregnancy and (ii) pre- and postnatally were compared to no pet exposure under different birth scenarios. RESULTS Over half of studied infants were exposed to at least one furry pet in the prenatal and/or postnatal periods, of which 8% were exposed in pregnancy alone and 46.8% had exposure during both time periods. As a common effect in all birth scenarios, pre- and postnatal pet exposure enriched the abundance of Oscillospira and/or Ruminococcus (P < 0.05) with more than a twofold greater likelihood of high abundance. Among vaginally born infants with maternal intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis exposure, Streptococcaceae were substantially and significantly reduced by pet exposure (P < 0.001, FDRp = 0.03), reflecting an 80% decreased likelihood of high abundance (OR 0.20, 95%CI, 0.06-0.70) for pet exposure during pregnancy alone and a 69% reduced likelihood (OR 0.31, 95%CI, 0.16-0.58) for exposure in the pre- and postnatal time periods. All of these associations were independent of maternal asthma/allergy status, siblingship, breastfeeding exclusivity and other home characteristics. CONCLUSIONS The impact of pet ownership varies under different birth scenarios; however, in common, exposure to pets increased the abundance of two bacteria, Ruminococcus and Oscillospira, which have been negatively associated with childhood atopy and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hein M Tun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, 3-527 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405-87th Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G IC9, Canada
| | - Theodore Konya
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tim K Takaro
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Jeffrey R Brook
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Radha Chari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - David S Guttman
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Allan B Becker
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Piush J Mandhane
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, 3-527 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405-87th Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G IC9, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, Child & Family Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Malcolm R Sears
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - James A Scott
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anita L Kozyrskyj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, 3-527 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405-87th Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G IC9, Canada.
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Rodrigues Hoffmann A. The cutaneous ecosystem: the roles of the skin microbiome in health and its association with inflammatory skin conditions in humans and animals. Vet Dermatol 2017; 28:60-e15. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann
- Dermatopathology Specialty Service; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University; 4467 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA
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Cassidy-Bushrow AE, Havstad S, Basu N, Ownby DR, Park SK, Ownby DR, Johnson CC, Wegienka G. Detectable Blood Lead Level and Body Size in Early Childhood. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 171:41-7. [PMID: 26358768 PMCID: PMC4788572 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0500-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rates of childhood obesity have risen at the same time rates of high blood lead levels (BLLs) have fallen. Recent studies suggest that higher BLL is inversely associated with body size in older children (ages 3-19 years). No contemporaneous studies have examined if having a detectable BLL is associated with body size in very early childhood. We examined if detectable BLL is associated with body size in early childhood. A total of 299 birth cohort participants completed a study visit at ages 2-3 years with weight and height measurements; prior to this clinic visit, a BLL was drawn as part of routine clinical care. Body mass index (BMI) percentile and Z-score were calculated; children with BMI ≥85th percentile were considered overweight/obese at age of 2 years. Detectable BLL was defined as BLL ≥1 μg/dL. A total of 131 (43.8 %) children had a detectable BLL measured at mean aged 15.4 ± 5.5 months. Mean age at body size assessment was 2.2 ± 0.3 years (53.2 % male, 68.6 % African-American). After adjusting for race, sex, and birth weight, children with a detectable BLL had a 43 % lower risk of BMI ≥85th percentile (P = 0.041) and a 0.35-unit lower BMI Z-score (P = 0.008) compared to children without a detectable BLL. Neither race nor sex modified this association (all interactions P > 0.21). Consistent with recent studies in older children, having a detectable BLL was associated with smaller body size at ages 2-3 years. Additional research on the mechanism of this association is needed but may include mechanisms of appetite suppression via lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E Cassidy-Bushrow
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, One Ford Place, 5C, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
- Center for Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Suzanne Havstad
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, One Ford Place, 5C, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Center for Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Niladri Basu
- Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David R Ownby
- Department of Chemistry, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dennis R Ownby
