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Romo L, Earl S, Mueller KA, Obiol M. A Qualitative Model of Weight Cycling. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:798-814. [PMID: 38270518 DOI: 10.1177/10497323231221666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Weight cycling is a likely consequence of striving to lose weight after internalizing body image ideals, making upward social comparisons, and experiencing weight stigma. Despite weight cycling's potential physical and psychological consequences, the interplay of weight cycling, social pressures, and experienced and internalized stigma have not been qualitatively explored. Thus, through in-depth interviews of 36 weight-cycling adults, this study sought to understand how people negotiate weight cycling. Interviews informed the development of a qualitative model of weight cycling, which was derived from a theory-neutral inductive analysis. The model's stages included entering the cycle, undergoing the cycle, and challenging the cycle. Participants were triggered to enter the cycle due to weight stigma caused by social pressures. Within the cycle, interviewees internalized weight stigma and engaged in disordered weight management behaviors. Some participants challenged the cycle by becoming more self-aware and mitigating their toxic dieting behaviors. However, it was very difficult, if not impossible, for many to fully exit weight cycling and the restraints of previous weight management thinking and patterns. Our investigation underscores the seriousness of weight cycling and suggests ways to combat weight cycling on both macro and individual levels. It may also be useful to consider weight cycling as disordered eating in hopes of shifting society's dangerous focus on rapid weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynsey Romo
- Department of Communication, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Sydney Earl
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Katelin A Mueller
- Department of Communication, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Mary Obiol
- Department of Communication, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Wang H, He W, Yang G, Zhu L, Liu X. The Impact of Weight Cycling on Health and Obesity. Metabolites 2024; 14:344. [PMID: 38921478 PMCID: PMC11205792 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a systemic and chronic inflammation, which seriously endangers people's health. People tend to diet to control weight, and the short-term effect of dieting in losing weight is significant, but the prognosis is limited. With weight loss and recovery occurring frequently, people focus on weight cycling. The effect of weight cycling on a certain tissue of the body also has different conclusions. Therefore, this article systematically reviews the effects of body weight cycling on the body and finds that multiple weight cycling (1) increased fat deposition in central areas, lean mass decreased in weight loss period, and fat mass increased in weight recovery period, which harms body composition and skeletal muscle mass; (2) enhanced the inflammatory response of adipose tissue, macrophages infiltrated into adipose tissue, and increased the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in adipocytes; (3) blood glucose concentration mutation and hyperinsulinemia caused the increase or decrease in pancreatic β-cell population, which makes β-cell fatigue and leads to β-cell failure; (4) resulted in additional burden on the cardiovascular system because of cardiovascular rick escalation. Physical activity combined with calorie restriction can effectively reduce metabolic disease and chronic inflammation, alleviating the adverse effects of weight cycling on the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Graduate School, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China; (H.W.); (W.H.); (G.Y.)
| | - Wenbi He
- Graduate School, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China; (H.W.); (W.H.); (G.Y.)
| | - Gaoyuan Yang
- Graduate School, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China; (H.W.); (W.H.); (G.Y.)
