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Kalanlar B, Kuru Alıcı N, Öner M. Individual Earthquake Resilience Scale: Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version. J Emerg Nurs 2024; 50:436-443. [PMID: 38402468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Individual Earthquake Resilience Scale was developed with the aim of measuring individual resilience in the context of earthquake disasters. The purpose of this study was to adapt the Individual Earthquake Resilience Scale into Turkish and examine its psychometric properties. METHODS A total of 419 adult individuals (65.2% females, median age = 43.35) participated in the study. The psychometric properties of the scale were examined in terms of content validity, face validity, construct validity, criterion-related validity, and reliability. Translation and back-translation processes were conducted. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the scale has a 4-factor structure. In terms of criterion-related validity, a positive relationship was found between Individual Earthquake Resilience and the Short Psychological Resilience Scale. The reliability of the scale was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The total scale had a Cronbach's alpha score of 0.892. The Individual Earthquake Resilience Questionnaire subscales had Cronbach's alpha scores of 0.620, 0.817, 0.776, and 0.692, respectively. DISCUSSION The study confirmed that the 4-factor structure of the Individual Earthquake Resilience Scale met the required standards for validity and reliability at an acceptable level. This validates its use in assessing individual resilience within the context of earthquakes in a Turkish-speaking population.
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Lei LKS, Suen YN, Hui CLM, Chan SKW, Lee EHM, Michael WTH, Chen EYH. Age-related differences in the impact of resilience on mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2024; 39:e6087. [PMID: 38613130 DOI: 10.1002/gps.6087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated changes in mental health in Hong Kong over two years and examined the role of resilience and age in mitigating the negative effects of public health emergencies, particularly the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Complete data of interest from two telephone surveys conducted in 2020 (n = 1182) and 2021 (n = 1108) were analysed. Participants self-reported depressive and anxiety symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire 4-item version (PHQ), psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) using three items from the Prodromal Questionnaire Brief (PQB), and resilience using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 2-item version (CD-RISC-2). RESULTS We observed an increase in the percentage of participants with high depressive and anxiety symptoms and PLEs from 1.6% to 6.5% between 2020 and 2021. The likelihood of having high depressive and anxiety symptoms or PLEs depended on resilience and age, with no significant between-year differences. Resilience and age interaction effects were significant when comparing the high PHQ-high PQB group to the low PHQ-low PQB group only in 2021 but not in 2020. CONCLUSIONS This study provides valuable insights into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in Hong Kong, emphasising the age-dependent nature of resilience in mitigating negative effects. Future research should explore the mechanisms by which resilience promotes mental health and well-being and identify ways to enhance resilience among older individuals during public health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Ka Shun Lei
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi Nam Suen
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Christy Lai Ming Hui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sherry Kit Wa Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Edwin Ho Ming Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wong Tak Hing Michael
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eric Yu Hai Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Soqia J, Ghareeb A, Hadakie R, Alsamara K, Forbes D, Jawich K, Al-Homsi A, Kakaje A. The mental health impact of the 2023 earthquakes on the Syrian population: cross-sectional study. BJPsych Open 2023; 10:e1. [PMID: 38037419 PMCID: PMC10755557 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2023.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural disasters have a significant impact on the mental health of affected populations. The February 2023 earthquakes in Syria and Turkey caused widespread devastation. AIMS To explore the mental health impact of the earthquakes in Syria on the population across areas differentially damaged by the disaster. METHOD This cross-sectional study conducted in Syria included 1406 adults recruited via social media platforms 1 month after the February 2023 earthquakes. Demographic information, earthquake exposure questions, the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5: for probable post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9: for probable depression) and the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7: for probable anxiety) were included to compare outcomes across areas severely, moderately and slightly damaged by the earthquakes. RESULTS Probable PTSD and GAD rates were higher in the severely (57.9 and 57.3% respectively) and moderately damaged regions (55.4 and 56.3% respectively) than in the slightly damaged regions (44.6 and 48.3% respectively) (PTSD: P < 0.001, GAD: P = 0.005). More participants in severely damaged regions (60.6%) reported symptoms of depression compared with moderately (53.1%) and slightly damaged (50.8%) regions (P = 0.003). Poorer mental health outcomes were associated with being female, single, younger, having a damaged or destroyed house, seeing something tragic in person and hearing tragic stories. Seeing something tragic on social media was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the higher prevalence of probable mental disorders in areas with more severe earthquake damage, with over 50% of the population reporting probable PTSD, depression or anxiety. The study also suggests a significant cumulative effect of these earthquakes on an already trauma- and disaster-affected population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rana Hadakie
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Syria
| | - Kinda Alsamara
- Centre for Arab and Islamic Studies, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - David Forbes
- Phoenix Australia – Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kenda Jawich
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Syria
| | | | - Ameer Kakaje
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Syria; and University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
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Tu Z, He J, Wang Z, Song M, Tian J, Wang C, Ba J, Shen X. Psychometric properties of the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale in Chinese military personnel. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1163382. [PMID: 37599761 PMCID: PMC10437071 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1163382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) is a widely used assessment of resilience. However, psychometric properties of the Chinese version of CD-RISC-10 have not been well investigated in a Chinese military personnel sample. Methods A total of 3,129 Chinese military personnel completed the CD-RISC-10, Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). Among them, 528 recruits completed the CD-RISC-10, SAS, and SDS again after 3-month basic military training (BMT). Meanwhile, the commanding officers were asked to rate recruits' training performance on the training performance rating scale for recruits (TPRS). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was implemented to examine the single-factor model of the CD-RISC-10, and multigroup CFA was conducted to test measurement invariance across military rank (officers vs. enlisted), gender (male vs. female), and time (before and after 3-month BMT). Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω, and test-retest reliability was tested using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). The criterion-related validity of CD-RISC was evaluated using Pearson's correlation analysis between the CD-RISC-10 total score and SAS scores, SDS scores, and training performance ratings. Results The single-factor model of the CD-RISC-10 showed adequate fit (CFI = 0.955-0.970, TLI = 0.943-0.962, RMSEA = 0.059-0.072) in all examined subsamples (male, female, officer, and enlisted), and strict invariance was also supported across military rank, gender, and time (ΔCFI ≤ 0.001, ΔTLI ≤ 0.005, ΔRMSEA ≤ 0.006). The CD-RISC-10 showed good internal consistency in all subsamples (Cronbach's α of > 0.93 and McDonald's ω of > 0.93) and good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.88). Moreover, concurrent and predictive validity with the SAS and SDS scores were good (r = -0.68 to -0.49, p < 0.001). The resilience level of recruits at the beginning of BMT was significantly associated with training performance rated by supervisors after training (r = 0.29, p < 0.001). Conclusion The psychometric evidence reported in this study suggests that the CD-RISC-10 is a reliable and valid assessment of resilience and a potential predictor for mental health and military performance in Chinese military personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Tu
- Navy Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Qingdao Special Servicemen Recuperation Center of PLA Navy, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jingwen He
- Department of Medical Psychology, No. 96110 Hospital, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
- Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziying Wang
- Navy Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingfang Song
- Navy Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianquan Tian
- Navy Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Navy Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbo Ba
- Navy Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghua Shen
