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Li TA, Gonzalez-Gil A, Awol AK, Ackerman SJ, Orsburn BC, Schnaar RL. Sialylated keratan sulfates on MUC5B are Siglec-8 ligands in the human esophagus. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae065. [PMID: 39173029 PMCID: PMC11364441 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Human sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are expressed on subsets of immune cells. Siglec-8 is an immune inhibitory Siglec on eosinophils and mast cells, which are effectors in allergic disorders including eosinophilic esophagitis. Inhibition occurs when Siglec-8 is crosslinked by multivalent Siglec ligands in target tissues. Previously we discovered a high-affinity Siglec-8 sialoglycan ligand on human airways composed of terminally sialylated keratan sulfate chains carried on a single protein, DMBT1. Here we extend that approach to another allergic inflammatory target tissue, human esophagus. Lectin overlay histochemistry revealed that Siglec-8 ligands are expressed predominantly by esophageal submucosal glands, and are densely packed in submucosal ducts leading to the lumen. Expression is tissue-specific; esophageal glands express Siglec-8 ligand whereas nearby gastric glands do not. Extraction and resolution by gel electrophoresis revealed a single predominant human esophageal Siglec-8 ligand migrating at >2 MDa. Purification by size exclusion and affinity chromatography, followed by proteomic mass spectrometry, revealed the protein carrier to be MUC5B. Whereas all human esophageal submucosal cells express MUC5B, only a portion convert it to Siglec-8 ligand by adding terminally sialylated keratan sulfate chains. We refer to this as MUC5B S8L. Material from the esophageal lumen of live subjects revealed MUC5B S8L species ranging from ~1-4 MDa. We conclude that MUC5B in the human esophagus is a protein canvas on which Siglec-8 binding sialylated keratan sulfate chains are post-translationally added. These data expand understanding of Siglec-8 ligands and may help us understand their roles in allergic immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T August Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Anabel Gonzalez-Gil
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Abduselam K Awol
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Steven J Ackerman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Benjamin C Orsburn
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Ronald L Schnaar
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
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2
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Arima M, Ito K, Abe T, Oguma T, Asano K, Mukherjee M, Ueki S. Eosinophilic mucus diseases. Allergol Int 2024; 73:362-374. [PMID: 38594175 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic inflammation is primarily characterized by type 2 immune responses against parasitic organisms. In the contemporary human being especially in developed countries, eosinophilic inflammation is strongly associated with allergic/sterile inflammation, and constitutes an undesired immune reaction. This situation is in stark contrast to neutrophilic inflammation, which is indispensable for the host defense against bacterial infections. Among eosinophilic inflammatory disorders, massive accumulation of eosinophils within mucus is observed in certain cases, and is often linked to the distinctive clinical finding of mucus with high viscosity. Eosinophilic mucus is found in a variety of diseases, including chronic allergic keratoconjunctivitis, chronic rhinosinusitis encompassing allergic fungal sinusitis, eosinophilic otitis media, eosinophilic sialodochitis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis/mycosis, eosinophilic plastic bronchitis, and eosinophilic asthma. In these pathological conditions, chronic inflammation and tissue remodeling coupled with irreversible organ damage due to persistent adhesion of toxic substances and luminal obstruction may impose a significant burden on the body. Eosinophils aggregate in the hyperconcentrated mucus together with cell-derived crystals, macromolecules, and polymers, thereby affecting the biophysical properties of the mucus. This review focuses on the clinically significant challenges of mucus and discusses the consequences of activated eosinophils on the mucosal surface that impact mucus and persistent inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Arima
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Tomoe Abe
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Oguma
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koichiro Asano
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Manali Mukherjee
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University & St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shigeharu Ueki
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
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3
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Jame-Chenarboo Z, Gray TE, Macauley MS. Advances in understanding and exploiting Siglec-glycan interactions. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 80:102454. [PMID: 38631213 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.102454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs) are a family of cell-surface immunomodulatory receptors that recognize sialic-acid-containing glycans. The majority of Siglecs have an inhibitory motif in their intercellular domain and can regulate the cellular activation of immune cells. Importantly, the immunomodulatory role of Siglecs is regulated by engagement with distinct sialoglycan ligands. However, there are still many unanswered questions about the precise ligand(s) recognized by individual Siglec family members. New tools and approaches to study Siglec-ligand interactions are rapidly filling this knowledge gap. This review provides an overview of recent advances in discovering Siglec ligands as well as the development of approaches to modulate the function of Siglecs. In both aspects, chemical biology approaches are emphasized with a discussion on how these are complementing biochemical and genetic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taylor E Gray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew S Macauley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Canada.
