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Jellinek M, Benheim TS, Dutta A, Bergmann P, Sturner R, Howard B, Michael Murphy J. Identifying Children and Adolescents at Elevated Mental Health Risk Before and During COVID-19. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2024; 45:e341-e348. [PMID: 39146230 PMCID: PMC11339469 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000001273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the prevalence of psychosocial risk in children and adolescents changed from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic and whether these changes differed by age group, sex, and season, based on a standardized psychosocial measure completed as a routine part of primary care. METHODS Children and adolescents aged 5.5 to 17.9 years were screened with a parent report Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17 (PSC-17P) between November 2017 and June 2022. Changes in the prevalence of psychosocial risk (global, internalizing, externalizing, and attention scales) from before to during the pandemic were compared by age group, sex, and season. RESULTS In a sample of 459,767 health supervision visits, the prevalence of PSC-17P global, internalizing, and attention risk worsened significantly from before to during the pandemic, especially among female adolescents (ages 12.0-17.9). For a pediatrician seeing a hypothetical sample of 1000 adolescent girls, the expected number at risk would have increased from 103 to 131 on the global scale (26.6% increase), from 189 to 231 on the internalizing subscale (22.0% increase), and from 60 to 82 on the attention subscale (35.7% increase). Seasonality had a large effect, with significantly lower PSC-17P risk in the summer every year. CONCLUSION Data from a large, national sample of pediatric visits suggested that global, internalizing, and attention concerns increased slightly overall from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic, with different patterns by age group and sex. Adolescent girls showed substantially increased global, internalizing, and attention problems. These increases support the need for further research and additional individual and system-level interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jellinek
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Talia S. Benheim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anamika Dutta
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Raymond Sturner
- Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Promotion of Child Development through Primary Care, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barbara Howard
- Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- CHADIS, Inc., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J. Michael Murphy
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Rohan KJ, Terman JM, Iyiewuare P, Perez J, Camuso JA, Postolache TT, DeSarno MJ, Vacek PM. Prospectively assessed summer mood status in major depression, recurrent with seasonal pattern: Evidence for SAD's construct validity. J Affect Disord 2024; 349:32-38. [PMID: 38160889 PMCID: PMC10923172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Seasonal patterns are often undetectable in population-based depression studies, calling into question the existence of winter seasonal affective disorder (SAD). If SAD has construct validity, individuals with SAD should show spontaneous depression remission in the summer. Data are sparse on prospectively assessed summer mood status in confirmed SAD patients. METHOD We conducted prospective summer followup of community adults who, the winter before, were diagnosed with Major Depression, Recurrent with Seasonal Pattern on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, developed a current SAD episode on the Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-Seasonal Affective Disorder Version (SIGH-SAD), and enrolled in a clinical trial comparing group cognitive-behavioral therapy for SAD and light therapy. In July/August after treatment, 143/153 (93.5 %) participants provided data on the SIGH-SAD, the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition, and the Longitudinal Interval Followup Evaluation (LIFE). RESULTS Summer mean depression scores were in the normal range, with the substantial majority in remission across different measures. On the LIFE, 113/143 (79.0 %) experienced complete summer remission, 19/143 (13.3 %) experienced partial summer remission, and 11/143 (7.7 %) had major depression in the summer. Depression scores were significantly lower at summer than post-treatment in both treatments, indicating incomplete treatment response. LIMITATIONS This was a single-site study with a relatively homogeneous sample. CONCLUSIONS Supporting construct validity for SAD, the substantial majority experienced complete summer remission, with a minority in partial remission and a very small minority in episode. Both treatments left residual symptoms at treatment endpoint compared to summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Rohan
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, John Dewey Hall, 2 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405-0134, USA.
| | - Julia M Terman
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, John Dewey Hall, 2 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405-0134, USA
| | - Praise Iyiewuare
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, John Dewey Hall, 2 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405-0134, USA
| | - Jessica Perez
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, John Dewey Hall, 2 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405-0134, USA
| | - Julia A Camuso
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, John Dewey Hall, 2 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405-0134, USA
| | - Teodor T Postolache
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, MSTF Building Room 930, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Rocky Mountain MIRECC for Suicide Prevention, 1700 N Wheeling Street, G-3-116M, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michael J DeSarno
- Biomedical Statistics Research Core, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, 25 Hills Building, 111 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT 05401-0134, USA
| | - Pamela M Vacek
- Biomedical Statistics Research Core, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, 25 Hills Building, 111 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT 05401-0134, USA
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Ng E, Nestor SM, Rabin JS, Hamani C, Lipsman N, Giacobbe P. Seasonal pattern and depression outcomes from repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Psychiatry Res 2023; 329:115525. [PMID: 37820574 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) may exhibit a seasonal pattern. The impact of a seasonal pattern in depressive symptoms on rTMS outcomes is unexplored. A retrospective analysis was performed on patients with MDD receiving open-label high frequency rTMS to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Having a seasonal pattern was defined as scoring ≥ 12 on the Personal Inventory for Depression and Seasonal Affective Disorder (PIDS). Primary outcomes included improvement in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and remission. Secondary analyses included the use of the self-rated Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS) to assess for changes in atypical neurovegetative symptoms. Multiple linear regression, multiple logistic regression, and linear mixed effects analyses were performed. 46 % (58/127) of the sample had a seasonal pattern. Seasonal pattern did not significantly influence improvement in HAMD (PIDS < 12, 7.8, SD 5.9; PIDS ≥ 12, 10.4, SD 4.9 or remission (PIDS < 12, 30 %; PIDS ≥ 12, 34 %). There were equivalent degrees of improvement in atypical neurovegetative symptoms over time as assessed using the QIDS. Depression with seasonal pattern was found to respond to rTMS treatment similarly to depression without seasonal pattern, suggesting that this may be a viable treatment for this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Sean M Nestor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Jennifer S Rabin