- Navy Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Galvin M, Michel G, Pierre E, Manguira E, Lesorogol C, Trani JF, Iannotti L. Determinants of mental illness and care seeking behaviours in Northern Haiti: an assessment of demographic, social, and religio-cultural factors among patients at the first mental health clinic in the region. Ment Health Relig Cult 2023; 26:238-260. [PMID: 38037562 PMCID: PMC10688242 DOI: 10.1080/13674676.2023.2202901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Populations in countries such as Haiti demonstrate a high level of need for mental health care despite a lack of services and trained professionals. In addition to the dearth of biomedical services, local belief systems and explanatory models contribute to a majority of the population relying on traditional medicine as their first option for care. Using a mixed-methods approach, we aim to characterise mental illness at the first mental health clinic in the region - Sant Sante Mantal Mòn Pele (SSMMP) - by interviewing 96 patients with a demographic questionnaire as well as Anxiety, Depression, and Functionality Scales. Multivariate logistic and linear regression models were conducted examining the impact of demographic variables on whether patients believed their illness was caused by sent spirits or previously visited a Vodou priest for treatment, as well as Depression, Anxiety, and Functionality Scale scores. Factors associated with mental illness in this sample included sex, number of traumatic events, physical health status, and number of sessions attended at SSMMP. Factors which impacted traditional beliefs or practices related to mental illness included sex, age, and income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Galvin
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center (BMC), Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Mental Health Center at Morne Pelé, Nord, Haiti
| | | | - Edny Pierre
- Mental Health Center at Morne Pelé, Nord, Haiti
| | | | | | | | - Lora Iannotti
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Sun Y, Zeng H, Ye Z, Yang H, Liu Y, Zhu S, Liu N, Wu H, Bian X. Social isolation, psychological distress and resilience of Chinese college students during COVID-19 pandemic. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37036071 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2200345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
It has been 3 years since the first appearance of COVID-19 in China. During this time, social isolation was widely used as an important method to fight it. However, this measure had many negative effects on the mental health of college students. To better understand this issue, this study aims to explore the impact of social isolation and COVID-19-related stress on psychological distress among Chinese college students. Additionally, resilience has been evaluated as a key component of stress resistance in this situation. Coronavirus Stress Measure (CSM), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) were used in this study. A total of 388 Chinese college students participated in the survey via the Internet. Two groups (isolated group vs. non-isolated group) were divided according to whether they have been isolated from their classmates and families. Data analysis adopts t-test, F test and mediate effect analysis by SPSS21.0. (1) All factors, except resilience, were found to have lower scores in the isolated group; (2) significant correlations were found between all factors; (3) resilience partially mitigated the impact of COVID-19 stress on psychological symptoms. Social isolation has been found to be a significant factor contributing to negative psychological distress in Chinese college students. The COVID-19-related stress may increase the likelihood of psychological suffering among isolated group. Resilience can help reduce the negative effects of COVID-19 stress on college students. Therefore, providing appropriate psychological support tailored to different isolation situations is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- YueYi Sun
- Department of psychology, School of Medicine and Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - HanJin Zeng
- Department of psychology, School of Medicine and Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - Zhuang Ye
- Department of psychology, School of Medicine and Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - HuangYueYing Yang
- Department of psychology, School of Medicine and Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - YeXiao Liu
- Psychiatry Department, Zhangjiagang Fourth People's Hospital, Zhangjiagang, P.R.China
| | - ShuYue Zhu
- Department of psychology, School of Medicine and Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of psychology, School of Medicine and Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - HaiYing Wu
- Department of psychology, School of Medicine and Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - XiaoHua Bian
- School of Educational Science, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, P.R.China
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Guo Z, Cui Y, Yang T, Liu X, Lu H, Zhang Y, Zhu X. Network analysis of affect, emotion regulation, psychological capital, and resilience among Chinese males during the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1144420. [PMID: 37050952 PMCID: PMC10083324 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1144420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPrevious studies have confirmed that both affect and emotion regulation strategies are closely associated with psychological capital (PsyCap) and resilience. These factors are assumed to buffer the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, especially among males. However, these interactions have not been closely examined to date. To fill this gap, this paper explores the dimension-level relationships of these psychological constructs among Chinese males during the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic and identified critical bridge dimensions using network analysis.MethodsA total of 1,490 Chinese males aged 21–51 years completed self-report scales assessing emotion regulation strategies, affect, PsyCap, and psychological resilience. Two regularized partial correlation networks, namely the affect and emotion regulation-PsyCap network and the affect and emotion regulation-psychological resilience network, were then constructed to examine links between the dimensions of these constructs. The bridge expected influence (BEI) index was also calculated for each node to identify important bridge nodes.ResultsPositive affect, negative affect, cognitive reappraisal, and expressive suppression showed distinct and complex links to various dimensions of PsyCap or psychological resilience. In both networks, positive affect, cognitive reappraisal, and negative affect were identified as critical bridge nodes, with the first two having positive BEI values and the third having a negative value.ConclusionThe findings elucidate the specific role of the dimensions of emotion regulation or affect in relation to PsyCap and psychological resilience, which facilitates further understanding of the mechanisms underlying these interrelationships. These findings also provide implications for developing effective intervention strategies to increase PsyCap and psychological resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Guo
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tianqi Yang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xufeng Liu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hongliang Lu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yinling Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Yinling Zhang,
| | - Xia Zhu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Xia Zhu,
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Resilience level and its association with maladaptive coping behaviours in the COVID-19 pandemic: a global survey of the general populations. Global Health 2023; 19:1. [PMID: 36597129 PMCID: PMC9808687 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-022-00903-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has induced a significant global concern on mental health. However few studies have measured the ability of individuals to "withstand setbacks, adapt positively, and bounce back from adversity" on a global scale. We aimed to examine the level of resilience, its determinants, and its association with maladaptive coping behaviours during the pandemic. METHODS The Association of Pacific Rim Universities (APRU) conducted a global survey involving 26 countries by online, self-administered questionnaire (October 2020-December 2021). It was piloted-tested and validated by an expert panel of epidemiologists and primary care professionals. We collected data on socio-demographics, socioeconomic status, clinical information, lifestyle habits, and resilience levels measured by the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) among adults aged ≥ 18 years. We examined factors associated with low resilience level, and evaluated whether low resilience was correlated with engagement of maladaptive coping behaviours. RESULTS From 1,762 surveys, the prevalence of low resilience level (BRS score 1.00-2.99) was 36.4% (America/Europe) and 24.1% (Asia Pacific). Young age (18-29 years; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.31-0.58 in older age groups), female gender (aOR = 1.72, 95% C.I. = 1.34-2.20), poorer financial situation in the past 6 months (aOR = 2.32, 95% C.I. = 1.62-3.34), the presence of one (aOR = 1.56, 95% C.I. = 1.19-2.04) and more than two (aOR = 2.32, 95% C.I. = 1.59-3.39) medical conditions were associated with low resilience level. Individuals with low resilience were significantly more likely to consume substantially more alcohol than usual (aOR = 3.84, 95% C.I. = 1.62-9.08), take considerably more drugs (aOR = 12.1, 95% C.I. = 2.72-54.3), buy supplements believed to be good for treating COVID-19 (aOR = 3.34, 95% C.I. = 1.56-7.16), exercise less than before the pandemic (aOR = 1.76, 95% C.I. = 1.09-2.85), consume more unhealthy food than before the pandemic (aOR = 2.84, 95% C.I. = 1.72-4.67), self-isolate to stay away from others to avoid infection (aOR = 1.83, 95% C.I. = 1.09-3.08), have an excessive urge to disinfect hands for avoidance of disease (aOR = 3.08, 95% C.I. = 1.90-4.99) and transmission (aOR = 2.54, 95% C.I. = 1.57-4.10). CONCLUSIONS We found an association between low resilience and maladaptive coping behaviours in the COVID-19 pandemic. The risk factors identified for low resilience in this study were also conditions known to be related to globalization-related economic and social inequalities. Our findings could inform design of population-based, resilience-enhancing intervention programmes.