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4
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Takeda-Uchimura Y, Ikezaki M, Akama TO, Ihara Y, Allain F, Nishitsuji K, Uchimura K. GlcNAc6ST2/CHST4 Is Essential for the Synthesis of R-10G-Reactive Keratan Sulfate/Sulfated N-Acetyllactosamine Oligosaccharides in Mouse Pleural Mesothelium. Molecules 2024; 29:764. [PMID: 38398516 PMCID: PMC10893525 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We recently showed that 6-sulfo sialyl N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) in O-linked glycans recognized by the CL40 antibody is abundant in the pleural mesothelium under physiological conditions and that these glycans undergo complementary synthesis by GlcNAc6ST2 (encoded by Chst4) and GlcNAc6ST3 (encoded by Chst5) in mice. GlcNAc6ST3 is essential for the synthesis of R-10G-positive keratan sulfate (KS) in the brain. The predicted minimum epitope of the R-10G antibody is a dimeric asialo 6-sulfo LacNAc. Whether R-10G-reactive KS/sulfated LacNAc oligosaccharides are also present in the pleural mesothelium was unknown. The question of which GlcNAc6STs are responsible for R-10G-reactive glycans was an additional issue to be clarified. Here, we show that R-10G-reactive glycans are as abundant in the pulmonary pleura as CL40-reactive glycans and that GlcNAc6ST3 is only partially involved in the synthesis of these pleural R-10G glycans, unlike in the adult brain. Unexpectedly, GlcNAc6ST2 is essential for the synthesis of R-10G-positive KS/sulfated LacNAc oligosaccharides in the lung pleura. The type of GlcNAc6ST and the magnitude of its contribution to KS glycan synthesis varied among tissues in vivo. We show that GlcNAc6ST2 is required and sufficient for R-10G-reactive KS synthesis in the lung pleura. Interestingly, R-10G immunoreactivity in KSGal6ST (encoded by Chst1) and C6ST1 (encoded by Chst3) double-deficient mouse lungs was markedly increased. MUC16, a mucin molecule, was shown to be a candidate carrier protein for pleural R-10G-reactive glycans. These results suggest that R-10G-reactive KS/sulfated LacNAc oligosaccharides may play a role in mesothelial cell proliferation and differentiation. Further elucidation of the functions of sulfated glycans synthesized by GlcNAc6ST2 and GlcNAc6ST3, such as R-10G and CL40 glycans, in pathological conditions may lead to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the physiopathology of the lung mesothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Takeda-Uchimura
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France; (Y.T.-U.); (F.A.); or (K.N.)
| | - Midori Ikezaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; (M.I.); (Y.I.)
| | - Tomoya O. Akama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 570-8506, Japan;
| | - Yoshito Ihara
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; (M.I.); (Y.I.)
| | - Fabrice Allain
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France; (Y.T.-U.); (F.A.); or (K.N.)
| | - Kazuchika Nishitsuji
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France; (Y.T.-U.); (F.A.); or (K.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; (M.I.); (Y.I.)
| | - Kenji Uchimura
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France; (Y.T.-U.); (F.A.); or (K.N.)