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 6 Queen's Park Crescent West, Toronto, ON M5S 3Hs, Canada; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - Clement Hamani
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Nir Lipsman
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Peter Giacobbe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
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Shields M, Tonmyr L, Gonzalez A, Atkinson L, Blair DL, Hovdestad W, MacMillan H. Depression, parenting and the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada: results from three nationally representative cross-sectional surveys. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e063991. [PMID: 37580094 PMCID: PMC10432656 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Depression is associated with problems in functioning in many aspects of life, including parenting. COVID-19 has increased risk factors for depression. We investigated the prevalence of depression among parents during the pandemic and the association with dysfunctional parenting. DESIGN Canadian nationwide cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The 2020 and 2021 Surveys on COVID-19 and Mental Health (SCMH) and the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) (2015‒2019). Responding sample sizes for parents were 3121 for the 2020-SCMH; 1574 for the 2021-SCMH and 6076 for the CCHS. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES All three surveys collected information on symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD). The SCMH measured harsh parenting. RESULTS Based on data from the 2021-SCMH collected during wave 3 of COVID-19, 14.4% of fathers and 21.2% of mothers screened positive for MDD. These prevalence estimates were similar to those from the 2020-SCMH during wave 2, but at least two times higher than pre-COVID-19 estimates from the CCHS. Multivariate analyses revealed a linear association between MDD and harsh parenting. COVID-19-related stressors were associated with harsh parenting. Among mothers, feeling lonely or isolated because of COVID-19 was a risk factor for harsh parenting; among fathers, being a front-line worker was a risk factor. Meditation was a protective factor for mothers. CONCLUSIONS After years of stability, the prevalence of MDD increased substantially among Canadian parents during the pandemic. Ongoing monitoring is vital to determine if elevated levels of depression persist because chronic depression increases the likelihood of negative child outcomes. Programmes aimed at addressing depression and bolstering parenting skills are needed as families continue to face stressors associated with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lil Tonmyr
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leslie Atkinson
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dawn-Li Blair
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Harriet MacMillan
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, and of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Evans-Chase M, Solomon P, Peralta B, Kornmann R, Fenkel C. Treating Depression in Adolescents and Young Adults Using Remote Intensive Outpatient Programs: Quality Improvement Assessment. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e44756. [PMID: 37040155 PMCID: PMC10131586 DOI: 10.2196/44756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth and young adults face barriers to mental health care, including a shortage of programs that accept youth and a lack of developmentally sensitive programming among those that do. This shortage, along with the associated geographically limited options, has contributed to the health disparities experienced by youth in general and by those with higher acuity mental health needs in particular. Although intensive outpatient programs can be an effective option for youth with more complex mental health needs, place-based intensive outpatient programming locations are still limited to clients who have the ability to travel to the clinical setting several days per week. OBJECTIVE The objective of the analysis reported here was to assess changes in depression between intake and discharge among youth and young adults diagnosed with depression attending remote intensive outpatient programming treatment. Analysis of outcomes and the application of findings to programmatic decisions are regular parts of ongoing quality improvement efforts of the program whose results are reported here. METHODS Outcomes data are collected for all clients at intake and discharge. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) adapted for adolescents is used to measure depression, with changes between intake and discharge regularly assessed for quality improvement purposes using repeated measures t tests. Changes in clinical symptoms are assessed using McNamar chi-square analyses. One-way ANOVA is used to test for differences among age, gender, and sexual orientation groups. For this analysis, 1062 cases were selected using criteria that included a diagnosis of depression and a minimum of 18 hours of treatment over a minimum of 2 weeks of care. RESULTS Clients ranged in age from 11 to 25 years, with an average of 16 years. Almost one-quarter (23%) identified as nongender binary and 60% identified as members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (LGBTQ+) community. Significant decreases (mean difference -6.06) were seen in depression between intake and discharge (t967=-24.68; P<.001), with the symptoms of a significant number of clients (P<.001) crossing below the clinical cutoff for major depressive disorder between intake and discharge (388/732, 53%). No significant differences were found across subgroups defined by age (F2,958=0.47; P=.63), gender identity (F7,886=1.20; P=.30), or sexual orientation (F7,872=0.47; P=.86). CONCLUSIONS Findings support the use of remote intensive outpatient programming to treat depression among youth and young adults, suggesting that it may be a modality that is an effective alternative to place-based mental health treatment. Additionally, findings suggest that the remote intensive outpatient program model may be an effective treatment approach for youth from marginalized groups defined by gender and sexual orientation. This is important given that youth from these groups tend to have poorer outcomes and greater barriers to treatment compared to cisgender, heterosexual youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Evans-Chase
- School of Social Policy & Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Phyllis Solomon
- School of Social Policy & Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Rachel Kornmann
- Department of Behavioral Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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6