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Hoffman J, Ben-Zion Z, Arévalo A, Duek O, Greene T, Hall BJ, Harpaz-Rotem I, Liddell B, Locher C, Morina N, Nickerson A, Pfaltz MC, Schick M, Schnyder U, Seedat S, Shatri F, Sit HF, von Känel R, Spiller TR. Mapping the availability of translated versions of posttraumatic stress disorder screening questionnaires for adults: A scoping review. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2143019. [PMID: 38872602 PMCID: PMC9724641 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2022.2143019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The most used questionnaires for PTSD screening in adults were developed in English. Although many of these questionnaires were translated into other languages, the procedures used to translate them and to evaluate their reliability and validity have not been consistently documented. This comprehensive scoping review aimed to compile the currently available translated and evaluated questionnaires used for PTSD screening, and highlight important gaps in the literature.Objective: This review aimed to map the availability of translated and evaluated screening questionnaires for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for adults.Methods: All peer-reviewed studies in which a PTSD screening questionnaire for adults was translated, and which reported at least one result of a qualitative and /or quantitative evaluation procedure were included. The literature was searched using Embase, MEDLINE, and APA PsycInfo, citation searches and contributions from study team members. There were no restrictions regarding the target languages of the translations. Data on the translation procedure, the qualitative evaluation, the quantitative evaluation (dimensionality of the questionnaire, reliability, and performance), and open access were extracted.Results: A total of 866 studies were screened, of which 126 were included. Collectively, 128 translations of 12 different questionnaires were found. Out of these, 105 (83.3%) studies used a forward and backward translation procedure, 120 (95.2%) assessed the reliability of the translated questionnaire, 60 (47.6%) the dimensionality, 49 (38.9%) the performance, and 42 (33.3%) used qualitative evaluation procedures. Thirty-four questionnaires (27.0%) were either freely available or accessible on request.Conclusions: The analyses conducted and the description of the methods and results varied substantially, making a quality assessment impractical. Translations into languages spoken in middle- or low-income countries were underrepresented. In addition, only a small proportion of all translated questionnaires were available. Given the need for freely accessible translations, an online repository was developed.HIGHLIGHTS We mapped the availability of translated PTSD screening questionnaires.The quality of the translation and validation processes is very heterogenous.We created a repository for translated, validated PTSD screening questionnaires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Hoffman
- School of Psychology, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ziv Ben-Zion
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut, Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Adrián Arévalo
- Facultad de Medicina & Neuron Research Group Lima, Universidad de Piura, Lima, Perú
- Facultad de Medicina "San Fernando", Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | - Or Duek
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut, Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Talya Greene
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Brian J Hall
- Center for Global Health equity, New York University (Shanghai), Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ilan Harpaz-Rotem
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut, Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Cosima Locher
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Naser Morina
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Monique C Pfaltz
- Department of Psychology and Social Work, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Matthis Schick
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fatlinda Shatri
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hao Fong Sit
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Roland von Känel
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias R Spiller
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut, Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Llistosella M, Castellvi P, Miranda-Mendizabal A, Recoder S, Calbo E, Casajuana-Closas M, Leiva D, Manolov R, Matilla-Santander N, Forero CG. Low Resilience Was a Risk Factor of Mental Health Problems during the COVID-19 Pandemic but Not in Individuals Exposed to COVID-19: A Cohort Study in Spanish Adult General Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15398. [PMID: 36430116 PMCID: PMC9690878 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim is to analyze whether people with low resilience are at higher risk of mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spanish adults. METHODS a longitudinal cohort study was carried out. Resilience was measured with the CD-RISC. Mental health problems that were assessed included: Major Depressive Episode (MDE), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors (STB), and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms. RESULTS we found statistically significant differences between groups and resilience scores in MDE [F (3; 48.40) = 19.55], GAD [F (3; 19.63) = 6.45] and STB [F (3; 111.74) = 31.94]. Multivariable analyses showed individuals with very low resilience were at a 5-fold risk of Incidence of MDE and a 4-fold risk of STB. Persistent group presented a 21-fold risk of MDE and 54-fold risk of STB. No evidence of higher risk was found for GAD. Individuals with low resilience and exposed to COVID-19 were not at higher risk. Individuals with low resilience were at higher risk of PTSD in general population [β(95% CI) = -3.25 (-3.969 to -2.54)], but not for individuals with COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS in the general population, having low or very low resilience increases the risk of suffering MDE, STB, and PTSD, but not GAD during the COVID-19 pandemic, and not in the population with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Llistosella
- Primary Health Care, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, 08227 Terrassa, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Universitat International de Catalunya (UIC), 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Pere Castellvi
- School of Medicine, International University of Catalonia (UIC), 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | | | - Silvia Recoder
- Department of Basic Sciences, International University of Catalonia (UIC), 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ester Calbo
- Servei Català de la Salut, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Casajuana-Closas
- Institut Universitari de Investigació en Atenció Primaria Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Leiva
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, University of Barcelona (UB), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rumen Manolov
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, University of Barcelona (UB), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Matilla-Santander
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, The Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlos G. Forero
- School of Medicine, International University of Catalonia (UIC), 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
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Nejati-Zarnaqi B, Khorasani-Zavareh D, Ghaffari M, Sabour S, Sohrabizadeh S. Factors Challenging the Spiritual Rehabilitation of Iranian Men Affected by Natural Disasters: A Qualitative Study. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2022; 61:3129-3150. [PMID: 35723799 PMCID: PMC9208349 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-022-01590-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spiritual health is one important dimension of human health. Natural disasters, however, can adversely affect human spiritual health. One of the undeniable requirements of disaster management is the spiritual rehabilitation of victims to help them recover to their pre-disaster health conditions. This study aimed to explore the factors challenging the spiritual rehabilitation of Iranian men suffering from natural disasters based on the experiences of key informants. The participants were 19 spiritual health experts in post-disaster spiritual rehabilitation. Participants were selected using a purposive sampling method until data saturation was reached. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Granheim and Lundman (2004) content analysis method. The factors challenging men's spiritual rehabilitation were classified into 6 main categories and 16 subcategories. The extracted categories included (i) correcting victims' perspectives, (ii) describing God's characteristics, (iii) seeking help from God, (iv) strengthening spiritual beliefs, (v) psychological factors, and (vi) tranquility factors. Our findings identified the important factors challenging the spiritual rehabilitation of the men victimized by natural disasters, which needed to be considered by responsible organizations and health sectors. Particularly, the organizations in charge of disaster management should take necessary measures and plans during the post-disaster phase to restore people's spiritual health. Spiritual health, currently a neglected dimension of health, should be considered people's in parallel with physical, psychological, and social health dimensions. Our results can be helpful in developing action plans for delivering a comprehensive spiritual rehabilitation service, which would help to lead to the full rehabilitation of victims after natural disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayram Nejati-Zarnaqi
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davoud Khorasani-Zavareh
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohtasham Ghaffari
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siamak Sabour
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1983969411, Velenjak, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sanaz Sohrabizadeh
- Air Quality and Climate Change Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Algahtani FD, Alsaif B, Ahmed AA, Almishaal AA, Obeidat ST, Mohamed RF, Kamel RM, Gul I, Hassan SUN. Using Spiritual Connections to Cope With Stress and Anxiety During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2022; 13:915290. [PMID: 35967642 PMCID: PMC9371003 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.915290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the initial phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, stress and anxiety were pervasive among the masses due to high morbidity and mortality. Besides the fear of coronavirus was also particularly driven by social media. Many people started to look for faith and spiritual connections to gain comfort. The role of spiritual ties and religious beliefs in relation to coping with pandemic stress has acquired the attention of researchers in some parts of the world. This cross-sectional survey aimed at assessing the intensity of stress and anxiety symptoms experienced by people and how much they were alleviated by employing spiritual connections. The study sample comprises 795 respondents with 52% males and 48% females living in Saudi Arabia. The brief online study questionnaire collected data about background variables, anxiety and stress scale from DASS-21, and items from the WHOQOL (SRBP) instrument assessed the use of spiritual beliefs to cope. Multiple regression models were tested to determine the role of spiritual connections after adjusting demographic variables. Results illustrated that after adjusting for gender and age, participants' anxiety symptoms decreased by (β = -0.27; p = 0.000) units with each unit increase in the use of spiritual connections, and participants' stress symptoms reduce by (β = -0.36; p = 0.000) units with each unit increase in coping with spirituality. Additionally, females' risk to experience anxiety and stress symptoms was more than males [(β = 0.88; p = 0.01) and (β = 0.92; p = 0.000)], respectively. An increase in age decreases the likelihood of experiencing anxiety symptoms and stress symptoms by (β = -0.75; p = 0.02) and (β = -0.11; p = 0.000) units, respectively. Findings support the protective role of spiritual connections despite small beta coefficients. The social and cultural context in Saudi Arabia favors deep-rooted connections with spirituality and faith. Our findings support the fact that the reliance on spiritual connections helped older people to deal with exaggerated fear during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic and reduces the risk of experiencing anxiety and stress symptoms. Females and younger participants were relatively vulnerable to developing these symptoms. We discussed these findings considering some recent studies that reported similar relationships and made recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad D. Algahtani
- College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Alsaif
- College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. Ahmed
- Department of Working With Individuals and Families, Faculty of Social Work, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
- Department of Social Sciences, College of Arts, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A. Almishaal
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sofian T. Obeidat
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania Fathy Mohamed
- College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Iram Gul
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Sehar un Nisa Hassan