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5
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O'Sullivan JA, Youngblood BA, Schleimer RP, Bochner BS. Siglecs as potential targets of therapy in human mast cell- and/or eosinophil-associated diseases. Semin Immunol 2023; 69:101799. [PMID: 37413923 PMCID: PMC10528103 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Siglecs (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins) are a family of vertebrate glycan-binding cell-surface proteins. The majority mediate cellular inhibitory activity once engaged by specific ligands or ligand-mimicking molecules. As a result, Siglec engagement is now of interest as a strategy to therapeutically dampen unwanted cellular responses. When considering allergic inflammation, human eosinophils and mast cells express overlapping but distinct patterns of Siglecs. For example, Siglec-6 is selectively and prominently expressed on mast cells while Siglec-8 is highly specific for both eosinophils and mast cells. This review will focus on a subset of Siglecs and their various endogenous or synthetic sialoside ligands that regulate eosinophil and mast cell function and survival. It will also summarize how certain Siglecs have become the focus of novel therapies for allergic and other eosinophil- and mast cell-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A O'Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruce S Bochner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Jin Z, Yan B, Zhang L, Wang C. Current and emerging biological therapies for Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps with type 2 inflammation. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:909-919. [PMID: 37855222 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2273502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), especially CRSwNP with type 2 inflammation, remains the most difficult-to-treat subtype with high prevalence worldwide. The emergence of biologics has the potential to fulfill the unmet medical needs of patients with CRSwNP driven by type 2 inflammation. AREAS COVERED A current review of the literature was performed to overview current and emerging biological therapies in the treatment of CRSwNP. EXPERT OPINION In an era of precision medicine, biologics have been given expectations to provide customized therapies to patients with CRSwNP, particularly those with refractory CRSwNP. Large clinical trials and real-world experiences are both essential for the application of biologics. Moreover, to make biological therapy more tailored to patients, an in-depth understanding of the different mechanisms of biologics, further elucidating the relationship between biologics and conventional medical and surgical treatments, and identifying predictive biomarkers warrant thorough investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyi Jin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengshuo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Bochner BS, O'Sullivan JA, Chang AT, Youngblood BA. Siglecs in allergy and asthma. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 90:101104. [PMID: 35835621 PMCID: PMC10757266 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The term "allergic diseases" encompasses several common, IgE-mediated conditions that range from being annoying to those that are life-threatening. Available treatments include active avoidance of the instigating allergen and the use of a variety of oral, inhaled, intranasal, intraocular and injected agents. While most individuals with allergies do well with existing therapies, there are still unmet therapeutic needs. Siglecs (sialic acid-binding, immunoglobulin-like lectins) are a family of single-pass transmembrane I-type lectins found on various subsets of cells, especially those of the immune system. All Siglecs have extracellular domains recognizing sialoside ligands, and most contain cytoplasmic domains with inhibitory signaling activity. This review focuses on Siglecs that likely play a role in regulating allergic and asthmatic responses, and how specific Siglecs, expressed on cells such as eosinophils and mast cells, are being targeted for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce S Bochner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Jeremy A O'Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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8