- Center for Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Christine Cole Johnson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, One Ford Place, 5C, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Center for Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ganesa Wegienka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, One Ford Place, 5C, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Center for Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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Cassidy-Bushrow AE, Wegienka G, Havstad S, Levin AM, Lynch SV, Ownby DR, Rundle AG, Woodcroft KJ, Zoratti EM, Johnson CC. Does pet-keeping modify the association of delivery mode with offspring body size? Matern Child Health J 2016; 19:1426-33. [PMID: 25427878 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-014-1649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Caesarean-section (CS) delivery increases risk of childhood obesity, and is associated with a distinct early-life gut microbiome, which may contribute to obesity. Household pets may alter human gut microbiome composition. We examined if pet-keeping modified the association of CS with obesity at age 2 years in 639 Wayne County Health, Environment, Allergy and Asthma Longitudinal Study birth cohort participants. Pet-keeping was defined as having a dog or cat (indoors ≥1 h/day) at child age 2 years. We used logistic regression to test for an interaction between CS and pet-keeping with obesity (BMI ≥ 95th percentile) at age 2 years, adjusted for maternal obesity. A total of 328 (51.3 %) children were male; 367 (57.4 %) were African American; 228 (35.7 %) were born by CS; and 55 (8.6 %) were obese. After adjusting for maternal obesity, CS-born children had a non-significant (P = 0.25) but elevated 1.4 (95 % CI 0.8, 2.5) higher odds of obesity compared to those born vaginally. There was evidence of effect modification between current pet-keeping and delivery mode with obesity at age 2 years (interaction P = 0.054). Compared to children born vaginally without a pet currently in the home, children born via CS without a pet currently in the home had a statistically significant (P = 0.043) higher odds (odds ratio 2.00; 95 % CI 1.02, 3.93) of being obese at age 2 years. Pets modified the CS-BMI relationship; whether the underlying mechanism is through effects on environmental or gut microbiome requires specific investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E Cassidy-Bushrow
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, 1 Ford Place, 5C, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA,
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Johnson CC, Ownby DR. Allergies and Asthma: Do Atopic Disorders Result from Inadequate Immune Homeostasis arising from Infant Gut Dysbiosis? Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2016; 12:379-88. [PMID: 26776722 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2016.1139452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Our global hypothesis is that atopic conditions and asthma develop because an individual's immune system is not able to appropriately resolve inflammation resulting from allergen exposures. We propose that the failure to appropriately down-regulate inflammation and produce a toleragenic state results primarily from less robust immune homeostatic processes rather than from a tendency to over-respond to allergenic stimuli. An individual with lower immune homeostatic capacity is unable to rapidly and completely terminate, on average over time, immune responses to innocuous allergens, increasing risk of allergic disease. A lack of robust homeostasis also increases the risk of other inflammatory conditions, such as prolonged respiratory viral infections and obesity, leading to the common co-occurrence of these conditions. Further, we posit that the development of vigorous immune homeostatic mechanisms is an evolutionary adaptation strongly influenced by both 1) exposure to a diverse maternal microbiota through the prenatal period, labor and delivery, and, 2) an orderly assemblage process of the infant's gut microbiota ecosystem shaped by breastfeeding and early exposure to a wide variety of ingested foods and environmental microbes. This early succession of microbial communities together with early allergen exposures orchestrate the development of an immune system with a robust ability to optimally control inflammatory responses and a lowered risk for atopic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine C Johnson
- a Department of Public Health Sciences , Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Dennis R Ownby
- b Department of Pediatrics , Georgia Regents University , Augusta , GA , USA
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Abstract
Allergic reactions to pets have been recognized for at least a hundred years. Yet our understanding of the effects of all of the interactions between pet exposures and human immune responses continues to grow. Allergists, epidemiologists, and immunologists have spent years trying to better understand how exposures to pet allergens lead to allergic sensitization (the production of allergen-specific immunoglobulin class E [IgE] antibodies) and subsequent allergic disease. A major new development in this understanding is the recognition that pet exposures consist of not only allergen exposures but also changes in microbial exposures. Exposures to certain pet-associated microbes, especially in the neonatal period, appear to be able to dramatically alter how a child’s immune system develops and this in turn reduces the risk of allergic sensitization and disease. An exciting challenge in the next few years will be to see whether these changes can be developed into a realistic preventative strategy with the expectation of significantly reducing allergic disease, especially asthma.