- College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
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Margetić B, Peraica T, Stojanović K, Ivanec D. Spirituality, Personality, and Emotional Distress During COVID-19 Pandemic in Croatia. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2022; 61:644-656. [PMID: 34993678 PMCID: PMC8736315 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the association between spiritual quality of life (QoL), spiritual coping, emotional distress, and personality during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in a convenience sample of Croatian adults (n = 2,860, 80.6% women). Participants completed an online questionnaire that collected information on sociodemographic characteristics, distress (the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21), spiritual coping and spiritual QoL (the WHO Quality of Life-Spirituality, Religiousness, and Personal Beliefs), and personality (the International Personality Item Pool). The hierarchical regression analysis demonstrated that personality traits, especially emotional stability, were the most significant predictors of mental health outcomes. Spiritual coping styles were a predictor of worse, while spiritual QoL of better psychological outcomes. Results demonstrate the complex relations between different aspects of spirituality/religiosity with personality and emotional outcomes and suggest that distress motivates the engagement of spiritual coping in times of disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branimir Margetić
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Avenija Gojka Šuška 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tina Peraica
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Avenija Gojka Šuška 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Stojanović
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Avenija Gojka Šuška 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dragutin Ivanec
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia
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Harris K, Haddock G, Peters S, Gooding P. Psychometric properties of the Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale (SIDAS) in a longitudinal sample of people experiencing non-affective psychosis. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:628. [PMID: 34915870 PMCID: PMC8675490 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03639-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal ideation is a key precursor for suicide attempts and suicide deaths. Performing routine screening of suicide precursors can help identify people who are at high risk of death by suicide. This is, arguably, an important suicide prevention effort. The aim of this study was to assess the validity, reliability, and factor structure of the Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale (SIDAS) in a three-month longitudinal study with people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or non-affective psychosis and experiences of suicidal ideation and/or behaviours. It was predicted that the SIDAS would have high internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent, discriminant and construct validity. METHODS Ninety-nine participants experiencing psychosis completed the SIDAS at baseline and 89 participants completed it 3 months later. Additionally, participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Defeat and Entrapment Scales. The internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the SIDAS were investigated in comparison to other constructs. Factor analysis was performed to examine the factor structure of the scale. RESULTS Principal component analysis yielded a theoretically coherent one-dimensional factor structure of SIDAS, suggesting good construct validity (PCA = .71). The SIDAS had high internal consistency (α = .89) and good test-retest reliability (α = .73). It was highly correlated with other self-report measures, including the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Defeat and Entrapment scales, indicating excellent construct validity. CONCLUSION The SIDAS is a valid and reliable self-report instrument for assessing the severity of suicidal ideation in a population of people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or non-affective psychosis. Further research should test the psychometric properties of the scale in individuals experiencing different mental health problems in cross-cultural settings, in order to establish its broader validity, reliability, and clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamelia Harris
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Zochonis Building, Brunswick Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Gillian Haddock
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Zochonis Building, Brunswick Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, MAHSC, Manchester, UK
| | - Sarah Peters
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Zochonis Building, Brunswick Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Patricia Gooding
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Zochonis Building, Brunswick Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, MAHSC, Manchester, UK
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Surzykiewicz J, Konaszewski K, Skalski S, Dobrakowski PP, Muszyńska J. Resilience and Mental Health in the Polish Population during the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Mediation Analysis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:4974. [PMID: 34768494 PMCID: PMC8584348 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to assess the state of resilience and well-being in the Polish population during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also assessed the relationship between resilience and mental health. Finally, we tested the mediating role of COVID-19 anxiety, persistent thinking, and the stress burden in the relationship between mental health and resilience. This research perspective can provide important insights into how individuals can become mentally stronger during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This study included 1758 people (73% women) aged 18-80 years. The procedure consisted of completing a questionnaire measuring well-being, COVID-19 anxiety, obsession with COVID-19, stress over COVID-19, and resilience. RESULTS Bootstrap sampling analysis showed significant partial mediators for the relationship between resilience and well-being. Important mediators were coronavirus anxiety, persistent thinking, and perceived stress. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study clearly indicate that resilience as a protective factor is associated with reduced anxiety about COVID-19, perceived stress burden, obsessive thoughts about the pandemic, and increased well-being of individuals. Resilience plays an important role in minimizing negative and enhancing positive health indicators in the face of challenging life events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Surzykiewicz
- Faculty of Philosophy and Education, Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, 85051 Eichstaett, Germany
- Faculty of Education, Cardinal Wyszynski University in Warsaw, 01815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Konaszewski
- Faculty of Education, University of Bialystok, 15328 Bialystok, Poland; (K.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Sebastian Skalski
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00950 Warsaw, Poland;
| | | | - Jolanta Muszyńska
- Faculty of Education, University of Bialystok, 15328 Bialystok, Poland; (K.K.); (J.M.)
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Laconi S, Ramaye D, Kalaitzaki A. [Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: Comparison between residents of metropolitan France and of Reunion Island]. L'ENCEPHALE 2021; 47:413-419. [PMID: 33541714 PMCID: PMC7816580 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic raised a lot of anxiety around the world. France is composed of several overseas territories with major cultural differences but also with a different exposure to the COVID-19. Reunion Island is the most populated overseas French department, but few researches have focused on this population. Therefore, the main objective was to explore and compare the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (perceived stress, risk and fear of being infected, severity, lockdown respect, perceived stress, quality of life, quality of relationship, loneliness, resilience) during the lockdown among residents of metropolitan France and of Reunion Island. MATERIAL AND METHODS A sample of 347 participants, aged from 18 to 78 (M=37.90; DS=13.20) replied to a questionnaire posted online during the last ten days of the lockdown in France. The sample is divided into 227 metropolitans (M=38.24 DS=13.41; 13.2% of men) and 120 residents of Reunion Island (M=37.26; DS=12.81; 31.7% of men). Resilience, loneliness and perceived stress have been assessed using validating scales while specific items have been created to assess COVID-19 impacts. RESULTS The majority of the total sample has been little exposed to the COVID-19, but the estimated severity was high throughout the sample. Several significant differences have been observed between overseas and metropolitans. The latter, who were more exposed, were more respectful of lockdown measures and felt more concerned about being contaminated. They also had different professional activities (work at home, stop working) since the lockdown than did the overseas sample. Non-significant higher scores of resilience and quality of life during the lockdown contrast in the overseas sample, who estimated risk, fear and severity similarly. In correlational analyses, many relationships were significant only in one sample. For example, in metropolitans the higher the loneliness, the higher the severity. In the other sample, the higher the perceived stress, the higher the respect of lockdown measures, while more metropolitans felt lonely the more they respected these measures. Regressional analysis showed different predictive variables of the scores of perceived stress and fear of being contaminated. In metropolitans, stress was explained by COVID-19 related variables (fear, severity, respect), loneliness and negatively by resilience and quality of life while in the other sample it was explained by fear of being infected and negatively by resilience. Fear of being infected was explained by risk and stress in the overseas, but also by quality of life in the metropolitan sample. CONCLUSIONS This study brings new data on the important psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on two French samples. Observed differences highlight a higher fear of being infected among the metropolitans who were generally more exposed. Overseas from La Réunion did not feel more spared by this risk, despite the limited number of cases since the appearance of the first case in March 11th and the end of the lockdown in May 11th. Despite exposure, our results could be explained by several cultural differences such as way of life or beliefs. Overseas life in Reunion Island might bring more resilience and less loneliness given the particular familial, social and religious functioning. Given the limits of this study and the lack of similar comparisons, more work could highlight the protective factors of these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Laconi
- Laboratoire centre d'études et de recherches en psychopathologie et psychologie de la santé (CERPPS) EA 7411, Université Toulouse 2 Jean-Jaurès, UFR de psychologie, Bureau M153, 5, allée Antonio-Machado, 31058 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
| | - D Ramaye
- Centre de recherche risques et vulnérabilités (CERREV) EA 3918, université de Caen Normandie, esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, 14302 Caen cedex, France
| | - A Kalaitzaki
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Enhancement of Quality of Life (Quality of Life Lab) of the Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Grèce
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Amanda AR, Hidajah AC, Wahyuni CU. The Effect of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder on Women After The Earthquake in Central Sulawesi. JURNAL BERKALA EPIDEMIOLOGI 2021. [DOI: 10.20473/jbe.v9i32021.303-309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychological disorder caused by uncommon occurrences such as threats or catastrophic events. Women are particularly susceptible to developing PTSD, as they have a range of threat perceptions. Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of PTSD on women survivor of the earthquake in the Sigi Biromaru sub-district of Central Sulawesi. Methods: This was a descriptive study conducted using a cross-sectional design. The population for this study were housewives who have been displaced by the earthquake and are currently residing in temporary shelters (Huntara) in a village located in the Sigi Biromaru sub-district. The instrument used in this study was the PTSD measurement questionnaire sheet. It was conducted from March to April 2020 and included a total of 115 participants. Univariate analysis was used to determine the respondents’ characteristics, including their age, education, occupation, income, and a description of the PTSD condition. Results: The results show that the majority of respondents experienced severe PTSD (70.43%). Most of the respondents (35.65%) were between the ages of 37 and 46, were senior high school graduates (40%), were unemployed (74%), and had earnings of < 2,500,000 (85.22%). Three variables that affect PTSD are education with a p-value of 0.03 < 0.05, job/occupation with a p-value of 0.02 < 0.05, and income with a p-value of 0.03 < 0.05. Conclusion: Women who are elderly, have a low level of education, are unemployed, and have low income are more vulnerable to experiencing PTSD.