| | - Lin Zhu
- Graduate School, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China; (H.W.); (W.H.); (G.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Graduate School, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China; (H.W.); (W.H.); (G.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
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Almuwaqqat Z, Hui Q, Liu C, Zhou JJ, Voight BF, Ho YL, Posner DC, Vassy JL, Gaziano JM, Cho K, Wilson PWF, Sun YV. Long-Term Body Mass Index Variability and Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e243062. [PMID: 38512255 PMCID: PMC10958234 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.3062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) is a commonly used estimate of obesity, which is a complex trait affected by genetic and lifestyle factors. Marked weight gain and loss could be associated with adverse biological processes. Objective To evaluate the association between BMI variability and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in 2 distinct cohorts. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used data from the Million Veteran Program (MVP) between 2011 and 2018 and participants in the UK Biobank (UKB) enrolled between 2006 and 2010. Participants were followed up for a median of 3.8 (5th-95th percentile, 3.5) years. Participants with baseline CVD or cancer were excluded. Data were analyzed from September 2022 and September 2023. Exposure BMI variability was calculated by the retrospective SD and coefficient of variation (CV) using multiple clinical BMI measurements up to the baseline. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was incident composite CVD events (incident nonfatal myocardial infarction, acute ischemic stroke, and cardiovascular death), assessed using Cox proportional hazards modeling after adjustment for CVD risk factors, including age, sex, mean BMI, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking status, diabetes status, and statin use. Secondary analysis assessed whether associations were dependent on the polygenic score of BMI. Results Among 92 363 US veterans in the MVP cohort (81 675 [88%] male; mean [SD] age, 56.7 [14.1] years), there were 9695 Hispanic participants, 22 488 non-Hispanic Black participants, and 60 180 non-Hispanic White participants. A total of 4811 composite CVD events were observed from 2011 to 2018. The CV of BMI was associated with 16% higher risk for composite CVD across all groups (hazard ratio [HR], 1.16; 95% CI, 1.13-1.19). These associations were unchanged among subgroups and after adjustment for the polygenic score of BMI. The UKB cohort included 65 047 individuals (mean [SD] age, 57.30 (7.77) years; 38 065 [59%] female) and had 6934 composite CVD events. Each 1-SD increase in BMI variability in the UKB cohort was associated with 8% increased risk of cardiovascular death (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.04-1.11). Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study found that among US veterans, higher BMI variability was a significant risk marker associated with adverse cardiovascular events independent of mean BMI across major racial and ethnic groups. Results were consistent in the UKB for the cardiovascular death end point. Further studies should investigate the phenotype of high BMI variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Almuwaqqat
- Veterans Affairs Atlanta Healthcare System, Decatur, Georgia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Qin Hui
- Veterans Affairs Atlanta Healthcare System, Decatur, Georgia
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jin J. Zhou
- Department of Medicine and Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles
- Veterans Affairs Phoenix Healthcare System, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Benjamin F. Voight
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia\
| | - Yuk-Lam Ho
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston
| | - Daniel C. Posner
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston
| | - Jason L. Vassy
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J. Michael Gaziano
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kelly Cho
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter W. F. Wilson
- Veterans Affairs Atlanta Healthcare System, Decatur, Georgia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yan V. Sun
- Veterans Affairs Atlanta Healthcare System, Decatur, Georgia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
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Sanaya N, Janusaite M, Dalamaga M, Magkos F. The Physiological Effects of Weight-Cycling: A Review of Current Evidence. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:35-50. [PMID: 38172475 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is a common perception among the public that yo-yo dieting, defined as repeated cycles of weight loss followed by weight regain, results in accumulation of fat in the body and lower metabolic rate, thus hindering subsequent attempts to lose weight. We evaluated the effects of weight-cycling on body weight and body mass index (BMI), body composition including fat mass (FM) and lean body mass (LBM), and resting metabolic rate (RMR), by systematically reviewing existing scientific literature. RECENT FINDINGS Twenty-three cross-sectional and cohort studies (including subjects with a history of weight-cycling compared to those without such history) and interventional studies (evaluating physiological effects during one or more cycles of weight loss and regain) were identified, conducted in generally healthy adults across various age groups, races, and both genders, who had normal weight, overweight, or obesity. Eighteen studies investigated the association between weight-cycling and body weight or BMI, and thirteen of them found no significant association. Fifteen out of twenty studies also found no increase in FM, and none of eighteen studies found a decrease in LBM. Twelve out of fourteen studies reported no adverse changes in RMR either. The overwhelming majority of evidence suggests that weight-cycling (yo-yo effect) is not associated with any adverse effects in body weight, body composition, and metabolic rate. Accordingly, healthy individuals who struggle with overweight or obesity should not be discouraged from repeated attempts to lose the excess weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Sanaya
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Monika Janusaite
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Abstract
