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Tassone VK, Wu M, Meshkat S, Duffy SF, Baig S, Jung H, Lou W, Bhat V. The association between depressive symptoms and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein: Is body mass index a moderator? Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 38:100773. [PMID: 38698915 PMCID: PMC11063595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Depression and obesity are highly comorbid conditions with shared biological mechanisms. It remains unclear how depressive symptoms and body mass index (BMI) interact in relation to inflammation. This cross-sectional study investigated the independent associations of depressive symptoms and BMI with high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), as well as the moderating role of BMI on the depressive symptoms-hs-CRP association. Methods Participants (n = 8827) from the 2015-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were aged ≥20 with a BMI ≥18.5 kg/m2, completed the Depression Screener, and had hs-CRP data. Multivariable linear regression was used to analyze hs-CRP in relation to depressive symptoms and BMI. An interaction term was included to examine whether the depressive symptoms-hs-CRP relationship differs depending on BMI. Results There was a slight, albeit non-significant, increase in hs-CRP levels with each one-point increase in depressive symptoms (aCoef.Estm. = 0.01, 95% CI = -0.05, 0.06, p = 0.754). Participants with overweight (aCoef.Estm. = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.61, 1.53, p < 0.001) or obese (aCoef.Estm. = 3.51, 95% CI = 3.04, 3.98, p < 0.001) BMIs had higher mean hs-CRP levels than those with a healthy BMI. There were no significant interactions between depressive symptoms and overweight (aCoef.Estm. = 0.04, 95% CI = -0.04, 0.13, p = 0.278) or obese (aCoef.Estm. = 0.11, 95% CI = -0.01, 0.22, p = 0.066) BMI indicating a lack of difference in the depressive symptoms-hs-CRP association across participants in the healthy versus overweight and obese ranges. Conclusions This study suggests that BMI might not act as a moderator in the association between depressive symptoms and hs-CRP. Results should be replicated in larger samples. Further research is warranted to understand underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa K. Tassone
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1M4, Canada
| | - Michelle Wu
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1M4, Canada
| | - Shakila Meshkat
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1M4, Canada
| | - Sophie F. Duffy
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1M4, Canada
| | - Smia Baig
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1M4, Canada
| | - Hyejung Jung
- Department of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Wendy Lou
- Department of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Venkat Bhat
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1M4, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Mental Health and Addictions Services, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
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Danka MN, Steptoe A, Iob E. Physical activity, low-grade inflammation, and psychological responses to the COVID-19 pandemic among older adults in England. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.14.24305797. [PMID: 38699297 PMCID: PMC11065037 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.14.24305797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Mental health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have been widely studied, but less is known about the potentially protective role of physical activity (PA) and the impact of low-grade inflammation. Using a sample of older adults from England, this study tested (1) if pre-pandemic PA and its changes during the pandemic were associated with mental health responses; (2) if older adults with low-grade inflammation experienced greater increases in depression and anxiety, compared to pre-pandemic levels; (3) if PA attenuated the association between inflammation and depression/anxiety. The study used data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a cohort study following a national sample aged 50+. Information on mental health and PA were collected before the pandemic (2016/17 and 2018/19) and during November and December 2020. Inflammation was ascertained using pre-pandemic C-reactive protein (CRP). Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic and health-related factors and pre-pandemic mental health. Increasing PA from before to during the pandemic was linked to reduced odds of depression (OR = 0.955, 95%CI [0.937, 0.974]) and anxiety (OR = 0.954, 95%CI [0.927; 0.982]). Higher pre-pandemic PA was associated with reduced odds of depression (OR = 0.964, 95%CI [0.948, 0.981]) and anxiety (OR = 0.976, 95%CI [0.953, 1.000]), whereas elevated CRP was associated with 1.343 times higher odds of depression (95%CI [1.100, 1.641]). PA did not attenuate the inflammation-depression association. The findings suggest that PA may contribute to psychological resilience among older adults, independently of inflammation. Further research is needed to explore the psychobiological pathways underlying this protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin N. Danka
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, University College London, UK
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, UK
| | - Eleonora Iob
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, UK