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Lucchetti G, Koenig HG, Lucchetti ALG. Spirituality, religiousness, and mental health: A review of the current scientific evidence. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:7620-7631. [PMID: 34621814 PMCID: PMC8462234 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i26.7620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in the field of “Spirituality and Health” has been growing, with spirituality/religiousness (S/R) being consistently related to both physical and mental health. The objective of this article is to provide an updated review of the current scientific evidence on the relationship between S/R and mental health, highlighting the most important studies. As a secondary objective, the mechanisms that explain this relationship and the interventions that utilize this information in treating mental disorders will be discussed. The findings reveal a large body of evidence across numerous psychiatric disorders. Although solid evidence is now available for depression, suicidality, and substance use, other diagnosis, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, psychosis, and anxiety, have also shown promising results. The effects of S/R on mental health are likely bidirectional, and the manner in which religious beliefs are used to cope with distress (i.e. negative and positive), may affect mental health outcomes. Despite these findings, the mechanisms that explain these associations and the role of S/R interventions need further study. Concerning clinical practice, mental health providers should ask patients about S/R that are important in their lives to provide holistic and patient-centered care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Lucchetti
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36030-776, Brazil
| | - Harold G Koenig
- Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States
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Gautier L, Casseus T, Blanc J, Cloos P. What links can be made from narratives of migration and self-perceived health? A qualitative study with Haitian migrants settling in Quebec after the 2010 Haiti earthquake. J Migr Health 2021; 1-2:100017. [PMID: 34405170 PMCID: PMC8352163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2020.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In January 2010, Haiti was hit by a terrible earthquake that pushed thousands of people to migrate. Many of them chose to settle in Quebec, Canada. Years after the earthquake, many Haitians continue to migrate to the Quebec province. Several studies however have shown that this population's socioeconomic status is lower than the provincial average. Given the potential multiple stressors that affect Haitian migrants in Quebec, there are concerns about their health status. Located at the intersection of international migration studies and global public health, this paper offers an in-depth qualitative investigation of Haitian migrants' representations of both their situation and self-perceived health in Montreal, Quebec. Our perspective on migrant health was inspired by the World Health Organisation's framework on the social determinants of health and recent studies in the field of migrant health. We collected and analysed qualitative data from 23 key informants (i.e., 12 women and 11 men, aged 21-76 years old) from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. The analysis of the data from these people's narratives revealed the importance of structural determinants such as social position, and intermediate determinants such as living and working conditions. Our analysis also highlighted several interrelations between those determinants. Specifically, participants reported coping with issues related to migration status, income, occupation, language, challenging living and working conditions, and chronic stress. This study also shows that racism and social support each relate to both the structural and intermediate levels of the social determinants of health. The importance of social support brought by relatives, friends, as well as community-based organisations and religious practice, was underscored. Our findings were coherent with available literature looking at the determinants of health of racialized and migrant minorities in other high-income regions of the world. Our conclusive remarks featured reflections on three cross-cutting issues and their practical implications for policy and practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Gautier
- Département de Gestion, d'Évaluation et de Politique de Santé, École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche en santé publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Thierry Casseus
- École de travail social, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Judite Blanc
- Department of Population Health, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Patrick Cloos
- École de travail social, et Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de santé publique de l'Université de Montréal; Centre de recherche en santé publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Murphy M, Lami A, Moret-Tatay C. An Italian Adaptation of the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) and Attitudes During the Covid-19 Outbreak. Front Psychol 2021; 12:641213. [PMID: 34276468 PMCID: PMC8281311 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.641213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Resilience has attracted the interest of the scientific community during the Covid-19 outbreak, as a protective factor in mental health. As the migrant population arguably has one of the most vulnerable profiles in the current health crisis, the aim of this study is to assess the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) across native and migrant residents in Italy, and to compare scores across these two populations. Other personal attitudes to the current restrictions were considered. Preliminary psychometrics were tested in a version of the translated instrument with an independent sample. A second independent sample was used to analyse the differences between migrant and native adults. The results showed no differences between the new version and the previous Spanish adaptation or the original instrument. Moreover, no differences were found between the migrant and non-migrant group. BRCS scores were predicted by attitudes toward Covid-19 but not by migrant or native group. These results suggest that the BRCS may be a useful tool to measure resilience in Italy at time of pandemic, irrespective of cultural differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Murphy
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Andrea Lami
- European Asylum Support Office, Rome, Italy.,MEB Laboratory, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Moret-Tatay
- MEB Laboratory, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain.,NESMOS, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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AKÇA TAŞÇI G, ÖZSOY F. Deprem travmasının erken dönem psikolojik etkileri ve olası risk faktörleri. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.841197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Wang Y, Ge F, Wan M, Zhang J. Patterns of Depression and Resilience in Children and Adolescents Exposed to an Earthquake: A Latent Profile Analysis. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:580-588. [PMID: 34218644 PMCID: PMC8256135 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression and resilience are different psychological outcomes caused by experiencing traumatic events. We aimed to 1) explore heterogeneity patterns of co-occurrence between depression symptoms and resilience among children and adolescents exposed to an earthquake and 2) assess covariates (trauma exposure, sex, age, ethnicity, and sleep quality) in identifying the best fitting solution. METHODS Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to examine patterns of self-reported depression and resilience in an epidemiological sample of 2,887 Chinese youth survivors 1 year after the Lushan earthquake. RESULTS A suitable 3-class model were identified, which are mild depression/high resilience (65.0%), severe depression/high resilience (22.1%), and severe depression/low resilience (12.9%). Trauma exposure, demographic characteristics and sleep state can be used to identify the different latent classes. CONCLUSION Our results contribute to understanding the heterogeneous coexisting patterns of depression and resilience and provide suggestions for identifying high-risk youth survivors and offering effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Fenfen Ge
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Mentong Wan
- Mentong Wan, Wuyuzhang Honors College, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital and Disaster Medicine Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, P. R. China
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Assessment of physicians' resilience level during the COVID-19 pandemic. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:283. [PMID: 33980816 PMCID: PMC8114969 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01395-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We aim to assess physicians' level of resilience and define factors that improve or decrease the resilience level during the COVID-19 pandemic. Physicians from hospitals located in areas with different COVID-19 caseload levels, were invited to participate in a national e-survey between April and May 2020. Study participants were mainly emergency physicians, and anaesthesiologists, infectious disease consultants, and intensive care. The survey assessed participant's characteristics, factors potentially associated with resilience, and resilience using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (RISC-25), with higher scores indicative of greater resilience. Factors associated with the resilience score were assessed using a multivariable linear regression. Of 451 responding physicians involved in the care of COVID-19 patients, 442 were included (98%). Age was 36.1 ± 10.3 years and 51.8% were male; 63% worked in the emergency department (n = 282), 10.4% in anesthesiology (n = 46), 9.9% in infectious disease department (n = 44), 4.8% in intensive care unit (n = 21) or other specialties (n = 49). The median RISC-25 score was at 69 (IQR 62-75). Factors associated with higher RISC scores were anesthesia as a specialty, parenthood, no previous history of anxiety or depression and nor increased anxiety. To conclude, this study is the first to characterize levels of resilience among physicians involved in COVID-19 unit. Our data points to certain protective characteristics and some detrimental factors, such as anxiety or depression, that could be amenable to remediating or preventing strategies to promote resilience and support caregivers in a pandemic.