Obesity, dieting, and weight cycling are common among reproductive-age women. Weight cycling refers to intentional weight loss followed by unintentional weight regain. Weight loss is accompanied by changes in gut peptides, adipose hormones, and energy expenditure that promote weight regain to a tightly regulated set point. While weight loss can improve body composition and surrogate markers of cardiometabolic health, it is hypothesized that the weight regain can result in an overshoot effect, resulting in excess weight gain, altered body composition, and negative effects on surrogate markers of cardiometabolic health. Numerous observational studies have examined the association of weight cycling and health outcomes. There appears to be modest association between weight cycling with type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia in women, but no association with hypertension, cardiovascular events, and overall cancer risk. Interestingly, mild weight cycling may be associated with a decreased risk of overall and cardiovascular mortality. Little is known about the effects of weight cycling in the preconception period. Although obesity and weight gain are associated with pregnancy complications, preconception weight loss does not appear to mitigate the risk of most pregnancy complications related to obesity. Research on preconception weight cycling may provide insight into this paradox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn J Carey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Wendy Vitek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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Kamalipour A, Roshanshad A, Nalini M, Hassanzadeh J, Malekzadeh R, Malekzadeh F, Poustchi H, Gandomkar A, Salehi A, Molavi Vardanjani H. Pictogram Is a Valid Instrument to Classify At-Risk Adult Population Based on Abdominal Obesity: Results from Pars Cohort Study. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2022; 25:366-374. [PMID: 35943016 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2022.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal obesity is associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction and death events. Thus, obtaining data on the status of abdominal obesity is important in risk factor assessment and prevention of non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of using pictograms to classify abdominal obesity indices (waist circumference [WC], waist-hip ratio [WHR], and waist-height ratio [WHtR]) into normal and at-risk categories and determine the effects of demographic characteristics on this validity. METHODS This cross-sectional study used data from Pars Cohort Study (PCS). Participants chose the most similar pictogram scores to their body size at 15, 30 years, and current age. Optimal normal/at-risk cut-off values for pictograms were calculated using sensitivity/specificity plots. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the validity of pictograms. Validity measures were analyzed across different subgroups of demographic characteristics. RESULTS A total of 9263 participants (46% males) were included in the study. The estimated area under the curves were 84% for WC, 77% for WHR, and 89% for WHtR in males, and 84% for WC, 73% for WHR, and 90% for WHtR in females. Optimal pictogram cutoffs to classify central obesity for WC, WHR, and WHtR were 4, 4, and 5 in males and 4, 4, and 6 in females, respectively. The majority of demographic characteristics were not associated with the validity of pictograms. CONCLUSION Using pictograms to determine normal and at-risk categories of abdominal obesity indices is valid among adult population with a wide range of demographic characteristics. However, the results need to be interpreted with caution in those with a positive history of weight fluctuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Kamalipour
- MPH Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Amirhossein Roshanshad
- MPH Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Nalini
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Jafar Hassanzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Liver, Pancreatic, and Biliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Malekzadeh
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver, Pancreatic, and Biliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdullah Gandomkar
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Salehi
- MPH Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Molavi Vardanjani
- MPH Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- MPH Department, School of Medicine, Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Tagougui S, Legault L, Heyman E, Messier V, Suppere C, Potter KJ, Pigny P, Berthoin S, Taleb N, Rabasa-Lhoret R. Anticipated Basal Insulin Reduction to Prevent Exercise-Induced Hypoglycemia in Adults and Adolescents Living with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther 2022; 24:307-315. [PMID: 35099281 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2021.0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We investigated the effect of two key timings for basal insulin rate reduction on exercise-induced glucose changes and explored the association between circulating insulin concentrations and muscle vasoreactivity. Research Design and Methods: Twenty adults and adolescents performed 60-min exercise sessions (ergocycle) at 60% VO2peak, 240 min after a standardized lunch. In a randomized order, we compared an 80% basal insulin reduction applied 40 min (T-40) or 90 min (T-90) before exercise onset. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate muscle hemodynamics at vastus lateralis. Glucose and insulin plasma concentrations were measured. Results: Reduction in plasma glucose (PG) level during exercise was attenuated during T-90 versus T-40 strategy (-0.89 ± 1.89 mmol/L vs. -2.17 ± 2.49 mmol/L, respectively; P = 0.09). Linear mixed model analysis showed that PG dropped by an additional 0.01 mM per minute in T-40 versus T-90 (time × strategy interaction, P < 0.05). The absolute number of hypoglycemic events was not different between the two strategies, but they occurred later with T-90. Free insulin tends to decrease more during the pre-exercise period in the T-90 strategy (P = 0.08). Although local muscle vasodilatation (ΔTHb) was comparable between the two strategies, we found that PG dropped more in cases of higher exercise-induced skeletal muscle vasodilatation (ΔTHb × time interaction P < 0.005, e: -0.0086 mM/min and additional mM of ΔTHb). Conclusion: T-90 timing reduced exercise-induced drop in PG and delayed the occurrence of hypoglycemic episodes compared with T-40 timing without a significant reduction in the number of events requiring treatment. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03349489.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sémah Tagougui