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Khattar J, Griffith LE, Jones A, De Rubeis V, de Groh M, Jiang Y, Basta NE, Kirkland S, Wolfson C, Raina P, Anderson LN. Symptoms of depression and anxiety, and unmet healthcare needs in adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2242. [PMID: 36456993 PMCID: PMC9713148 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14633-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted access to healthcare services in Canada. Research prior to the pandemic has found that depression and anxiety symptoms were associated with increased unmet healthcare needs. The primary objective of this study was to examine if mental health was associated with perceived access to healthcare during the pandemic METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from 23,972 participants (aged 50-96) in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging COVID-19 Exit Survey (Sept-Dec 2020). We used logistic regression to estimate how the presence of depression and anxiety symptoms, defined using scores of ≥10 on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and ≥10 on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, were associated with the odds of reporting: 1) challenges accessing healthcare, 2) not going to a hospital or seeing a doctor when needed, 3) experiencing barriers to COVID-19 testing. Models were adjusted for sex, age, region, urban/rural residence, racial background, immigrant status, income, marital status, work status, chronic conditions, and pre-pandemic unmet needs. RESULTS The presence of depressive (aOR=1.96; 95% CI=1.82, 2.11) and anxiety symptoms (aOR=2.33; 95% CI=2.04, 2.66) compared to the absence of these symptoms were independently associated with higher odds of challenges accessing healthcare. A statistically significant interaction with sex suggested stronger associations in females with anxiety. Symptoms of depression (aOR=2.88; 95% CI=2.58, 3.21) and anxiety (aOR=3.05; 95% CI=2.58, 3.60) were also associated with increased odds of not going to a hospital or seeing a doctor when needed. Lastly, depressive (aOR=1.99; 95% CI=1.71, 2.31) and anxiety symptoms (aOR=2.01; 95% CI=1.58, 2.56) were associated with higher odds of reporting barriers to COVID-19 testing. There was no significantly significant interaction with sex for the latter two outcomes. CONCLUSION The presence of depression and anxiety symptoms were strongly associated with perceived unmet healthcare needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interventions to improve healthcare access for adults with depression and anxiety during the pandemic may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayati Khattar
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Lauren E Griffith
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Aaron Jones
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Vanessa De Rubeis
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Margaret de Groh
- Applied Research Division, Center for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, K0A 0K9, Canada
| | - Ying Jiang
- Applied Research Division, Center for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, K0A 0K9, Canada
| | - Nicole E Basta
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Susan Kirkland
- Department of Community Health & Epidemiology and Division of Geriatric Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Christina Wolfson
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health & Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal Canada & Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Parminder Raina
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Laura N Anderson
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada.
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7
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Rioux PA, Chaumon M, Demers A, Fitzback-Fortin H, Kübel SL, Lebrun C, Mendoza-Duran E, Micillo L, Racine C, Thibault N, van Wassenhove V, Grondin S. Psychological Time during the COVID-19 Lockdown: Canadian Data. TIMING & TIME PERCEPTION 2022. [DOI: 10.1163/22134468-bja10063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and associated measures have affected routines and mental well-being of people around the world. Research also shows distorted time perception during lockdowns which can partially be explained by compromised well-being. The present study investigates Canadians’ temporal experience and mental well-being at two periods of national lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic (spring 2020: n = 66; beginning of 2021: n = 100). As results indicate, the only difference between these periods on the investigated variables was the strictness of lockdown measures. Our findings show associations between anxiety, depression, confinement indicators, and time perception (future temporal distance, passage of time judgments). Stepwise regression models indicated that depression and strictness of measures predicted the impression that the next week appeared farther away; one’s loneliness appraisal was associated with a perceived slower time flow. Our findings give a preliminary idea about time perception and mental well-being in the Canadian lockdowns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maximilien Chaumon
- Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Unversité, Centre MEG-EEG, Centre de NeuroImagerie Recherche (CENIR), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Antoine Demers
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Sebastian L. Kübel
- Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, 79098 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security and Law, 79100 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Catherine Lebrun
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Luigi Micillo
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Charles Racine
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Nicola Thibault
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Virginie van Wassenhove
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, NeuroSpin, CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Simon Grondin
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
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8
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Iorio C, Pacitti F, Rossi A, Iorio P, Pompili A. Declarative Memory Impairment and Emotional Bias in Recurrent Depression with a Seasonal Pattern: The Interplay between Emotion and Cognition in Seasonal Affective Disorder. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12101352. [PMID: 36291286 PMCID: PMC9599318 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a subtype of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) with a seasonal pattern. Although it is a pathological condition limited to specific seasons of the year, during the symptomatic period, patients may experience a significant impairment of well-being and daily quality of life as a result of the depressed mood, associated with other symptoms defined as atypical of MDD. While extensive evidence of memory deficits has been found in MDD, explicit memory impairments in SAD are insufficiently studied. This study aims to investigate the cognitive processing of emotional stimuli in women with SAD, in particular the interplay between emotions and declarative memory. One hundred and twenty young women, screened from an initial number of 1125 university students, were divided into two groups, an experimental one that included 60 medically untreated women affected by “winter type SAD” and a control group of 60 non-SAD women. Different subjects were randomly submitted to two types of audio−visual stories, neutral or arousal, and then their memory performances were analyzed by means of a free-recall test and a recognition memory test. In both the free-recall test (p < 0.008) and in the recognition memory test (p < 0.002), the SAD group showed impaired memory performances. Taken together, our novel key findings suggest that SAD is characterized by impairment in declarative memory and attentional bias for emotional negative stimuli.