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Gonzalez-Gil A, Li TA, Kim J, Schnaar RL. Human sialoglycan ligands for immune inhibitory Siglecs. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 90:101110. [PMID: 35965135 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Most human Siglecs (sialic acid binding immunoglobulin-like lectins) are expressed on the surfaces of overlapping subsets of immune cells, and most carry immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory domains on their intracellular motifs. When immune inhibitory Siglecs bind to complementary sialoglycans in their local milieu, engagement results in down-regulation of the immune response. Siglecs have come under scrutiny as potential targets of drugs to modify the course of inflammation (and other immune system responses) and as immune checkpoints in cancer. Human Siglecs bind to endogenous human sialoglycans. The identities of these endogenous human sialoglycan immune regulators are beginning to emerge, along with some general principles that may inform future investigations in this area. Among these principles is the finding that a cell type or tissue may express a ligand for a particular Siglec on a single or a very few of its sialoglycoproteins. The selected protein carrier for a particular Siglec may be unique in a certain tissue, but vary tissue-to-tissue. The binding affinity of endogenous Siglec ligands may surpass that of its binding to synthetic sialoglycan determinants by several orders of magnitude. Since most human Siglecs have evolved rapidly and are distinct from those in most other mammals, this review describes endogenous human Siglec ligands for several human immune inhibitory Siglecs. As the identities of these immune regulatory sialoglycan ligands are defined, additional opportunities to target Siglecs therapeutically may emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Gonzalez-Gil
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - T August Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Jean Kim
- Department Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Ronald L Schnaar
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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9
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Vilen Z, Reeves AE, Huang ML. (Glycan Binding) Activity‐Based Protein Profiling in Cells Enabled by Mass Spectrometry‐Based Proteomics. Isr J Chem 2023; 63. [PMID: 37131487 PMCID: PMC10150848 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The presence of glycan modifications at the cell surface and other locales positions them as key regulators of cell recognition and function. However, due to the complexity of glycosylation, the annotation of which proteins bear glycan modifications, which glycan patterns are present, and which proteins are capable of binding glycans is incomplete. Inspired by activity-based protein profiling to enrich for proteins in cells based on select characteristics, these endeavors have been greatly advanced by the development of appropriate glycan-binding and glycan-based probes. Here, we provide context for these three problems and describe how the capability of molecules to interact with glycans has enabled the assignment of proteins with specific glycan modifications or of proteins that bind glycans. Furthermore, we discuss how the integration of these probes with high resolution mass spectrometry-based technologies has greatly advanced glycoscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zak Vilen
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences Scripps Research 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd. La Jolla CA 92037 USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine Scripps Research 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd. La Jolla CA 92037, USA
| | - Abigail E. Reeves
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences Scripps Research 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd. La Jolla CA 92037 USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine Scripps Research 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd. La Jolla CA 92037, USA
| | - Mia L. Huang
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences Scripps Research 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd. La Jolla CA 92037 USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine Scripps Research 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd. La Jolla CA 92037, USA
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10
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Wen R, Zhao H, Zhang D, Chiu CL, Brooks JD. Sialylated glycoproteins as biomarkers and drivers of progression in prostate cancer. Carbohydr Res 2022; 519:108598. [PMID: 35691122 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Sialic acids have been implicated in cancer initiation, progression, and immune evasion in diverse human malignancies. Sialylation of terminal glycans on cell surface and secreted glycoproteins is a long-recognized feature of cancer cells. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy has tremendously improved the outcomes of patients with various cancers. However, available immunotherapy approaches have had limited efficacy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Sialic acid modified glycoproteins in prostate cancers and their interaction with Siglec receptors on tumor infiltrating immune cells might underlie immunosuppressive signaling in prostate cancer. Here, we summarize the function of sialic acids and relevant glycosynthetic enzymes in cancer initiation and progression. We also discuss the possible uses of sialic acids as biomarkers in prostate cancer and the potential methods for targeting Siglec-sialic acid interactions for prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wen