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montreal, Canada
- Département de nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Lille, France
| | - Laurent Legault
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montreal, Canada
- McGill University Health Center (MUHC), Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Elsa Heyman
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Lille, France
| | | | - Corinne Suppere
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Pascal Pigny
- Laboratoire de Biochimie-Hormonologie, CHU Lille, Centre de Biologie-Pathologie, Lille, France
| | - Serge Berthoin
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Lille, France
| | - Nadine Taleb
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montreal, Canada
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Endocrinology Division, Montreal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC), Montreal University Hospital (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montreal, Canada
- Département de nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Endocrinology Division, Montreal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC), Montreal University Hospital (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
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Yang Y, Cho JH. Higher Weight Variability Could Bring You a Fatty Liver. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:766-768. [PMID: 34474514 PMCID: PMC8419621 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yeoree Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,
Korea
- Catholic Smart Health Care Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jae-Hyoung Cho
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,
Korea
- Catholic Smart Health Care Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,
Korea
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Chin YR, So ES. The effects of weight fluctuation on the components of metabolic syndrome: a 16-year prospective cohort study in South Korea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 79:21. [PMID: 33602291 PMCID: PMC7893930 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Weight fluctuation (WF) is highly prevalent in parallel with the high prevalence of intentional or unintentional dieting. The health risks of frequent WF for metabolic syndrome (MS) have become a public health concern, especially for health care providers who supervise dieting as an intervention to prevent obesity-related morbidity or to improve health, as well as for the general population for whom dieting is of interest. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effect of WF on the risk of MS in Koreans. Methods This study analyzed secondary data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, a 16-year prospective cohort study, on 8150 individuals using time-dependent Cox regression. Results WF did not increase the risk of MS in either normal-weight or obese subjects. In an analysis of the components of MS, greater WF significantly increased the risk of abdominal obesity (HR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.02–1.07, p < 0.001) in normal-weight individuals. However, WF did not increase the risk of hyperglycemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, elevated blood pressure, or raised fasting glucose in normal-weight individuals, and it did not influence any of the components of MS in obese individuals. Conclusion Since WF was found to be a risk factor for abdominal obesity, which is the most reliable predictor of MS, it should be considered when addressing weight control. Further studies on cut-off points for the degree of weight loss in a certain period need to be conducted to help clinicians provide guidance on appropriate weight control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ran Chin
- Department of Nursing, Chungwoon University, 25 Daehak-gil, Hongseong-eup, Hongseong, 32244, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sun So
- College of Nursing, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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The impact of early body-weight variability on long-term weight maintenance: exploratory results from the NoHoW weight-loss maintenance intervention. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 45:525-534. [PMID: 33144700 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-00706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight-loss programmes often achieve short-term success though subsequent weight regain is common. The ability to identify predictive factors of regain early in the weight maintenance phase is crucial. OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations between short-term weight variability and long-term weight outcomes in individuals engaged in a weight-loss maintenance intervention. METHODS The study was a secondary analysis from The NoHoW trial, an 18-month weight maintenance intervention in individuals who recently lost ≥5% body weight. Eligible participants (n = 715, 64% women, BMI = 29.2 (SD 5.0) kg/m2, age = 45.8 (SD 11.5) years) provided body-weight data by smart scale (Fitbit Aria 2) over 18 months. Variability in body weight was calculated by linear and non-linear methods over the first 6, 9 and 12 weeks. These estimates were used to predict percentage weight change at 6, 12, and 18 months using both crude and adjusted multiple linear regression models. RESULTS Greater non-linear weight variability over the first 6, 9 and 12 weeks was associated with increased subsequent weight in all comparisons; as was greater linear weight variability measured over 12 weeks (up to AdjR2 = 4.7%). Following adjustment, 6-week weight variability did not predict weight change in any model, though greater 9-week weight variability by non-linear methods was associated with increased body-weight change at 12 (∆AdjR2 = 1.2%) and 18 months (∆AdjR2 = 1.3%) and by linear methods at 18 months (∆AdjR2 = 1.1%). Greater non-linear weight variability measured over 12 weeks was associated with increased weight at 12 (∆AdjR2 = 1.4%) and 18 (∆AdjR2 = 2.2%) months; and 12-week linear variability was associated with increased weight at 12 (∆AdjR2 = 2.1%) and 18 (∆AdjR2 = 3.6%) months. CONCLUSION Body-weight variability over the first 9 and 12 weeks of a weight-loss maintenance intervention weakly predicted increased weight at 12 and 18 months. These results suggest a potentially important role in continuously measuring body weight and estimating weight variability.