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9
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Höller Y, Jónsdóttir ST, Hannesdóttir AH, Ólafsson RP. EEG-responses to mood induction interact with seasonality and age. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:950328. [PMID: 36016970 PMCID: PMC9396338 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.950328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The EEG is suggested as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for seasonal affective disorder (SAD). As a pre-clinical form of SAD, seasonality is operationalized as seasonal variation in mood, appetite, weight, sleep, energy, and socializing. Importantly, both EEG biomarkers and seasonality interact with age. Inducing sad mood to assess cognitive vulnerability was suggested to improve the predictive value of summer assessments for winter depression. However, no EEG studies have been conducted on induced sad mood in relation to seasonality, and no studies so far have controlled for age. We recorded EEG and calculated bandpower in 114 participants during rest and during induced sad mood in summer. Participants were grouped by age and based on a seasonality score as obtained with the seasonal pattern assessment questionnaire (SPAQ). Participants with high seasonality scores showed significantly larger changes in EEG power from rest to sad mood induction, specifically in the alpha frequency range (p = 0.027), compared to participants with low seasonality scores. Furthermore, seasonality interacted significantly with age (p < 0.001), with lower activity in individuals with high seasonality scores that were older than 50 years but the opposite pattern in individuals up to 50 years. Effects of sad mood induction on brain activity are related to seasonality and can therefore be consider as potential predicting biomarkers for SAD. Future studies should control for age as a confounding factor, and more studies are needed to elaborate on the characteristics of EEG biomarkers in participants above 50 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Höller
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Akureyri, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Sara Teresa Jónsdóttir
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Akureyri, Akureyri, Iceland
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
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Graupensperger S, Calhoun BH, Fleming C, Rhew IC, Lee CM. Mental Health and Well-Being Trends Through the First Year-and-a-Half of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from a Longitudinal Study of Young Adults in the USA. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2022; 23:853-864. [PMID: 35604479 PMCID: PMC9124628 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-022-01382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study examined longitudinal trajectories of young adults' mental health and well-being before and throughout the first year-and-a-half of the COVID-19 pandemic. Repeated assessments of a young adult community cohort (N = 656; Mage = 25.6 years; 59.3% female) were conducted beginning prior to COVID-19 (January 2020) and extending through August 2021. Multilevel spline growth models estimated changes in three segments: (a) from pre-pandemic to April/May 2020, (b) from April/May 2020 to September 2020, and (c) from September 2020 to August 2021. Depression symptoms and loneliness increased significantly in the first segment, plateaued slightly, then decreased significantly across the final segment. Anxiety symptoms were unchanged across the first two segments, but significantly decreased in the final segment. Satisfaction with life decreased significantly across the first two segments, and then increased significantly in the final segment. Direct comparisons of pre-pandemic scores (January 2020) to the last follow-up (July or August 2021) showed a return to pre-pandemic levels of depression symptoms, loneliness, and satisfaction with life, as indicated by non-significant differences, and significantly lower anxiety symptoms, relative to pre-pandemic. Findings support concerns for young adults' mental health and well-being in the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic, but also indicate that young adults' emotional well-being, on average, may be returning to pre-pandemic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Graupensperger
- Deptartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357238, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Brian H Calhoun
- Deptartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357238, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Charles Fleming
- Deptartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357238, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Isaac C Rhew
- Deptartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357238, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Christine M Lee
- Deptartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357238, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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Kølbæk P, Gil Y, Schmidt FCL, Speed M, Østergaard SD. Symptom severity and well-being of patients with mental illness during the COVID-19 pandemic: a two-wave survey. Nord J Psychiatry 2022; 77:293-303. [PMID: 35834531 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2022.2099581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE ARTICLE To examine changes in symptom severity and well-being during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic among individuals with pre-existing mental illness. MATERIALS AND METHODS In February 2021, we conducted a follow-up questionnaire-based survey among adults with mental illness, who responded to a similar survey on mental health in June 2020. The participants completed the 18-item Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18), the five-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5), and 14 questions evaluating worsening or improvement in mental health using the pre-pandemic period as reference. The survey data were merged with sociodemographic and clinical data from the medical records of all invitees to the first survey, enabling analysis of attrition and weighting of the results. RESULTS A total of 613 of 992 (62%) invitees participated in the follow-up wave of the survey. The weighted mean WHO-5 and BSI-18 scores were 38 and 27, respectively, and did not differ statistically significantly from the first wave. Multivariate logistic regression showed that having a vocational education (skilled worker/craftsman) was positively associated with reporting deterioration in psychological well-being (OR: 2.95, 95%CI: 1.14-7.81), while being unemployed was negatively associated with reporting deterioration in psychological well-being (OR: 0.20, 95%CI: 0.07-0.56) from the first to the second survey wave. The most common reason for self-reported deterioration in mental health was loneliness (70%). CONCLUSIONS Approximately one year into the COVID-19 pandemic, the level of symptoms remained high, whereas the level of psychological well-being remained low among patients with mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Kølbæk
- Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital-Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark.,Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital-Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yael Gil
- Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital-Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Maria Speed
- Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital-Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren Dinesen Østergaard