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hongjuan Zhao
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Dalin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Chun-Lung Chiu
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - James D Brooks
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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11
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Wisnovsky S, Bertozzi CR. Reading the glyco-code: New approaches to studying protein-carbohydrate interactions. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2022; 75:102395. [PMID: 35653954 PMCID: PMC9811956 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The surface of all living cells is decorated with carbohydrate molecules. Hundreds of functional proteins bind to these glycosylated ligands; such binding events subsequently modulate many aspects of protein and cell function. Identifying ligands for glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) is a defining challenge of glycoscience research. Here, we review recent advances that are allowing protein-carbohydrate interactions to be dissected with an unprecedented level of precision. We specifically highlight how cell-based glycan arrays and glyco-genomic profiling are being used to define the structural determinants of glycan-protein interactions in living cells. Going forward, these methods create exciting new opportunities for the study of glycans in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wisnovsky
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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12
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Takeda-Uchimura Y, Ikezaki M, Akama TO, Nishioka K, Ihara Y, Allain F, Nishitsuji K, Uchimura K. Complementary Role of GlcNAc6ST2 and GlcNAc6ST3 in Synthesis of CL40-Reactive Sialylated and Sulfated Glycans in the Mouse Pleural Mesothelium. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27144543. [PMID: 35889417 PMCID: PMC9320226 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sialyl 6-sulfo Lewis X (6-sulfo sLeX) and its derivative sialyl 6-sulfo N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) are sialylated and sulfated glycans of sialomucins found in the high endothelial venules (HEVs) of secondary lymphoid organs. A component of 6-sulfo sLeX present in the core 1-extended O-linked glycans detected by the MECA-79 antibody was previously shown to exist in the lymphoid aggregate vasculature and bronchial mucosa of allergic and asthmatic lungs. The components of 6-sulfo sLeX in pulmonary tissues under physiological conditions remain to be analyzed. The CL40 antibody recognizes 6-sulfo sLeX and sialyl 6-sulfo LacNAc in O-linked and N-linked glycans, with absolute requirements for both GlcNAc-6-sulfation and sialylation. Immunostaining of normal mouse lungs with CL40 was performed and analyzed. The contribution of GlcNAc-6-O-sulfotransferases (GlcNAc6STs) to the synthesis of the CL40 epitope in the lungs was also elucidated. Here, we show that the expression of the CL40 epitope was specifically detected in the mesothelin-positive mesothelium of the pulmonary pleura. Moreover, GlcNAc6ST2 (encoded by Chst4) and GlcNAc6ST3 (encoded by Chst5), but not GlcNAc6ST1 (encoded by Chst2) or GlcNAc6ST4 (encoded by Chst7), are required for the synthesis of CL40-positive glycans in the lung mesothelium. Furthermore, neither GlcNAc6ST2 nor GlcNAc6ST3 is sufficient for in vivo expression of the CL40 epitope in the lung mesothelium, as demonstrated by GlcNAc6ST1/3/4 triple-knock-out and GlcNAc6ST1/2/4 triple-knock-out mice. These results indicate that CL40-positive sialylated and sulfated glycans are abundant in the pleural mesothelium and are synthesized complementarily by GlcNAc6ST2 and GlcNAc6ST3, under physiological conditions in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Takeda-Uchimura
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR 8576 of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq, F-59655 Lille, France; (Y.T.-U.); (F.A.)
| | - Midori Ikezaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; (M.I.); (Y.I.); (K.N.)
| | - Tomoya O. Akama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 570-8506, Japan;
| | - Kaho Nishioka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan;
| | - Yoshito Ihara
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; (M.I.); (Y.I.); (K.N.)
| | - Fabrice Allain
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR 8576 of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq, F-59655 Lille, France; (Y.T.-U.); (F.A.)
| | - Kazuchika Nishitsuji
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; (M.I.); (Y.I.); (K.N.)