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11
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Maréchal R, Ghachem A, Prud'homme D, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Dionne IJ, Brochu M. Physical activity energy expenditure and fat-free mass: relationship with metabolic syndrome in overweight or obese postmenopausal women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 46:389-396. [PMID: 33080144 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Menopause transition is associated with detrimental changes in physical activity, body composition, and metabolic profile. Although physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) is inversely associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in individuals at higher risk of cardiovascular disease, the association is unknown in low-risk individuals. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between PAEE and MetS (prevalence and severity) in inactive overweight or obese postmenopausal women with a low Framingham Risk Score (<10%). Cross-sectional data of 126 participants were divided into quartiles based on PAEE (Quartile (Q)1 = lowest PAEE) while fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. MetS prevalence was significantly different between Q1 and Q4 (37.9% vs 13.3%, p = 0.03). After controlling for potential confounders, MetS severity was negatively associated with PAEE (B = -0.057, p < 0.01) and positively with FFM (B = 0.038, p < 0.001). Moderation analyses indicated that a greater FFM exacerbated the association between PAEE and MetS severity in Q1 and Q2 (PAEE × FFM; B = -0.004; p = 0.1). Our results suggest that displaying a low FRS and lower PAEE increase MetS prevalence and severity. In addition, greater FFM interacts with lower PAEE to worsens MetS severity, while higher PAEE lessened this effect. Novelty: Inactive individuals displaying higher daily PAEE also have a lower MetS prevalence. Greater FFM is associated with a worse MetS severity where a higher PAEE mitigated this deleterious effect in our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Maréchal
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Ahmed Ghachem
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Denis Prud'homme
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.,Institut du Savoir Montfort, Ottawa, ON K1K 0T2, Canada
| | - Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada.,Institut de Recherche Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Isabelle J Dionne
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Martin Brochu
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
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12
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Turicchi J, O'Driscoll R, Horgan G, Duarte C, Santos I, Encantado J, Palmeira AL, Larsen SC, Olsen JK, Heitmann BL, Stubbs RJ. Body weight variability is not associated with changes in risk factors for cardiometabolic disease. Int J Cardiol Hypertens 2020; 6:100045. [PMID: 33447771 PMCID: PMC7803052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchy.2020.100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Weight loss is known to improve health, however the influence of variability in body weight around the overall trajectory on these outcomes is unknown. Few studies have measured body weight frequently enough to accurately estimate the variability component. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of 12-month weight variability and concurrent weight change with changes in health markers and body composition. METHODS This study was a secondary analysis of the NoHoW trial, a 2 × 2 factorial randomised controlled trial promoting evidence-based behaviour change for weight loss maintenance. Outcome measurements related to cardiometabolic health and body composition were taken at 0, 6 and 12 months. Participants were provided with Wi-Fi connected smart scales (Fitbit Aria 2) and asked to self-weigh regularly over this period. Associations of weight variability and weight change with change in outcomes were investigated using multiple linear regression with multiple levels of adjustment in 955 participants. RESULTS Twelve models were generated for each health marker. Associations between weight variability and changes in health markers were inconsistent between models and showed no evidence of a consistent relationship, with all effects explaining <1% of the outcome, and most 0%. Weight loss was consistently associated with improvements in health and body composition, with the greatest effects seen in percent body fat (R2 = 10.4-11.1%) followed by changes in diastolic (4.2-4.7%) and systolic (3-4%) blood pressure. CONCLUSION Over 12-months, weight variability was not consistently associated with any measure of cardiometabolic health or body composition, however weight loss consistently improved all outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN88405328.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Turicchi
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ruairi O'Driscoll
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Cristiana Duarte
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Inês Santos
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Encantado
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Sofus C. Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jack K. Olsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Berit L. Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition and Eating Disorder, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Public Health, Section for General Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R. James Stubbs