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37
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Cassidy-Bushrow AE, Wegienka G, Havstad S, Levin AM, Lynch SV, Ownby DR, Rundle AG, Woodcroft KJ, Zoratti EM, Johnson CC. Race-specific Association of Caesarean-Section Delivery with Body Size at Age 2 Years. Ethn Dis 2016; 26:61-8. [PMID: 26843797 DOI: 10.18865/ed.26.1.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE African American children are at higher risk of obesity than White children and African American women are more likely to undergo caesarean-section (CS) delivery than White women. CS is associated with childhood obesity; however, little is known whether this relationship varies by race. We examined if the association of CS with obesity at age 2 years varied by race. DESIGN Longitudinal birth cohort. SETTING Birth cohort conducted in a health care system in metropolitan Detroit, Michigan with follow-up at age 2 years. PARTICIPANTS 639 birth cohort participants; 367 children (57.4%) were born to African American mothers and 230 (36.0%) children were born via CS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Obesity defined as body mass index ≥95th percentile at age 2 years. RESULTS Slightly more children of African American (n=37; 10.1%) than non-African American mothers (n=18; 6.6%) were obese (P=.12). There was evidence of effect modification between race and delivery mode with obesity at age 2 years (interaction P=.020). In children of African American mothers, CS compared to vaginal birth was associated with a significantly higher odds of obesity (aOR=2.35 (95% CI: 1.16, 4.77), P=.017). In contrast, delivery mode was not associated with obesity at age 2 years in children of non-African American mothers (aOR=.47 (95% CI: .13, 1.71), P=.25). CONCLUSIONS There is evidence for a race-specific effect of CS on obesity at age 2 years; potential underlying mechanisms may be racial differences in the developing gut microbiome or in epigenetic programming. Future research is needed to determine if this racial difference persists into later childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ganesa Wegienka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Suzanne Havstad
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Albert M Levin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Susan V Lynch
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Dennis R Ownby
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Andrew G Rundle
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York
| | | | - Edward M Zoratti
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
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Apfelbacher C, Frew E, Xiang A, Apfel A, Smith H. Assessment of pet exposure by self-report in epidemiological studies of allergy and asthma: a systematic review. J Asthma 2016; 53:363-73. [PMID: 26539692 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2015.1099161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In epidemiological studies that aim to investigate the relationship between pet exposure and allergy/asthma, pet exposure is often ascertained by means of a questionnaire, but it is unclear which questionnaire items are used. The objective of this study was to systematically review self-reported pet exposure assessment in questionnaires used in epidemiological studies which explore the associations between pets and allergy/asthma. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and papers were selected according to pre-specified eligibility criteria. The pet exposure questions used were classified within a framework including direct pet contact, indirect pet contact (e.g. through carers or grandparents) and avoidance behaviour. Authors were contacted when the questions used were not reported in detail. RESULTS Ninety-six full text papers were systematically reviewed. All studies assessed direct pet contact, but less than half (45%) explicitly assessed whether pets were allowed indoors. The vast majority of studies assessed both pet exposures during the first year of life and after the first year of life. The minority (13%) assessed whether pet(s) were kept at places regularly visited by the child and pet exposure in utero (15%). Even fewer studies assessed indirect contact to pets (n = 8) and avoidance behaviour (n = 10). CONCLUSIONS In epidemiological studies, the ascertainment of pet exposure through questionnaires appears to vary greatly. This variation might partly explain the inconsistent and contradictory results of the effects of pet exposure on the development of allergy and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Apfelbacher
- a Division of Public Health and Primary Care , Brighton and Sussex Medical School , Brighton , UK and.,b Department of Medical Sociology , Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
| | - Edward Frew
- a Division of Public Health and Primary Care , Brighton and Sussex Medical School , Brighton , UK and
| | - Ally Xiang
- a Division of Public Health and Primary Care , Brighton and Sussex Medical School , Brighton , UK and
| | - Alex Apfel
- a Division of Public Health and Primary Care , Brighton and Sussex Medical School , Brighton , UK and
| | - Helen Smith
- a Division of Public Health and Primary Care , Brighton and Sussex Medical School , Brighton , UK and