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Verdolini N, Amoretti S, Montejo L, García-Rizo C, Hogg B, Mezquida G, Rabelo-da-Ponte FD, Vallespir C, Radua J, Martinez-Aran A, Pacchiarotti I, Rosa AR, Bernardo M, Vieta E, Torrent C, Solé B. Resilience and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Affect Disord 2021; 283:156-164. [PMID: 33556749 PMCID: PMC7845537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resilience is a process that allows recovery from or adaptation to adversities. The aim of this study was to evaluate state resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic in psychiatric patients (PP), unaffected relatives (UR) and community controls (CC). METHODS This study is part of the Barcelona ResIlience Survey for Mental Health COVID-19 (BRIS-MHC) project. Logistic regression models were performed to identify mental health outcomes associated with bad state resilience and predictors of good state resilience. The association between state resilience and specific affective temperaments as well as their influence on the association between depressive symptoms and state resilience were verified. RESULTS The study recruited 898 participants that took part in the survey. The presence of depressive symptoms was a predictor of bad state resilience in PP (β=0.110, OR=1.117, p=0.028). No specific mental health outcome was associated with bad state resilience in UR and CC. Predictors of good state resilience in PP were having pursued hobbies/conducted home tasks (β=1.261, OR=3.528, p=0.044) and level of organization in the family (β=0.986, OR=2.682, p=0.008). Having a controlling family was inversely associated with good state resilience in CC (β=-1.004, OR=0.367, p=0.012). The association between bad state resilience and depressive symptoms was partially mediated by affective temperaments. LIMITATIONS Participants self-reported their psychiatric diagnoses, their relatives' diagnoses or the absence of a psychiatric disorder, as well as their psychiatric symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Enhancing resilience and coping strategies in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic might have important implications in terms of mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Verdolini
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institute of Neuroscience, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170, Villarroel St., 08037, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Silvia Amoretti
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institute of Neuroscience, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170, Villarroel St., 08037, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170, Villarroel St., 08037, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Montejo
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institute of Neuroscience, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170, Villarroel St., 08037, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Clemente García-Rizo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170, Villarroel St., 08037, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bridget Hogg
- Centre Fórum Research Unit, Parc de Salut Mar, 410, Llull St., 08019, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 88, Dr. Aiguader St., 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Predoctoral program, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), UAB Campus, Plaça Cívica, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
| | - Gisela Mezquida
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170, Villarroel St., 08037, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Diego Rabelo-da-Ponte
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), 2350, Ramiro Barcelos St., 211, Protásio Alves Av., Santa Cecilia, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Health science basic Institute, Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Postgraduate Program of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 110, Paulo Gama Av., Farroupilha, Porto Alegre - RS, 90040-060, Brazil
| | - Catalina Vallespir
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institute of Neuroscience, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170, Villarroel St., 08037, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD) group, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anabel Martinez-Aran
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institute of Neuroscience, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170, Villarroel St., 08037, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Isabella Pacchiarotti
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institute of Neuroscience, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170, Villarroel St., 08037, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Adriane R Rosa
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), 2350, Ramiro Barcelos St., 211, Protásio Alves Av., Santa Cecilia, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Health science basic Institute, Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Postgraduate Program of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 110, Paulo Gama Av., Farroupilha, Porto Alegre - RS, 90040-060, Brazil
| | - Miguel Bernardo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170, Villarroel St., 08037, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institute of Neuroscience, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170, Villarroel St., 08037, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Carla Torrent
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institute of Neuroscience, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170, Villarroel St., 08037, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Brisa Solé
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Institute of Neuroscience, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, 170, Villarroel St., 08037, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Paquin V, Elgbeili G, Laplante DP, Kildea S, King S. Positive cognitive appraisal "buffers" the long-term effect of peritraumatic distress on maternal anxiety: The Queensland Flood Study. J Affect Disord 2021; 278:5-12. [PMID: 32949873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited research has evaluated distinct aspects of disaster experience as predictors of affective symptoms. In this study, we examined the extent to which maternal depression and anxiety over time were predicted by (1) objective hardship from a flood during pregnancy, (2) peritraumatic distress and (3) cognitive appraisal of the flood's consequences. METHODS Data were drawn from the 2011 Queensland Flood Study, a prospective, longitudinal study of pregnancy (n = 183). Mothers' disaster experience was measured within 1 year after the flood. Their levels of depression, anxiety and stress were measured at 16 months, 30 months, 4 years and 6 years after childbirth. Linear mixed models were employed to evaluate symptom trajectories. RESULTS There were no time-dependent effects of disaster-related variables. Objective hardship did not predict outcomes. Peritraumatic distress significantly predicted depression and anxiety symptoms when cognitive appraisal was negative. Conversely, when cognitive appraisal was neutral or positive, the effect of peritraumatic distress was "buffered". For anxiety, but not depression, this interaction survived Bonferroni correction. Neutral/positive cognitive appraisal similarly moderated the effect of peritraumatic dissociation. LIMITATIONS The generalizability of our findings is limited by overall low levels of depression and anxiety, along with a predominantly Caucasian, higher socioeconomic status sample. Potential confounders such as pre-disaster anxiety were not controlled for. CONCLUSION In line with previous evidence, this study supports the predictive validity of peritraumatic distress for post-disaster depression and anxiety. Our findings suggest that cognitive appraisal could be a relevant target for interventions aimed at fostering maternal resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Paquin
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Avenue des Pins, Montreal QC Canada H3A 1A1; Douglas Institute Research Centre, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC Canada H4H 1R3
| | - Guillaume Elgbeili
- Douglas Institute Research Centre, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC Canada H4H 1R3
| | - David P Laplante
- Douglas Institute Research Centre, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC Canada H4H 1R3
| | - Sue Kildea
- Molly Wardaguga Research Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Charles Darwin University, Level 11, East building, 410 Ann St Brisbane, 4000 QLD, Australia; Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, 39 Annerley Rd, South Brisbane QLD 4101 Australia; School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, Chamberlain Building, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Suzanne King
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Avenue des Pins, Montreal QC Canada H3A 1A1; Douglas Institute Research Centre, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC Canada H4H 1R3.
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Abbas J, Aqeel M, Ling J, Ziapour A, Raza MA, Rehna T. Exploring the relationship between intimate partner abuses, resilience, psychological, and physical health problems in Pakistani married couples: a perspective from the collectivistic culture. SEXUAL AND RELATIONSHIP THERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2020.1851673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaffar Abbas
- Antai College of Economics and Management and School of Media and Communication (SMC), Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), Shanghai, China
| | - Muhammad Aqeel
- Department of Psychology, Foundation University, Pakistan
| | - Jinzhu Ling
- School of Media and Communication (SMC), Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), Shanghai, China
| | - Arash Ziapour
- Health Education and Health Promotion, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Muhammad Ali Raza
- National College of Business Administration and Economics (NCBA&E), Multan, Pakistan
| | - Tasnim Rehna
- Department of Psychology, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Blanc J, Louis EF, Joseph J, Castor C, Jean-Louis G. What the world could learn from the Haitian resilience while managing COVID-19. PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA-THEORY RESEARCH PRACTICE AND POLICY 2020; 12:569-571. [PMID: 32816516 DOI: 10.1037/tra0000903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the 1st trimester of 2020, there were mixed feelings among Haitians about the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. In effect, many of the concerns emanating from the relatively weak health infrastructure in Haiti were analyzed from a resilience perspective. Many professionals living in Haiti with whom we have conversed believe that Haitians were better prepared to cope with the social distancing and mental health outcomes associated with the pandemic because of their 3-month exposure to the effects of Peyi Lòk ("country in lockdown") as well as previous major natural disasters. In that regard, previous traumatic exposures may serve as a buffer against the debilitating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic among Haitians. For the past 3 months, Haitians have naturally adopted a practical posture to cope with the pandemic where only school buildings are closed. Consequently, we remain convinced that from a psychological perspective, individuals from high-income countries that are severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic could learn from the Haitian way of coping with large-scale disasters. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Judite Blanc
- Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Health
| | - Elizabeth Farrah Louis
- Department of Harvard School of Public Health, Fogarty International Center, Harvard University
| | - Jolette Joseph
- Faculte des Sciences Humaines, Universite d'Etat d'Haiti
| | - Chimene Castor
- Coordinated Program in Dietetics, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Howard University
| | - Girardin Jean-Louis
- Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Health
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Cénat JM, McIntee SE, Blais-Rochette C. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety and other mental health problems following the 2010 earthquake in Haiti: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2020; 273:55-85. [PMID: 32421623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2010 earthquake in Haiti caused significant human and material damages, thousands of deaths and injuries, and 1.5 million homeless. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to synthesize research on the prevalence and factors associated with PTSD, depression, anxiety symptoms, and other mental health problems among survivors. METHODS We searched six databases and retained 50 articles for the systematic review, 28 of which were included in three random effects meta-analyses on the prevalence of PTSD, depression, and anxiety symptoms in survivors. RESULTS Following the earthquake, more than one out of four individuals (28.44%,CI 95%,17.68%-42.37%; k = 24) reported severe symptoms of PTSD, one out of three reported severe symptoms of depression (32.16%,CI 95%,23.60%-42.11%; K=14), and one out of five reported severe symptoms of anxiety (20.49%,CI 95%,15.74%-26.24%;k=5). Studies revealed important rates of other mental health problems (including psychological distress and disturbance, suicidal ideations, and increased alcohol consumption) in survivors. Females were 41.38% more likely than males to experience severe symptoms of PTSD (OR = 1.41,CI 95%,1.22-1.64). Time was a moderator for depression and anxiety but not for PTSD, while the average age of participants only moderated depression. LIMITATIONS The studies included are observational and most used self-reported measures. CONCLUSIONS In a global context where natural disasters tripled since 1980, this first systematic review showed that human and material damages associated with the earthquake were sufficiently traumatic to induce severe symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and other mental health problems. Clinical and research implications are discussed. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018115430.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Mary Cénat