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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13
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ACYL-CoA synthetase long-chain 5 polymorphism is associated with weight loss and metabolic changes in response to a partial meal-replacement hypocaloric diet. NUTR HOSP 2020; 37:757-762. [PMID: 32686444 DOI: 10.20960/nh.03019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aims:to analyze the effects of the rs2419621 genetic variant of the ACSL5 gene on weight change and metabolic parameters after a partial meal-replacement hypocaloric diet. Methods: this was a non-randomized, single-treatment study with a formula-diet in 44 obese subjects with body mass index (BMI) greater than 35 kg/m2. Patients received nutritional education and a modified diet with two intakes of a normocaloric hyperproteic formula during 3 months. Anthropometric parameters and biochemical profile were measured at baseline and after 3 months. The rs2419621 variant of the ACSL5 gene was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: T-allele carriers showed greater improvement in body weight (CC vs. CT + TT; -7.4 ± 2.1 kg vs. -9.3 ± 1.8 kg; p = 0.01), body mass index (-3.1 ± 0.4 kg/m2 vs. -3.4 ± 0.5 kg/m2; p = 0.02), fat mass (-5.2 ± 1.4 kg vs. -6.4 ± 1.2 kg; p = 0.01) and waist circumference (-6.1 ± 1.1 cm vs. -8.6 ± 0.8 cm; p = 0.02) than non-T-allele carriers. Only subjects with the T allele showed significant improvement in triglyceride levels (-4.6 ± 2.4 md/dL vs. -14.4 ± 2.3 mg/dL; p = 0.01). Finally, improvements in insulin (-2.0 ± 0.3 mU/L vs. -4.5 ± 0.5 mU/L; p = 0.01) and HOMA-IR (-0.4 ± 0.2 units vs. -1.3 ± 0.3 units; p = 0.02) were higher in T-allele carriers than in non-T-allele carriers. Conclusions: our data suggest that the genetic variant (rs2419621) of the ACSL5 gene is associated with diet response after a partial-meal replacement intervention, with greater improvements in adiposity and biochemical parameters in subjects with the T allele.
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14
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Del Vecchio FB, Coswig VS, Cabistany LD, Orcy RB, Gentil P. Effects of exercise cessation on adipose tissue physiological markers related to fat regain: A systematic review. SAGE Open Med 2020; 8:2050312120936956. [PMID: 32655863 PMCID: PMC7331762 DOI: 10.1177/2050312120936956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissues usually super compensate during the period that follow physical exercise. Although this is widely accepted for muscle and glycogen, the compensatory effect is not usually applied to fat tissues. Notwithstanding, evidence for this has been present since the 1970s when it was first suggested that the increased lipogenic activity in response to training might be an adaptation that enables to restore an energy reserve that can be used in times of need. In this context, the present review aimed to summarize information about the effect of detraining on fat metabolism and the physiological responses associated with fat regain. A systematic search on PubMed and Scielo was performed using "training cessation," "detraining," "exercise detraining," and "exercise cessation" combined with "fat tissue," "adipose tissue," "adipose metabolism," and "fat metabolism," as descriptors. From 377 results, 25 were included in this review, 12 humans and 13 rodents, resulting in a sample of 6772 humans and 613 animals. The analysis provided evidence for fat super compensation, as well as differences in humans and rodents, among different protocols and possible mechanisms for fat gain after exercise cessation. In summary, exercise cessation appears to increase the ability of the adipose tissue to store energy. However, caution should be taken, especially regarding conclusions based on investigations on humans, considering the multiple factors that could affect fat metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leo Dutra Cabistany
- Superior School of Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Bueno Orcy
- Superior School of Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Gentil
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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15
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Beaudry KM, Devries MC. Nutritional Strategies to Combat Type 2 Diabetes in Aging Adults: The Importance of Protein. Front Nutr 2019; 6:138. [PMID: 31555655 PMCID: PMC6724448 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of pre-diabetes (PD) and type II diabetes (T2D) has risen dramatically in recent years affecting an estimated 422 million adults worldwide. The risk of T2D increases with age, with the sharpest rise in diagnosis occurring after age 40. With age, there is also a progressive decline in muscle mass starting after the age of 30. The decline in muscle mass and function due to aging is termed sarcopenia and immediately precedes the sharp rise in T2D. The purpose of the current review is to discuss the role of protein to attenuate declines in muscle mass and insulin sensitivity to prevent T2D and sarcopenia in aging adults. The current recommended dietary allowance for protein consumption is set at 0.8 g/kg/day and is based on dated studies on young healthy men and may not be sufficient for older adults. Protein consumption upwards of 1.0-1.5 g/kg/day in older adults is able to