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Meason-Smith C, Diesel A, Patterson AP, Older CE, Mansell JM, Suchodolski JS, Rodrigues Hoffmann A. What is living on your dog's skin? Characterization of the canine cutaneous mycobiota and fungal dysbiosis in canine allergic dermatitis. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015; 91:fiv139. [PMID: 26542075 PMCID: PMC4657189 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To characterize the skin-associated fungal microbiota (mycobiota) in dogs, and to evaluate the influence of body site, individual dog or health status on the distribution of fungi, next-generation sequencing was performed targeting the internal transcribed spacer region. A total of 10 dogs with no history of skin disease were sampled at 10 distinct body sites consisting of haired and mucosal skin, and 8 dogs with diagnosed skin allergies were sampled at six body sites commonly affected by allergic disease. Analysis of similarities revealed that body site was not an influencing factor on membership or structure of fungal communities in healthy skin; however, the mucosal sites were significantly reduced in fungal richness. The mycobiota from body sites in healthy dogs tended to be similar within a dog, which was visualized in principle coordinates analysis (PCoA) by clustering of all sites from one dog separate from other dogs. The mycobiota of allergic skin was significantly less rich than that of healthy skin, and all sites sampled clustered by health status in PCoA. Interestingly, the most abundant fungi present on canine skin, across all body sites and health statuses, were Alternaria and Cladosporium—two of the most common fungal allergens in human environmental allergies. The skin-associated fungal microbiota were characterized in healthy dogs and those with skin allergies using next-generation sequencing, and the authors identified significant influences of the dog and health status on the distribution and diversity of fungal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Meason-Smith
- Dermatopathology Specialty Service, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA
| | - Alison Diesel
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA
| | - Adam P Patterson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA
| | - Caitlin E Older
- Dermatopathology Specialty Service, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA
| | - Joanne M Mansell
- Dermatopathology Specialty Service, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA
| | - Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann
- Dermatopathology Specialty Service, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4467, USA
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Abstract
Early patterns of gut colonization may predispose children to adult disease. Exposures in utero and during delivery are associated with the infant gut microbiome. Although ~35% of women carry group B strep (GBS; Streptococcus agalactiae) during pregnancy, it is unknown if GBS presence influences the infant gut microbiome. As part of a population-based, general risk birth cohort, stool specimens were collected from infant's diapers at research visits conducted at ~1 and 6 months of age. Using the Illumina MiSeq (San Diego, CA) platform, the V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was sequenced. Infant gut bacterial community compositional differences by maternal GBS status were evaluated using permutational multivariate analysis of variance. Individual operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were tested using a zero-inflated negative binomial model. Data on maternal GBS and infant gut microbiota from either 1 (n=112) or 6-month-old stool (n=150) specimens was available on 262 maternal-child pairs. Eighty women (30.5%) were GBS+, of who 58 (72.5%) were given intrapartum antibiotics. After adjusting for maternal race, prenatal antifungal use and intrapartum antibiotics, maternal GBS status was statistically significantly associated with gut bacterial composition in the 6 month visit specimen (Canberra R 2=0.008, P=0.008; Unweighted UniFrac R 2=0.010, P=0.011). Individual OTU tests revealed that infants of GBS+ mothers were significantly enriched for specific members of the Clostridiaceae, Ruminococcoceae, and Enterococcaceae in the 6 month specimens compared with infants of GBS- mothers. Whether these taxonomic differences in infant gut microbiota at 6 months lead to differential predisposition for adult disease requires additional study.
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Microbiome and Asthma: What Have Experimental Models Already Taught Us? J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:614758. [PMID: 26266269 PMCID: PMC4525458 DOI: 10.1155/2015/614758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that imposes a substantial burden on patients, their families, and the community. Although many aspects of the pathogenesis of classical allergic asthma are well known by the scientific community, other points are not yet understood. Experimental asthma models, particularly murine models, have been used for over 100 years in order to better understand the immunopathology of asthma. It has been shown that human microbiome is an important component in the development of the immune system. Furthermore, the occurrence of many inflammatory diseases is influenced by the presence of microbes. Again, experimental models of asthma have helped researchers to understand the relationship between the microbiome and respiratory inflammation. In this review, we discuss the evolution of murine models of asthma and approach the major studies involving the microbiome and asthma.