| | - Kenji Uchimura
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR 8576 of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq, F-59655 Lille, France; (Y.T.-U.); (F.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)-20-33-72-39
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13
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Gonzalez-Gil A, Porell RN, Fernandes SM, Maenpaa E, Li TA, Li T, Wong PC, Aoki K, Tiemeyer M, Yu ZJ, Orsburn BC, Bumpus NN, Matthews RT, Schnaar RL. Human brain sialoglycan ligand for CD33, a microglial inhibitory Siglec implicated in Alzheimer's disease. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101960. [PMID: 35452678 PMCID: PMC9130525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by accumulation of misfolded proteins. Genetic studies implicate microglia, brain-resident phagocytic immune cells, in AD pathogenesis. As positive effectors, microglia clear toxic proteins, whereas as negative effectors, they release proinflammatory mediators. An imbalance of these functions contributes to AD progression. Polymorphisms of human CD33, an inhibitory microglial receptor, are linked to AD susceptibility; higher CD33 expression correlates with increased AD risk. CD33, also called Siglec-3, is a member of the sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectin (Siglec) family of immune regulatory receptors. Siglec-mediated inhibition is initiated by binding to complementary sialoglycan ligands in the tissue environment. Here, we identify a single sialoglycoprotein in human cerebral cortex that binds CD33 as well as Siglec-8, the most abundant Siglec on human microglia. The ligand, which we term receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase zeta (RPTPζ)S3L, is composed of sialylated keratan sulfate chains carried on a minor isoform/glycoform of RPTPζ (phosphacan) and is found in the extracellular milieu of the human brain parenchyma. Brains from human AD donors had twofold higher levels of RPTPζS3L than age-matched control donors, raising the possibility that RPTPζS3L overexpression limits misfolded protein clearance contributing to AD pathology. Mice express the same structure, a sialylated keratan sulfate RPTPζ isoform, that binds mouse Siglec-F and crossreacts with human CD33 and Siglec-8. Brains from mice engineered to lack RPTPζ, the sialyltransferase St3gal4, or the keratan sulfate sulfotransferase Chst1 lacked Siglec binding, establishing the ligand structure. The unique CD33 and Siglec-8 ligand, RPTPζS3L, may contribute to AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Gonzalez-Gil
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ryan N Porell
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Steve M Fernandes
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eila Maenpaa
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - T August Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Philip C Wong
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael Tiemeyer
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Zaikuan J Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin C Orsburn
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Namandjé N Bumpus
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Russell T Matthews
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Ronald L Schnaar
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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14
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Boyce JA. Advances in Mast Cell Biology. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:1919-1925. [PMID: 35427642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) contribute prominently to all allergic diseases, yet are still poorly understood owing to their exclusive residence in tissues. Recently, the use of RNA-sequencing, proteomics, and other technological advances have accelerated the acquisition of new knowledge. This includes an expanded definition of MC heterogeneity and developmental origins, previously unrecognized functions for MCs, discoveries of genetic causes of MC-related disorders, the introduction of new therapies for clonal MC disease, and the identification of new potential target for treatments. This issue of Advances addresses key studies from 2020 to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Boyce
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass.
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15
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Dahlin JS, Maurer M, Metcalfe DD, Pejler G, Sagi‐Eisenberg R, Nilsson G. The ingenious mast cell: Contemporary insights into mast cell behavior and function. Allergy 2022; 77:83-99. [PMID: 33955017 DOI: 10.1111/all.14881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are (in)famous for their role in allergic diseases, but the physiological and pathophysiological roles of this ingenious cell are still not fully understood. Mast cells are important for homeostasis and surveillance of the human system, recognizing both endogenous and exogenous agents, which induce release of a variety of mediators acting on both immune and non-immune cells, including nerve cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and epithelial cells. During recent years, clinical and experimental studies on human mast cells, as well as experiments using animal models, have resulted in many discoveries that help decipher the function of mast cells in health and disease. In this review, we focus particularly on new insights into mast cell biology, with a focus on mast cell development, recruitment, heterogeneity, and reactivity. We also highlight the development in our understanding of mast cell-driven diseases and discuss the development of novel strategies to treat such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joakim S. Dahlin