induce improvements in glycemic control and muscle mass. Obesity, particularly central or visceral obesity is a major risk factor in the development of PD and T2D. However, the tissue composition of weight loss in older adults includes both lean body mass and fat mass and therefore may have adverse metabolic consequences in older adults who are already at a high risk of lean body mass loss. High protein diets have the ability to increase weight loss while preserving lean body mass therefore inducing "high-quality weight loss," which provides favorable metabolic changes in older adults. High protein diets also induce beneficial outcomes on glycemic markers due to satiety, lowered post-prandial glucose response, increased thermogenesis, and the ability to decrease rates of muscle protein breakdown (MPB). The consumption of dairy specific protein consumption has also been shown to improve insulin sensitivity by improving body composition, enhancing insulin release, accelerating fat oxidation, and stimulating rates of muscle protein synthesis (MPS) in older adults. Exercise, specifically resistance training, also works synergistically to attenuate the progression of PD and T2D by further stimulating rates of MPS thereby increasing muscle mass and inducing favorable changes in glycemic control independent of lean body mass increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh M Beaudry
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Michaela C Devries
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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16
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Tagougui S, Goulet-Gelinas L, Taleb N, Messier V, Suppere C, Rabasa-Lhoret R. Association Between Body Composition and Blood Glucose During Exercise and Recovery in Adolescent and Adult Patients With Type 1 Diabetes. Can J Diabetes 2019; 44:192-195. [PMID: 31399364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Semah Tagougui
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lucas Goulet-Gelinas
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nadine Taleb
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Virginie Messier
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Corinne Suppere
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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17
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Ciciurkaite G, Moloney ME, Brown RL. The Incomplete Medicalization of Obesity: Physician Office Visits, Diagnoses, and Treatments, 1996-2014. Public Health Rep 2019; 134:141-149. [PMID: 30794761 DOI: 10.1177/0033354918813102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite increased awareness of obesity-related health risks and myriad treatment options, obesity still affects more than one-third of persons in the United States and is a substantial public health problem. Studies show that physicians play a key role in obesity prevention and treatment. The objective of this study was to examine the extent to which obesity is diagnosed and treated at the level of patient-physician interaction. METHODS We used data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS), a nationally representative data set of US physician office visits. We estimated the number of obesity diagnoses and prescriptions of weight-loss management solutions (exercise counseling, diet counseling, or weight-loss drugs) in clinical practice from 1996 through 2014. We also calculated rates of obesity diagnosis and compared these rates with national rates of obesity based on body mass index data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) for the same period. RESULTS The estimated number of weight gain-related physician office visits increased from 2.3 million in 1996 to a peak of 7.6 million in 2012, and then fell to 4.5 million in 2014. National estimates of obesity diagnoses resulting from physician office visits ranged from 7.1 million in 1996 to 12.7 million in 2014 and substantially outnumbered the estimates for weight gain-related physician office visits throughout the study period. Estimates of exercise counseling and diet counseling and weight-loss medication prescriptions resulting from physician office visits fluctuated over time but never exceeded obesity diagnoses. When compared with national rates of obesity from the BRFSS, rates of obesity diagnoses resulting from physician office visits were substantially lower in the NAMCS (17%-30% vs 1%). National trends for weight-loss medication prescriptions closely mirrored those of weight gain-related physician office visits, even though fluctuations were substantial. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that obesity is largely underdiagnosed and undertreated in clinical encounters. Future studies should investigate the structural changes needed to better engage physicians in obesity prevention and care. Practitioners should also reflect on their biases in treating obesity as a chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Ciciurkaite
- 1 Department of Sociology, Social Work and Anthropology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | | | - Robyn Lewis Brown
- 2 Department of Sociology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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18