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Abstract
Asthma is not a single disease, but an umbrella term for a number of distinct diseases, each of which are caused by a distinct underlying pathophysiological mechanism. These discrete disease entities are often labelled as 'asthma endotypes'. The discovery of different asthma subtypes has moved from subjective approaches in which putative phenotypes are assigned by experts to data-driven ones which incorporate machine learning. This review focuses on the methodological developments of one such machine learning technique-latent class analysis-and how it has contributed to distinguishing asthma and wheezing subtypes in childhood. It also gives a clinical perspective, presenting the findings of studies from the past 5 years that used this approach. The identification of true asthma endotypes may be a crucial step towards understanding their distinct pathophysiological mechanisms, which could ultimately lead to more precise prevention strategies, identification of novel therapeutic targets and the development of effective personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Howard
- />Centre for Health Informatics, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Magnus Rattray
- />Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mattia Prosperi
- />Centre for Health Informatics, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- />University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Adnan Custovic
- />Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, M23 9LT UK
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Misic AM, Davis MF, Tyldsley AS, Hodkinson BP, Tolomeo P, Hu B, Nachamkin I, Lautenbach E, Morris DO, Grice EA. The shared microbiota of humans and companion animals as evaluated from Staphylococcus carriage sites. MICROBIOME 2015; 3:2. [PMID: 25705378 PMCID: PMC4335418 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-014-0052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus and other coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS) colonize skin and mucous membrane sites and can cause skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in humans and animals. Factors modulating methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) colonization and infection in humans remain unclear, including the role of the greater microbial community and environmental factors such as contact with companion animals. In the context of a parent study evaluating the households of outpatients with community MRSA SSTI, the objectives of this study were 1) to characterize the microbiota that colonizes typical coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp. carriage sites in humans and their companion pets, 2) to analyze associations between Staphylococcus infection and carriage and the composition and diversity of microbial communities, and 3) to analyze factors that influence sharing of microbiota between pets and humans. RESULTS We enrolled 25 households containing 56 pets and 30 humans. Sampling locations were matched to anatomical sites cultured by the parent study for MRSA and other CPS. Bacterial microbiota were characterized by sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA genes. Household membership was strongly associated with microbial communities, in both humans and pets. Pets were colonized with a greater relative abundance of Proteobacteria, whereas people were colonized with greater relative abundances of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. We did not detect differences in microbiota associated with MRSA SSTI, or carriage of MRSA, S. aureus or CPS. Humans in households without pets were more similar to each other than humans in pet-owning households, suggesting that companion animals may play a role in microbial transfer. We examined changes in microbiota over a 3-month time period and found that pet staphylococcal carriage sites were more stable than human carriage sites. CONCLUSIONS We characterized and identified patterns of microbiota sharing and stability between humans and companion animals. While we did not detect associations with MRSA SSTI, or carriage of MRSA, S. aureus or CPS in this small sample size, larger studies are warranted to fully explore how microbial communities may be associated with and contribute to MRSA and/or CPS colonization, infection, and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Misic
- />Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 1007 Biomedical Research Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Meghan F Davis
- />Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Amanda S Tyldsley
- />Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 1007 Biomedical Research Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Brendan P Hodkinson
- />Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 1007 Biomedical Research Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Pam Tolomeo
- />Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Baofeng Hu
- />Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Irving Nachamkin
- />Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Ebbing Lautenbach
- />Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- />Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Daniel O Morris
- />Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Elizabeth A Grice
- />Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, 1007 Biomedical Research Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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Havstad S, Johnson CC, Kim H, Levin AM, Zoratti EM, Joseph CLM, Ownby DR, Wegienka G. Atopic phenotypes identified with latent class analyses at age 2 years. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:722-727.e2. [PMID: 24636082 PMCID: PMC4149949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic sensitization (ie, atopy) is the most commonly reported risk factor for asthma. Recent studies have begun to suggest that atopy, as conventionally defined, might be an umbrella term that obfuscates more specific allergic disease types. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether distinct and meaningful atopic phenotypes exist within a racially diverse birth cohort using 10 allergen-specific serum IgE (sIgE) measurements from children aged 2 years. METHODS Using the Wayne County Health, Environment, Allergy and Asthma Longitudinal Study (WHEALS) birth cohort (62% black), we analyzed sIgE data on 10 allergens (Dermatophagoides farinae, dog, cat, timothy grass, ragweed, Alternaria alternata, egg, peanut, milk, and German cockroach) obtained from 594 children at age 2 years. Conventional atopy was defined as at least 1 sIgE level of 0.35 IU/mL or greater. RESULTS A 4-class solution (latent class model) was the best fit. Class types were labeled "low to no sensitization" (76.9% of sample), "highly sensitized" (2.7%), "milk and egg dominated" (15.3%), and "peanut and inhalant(s)" (5.1%). Almost one third (32.2%) of the low to no sensitization group met the criteria for conventional atopy. The highly sensitized group was significantly associated with a doctor's diagnosis of asthma after age 4 years (odds ratio [OR], 5.3; 95% CI, 1.6-17.4), whereas the milk and egg dominated and peanut and inhalant(s) groups were not (ORs of 1.6 [95% CI, 0.8-3.0] and 1.8 [95% CI, 0.6-4.9], respectively). Children of black race were more likely to be in the 3 multisensitized groups (P = .04). CONCLUSION Classification by sIgE patterns defined groups whose membership is more strongly associated with atopic dermatitis, wheeze, and asthma compared with conventional atopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Havstad
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Mich.