- School of psychology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Duthely LM, Sanchez-Covarrubias AP, Mohamed AB, Potter JE. A Multilingual, Culturally Competent Mobile Health Intervention to Improve Treatment Adherence Among Women Living With HIV: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e17656. [PMID: 32438338 PMCID: PMC7334759 DOI: 10.2196/17656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherence to HIV care is complex, as barriers to care are multidimensional, particularly for ethnic minority women. Mobile health (mHealth) solutions are supportive in improving HIV health care outcomes. In the United States, however, mHealth interventions are not widely implemented in public HIV clinics and have not been customized for women. There is an unmet need for culturally and linguistically appropriate mHealth interventions that address the health care needs of minority women living with HIV. OBJECTIVE This study aims to describe a protocol investigating the feasibility of an mHealth intervention for treatment adherence among women living with HIV. This is a two-phase, mixed methods, pilot randomized controlled trial that begins with qualitative patient interviews to inform the system design. Participants will be block randomized by language (English, Spanish, and Haitian Creole) to 1 of 2 study arms. METHODS Women (age ≥18 years) who were followed up at the women's HIV clinic of an academic medical center, with a recent history of nonadherence to HIV care (missed appointments, unsuppressed viral load, or not taking medications as prescribed), will be enrolled. The experimental arm will receive the intervention, which includes health reminders and psychoeducational messaging, plus clinical standard of care reminders. The psychoeducational messaging will target patient-level barriers of HIV stigma and medical mistrust and resilience as a patient-level strength. The control arm will receive standard of care reminders only (ie, mailed appointments and automated telephone calls). All aspects of the study and intervention will be offered in the participants' preferred language. The primary outcome is the feasibility and acceptability of the study. The secondary outcomes are changes in self-reported medication adherence, depression symptoms, HIV stigma, medical mistrust, resilience, and clinic attendance and viral suppression extracted from the participants' medical records. Data will be assessed at baseline (T0) and 2 subsequent clinic visits-approximately 3 to 4 months from the baseline (time 1; T1) and 6 to 9 months from the baseline (time 2; T2). Qualitative data will be transcribed and analyzed iteratively. Bivariate analyses will compare data by the study group (chi-square, odds ratios, and t tests). Exploratory analyses will be conducted for each outcome variable-T1 and T2 values will be compared with values at T0 by the study group. RESULTS As of March 2020, baseline quantitative data were collected on 54 participants (28 English speakers, 14 Spanish speakers, and 12 Haitian Creole speakers). The first 3 focus groups (1 in each of the 3 languages) were completed, with a total of 20 participants. The findings are currently being integrated into the beta version of the mHealth texting system. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this novel HIV adherence intervention may shed light on the barriers and facilitators of HIV health care and the mechanisms of an mHealth intervention that is customized for ethnic minority women living with HIV. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03738410; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03738410. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/17656.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunthita M Duthely
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Services, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Alex P Sanchez-Covarrubias
- Miami Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Adhar B Mohamed
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Services, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - JoNell E Potter
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Services, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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Blanc J, Seixas A, Donley T, Bubu OM, Williams N, Jean-Louis G. Resilience factors, race/ethnicity and sleep disturbance among diverse older females with hypertension. J Affect Disord 2020; 271:255-261. [PMID: 32479324 PMCID: PMC7266829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the relationships between resilience and sleep disturbance in a diverse sample of older women with a history of hypertension and whether this relationship is moderated by individuals' race/ethnicity. METHODS Sample includes 700 females from a community-based study in Brooklyn, New York with a mean age of 60.7 years (SD=6.52). Of the participants, 28.1% were born in the U.S.; 71% were African-descent, 17.4% were European and 11.6% were Hispanics descents. Data were gathered on demographics and sleep disturbance using the Comprehensive Assessment and Referral Evaluation (CARE) and the Stress Index Scale (SIS). Resilience Factors were assessed with both the Index of Self-Regulation of Emotion (ISE) and religious health beliefs. Chi-Square, Anova, Student t-tests, and multilinear regression analysis were conducted to explore associations between resilience factors and sleep disturbance. Associations between resilience factors and sleep disturbance were examined using stratified multilinear regression analysis in three models by race/ethnicity. Regression models was conducted examining the interaction between resilience factors and stress RESULTS: Resilience factor, ISE emerged as the strongest independent predictor of sleep disturbance [B(SE) = -0.368(0.008); p < .001] for African descents. ISE was not a significant predictor of sleep disturbance among Hispanic participants [B(SE) = -0.218(0.022);p = .052], however interaction effect analysis revealed that stress level moderates significantly the relationship between ISE, and their sleep disturbance [B(SE) = 0.243(0.001);p = .036]. CONCLUSIONS Results of our study suggest that resilience factors might be a more important protective factor for sleep disturbance among diverse older females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judite Blanc
- Department of Population Health, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, New York University Langone Health, 180 Madison Avenue, 7th Floor,7-23C, New York, NY 10016, United States.
| | - Azizi Seixas
- Department of Population Health, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, New York University Langone Health
| | - Tiffany Donley
- Department of Population Health, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, New York University Langone Health
| | - Omonigho Michael Bubu
- Department of Population Health, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, New York University Langone Health
| | - Natasha Williams
- Department of Population Health, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, New York University Langone Health
| | - Girardin Jean-Louis
- Department of Population Health, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, New York University Langone Health
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Takebayashi Y, Maeda M, Orui M, Nakajima S, Momoi M, Ito A, Sato H, Yasumura S, Ohto H. Resilience Factors Contributing to Mental Health Among People Affected by the Fukushima Disaster: Development of Fukushima Resilience Scale. Front Public Health 2020; 8:159. [PMID: 32435630 PMCID: PMC7218517 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aims of the present study were to develop and validate a psychological resilience scale reflecting the specificity of the Fukushima disaster, and to examine the effects of this scale on mental health. Methods: The Fukushima Resilience Scale was developed based on data obtained from semi-structured interviews with seven people who had lived in the affected area of Fukushima Prefecture at the time of the disaster. The reliability and validity of the scale were then examined in cross-sectional studies conducted on 500 evacuees through an epidemiological mail survey. To examine the effects of the scale and disaster-related factors on the general mental health status of the respondents, a logistic regression analysis was performed using the six-item Kessler psychological distress scale. Results: The newly developed scale consisted of a four-factor structure: “coping with stigma-related issues,” “sharing experiences of the disaster,” “action-oriented approach,” and “sense of support.” Internal consistency coefficients ranged from 0.66 to 0.79. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the only significant association was between “action-oriented approach” (odds ratio = 1.26) and respondents with a K6 score <5 points. Conclusion: The reliability and concurrent validity of the new developed scale in residents of the evacuation area of Fukushima Prefecture were acceptable. A significant association was found between “action-oriented approach” and good mental health among the evacuees, which suggests that this may improve resilience among people affected by the Fukushima disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Takebayashi
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.,Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masaharu Maeda
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.,Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Orui
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.,Sendai City Mental Health and Welfare Center, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satomi Nakajima
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maho Momoi
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.,Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akiko Ito
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.,Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hideki Sato
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.,Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohto
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Blanc J, Rahill G, Spruill T, Jean-Louis G, Mouchenik Y. Association between prenatal exposure to the Haiti 2010 earthquake, consequent maternal PTSD and autistic symptoms in offspring. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF TRAUMA & DISSOCIATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Association Between Resilience and Psychological Morbidity in Parents of Critically Ill Children. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2020; 21:e177-e185. [PMID: 32118694 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether parental resilience, measured at ICU admission, is associated with parent-reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and satisfaction with ICU care 3-5 weeks following ICU discharge. DESIGN Planned prospective, observational study nested in a randomized comparative trial. SETTING PICUs and cardiac ICUs in two, free-standing metropolitan area children's hospitals. PARTICIPANTS English- and Spanish-speaking parents whose children were younger than 18 years old and had anticipated ICU stay of greater than 24 hours or Pediatric Index of Mortality score of greater than or equal to 4 at the time of consent. All ICU admissions were screened for inclusion. Of 4,251 admissions reviewed, 1,360 were eligible. Five hundred families were approached and 382 enrolled. Two hundred thirty-two parents from 210 families with complete data were included in analysis. INTERVENTIONS All participating parents completed the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale at the time of consent and outcome measures 3-5 weeks after ICU discharge. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS All parents completed the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Short Forms 8a for Depression and Anxiety, Impact of Event Scale-Revised for posttraumatic stress, and Pediatric Family Satisfaction-ICU 24 for parental satisfaction 3-5 weeks after ICU discharge. Higher parental resilience was associated with fewer symptoms of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress in the final model (all p < 0.0001). Shorter length of stay, early mechanical ventilation, Latino ethnicity, and lower illness severity (both objective and parental perceptions) were associated with less morbidity in some or all measured mental health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Higher parental resilience is associated with fewer reported symptoms of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress 3-5 weeks after ICU discharge. Parental resilience may impact parental post-ICU psychological morbidity. Measuring parental resilience could be one approach to identify parents at risk for post-ICU psychological morbidity. Future research into the impact of interventions designed to boost parental resilience is warranted.