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital-Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Fellinger M, Waldhör T, Serretti A, Hinterbuchinger B, Pruckner N, König D, Gmeiner A, Vyssoki S, Vyssoki B, Fugger G. Seasonality in Major Depressive Disorder: Effect of Sex and Age. J Affect Disord 2022; 296:111-116. [PMID: 34600171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aside from the concept of seasonal affective disorder, the evidence for a seasonal pattern (SP) of major depressive disorder (MDD) is controversial. Furthermore, the effect of sex and age is still unclear. METHODS This is a nationwide, registry-based study assessing all inpatient admissions in mental health hospitals due to MDD episodes according to ICD-10 (moderate (F32/33.1), severe (F32/33.2) and severe with psychotic features (F32/33.3)) in Austria across 14 years. Calculations were based on deviations from expected monthly admissions. RESULTS The sample comprised 231,824 hospitalisations (36.8% men) for MDD. A significant SP (p=0.001) in moderate and severe depressive episodes in both women and men with decreased admission rates in the summer months and December was detected. In psychotic depression a significant SP was only evidenced in women (p = 0.002, men: p = 0.291). Patients older than 55 years had a reduced SP compared to those being younger. LIMITATIONS Only anonymised admission data of inpatient treatments were available. Hospitalization rates cannot fully be equated to the occurrence of MDD. CONCLUSIONS The current study indicates a seasonal variation in MDD symptoms that may go beyond seasonal affective disorder. Knowledge about the predictability of depressive symptoms in patients should encourage preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthäus Fellinger
- Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Waldhör
- Centre for Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Hinterbuchinger
- Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Nathalie Pruckner
- Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel König
- Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Gmeiner
- Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Benjamin Vyssoki
- Clinical Division of Social Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Fugger
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Clinical Division of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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13
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Shields M, Tonmyr L, Gonzalez A, Weeks M, Park SB, Robert AM, Blair DL, MacMillan HL. Symptoms of major depressive disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a representative sample of the Canadian population. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2021; 41:340-358. [PMID: 34569772 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.41.11.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the outbreak of COVID-19, numerous studies from around the world have reported declines in mental health. However, most of these studies were of low-to-moderate quality and many were based on convenience samples or used mental health measures with low validity, or both. Consequently, it has been difficult to draw conclusions. METHODS Both the 2020 Survey on COVID-19 and Mental Health (SCMH) and the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) (2015-2019) used the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to screen for major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults aged 18 or older. The prevalence of MDD was compared between the SCMH and the CCHS. Risk and protective factors for MDD in the SCMH were examined using bivariate and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Based on SCMH data, 15.2% (95% CI: 14.2-16.2) of Canadians screened positive for MDD. The prevalence of MDD was more than two times higher in the SCMH (during COVID-19) than in the CCHS (predating COVID-19). In bivariate analysis, Canadians reporting five or more COVID-19-related risk factors were close to 30 times more likely to have MDD than those reporting no risk factors. Mastery and a sense of community belonging were protective factors for MDD. CONCLUSION After remaining stable for two decades, the prevalence of depression among Canadians increased substantially with the onset of COVID-19. Ongoing monitoring of this common condition associated with major morbidity is vital to determine if elevated levels of MDD persist as we progress through and beyond future waves of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lil Tonmyr
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Murray Weeks
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Su-Bin Park
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Dawn-Li Blair
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harriet L MacMillan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Seasonal Changes in Sleep Patterns in Two Saskatchewan First Nation Communities. Clocks Sleep 2021; 3:415-428. [PMID: 34449570 PMCID: PMC8395418 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep3030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is crucial for maintaining the recovery and restoration of the body and brain. Less sleep is associated with poor mental and physical performance. Seasonal changes in sleep patterns can be observed. This paper examines seasonal effects on sleep timing, duration, and problems in two Cree First Nation communities in Saskatchewan, Canada. Data were available from a community survey of 588 adults aged 18 years and older (range: 18–78 years) with 44.2% males and 55.8% females. Results are presented using descriptive statistics and a binary logistic-regression model to identify the association between seasonal changes in sleep patterns, and demographic, social, and environmental factors. The participants reported sleeping the least during the spring and summer months and sleeping the most during the fall and winter months. This was further confirmed by sleep hours and the lower proportion of recommended hours of sleep during the spring and summer, and a higher proportion of longer sleep duration during the fall and winter months. There was no significant variation in sleeping onset and wake-up times by season. Overall, there were no significant differences in the prevalence of sleep deprivation, insomnia, and excessive daytime sleepiness by season. When stratified by age group and sex, some differences existed in the prevalence of sleep problems by season. More than two-thirds (68.6%) of the participants reported that there was a change in sleep patterns across seasons, and about 26.0% reported a very or extremely marked change in sleep patterns across seasons. Changes in sleep patterns by season were related to money left at the end of the month and damage caused by dampness in the house.
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15
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Do psychiatric diseases follow annual cyclic seasonality? PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001347. [PMID: 34280189 PMCID: PMC8345894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) famously follows annual cycles, with incidence elevation in the fall and spring. Should some version of cyclic annual pattern be expected from other psychiatric disorders? Would annual cycles be similar for distinct psychiatric conditions? This study probes these questions using 2 very large datasets describing the health histories of 150 million unique U.S. citizens and the entire Swedish population. We performed 2 types of analysis, using “uncorrected” and “corrected” observations. The former analysis focused on counts of daily patient visits associated with each disease. The latter analysis instead looked at the proportion of disease-specific visits within the total volume of visits for a time interval. In the uncorrected analysis, we found that psychiatric disorders’ annual patterns were remarkably similar across the studied diseases in both countries, with the magnitude of annual variation significantly higher in Sweden than in the United States for psychiatric, but not infectious diseases. In the corrected analysis, only 1 group of patients—11 to 20 years old—reproduced all regularities we observed for psychiatric disorders in the uncorrected analysis; the annual healthcare-seeking visit patterns associated with other age-groups changed drastically. Analogous analyses over infectious diseases were less divergent over these 2 types of computation. Comparing these 2 sets of results in the context of published psychiatric disorder seasonality studies, we tend to believe that our uncorrected results are more likely to capture the real trends, while the corrected results perhaps reflect mostly artifacts determined by dominantly fluctuating, health-seeking visits across a given year. However, the divergent results are ultimately inconclusive; thus, we present both sets of results unredacted, and, in the spirit of full disclosure, leave the verdict to the reader. Should we expect psychiatric disorders to show a cyclic annual pattern? This study reveals that psychiatric diseases’ annual patterns were remarkably similar across the studied diseases in both the US and Sweden, with the magnitude of annual variation significantly higher in Sweden than in the US for psychiatric, but not infectious, diseases.