| | | | - Haejin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Mich
| | - Albert M Levin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Mich
| | - Edward M Zoratti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Mich
| | | | - Dennis R Ownby
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Ga
| | - Ganesa Wegienka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Mich
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de Vos G. Skin testing versus serum-specific IgE testing: which is better for diagnosing aeroallergen sensitization and predicting clinical allergy? Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2014; 14:430. [PMID: 24633614 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-014-0430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An accurate diagnosis of aeroallergen sensitization is pivotal to clinical practice and research. Given the recent technological advances in analyzing serum allergen-specific IgE, the question of which testing method, skin or serum testing, is superior in diagnosing allergic sensitization must be readdressed, as well as their value in predicting clinical disease. This review article provides a detailed summary of recent studies addressing these questions. Conclusively, most studies show substantial discordance between serum-specific IgE and skin testing results, suggesting that the two testing methods compliment each other and cannot be used interchangeably. On average, using only one testing method may misdiagnose every fourth allergically sensitized patient as non-sensitized. In addition, depending on the allergen tested, skin prick testing and serum-specific IgE testing appear to be the methods of choice in predicting outcomes of experimental allergen challenge, while intradermal testing is less contributory.
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Finkelman FD. Diesel exhaust particle exposure during pregnancy promotes development of asthma and atopy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:73-4. [PMID: 24835501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fred D Finkelman
- Department of Medicine, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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47
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Joseph CLM, Havstad S, Bobbitt K, Woodcroft K, Zoratti EM, Nageotte C, Misiak R, Enberg R, Nicholas C, Ezell JM, Ownby DR, Johnson CC. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ1) in breast milk and indicators of infant atopy in a birth cohort. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2014; 25:257-63. [PMID: 24520941 PMCID: PMC3997590 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The infant gut's ability to suppress immunologic reactions to food proteins could be influenced by levels of TGFβ in breast milk. We hypothesized that lower levels of TGFβ(1) in the breast milk (BM) of mothers in the WHEALS birth cohort are associated with atopy at infant age 2-3 yrs. METHODS We used data collected during infancy in addition to the results of skin prick tests (SPT+) and measures of specific IgE >0.35 IU/ml (spIgE) to milk, egg, and peanut at infant age 2-3 years. Infants were classified as food allergic (FA) based on parental report of infant symptoms/diagnoses and information from clinical assessments. RESULTS Data for 304 cohort members were analyzed. Among non-black infants, BM-TGFβ(1) was lower for those classified as FA (vs. no FA) and those SPT+ (vs., SPT-), geometric mean = 1100 pg/ml vs. 1417pg/ml, p = 0.081; and 1100 pg/ml vs. 1415pg/ml, p = 0.064, respectively. Among infants of non-atopic mothers, BM-TGFβ(1) was lower for those with elevated (vs. not elevated) sIgE, geometric mean = 1347 pg/ml vs. 1651 pg/ml, p = 0.047. Using logistic regression, adjusted odds ratios describing the association of BM-TGFβ1 to the presence of atopic indicators in the infant were in the hypothesized direction only for non-black infants of non-atopic mothers: aORs for FA, sIgE and SPT+ were 0.08, 0.34, and 0.26 respectively; p = 0.091, 0.13, and 0.23. CONCLUSION Immune benefit of BM-TGFβ(1) could inform prevention strategies. Evidence of an association appears greatly influenced by infant race and maternal atopy. More research can determine if these relationships represent a modifiable risk factor for the development of food allergy in certain subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine LM Joseph
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
- Center for Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit MI
| | - Suzanne Havstad
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
- Center for Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit MI
| | - Kevin Bobbitt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
- Center for Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit MI
| | - Kimberley Woodcroft
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
- Center for Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit MI
| | - Edward M. Zoratti
- Center for Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit MI
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Christian Nageotte
- Center for Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit MI
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Rana Misiak
- Center for Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit MI
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | - Robert Enberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
| | | | - Jerel M. Ezell
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
- Center for Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit MI
| | - Dennis R. Ownby