- Division of Immunology and Allergy Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Dermatological Allergology Allergie‐Centrum‐Charité Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Dean D. Metcalfe
- Mast Cell Biology Section Laboratory of Allergic Diseases NIAID, NIH Bethesda MD USA
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Ronit Sagi‐Eisenberg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Gunnar Nilsson
- Division of Immunology and Allergy Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
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16
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Jiang HS, Zhuang SC, Lam CH, Chang LY, Angata T. Recent Progress in the Methodologies to Identify Physiological Ligands of Siglecs. Front Immunol 2021; 12:813082. [PMID: 34956244 PMCID: PMC8702521 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.813082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Siglecs, a family of receptor-like lectins, recognize glycoproteins and/or glycolipids containing sialic acid in the extracellular space and transduce intracellular signaling. Recently, researchers uncovered significant contributions of Siglecs in cancer immunity, renewing interest in this family of proteins. Previous extensive studies have defined how Siglecs recognize glycan epitopes (glycotopes). Nevertheless, the biological role of these glycotopes has not been fully evaluated. Recent studies using live cells have begun unraveling the constituents of Siglec ligands. These studies demonstrated that glycoprotein scaffolds (counter-receptors) displaying glycotopes are sometimes just as important as the glycotope itself. These new insights may guide future efforts to develop therapeutic agents to target the Siglec – ligand axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Syuan Jiang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chien Zhuang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chak Hin Lam
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Yi Chang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Dunn JLM, Rothenberg ME. 2021 year in review: Spotlight on eosinophils. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 149:517-524. [PMID: 34838883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights recent advances in the understanding of eosinophils and eosinophilic diseases, particularly eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases during the last year. The increasing incidence of diseases marked by eosinophilia has been documented and highlighted the need to understand eosinophil biology and eosinophilic contributions to disease. Significant insight into the nature of eosinophilic diseases has been achieved using next-generation sequencing technologies, proteomic analysis, and machine learning to analyze tissue biopsies. These technologies have elucidated mechanistic underpinnings of eosinophilic inflammation, delineated patient endotypes, and identified patient responses to therapeutic intervention. Importantly, recent clinical studies using mAbs that interfere with type 2 cytokine signaling or deplete eosinophils point to multiple and complex roles of eosinophils in tissues. Several studies identified distinct activation features of eosinophils in different tissues and disease states. The confluence of these studies supports a new paradigm of tissue-resident eosinophils that have pro- and anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory roles in allergic disease. Improved understanding of unique eosinophil activation states is now poised to identify novel therapeutic targets for eosinophilic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L M Dunn
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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18
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Jung J, Enterina JR, Bui DT, Mozaneh F, Lin PH, Nitin, Kuo CW, Rodrigues E, Bhattacherjee A, Raeisimakiani P, Daskhan GC, St. Laurent CD, Khoo KH, Mahal LK, Zandberg WF, Huang X, Klassen JS, Macauley MS. Carbohydrate Sulfation As a Mechanism for Fine-Tuning Siglec Ligands. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2673-2689. [PMID: 34661385 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory family of Siglecs recognizes sialic acid-containing glycans as "self", which is exploited in cancer for immune evasion. The biochemical nature of Siglec ligands remains incompletely understood, with emerging evidence suggesting the importance of carbohydrate sulfation. Here, we investigate how specific sulfate modifications affect Siglec ligands by overexpressing eight carbohydrate sulfotransferases (CHSTs) in five cell lines. Overexpression of three CHSTs─CHST1, CHST2, or CHST4─significantly enhance the binding of numerous Siglecs. Unexpectedly, two other CHSTs (Gal3ST2 and Gal3ST3) diminish Siglec binding, suggesting a new mode to modulate Siglec ligands via sulfation. Results are cell type dependent, indicating that the context in which sulfated glycans are presented is important. Moreover, a pharmacological blockade of N- and O-glycan maturation reveals a cell-type-specific pattern of importance for either class of glycan. Production of a highly homogeneous Siglec-3 (CD33) fragment enabled a mass-spectrometry-based binding assay to determine ≥8-fold and ≥2-fold enhanced affinity for Neu5Acα2-3(6-O-sulfo)Galβ1-4GlcNAc and Neu5Acα2-3Galβ1-4(6-O-sulfo)GlcNAc, respectively, over Neu5Acα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc. CD33 shows significant additivity in affinity (≥28-fold) for the disulfated ligand, Neu5Acα2-3(6-O-sulfo)Galβ1-4(6-O-sulfo)GlcNAc. Moreover, joint overexpression of CHST1 with CHST2 in cells greatly enhanced the binding of CD33 and several other Siglecs. Finally, we reveal that CHST1 is upregulated in numerous cancers, correlating with poorer survival rates and sodium chlorate sensitivity for the binding of Siglecs to cancer cell lines. These results provide new insights into carbohydrate sulfation as a general mechanism for tuning Siglec ligands on cells, including in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesoo Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Jhon R. Enterina