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16
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Hafstad GS, Sætren SS, Wentzel-Larsen T, Augusti EM. Adolescents' symptoms of anxiety and depression before and during the Covid-19 outbreak - A prospective population-based study of teenagers in Norway. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2021; 5:100093. [PMID: 34557820 PMCID: PMC8454857 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lockdown policies related to the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic has potential negative consequences for mental health in youths. METHODS Anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed in 3 572 adolescents, age 13 to 16 using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-10), in a representative longitudinal survey of Norwegian youths between February 2019 (T1) and June 2020 (T2). Predictors for symptom change were analysed with linear mixed-effects models. FINDINGS Overall, clinical levels of anxiety and depression increased slightly from 5.5% at T1 to 6.3% at T2; Chi square 224.4 (df = 1), p<.001. However, the observed change was driven by the increase in age between assessments. Being a girl, having pre-existing mental health problems, and living in a single-parent household at T1, predicted higher levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms at T2 (p<.001). Living in a single-parent household was associated with a significant increase in symptoms, also when age was controlled for (p<.001). Living in a poor family however, or having a history of maltreatment, was associated with a significantly lower increase in symptoms (p<.001). INTERPRETATION Anxiety and depressive symptoms increased slightly in Norwegian youths between 2019 and 2020, but this change seemed to be driven by increase in age rather than pandemic-related measures. Symptom levels were unevenly distributed across demographic groups both before and during the pandemic outbreak, indicating that health disparities persist for adolescents in risk groups during a pandemic . Health inequities related to living conditions need to be addressed in future action plans, and intensified measures to mitigate inequities are needed. FUNDING The study was funded by the Norwegian Directorate for Children, Adolescents and Family affairs (Bufdir).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertrud Sofie Hafstad
- Department for Child and Adolescent Research, Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Gullhaugveien 1-3, 0409 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sjur Skjørshammer Sætren
- Department for Child and Adolescent Research, Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Gullhaugveien 1-3, 0409 Oslo, Norway
- CAMHS Sola, Division of Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway
| | - Tore Wentzel-Larsen
- Department for Child and Adolescent Research, Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Gullhaugveien 1-3, 0409 Oslo, Norway
- Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health (RBUP), Southern and Eastern Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Else-Marie Augusti
- Department for Child and Adolescent Research, Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Gullhaugveien 1-3, 0409 Oslo, Norway
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Vahratian A, Blumberg SJ, Terlizzi EP, Schiller JS. Symptoms of Anxiety or Depressive Disorder and Use of Mental Health Care Among Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic - United States, August 2020-February 2021. MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT 2021; 70:490-494. [PMID: 33793459 PMCID: PMC8022876 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7013e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The spread of disease and increase in deaths during large outbreaks of transmissible diseases is often associated with fear and grief (1). Social restrictions, limits on operating nonessential businesses, and other measures to reduce pandemic-related mortality and morbidity can lead to isolation and unemployment or underemployment, further increasing the risk for mental health problems (2). To rapidly monitor changes in mental health status and access to care during the COVID-19 pandemic, CDC partnered with the U.S. Census Bureau to conduct the Household Pulse Survey (HPS). This report describes trends in the percentage of adults with symptoms of an anxiety disorder or a depressive disorder and those who sought mental health services. During August 19, 2020-February 1, 2021, the percentage of adults with symptoms of an anxiety or a depressive disorder during the past 7 days increased significantly (from 36.4% to 41.5%), as did the percentage reporting that they needed but did not receive mental health counseling or therapy during the past 4 weeks (from 9.2% to 11.7%). Increases were largest among adults aged 18-29 years and among those with less than a high school education. HPS data can be used in near real time to evaluate the impact of strategies that address mental health status and care of adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and to guide interventions for groups that are disproportionately affected.
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Butruille L, Vancamp P, Demeneix BA, Remaud S. Thyroid hormone regulation of adult neural stem cell fate: A comparative analysis between rodents and primates. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 116:133-192. [PMID: 33752817 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling, a highly conserved pathway across vertebrates, is crucial for brain development and function throughout life. In the adult mammalian brain, including that of humans, multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferate and generate neuronal and glial progenitors. The role of TH has been intensively investigated in the two main neurogenic niches of the adult mouse brain, the subventricular and the subgranular zone. A key finding is that T3, the biologically active form of THs, promotes NSC commitment toward a neuronal fate. In this review, we first discuss the roles of THs in the regulation of adult rodent neurogenesis, as well as how it relates to functional behavior, notably olfaction and cognition. Most research uncovering these roles of TH in adult neurogenesis was conducted in rodents, whose genetic background, brain structure and rate of neurogenesis are considerably different from that of humans. To bridge the phylogenetic gap, we also explore the similarities and divergences of TH-dependent adult neurogenesis in non-human primate models. Lastly, we examine how photoperiodic length changes TH homeostasis, and how that might affect adult neurogenesis in seasonal species to increase fitness. Several aspects by which TH acts on adult NSCs seem to be conserved among mammals, while we only start to uncover the molecular pathways, as well as how other in- and extrinsic factors are intertwined. A multispecies approach delivering more insights in the matter will pave the way for novel NSC-based therapies to combat neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Butruille
- UMR 7221 Phyma, CNRS/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Pieter Vancamp
- UMR 7221 Phyma, CNRS/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Barbara A Demeneix
- UMR 7221 Phyma, CNRS/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Remaud
- UMR 7221 Phyma, CNRS/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.