- Center for Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit MI
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA
| | - Christine Cole Johnson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI
- Center for Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit MI
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Huang YJ. Asthma microbiome studies and the potential for new therapeutic strategies. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2014; 13:453-61. [PMID: 23709178 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-013-0355-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent applications of culture-independent tools for microbiome profiling have revealed significant relationships between asthma and microbiota associated with the environment, gut, or airways. Studies of the airway microbiome in particular represent a new frontier in pulmonary research. Although these studies are relatively new, current evidence suggests the possibility of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment or prevention of asthma. In this article, recent literature on microbiota and asthma are critically reviewed, with a particular focus on studies of the airway microbiome. Perspectives are presented on how growing knowledge of relationships between the microbiome and asthma is likely to translate into improved understanding of asthma pathogenesis, its heterogeneity, and opportunities for novel treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne J Huang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0130, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0130, USA,
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Ezell JM, Cassidy-Bushrow AE, Havstad S, Joseph CLM, Wegienka G, Jones K, Ownby DR, Johnson CC. Prenatal dog-keeping practices vary by race: speculations on implications for disparities in childhood health and disease. Ethn Dis 2014; 24:104-109. [PMID: 24620456 PMCID: PMC3978783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is consistent evidence demonstrating that pet-keeping, particularly of dogs, is beneficial to human health. We explored relationships between maternal race and prenatal dog-keeping, accounting for measures of socioeconomic status that could affect the choice of owning a pet, in a demographically diverse, unselected birth cohort. DESIGN Self-reported data on mothers' race, socioeconomic characteristics and dog-keeping practices were obtained during prenatal interviews and analyzed cross-sectionally. Robust methods of covariate balancing via propensity score analysis were utilized to examine if race (Black vs White), independent of other participant traits, influenced prenatal dog-keeping. SETTING A birth cohort study conducted in a health care system in metropolitan Detroit, Michigan between September 2003 and November 2007. PARTICIPANTS 1065 pregnant women (n=775 or 72.8% Black), between ages 21 and 45, receiving prenatal care. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participant's self-report of race/ethnicity and prenatal dog-keeping, which was defined as her owning or caring for > or =1 dog for more than 1 week at her home since learning of her pregnancy, regardless of whether the dog was kept inside or outside of her home. RESULTS In total, 294 women (27.6%) reported prenatal dog-keeping. Prenatal dog-keeping was significantly lower among Black women as compared to White women (20.9% vs 45.5%, P<.001), and remained significantly different even after propensity score analysis was applied. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that there are persistent racial differences in dog-keeping not fully explained by measures of socioeconomic status. Racial differences in prenatal dog-keeping may contribute to childhood health disparities.
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House dust exposure mediates gut microbiome Lactobacillus enrichment and airway immune defense against allergens and virus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 111:805-10. [PMID: 24344318 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1310750111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to dogs in early infancy has been shown to reduce the risk of childhood allergic disease development, and dog ownership is associated with a distinct house dust microbial exposure. Here, we demonstrate, using murine models, that exposure of mice to dog-associated house dust protects against ovalbumin or cockroach allergen-mediated airway pathology. Protected animals exhibited significant reduction in the total number of airway T cells, down-regulation of Th2-related airway responses, as well as mucin secretion. Following dog-associated dust exposure, the cecal microbiome of protected animals was extensively restructured with significant enrichment of, amongst others, Lactobacillus johnsonii. Supplementation of wild-type animals with L. johnsonii protected them against both airway allergen challenge or infection with respiratory syncytial virus. L. johnsonii-mediated protection was associated with significant reductions in the total number and proportion of activated CD11c(+)/CD11b(+) and CD11c(+)/CD8(+) cells, as well as significantly reduced airway Th2 cytokine expression. Our results reveal that exposure to dog-associated household dust results in protection against airway allergen challenge and a distinct gastrointestinal microbiome composition. Moreover, the study identifies L. johnsonii as a pivotal species within the gastrointestinal tract capable of influencing adaptive immunity at remote mucosal surfaces in a manner that is protective against a variety of respiratory insults.
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