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Magin ZE, Park CL, Burke JD, Infurna FJ. Perceived Control and Inflammation: Mediating and Moderating Effects in the Relationship Between Cumulative Trauma and Depression. Psychosom Med 2024; 86:192-201. [PMID: 38193791 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of trauma exposure on depression risk and severity are well established, but psychosocial and biological factors that impact or explain those relationships remain poorly understood. This study examined the moderating and mediating effects of perceived control and inflammation in the relationship between trauma and depression. METHODS Moderation analyses and longitudinal mediation analyses were conducted on data from 945 adults who completed all three waves (spanning around 19 years) of the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) study and the MIDUS Biomarker Study. Data were collected during a phone interview, self-report surveys distributed in the mail, and an in-person blood draw. Two dimensions of perceived control-mastery and constraints-were examined separately in all analyses. RESULTS Perceived control did not significantly moderate the relationship between trauma and depression severity at MIDUS 2 ( b = 0.03, SE = .02, p = .091). Constraints significantly mediated the relationship between trauma and MIDUS 3 depression (indirect effect = 0.03, SE = 0.01, p = .016) but not after accounting for MIDUS 2 depression. Perceived control did not have a significant moderating effect in the relationships between trauma and inflammation or inflammation and depression. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study revealed that perceived control may be better characterized as an explanatory factor rather than a buffer in trauma-associated depression. Perceived constraints in particular may be a useful treatment target for trauma-associated depression. Further research is needed to examine whether these results generalize to populations other than among mostly non-Hispanic White adults in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary E Magin
- From the Department of Psychological Sciences (Magin, Park, Burke), University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut; and Department of Psychology (Infurna), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
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Hornick MG, Potempa LA. Monomeric C-reactive protein as a biomarker for major depressive disorder. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1325220. [PMID: 38250276 PMCID: PMC10797126 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1325220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has been postulated to be a key factor in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). With this is mind, there has been a wave of research looking into pro-inflammatory mediators as potential biomarkers for MDD. One such mediator is the acute phase protein, C-reactive protein (CRP). While several studies have investigated the potential of CRP as a biomarker for MDD, the results have been inconsistent. One explanation for the lack of consistent findings may be that the high-sensitivity CRP tests utilized in these studies only measure the pentameric isoform of CRP (pCRP). Recent research, however, has indicated that the monomeric isoform of CRP (mCRP) is responsible for the pro-inflammatory function of CRP, while pCRP is weakly anti-inflammatory. The objective of this minireview is to re-examine the evidence of CRP involvement in MDD with a view of mCRP as a potential biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary G. Hornick
- College of Science, Health and Pharmacy, Roosevelt University, Schaumburg, IL, United States
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Han KM, Lee SM, Hong M, Kim SJ, Sohn S, Choi YK, Hyun J, Kim H, Lee JS, Lee SH, Lee YR, Paik JW. COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Job Loss Impacts on Mental Health in South Korea. Psychiatry Investig 2023; 20:730-739. [PMID: 37559449 PMCID: PMC10460973 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2022.0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The economic hardship brought by the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-2019) pandemic has caused mental health problems among people of different socioeconomic status (SES). As social support helps to buffer these problems, we investigated the association between job loss related to COVID-19 and depression, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts; the differences in the effects according to SES; and the mediating effects of social support. METHODS The effects of COVID-19-related job loss on depression, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts among 1,364 people were investigated through semi-structured and self-administered questionnaires: Patient Health Questionnaire-9, General Anxiety Disorder-7, and the Functional Social Support Questionnaire. Logistic regression and subgroup analyses were performed to assess the association between job loss and mental health status, and the moderating effects of income and educational levels. Moreover, the mediating effects of perceived social support on the association between job loss and depression, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts were analyzed. RESULTS COVID-19-related job loss increased the risk of depression and suicidal thoughts. Adults with lower income and education level were at higher risk of depression, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts; perceived social support level had significant mediating effects on the association between job loss and depression/anxiety; and income level had significant moderating effects on this mediating pathway. CONCLUSION COVID-19-related job loss were likely to be significantly associated with negative mental health outcomes, especially among individuals with low income and education levels. As social support had buffering effects on such outcomes, related government policies in cooperation with the governance of communities and stakeholders must be prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Man Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minha Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Seok-Joo Kim
- Department of Social Welfare, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunju Sohn
- Department of Social Welfare, College of Humanities & Social Sciences, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Kyeung Choi
- Department of Psychology, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Hyun
- Department of Social Welfare, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeguk Kim
- Department of Social Welfare, Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Lee