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Van de Velde SK, Cola K, Bompadre V, Steinman SE. Seasonal Variation in Parental Satisfaction With Pediatric Orthopaedics. J Pediatr Orthop 2021; 41:e296-e300. [PMID: 33417390 DOI: 10.1097/bpo.0000000000001747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The degree of parental satisfaction with health care is determined by the family's characteristics and expectations. Many aspects of human physiology and behavior have seasonal rhythms. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether parental satisfaction scores vary across the year in a pediatric orthopaedic outpatient population. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed a total of 22,951 parental satisfaction scores related to outpatient pediatric orthopaedic encounters between October 2015 and April 2019. Parental satisfaction was measured using the provider subdomain of the shortened version of the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS). Families were stratified according to various pediatric orthopaedic subspecialty services. RESULTS The satisfaction scores of all pediatric orthopaedic encounters combined did not vary significantly across the year (P=0.8745). When the families were stratified into groups by pediatric orthopaedic subspecialty clinic, variation in seasons was not associated with statistically significant variation in satisfaction scores for the elective surgery, sports medicine, trauma/fracture care, and hand/upper extremity services. However, satisfaction with the spine service was significantly lower in the winter compared with the summer and fall (73.9±3.8 vs. 83.5±5.3 and 82.6±3.6, respectively; P=0.0147). CONCLUSIONS The provision of pediatric spine care in a region with 4 distinct seasons received lower parental satisfaction scores during the winter than during the summer and fall. This seasonal variation is an additional source of bias in the measurement of satisfaction with health care. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II-retrospective study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristin Cola
- Pediatric Orthopedics of Southwest Florida, Fort Myers, FL
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Aguglia A, Cuomo A, Amerio A, Bolognesi S, Di Salvo G, Fusar-Poli L, Goracci A, Surace T, Serafini G, Aguglia E, Amore M, Fagiolini A, Maina G. A new approach for seasonal pattern: is it related to bipolarity dimension? Findings from an Italian multicenter study. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2021; 25:73-81. [PMID: 33399494 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2020.1862235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to assess the impact of seasonal pattern on several clinical dimensions in inpatients with a current major depressive episode and to evaluate clinical differences between unipolar and bipolar depression according to seasonal pattern. METHODS Study participants were 300 patients affected by major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD) currently experiencing a major depressive episode (MDE) and were recruited at three University Medical Centres in Italy. All study subjects completed several evaluation scales for depressive and hypomanic symptoms, quality of life and functioning, impulsiveness, and seasonal pattern. RESULTS Several differences between BD with and without seasonal pattern, MDD with and without seasonal pattern but in particular between BD and MDD with seasonal pattern were found. Patients with MDE with seasonal pattern had more frequently received a longitudinal diagnosis of BD. CONCLUSIONS A large number of patients with BD and seasonal pattern, but also a considerable number of patients with MDD and seasonal pattern, endorsed manic items during a current MDE. Seasonal pattern should be associated with a concept of bipolarity in mood disorders and not only related to bipolar disorder. A correct identification of seasonal patterns may lead to the implementation of personalised pharmacological treatment approaches.KEY POINTSHigh prevalence of mixed features in mood disorders with seasonal pattern, supporting the need for a dimensional approach to major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.Significant percentage of patients with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder had seasonal pattern.Significant percentage of patients with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder reported (hypo)manic symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Aguglia
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cuomo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Amerio
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Mood Disorders Program, Tufs Medical center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simone Bolognesi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriele Di Salvo
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, University Hospital San Luigi Gonzaga, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Fusar-Poli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Arianna Goracci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Teresa Surace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gianluca Serafini
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Eugenio Aguglia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Mario Amore
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Fagiolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maina
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, University Hospital San Luigi Gonzaga, Turin, Italy
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The association of recreational and non-recreational physical activity with mental health: A Canadian cross-sectional analysis. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2020.100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Généreux M, Schluter PJ, Hung KKC, Wong CS, Pui Yin Mok C, O’Sullivan T, David MD, Carignan ME, Blouin-Genest G, Champagne-Poirier O, Champagne É, Burlone N, Qadar Z, Herbosa T, Ribeiro-Alves G, Law R, Murray V, Chan EYY, Pignard-Cheynel N, Salerno S, Lits G, d’Haenens L, Coninck DD, Matthys K, Roy M. One Virus, Four Continents, Eight Countries: An Interdisciplinary and International Study on the Psychosocial Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic among Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8390. [PMID: 33202706 PMCID: PMC7697775 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic brought about several features that increased the sense of fear and confusion, such as quarantine and financial losses among other stressors, which may have led to adverse psychosocial outcomes. The influence of such stressors took place within a broader sociocultural context that needs to be considered. The objective was to examine how the psychological response to the pandemic varied across countries and identify which risk/protective factors contributed to this response. An online survey was conducted from 29 May 2020-12 June 2020, among a multinational sample of 8806 adults from eight countries/regions (Canada, United States, England, Switzerland, Belgium, Hong Kong, Philippines, New Zealand). Probable generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depression episode (MDE) were assessed. The independent role of a wide range of potential factors was examined using multilevel logistic regression. Probable GAD and MDE were indicated by 21.0% and 25.5% of the respondents, respectively, with an important variation according to countries/regions (GAD: 12.2-31.0%; MDE: 16.7-32.9%). When considered together, 30.2% of the participants indicated probable GAD or MDE. Several factors were positively associated with a probable GAD or MDE, including (in descending order of importance) weak sense of coherence (SOC), lower age, false beliefs, isolation, threat perceived for oneself/family, mistrust in authorities, stigma, threat perceived for country/world, financial losses, being a female, and having a high level of information about COVID-19. Having a weak SOC yielded the highest adjusted odds ratio for probable GAD or MDE (3.21; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.73-3.77). This pandemic is having an impact on psychological health. In some places and under certain circumstances, however, people seem to be better protected psychologically. This is a unique opportunity to evaluate the psychosocial impacts across various sociocultural backgrounds, providing important lessons that could inform all phases of disaster risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Généreux
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Philip J. Schluter
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury-Te Whare Wananga o Waitaha, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand;
| | - Kevin KC Hung
- Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ngan Shing Street 30-32, Hong Kong SAR, China; (K.K.H.); (C.S.W.); (C.P.Y.M.); (E.Y.Y.C.)