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2J7, Canada
| | - Duong T. Bui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Fahima Mozaneh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Po-Han Lin
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Nitin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Chu-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Emily Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | | | | | - Gour C. Daskhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | | | - Kay-Hooi Khoo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Lara K. Mahal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Wesley F. Zandberg
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - John S. Klassen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Matthew S. Macauley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2J7, Canada
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19
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Delemarre T, Bochner BS, Simon HU, Bachert C. Rethinking neutrophils and eosinophils in chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:327-335. [PMID: 33895002 PMCID: PMC8355033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) often is characterized by an eosinophilic inflammatory pattern, nowadays referred to as type 2 inflammation, although the mucosal inflammation is dominated by neutrophils in about a third of the patients. Neutrophils are typically predominant in 50% of patients with CRS without nasal polyps, but also are found to play a role in patients with severe type 2 CRS with nasal polyp disease. This review aims at summarizing the current understanding of the eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation in CRS pathophysiology, and provides a discussion of their reciprocal interactions and the clinical impact of the mixed presentation in patients with severe type 2 CRS with nasal polyps. A solid understanding of these interactions is of utmost importance when treating uncontrolled severe CRS with nasal polyps with biologicals that are preferentially directed toward type 2 inflammation. We here focus on recent findings on both eosinophilic and neutrophilic granulocytes, their subgroups and the activation status, and their interactions in CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Delemarre
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruce S Bochner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; the Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Claus Bachert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Division of ENT Diseases, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, International Airway Research Center, Guangzhou, China.
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20
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Abstract
A dense and diverse array of glycans on glycoproteins and glycolipids decorate all cell surfaces. In vertebrates, many of these carry sialic acid, in a variety of linkages and glycan contexts, as their outermost sugar moiety. Among their functions, glycans engage complementary glycan binding proteins (lectins) to regulate cell physiology. Among the glycan binding proteins are the Siglecs, sialic acid binding immunoglobulin-like lectins. In humans, there are 14 Siglecs, most of which are expressed on overlapping subsets of immune system cells. Each Siglec engages distinct, endogenous sialylated glycans that initiate signaling programs and regulate cellular responses. Here, we explore the emerging science of Siglec ligands, including endogenous sialoglycoproteins and glycolipids and synthetic sialomimetics. Knowledge in this field promises to reveal new molecular pathways controlling cell physiology and new opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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21
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Discovery, Function, and Therapeutic Targeting of Siglec-8. Cells 2020; 10:cells10010019. [PMID: 33374255 PMCID: PMC7823959 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Siglecs (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins) are single-pass cell surface receptors that have inhibitory activities on immune cells. Among these, Siglec-8 is a CD33-related family member selectively expressed on human mast cells and eosinophils, and at low levels on basophils. These cells can participate in inflammatory responses by releasing mediators that attract or activate other cells, contributing to the pathogenesis of allergic and non-allergic diseases. Since its discovery in 2000, initial in vitro studies have found that the engagement of Siglec-8 with a monoclonal antibody or with selective polyvalent sialoglycan ligands induced the cell death of eosinophils and inhibited mast cell degranulation. Anti-Siglec-8 antibody administration in vivo to humanized and transgenic mice selectively expressing Siglec-8 on mouse eosinophils and mast cells confirmed the in vitro findings, and identified additional anti-inflammatory effects. AK002 (lirentelimab) is a humanized non-fucosylated IgG1 antibody against Siglec-8 in clinical development for mast cell- and eosinophil-mediated diseases. AK002 administration has safely demonstrated the inhibition of mast cell activity and the depletion of eosinophils in several phase 1 and phase 2 trials. This article reviews the discovery and functions of Siglec-8, and strategies for its therapeutic targeting for the treatment of eosinophil- and mast cell-associated diseases.
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