- Department of Psychology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Ri Lee
- Department of Social Welfare, Nambu University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Paik
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Wang L, Jia H, Shen Y, Chu X, Chen Z, Ren Y, Zhang Y. Diagnostic Significance of Combined Calcitoninogen, Platelet, and D-Dimer Assay in Severe Heatstroke: with Clinical Data Analysis of 70 Patients with Severe Heatstroke. Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag 2023; 13:29-37. [PMID: 36067330 DOI: 10.1089/ther.2022.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The significance of calcitoninogen detection among inpatients was discussed by analyzing the clinical characteristics of severe heatstroke (HS). HS patients who were admitted to the Second Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, China, between July 1, 2015, and October 30, 2020, were reviewed. Patients' clinical characteristics and laboratory data were recorded, and they were divided into three groups, that is, a control group (heat cramps and heat exhaustion), an exertional HS (EHS) group, and a classical HS (CHS) group to compare the differences among them. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to evaluate patients' clinical utility. (1) The body temperatures in the EHS and CHS groups were significantly higher than in the control group (all p < 0.05). (2) The D-dimer (DD), procalcitonin (PCT), and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score of the EHS group were significantly higher compared with the control and CHS groups (all p < 0.05); the platelets (PLT), C-reactive protein (CRP), blood sodium (Na), and intravenous glucose (GLU) of the EHS group were lower than in the control and CHS groups (all p < 0.05). (3) The ROC curve analysis showed the performance results for DD (area under the curve [AUC] 0.670, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.547-0.777), PCT (AUC 0.705, 95% CI 0.584-0.808), and PLT (AUC 0.791, 95% CI 0.677-0.879). The sensitivity was 40.48%, 100%, and 73.81%, and the specificity was 96.43%, 32.14%, and 78.57%, respectively. Using three combined analyses, an elevated AUC of 0.838, 95% CI 0.731-0.916, with a sensitivity of 71.43% and a specificity of 85.71%, respectively, was revealed. Patients in the EHS group had higher DD, PCT, and APACHE II values, whereas PLT, CRP, Na, and GLU were reduced. The apparent decrease in the PLT, as well as the increase in PCT and DD values, could be considered as early sensitivity indicators of severe HS. A combined test of these three indicators presented significant diagnostic value for detecting severe cases of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Emergency Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hanyu Jia
- Research and Education Sector, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yiming Shen
- Department of Emergency Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xin Chu
- Department of Emergency Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhenghua Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuqin Ren
- Department of Emergency Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Research and Education Sector, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Pan Y, Luo R, Zhang S, Liu Y, Wang Y, Feng S, Li H. C-reactive protein could predict the efficacy of SSRIs in clinical practice: A cohort study of large samples in the real world. J Affect Disord 2022; 313:251-259. [PMID: 35772630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-reactive protein (CRP) has been shown to predict antidepressant treatment outcomes in several trials, but they were limited to small-sample and strictly-restricted conditions. This study plans to verify if CRP can predict antidepressant efficacy in large samples in the real world. METHODS 918 depressed patients who had tested CRP were included, then were followed up through their outpatient visits or by telephone to obtain information about their medication therapy (SSRIs, SNRIs, MT, NaSSA) and assess efficacy using the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale (CGII). Efficacy was classified as effective and ineffective and CRP was separated into the low CRP group (CRP <1 mg/L, n = 709) and the high CRP group (CRP ≥1 mg/L, n = 209).The efficacy was compared in different groups. RESULTS Using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional regression model to analyze, it was discovered that SNRIs were more effective than SSRIs in treating patients with high CRP(HR = 1.652, p = 0.037,95 % CI:1.031-2.654), and SSRIs were more effective in treating patients with low CRP than those with high CRP (HR = 1.257, p = 0.047,95 % CI:1.003-1.574), while no difference in efficacy between the two groups was found in patients using SNRIs, MT, NaSSA. LIMITATIONS Small amounts of MT and NaSSA were included, and some factors that may affect CRP value have not been controlled. CONCLUSION CRP could predict the efficacy of SSRIs in the real world, depressed patients with high CRP may be more likely to respond poorly to SSRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Pan
- Department of psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jian she East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Rui Luo
- Department of psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jian she East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Shuqi Zhang
- Department of psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jian she East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yuxia Liu
- Department of psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jian she East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Department of psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jian she East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Simeng Feng
- Department of psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jian she East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Hengfen Li
- Department of psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jian she East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.