| | - Chi Shing Wong
- Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ngan Shing Street 30-32, Hong Kong SAR, China; (K.K.H.); (C.S.W.); (C.P.Y.M.); (E.Y.Y.C.)
| | - Catherine Pui Yin Mok
- Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ngan Shing Street 30-32, Hong Kong SAR, China; (K.K.H.); (C.S.W.); (C.P.Y.M.); (E.Y.Y.C.)
| | - Tracey O’Sullivan
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 7K4, Canada;
| | - Marc D. David
- Département de communication, Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (M.D.D.); (M.-E.C.); (O.C.-P.)
| | - Marie-Eve Carignan
- Département de communication, Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (M.D.D.); (M.-E.C.); (O.C.-P.)
| | - Gabriel Blouin-Genest
- School of Applied Politics, Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada;
| | - Olivier Champagne-Poirier
- Département de communication, Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (M.D.D.); (M.-E.C.); (O.C.-P.)
| | - Éric Champagne
- School of Political Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; (É.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Nathalie Burlone
- School of Political Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; (É.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Zeeshan Qadar
- National Collaborating Centre for Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada;
| | - Teodoro Herbosa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Philippines, Manille Grand Manille 1000, Philippines;
| | | | - Ronald Law
- Department of Health, Manila, Manille 2932, Philippines;
| | | | - Emily Ying Yang Chan
- Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ngan Shing Street 30-32, Hong Kong SAR, China; (K.K.H.); (C.S.W.); (C.P.Y.M.); (E.Y.Y.C.)
| | | | - Sébastien Salerno
- Université de Genève, Boulevard du Pont-d’Arve 40, 1205 Genève, Switzerland;
| | - Grégoire Lits
- Institut Langage et Communication, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
| | - Leen d’Haenens
- Institute for Media Studies, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - David De Coninck
- Centre for Sociological Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.D.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Koenraad Matthys
- Centre for Sociological Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (D.D.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Mathieu Roy
- Department of Family Medicine & Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
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Winthorst WH, Bos EH, Roest AM, de Jonge P. Seasonality of mood and affect in a large general population sample. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239033. [PMID: 32925966 PMCID: PMC7489524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mood and behaviour are thought to be under considerable influence of the seasons, but evidence is not unequivocal. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether mood and affect are related to the seasons, and what is the role of neuroticism in this association. In a national internet-based crowdsourcing project in the Dutch general population, individuals were invited to assess themselves on several domains of mental health. ANCOVA was used to test for differences between the seasons in mean scores on the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS). Within-subject seasonal differences were tested as well, in a subgroup that completed the PANAS twice. The role of neuroticism as a potential moderator of seasonality was examined. Participants (n = 5,282) scored significantly higher on positive affect (PANAS) and lower on depressive symptoms (QIDS) in spring compared to summer, autumn and winter. They also scored significantly lower on negative affect in spring compared to autumn. Effect sizes were small or very small. Neuroticism moderated the effect of the seasons, with only participants higher on neuroticism showing seasonality. There was no within-subject seasonal effect for participants who completed the questionnaires twice (n = 503), nor was neuroticism a significant moderator of this within-subjects effect. The findings of this study in a general population sample participating in an online crowdsourcing study do not support the widespread belief that seasons influence mood to a great extent. For, as far as the seasons did influence mood, this only applied to highly neurotic participants and not to low-neurotic participants. The underlying mechanism of cognitive attribution may explain the perceived relation between seasonality and neuroticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim H. Winthorst
- Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Elisabeth H. Bos
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annelieke M. Roest
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter de Jonge
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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24
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Lukmanji A, Williams JVA, Bulloch AGM, Patten SB. Seasonal variation in specific depressive symptoms: A population based study. J Affect Disord 2020; 261:153-159. [PMID: 31630036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression varies with season in Canadian youth. However, the symptom profile of seasonal depression may differ from that of non-seasonal depression. Here we evaluate which specific symptoms vary by season. METHODS Using data from the 2015/2016 Canadian Community Health Survey, cross-sectional analysis was conducted. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was administered to respondents in 8 provinces/territories (n ≈ 53,000), with interviews conducted throughout the year. Seasonal effects were assessed using quadratic terms in a logistic regression model. Guided by previous literature and analysis, analyses were stratified by age into youth (age 12-24) and adult (age 25+) groups. RESULTS In the youth, 8 items of the PHQ-9 exhibited a significant season variation: lack of interest/pleasure, feeling depressed/down, hypersomnia/insomnia, lacking energy, poor appetite/overeating, feeling bad about yourself/ like a failure, being slow/fidgety, and trouble concentrating. In the adult group, only sleep and poor appetite/overeating exhibited a seasonal effect. Notably, symptoms of self-harm/suicide did not demonstrate seasonality in either group. LIMITATIONS Due to use of cross-sectional data and a brief symptom rating scale, conventional criteria for Seasonal Affective Disorder or Major Depressive Disorder with seasonal variation could not be applied. Also, treatment status of respondents was not assessed in the survey, therefore possible confounding by this variable could not be assessed. CONCLUSIONS A seasonal pattern was observed in most symptoms of depression in Canadian youth, whereas in adults, only symptoms related to sleep and appetite disturbance displayed seasonal variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha Lukmanji
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Jeanne V A Williams
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Andrew G M Bulloch
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Scott B Patten
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada; Cuthbertson & Fischer Chair in Pediatric Mental Health, University of Calgary.
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