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Canan F, North CS. Dissociation and disasters: A systematic review. World J Psychiatry 2019; 9:83-98. [PMID: 31649861 PMCID: PMC6811731 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v9.i6.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dissociation, which is defined as the failure to associate consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, body representation, motor control, and behavior into an integrated whole, has long been assumed to be generated by trauma. If dissociation is a product of trauma exposure, then dissociation would be a major mental health outcome observed in studies of disaster survivors. Although some studies have examined dissociation in disasters, no systematic literature reviews have been conducted to date on the topic.
AIM To systematically evaluate the literature on the association between disaster and dissociation to determine the prevalence and incidence of dissociation after exposure to disaster and further examine their relationship.
METHODS EMBASE, Medline, and PsychINFO were searched from inception to January 1, 2019 to identify studies examining dissociative disorders or symptoms related to a disaster in adult or child disaster survivors and disaster responders. Studies of military conflicts and war, articles not in English, and those with samples of 30 or more participants were excluded. Search terms used were “disaster*” and dissociation (“dissociat*,” “multiple personality,” “fugue,” “psychogenic amnesia,” “derealization,” and “depersonalization”). Reference lists of identified articles were scrutinized to identify studies for additional articles.
RESULTS The final number of articles in the review was 53, including 36 articles with samples of adults aged 18 and above, 5 of children/adolescents under age 18, and 12 of disaster workers. Included articles studied several types of disasters that occurred between 1989 and 2017, more than one-third (38%) from the United States. Only two studies had a primary aim to investigate dissociation in relation to disaster and none reported data on dissociative disorders. All of the studies used self-report symptom scales; none used structured interviews providing full diagnostic assessment of dissociative disorders or other psychopathology. Several studies mixed exposed and unexposed samples or did not differentiate outcomes between exposure groups. Studies examining associations between dissociation and disaster exposure have been inconclusive. The majority (75%) of the studies compared dissociation with posttraumatic stress, with inconsistent findings. Dissociation was found to be associated with a wide range of other psychiatric disorders, symptoms, and negative emotional, cognitive, and functional states.
CONCLUSION The studies reviewed had serious methodological limitations including problems with measurement of psychopathology, sampling, and generation of unwarranted conclusions, precluding conclusions that dissociation is an established outcome of disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Canan
- The Altshuler Center for Education & Research at Metrocare Services, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Carol S North
- The Altshuler Center for Education & Research at Metrocare Services, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
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Kucharska J. Religiosity and the psychological outcomes of trauma: A systematic review of quantitative studies. J Clin Psychol 2019; 76:40-58. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Vodou's role in Haitian mental health. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2019; 6:e25. [PMID: 31807309 PMCID: PMC6880247 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2019.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper gives an overview of Vodou's history in Haiti and how Vodou informs Haitian mental health interventions.
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Rahill GJ, Joshi M, Shadowens W. Best Intentions Are Not Best Practices: Lessons Learned While Conducting Health Research With Trauma-Impacted Female Victims of Nonpartner Sexual Violence in Haiti. JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0095798418810054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Culturally sound health research and culturally relevant interventions are foundational to health promotion and disease prevention around the globe, especially for vulnerable populations in low-and middle-income countries who bear a disproportionate burden of sociodemographic and structural adversities, including gender-based violence and nonpartner sexual violence. There is a limited amount of scientific knowledge regarding the promotion of health equity for Haitian populations and about the challenges of cross-cultural practice and research among them. Using the social dominance and social justice theories as a framework, we discuss challenges encountered and biases discovered while conducting research aimed at finding ways to mitigate biological risks and psychological trauma among female victims of nonpartner sexual violence in Haiti. We highlight personal, professional/ethical, and social and structural barriers. We appeal to researchers who work in Haiti or who desire to work there to collaborate and consolidate their research objectives, to consciously engage in decolonizing their attitudes, and to promote antioppressive discourse about Haiti and its people.
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Vance MC, Kovachy B, Dong M, Bui E. Peritraumatic distress: A review and synthesis of 15 years of research. J Clin Psychol 2018. [PMID: 29543336 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although the subjective trauma exposure criterion was removed from the DSM-5 criteria set for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), emerging literature suggests that peritraumatic distress may be useful in predicting outcomes after exposure to a stressful event. METHOD We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature examining the association between peritraumatic distress and PTSD and other psychiatric outcomes. The 57 studies herein varied in both experimental design and target populations. RESULTS Forty-eight studies found associations between peritraumatic distress and PTSD outcome measures, 23 found associations between peritraumatic distress and other psychiatric outcomes, and three found associations between peritraumatic distress and PTSD-related symptoms or other psychiatric outcomes after non-Criterion A stressful events by DSM-5 criteria. CONCLUSION Peritraumatic distress is associated with PTSD symptom severity, other psychiatric symptoms, and severity of PTSD-related symptoms after exposure to non-Criterion A events, suggesting that peritraumatic distress is a risk factor for various psychiatric outcomes and furthering our understanding of the impact of subjective experience on trauma psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Vance
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan
| | | | | | - Eric Bui
- Harvard Medical School.,Massachusetts General Hospital
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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Children of Kathmandu 1 Year After the 2015 Earthquake in Nepal. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2017; 12:486-492. [PMID: 28831950 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2017.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The 2015 earthquake in Nepal affected the country in terms of economy, and by causing damage and stress reactions. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and determine individual child- and family-level predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Kathmandu district 15 months after the earthquake. Multistage cluster sampling was adopted to collect 800 earthquake-affected children aged 7-16 years and a face-to-face interview was conducted. Trauma exposure questionnaire and Child PTSD Symptoms Scale were used for assessment of the level of exposure and PTSD symptoms. Multilevel generalized linear regression analysis was used to explore individual and family-level predictors. RESULTS Among the children, 51% had moderate-to-severe PTSD symptoms. Children of school age (adjusted odds ratio=2.83 [1.45-5.49]), those attending lower-secondary school (2.26 [1.21-4.21]), those having a higher exposure to the severity of the earthquake, and those with low psychosocial acuity [1.70 (1.10-2.60)] were more likely to have more severe PTSD symptoms compared with those who were adolescents and in higher-secondary school, whereas children from a family living in an urban (0.33 [0.19-0.59]) setting and following Hindu religion (0.31 [0.16-0.60]) were less likely to have PTSD symptoms compared with children from suburban areas and those following Buddhist religion. CONCLUSION PTSD symptoms were prevalent among children of Nepal more than a year following the earthquake. Family-level indicators cannot be excluded when studying children's trauma reactions. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:486-492).
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Determinants of resilience among people who sustained spinal cord injury from the 2015 earthquake in Nepal. Spinal Cord 2017; 56:78-83. [PMID: 28809391 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2017.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVES To assess the level of resilience, compare resilience by demographic and injury-related characteristics, and identify significant determinants of resilience in Nepalese people who sustained spinal cord injury (SCI) from the 2015 earthquake. SETTING Spinal Injury Rehabilitation Center, Kavre and 14 communities in Nepal. METHODS Eighty-two participants were included using a convenience sampling technique. A demographic and injury-related questionnaire was used to identify the characteristics of the participants. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale was used to measure resilience. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine the demographic and injury-related factors that contribute to resilience. RESULTS Almost 54% of the participants had low level of resilience. Independent samples t-tests and ANOVA showed that participants with higher resilience outcome were more likely to be male, employed, paraplegic level of injury and pain free. The regression analysis revealed that only gender was a unique determinant of resilience (β=0.38, t=3.40, P=0.001) in Nepalese with earthquake-related SCI. CONCLUSION More than half of Nepalese who sustained SCI from the 2015 earthquake in Nepal had not achieved a high level of resilience 2 years later. Gender was a significant determinant of resilience. The results highlighted the importance of providing appropriate intervention and allocating continuing support to the Nepalese people with SCI. A further longitudinal study is recommended to determine predictive factors of the dynamic nature of resilience.
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Xu J, Sun Y, Wang Z. Prevalence and risk factors of depression in the empty nest elderly from the Sichuan Longmenshan fault earthquake. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17:2143-2149. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiuping Xu
- Institute of Emergency Management and Reconstruction in Post-disaster; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Yang Sun
- Institute of Emergency Management and Reconstruction in Post-disaster; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Institute of Emergency Management and Reconstruction in Post-disaster; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
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