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Rengasamy M, Da Costa E Silva SA, Spada M, Price RB. Does the moderator matter? Identification of multiple moderators of the association between peripheral inflammatory markers and depression severity in a large racially diverse community cohort. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1693-1701. [PMID: 35595844 PMCID: PMC9283451 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Depressive symptomology has been linked to low-grade peripheral inflammatory markers (PIMs), specifically C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell count (WBC). However, such associations may be affected by multiple moderators (including race/ethnicity), though few well-powered and racially diverse studies have examined this. We examined 31 moderators of PIM-depression relationships in a large racially diverse cohort (n = 21,570). We also examined if associations between PIM and depression severity were dependent on clinical cutpoints for moderate depressive symptoms and elevated CRP. We found several positive moderators of PIM-depression relationships for both WBC and CRP: ongoing medication use (antidepressant, statin, or any prescription drug), presence of sleep concerns, and poor health status (β's = 0.06-0.21, p's < 0.05). For both WBC and CRP, individuals of non-Hispanic White race/ethnicity were found to have stronger PIM-depression associations overall relative to minoritized groups (B's = 0.14 to 1.01, p's < 0.05). For CRP, stronger PIM-depression relationships existed for individuals with moderate (or greater) depression severity or elevated CRP (B's = 0.27 to 0.49, p's < 0.05). Thus, a wide range of moderators appears to affect PIM-depression associations. These results could help identify participants with strong coupling of PIM-depression severity, to guide future research and personalized treatments for depression and to indicate gaps in the applicability of widely referenced theoretical models among racial/ethnic minoritized groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manivel Rengasamy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | | | - Meredith Spada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca B Price
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Chae WR, Nübel J, Baumert J, Gold SM, Otte C. Association of depression and obesity with C-reactive protein in Germany: A large nationally representative study. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 103:223-231. [PMID: 35491003 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression and obesity often occur comorbidly, and once both are present, they further increase the risk of developing other medical comorbidities, likely due to the underlying chronic low-grade inflammation. We investigated to what extent depression and obesity are associated with levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in a nationally representative sample of the German adult population. METHODS We analyzed data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1, N = 7115), and its mental health module (DEGS1-MH; N = 4483). Two different depression measures were used: current depressive symptoms assessed by the self-administered German version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and major depressive disorder (MDD) in the last 12 months assessed by a modified German version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Obesity was defined by body mass index calculated from measured data. Associations with log(x + 1)-transformed hsCRP levels were analyzed using multivariable linear regression models. RESULTS Obese participants with depressive symptoms had significantly higher hsCRP compared to non-obese participants with depressive symptoms adjusted for sociodemographic and behavioral variables and medication use. In non-obese individuals, depressive symptoms were inversely associated with hsCRP, whereas MDD was not associated with hsCRP after adjustment for covariates. Additional analyses suggested symptom-specific associations of hsCRP as higher levels were linked to fatigue (β = 0.10, p <.001) while lower levels were linked to cognitive problems (β = -0.09, p <.001). Low SES, current smoking, lower levels of physical exercise, and the use of anti-inflammatory/anti-rheumatic medication and antidepressants were additional determinants of hsCRP in the fully adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that obesity status is more strongly associated with increased inflammation than depressive symptoms or MDD. The relationship between depression and hsCRP in our population-based sample is substantially influenced by obesity status as well as other medical factors, lifestyle, and socioeconomic status. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the association between hsCRP and depression is symptom-specific rather than generalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Ri Chae
- Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Julia Nübel
- Robert-Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Baumert
- Robert-Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan M Gold
- Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medical Department, Section of Psychosomatic Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (INIMS), Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Otte
- Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
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Metabolic indexes of obesity in patients with common mental disorders in stable stage. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:91. [PMID: 35130845 PMCID: PMC8819884 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03752-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a serious worldwide public health problem, especially for people with mental disorders. AIM To explore the related factors of obesity by analyzing the metabolic indexes of patients with common mental disorders in stable stage. METHODS Five hundred seventy-six subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) or schizophrenia (SCZ) were included, who received fixed drug dose and routine drug treatment for 2 years or more. Their venous blood was collected, and the blood metabolic indexes were analyzed. RESULTS BD and SCZ are more prone to obesity than MDD. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the value of BMI increased with the increase of age(B = 0.084, p < 0.001), TG(B = 0.355, p = 0.024), LDL(B = 0.697, p < 0.001), LDH(B = 0.011, p = 0.002), SCr(B = 0.051, p < 0.001), UA(B = 0.014, p < 0.001), HbA1c(B = 0.702, p = 0.004) and hsCRP(B = 0.101, p < 0.001). And It decreased with the increase of HDL(B = -1.493, p < 0.001). DISCUSSION People with mental disorders should regularly check blood indicators and strengthen weight management to reduce the risk of obesity and promote their health.
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C-Reactive Protein as a Biomarker for Major Depressive Disorder? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031616. [PMID: 35163538 PMCID: PMC8836046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of depression is not entirely understood. Several studies have investigated the role of inflammation in major depressive disorder. The present work aims to review the literature on the association between C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and depression. A systematic review was performed for the topics of ‘CRP’ and ‘depression’ using the PubMed database from inception to December 2021. Fifty-six studies were identified and included in the review. Evidence suggested the presence of dysregulation in the inflammation system in individuals with depression. In most studies, higher blood CRP levels were associated with greater symptom severity, a specific pattern of depressive symptoms, and a worse response to treatment. Moreover, about one-third of depressed patients showed a low-grade inflammatory state, suggesting the presence of a different major depressive disorder (MDD) subgroup with a distinct etiopathogenesis, clinical course, treatment response, and prognosis, which could benefit from monitoring of CRP levels and might potentially respond to anti-inflammatory treatments. This work provides robust evidence about the potential role of CRP and its blood levels in depressive disorders. These findings can be relevant to developing new therapeutic strategies and better understanding if CRP may be considered a valuable biomarker for depression.
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Psychosocial and Biological Outcomes of Immersive, Mindfulness-Based Treks in Nature for Groups of Young Adults and Caregivers Affected by Cancer: Results from a Single Arm Program Evaluation from 2016-2021. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312622. [PMID: 34886348 PMCID: PMC8657001 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has left many individuals suffering from “connection deficit disorder” given changes to the way we work, go to school, socialize, and engage in daily activities. Young adults affected by cancer between the ages of 18–39 have known this connection deficit long before the pandemic. Being diagnosed and treated for cancer during this time can significantly disrupt engagement in important educational, career, social, and reproductive pursuits, and contribute to increased stress, anxiety, depression, and other negative outcomes. Experiencing meaningful connection—with nature, with peers who understand, and with oneself, may help assuage this adverse effect of disconnect. A single arm within-subjects program evaluation was conducted to examine outcomes following participation in immersive, multi-night, mindfulness-based treks in nature in a sample of young adults (n = 157) and caregivers (n = 50) affected by cancer from 2016–2021. Pre to post-trek changes included significant (p < 0.001) self-reported improvements in feeling connected to nature (d = 0.93–0.95), peers (d = 1.1–1.3), and oneself (d = 0.57–1.5); significant (p < 0.001) improvements on PROMIS Anxiety (d = 0.62–0.78), Depression (d = 0.87–0.89), and Sleep Disturbance (d = 0.37–0.48) short forms; and significant (p < 0.05) changes in pro-inflammatory biomarkers (d = 0.55–0.82). Connection-promoting experiences like this have the potential to improve health and wellbeing in this population and serve as a model for others.
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