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Pacanowski CR, Linde JA, Faulconbridge LF, Coday M, Safford MM, Chen H, Yanovski SZ, Ewing LJ, Wing R, Jeffery RW. Psychological status and weight variability over eight years: Results from Look AHEAD. Health Psychol 2018; 37:238-246. [PMID: 29504788 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cross-sectional studies suggest an association between weight cycling and psychological status. Although this is often interpreted as suggesting that weight cycles "cause" psychological distress, the relationship could be bidirectional. This study provides a prospective analysis of the bidirectional association between weight variability and psychological status over an 8-year period in overweight/obese adults with Type 2 diabetes. METHOD Data were from the first 8 years of Look AHEAD, a randomized controlled trial comparing health outcomes in individuals with Type 2 diabetes assigned to an intensive lifestyle intervention designed to produce weight loss or a diabetes education and support control group. Psychological status (mental health, depressive symptoms, binge eating) was assessed via surveys and were examined in relation to weight variability at both baseline and year 8. Weight variability was derived from 8 possible annual measurements from participants who had a minimum of 3 consecutive body weight measurements (N = 4,774) and operationalized as the number of year-to-year cycles and the coefficient of variation across all available weight measurements. RESULTS Controlling for study group, higher baseline scores on mental health (Short Form-36 Mental Component Summary) and lower levels of depressive symptomatology (Beck Depression Inventory) and binge eating (Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns) were associated with significantly less subsequent weight variability. The prospective association between weight variability and psychological status at year 8 was less robust. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the cross-sectional relationship between weight variability and psychological status is due primarily to poorer psychological function preceding greater weight instability. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer A Linde
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota
| | | | - Mace Coday
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center
| | - Monika M Safford
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University
| | - Haiying Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine
| | - Susan Z Yanovski
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health
| | | | - Rena Wing
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University
| | - Robert W Jeffery
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota
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19
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Bégin C, Carbonneau E, Gagnon-Girouard MP, Mongeau L, Paquette MC, Turcotte M, Provencher V. Eating-Related and Psychological Outcomes of Health at Every Size Intervention in Health and Social Services Centers Across the Province of Québec. Am J Health Promot 2018; 33:248-258. [DOI: 10.1177/0890117118786326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To report the outcomes of a Health at Every Size (HAES) intervention in a real-world setting. Design: Quasi-experimental design evaluating eating behaviors and psychological factors. Setting: The HAES intervention is offered in Health and Social Services Centers in Québec (Canada). Participants: For this study, 216 women (body mass index [BMI]: 35.76 [6.80] kg/m2) who participated to the HAES intervention were compared to 110 women (BMI: 34.56 [7.30] kg/m2) from a comparison group. Intervention: The HAES intervention is composed of 14 weekly meetings provided by health professionals. It focuses on healthy lifestyle, self-acceptance, and intuitive eating. Measures: Eating behaviors (ie, flexible restraint, rigid restraint, disinhibition, susceptibility to hunger, intuitive eating, and obsessive-compulsive eating) and psychological correlates (ie, body esteem, self-esteem, and depression) were assessed using validated questionnaires at baseline, postintervention, and 1-year follow-up. Analysis: Group, time, and interaction effects analyzed with mixed models. Results: Significant group by time interactions were found for flexible restraint ( P = .0400), disinhibition ( P < .0001), susceptibility to hunger ( P < .0001), intuitive eating ( P < .0001), obsessive–compulsive eating ( P < .0001), body-esteem ( P < .0001), depression ( P = .0057), and self-esteem ( P < .0001), where women in the HAES group showed greater improvements than women in the comparison group at short and/or long term. Conclusion: The evaluation of this HAES intervention in a real-life context showed its effectiveness in improving eating-, weight-, and psychological-related variables among women struggling with weight and body image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Bégin
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Elise Carbonneau
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Lyne Mongeau
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Paquette
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mylène Turcotte
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Véronique Provencher
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, Canada
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20
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Rajkumar A, Liaghati A, Chan J, Lamothe G, Dent R, Doucet É, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Prud'homme D, Harper ME, Tesson F. ACSL5 genotype influence on fatty acid metabolism: a cellular, tissue, and whole-body study. Metabolism 2018; 83:271-279. [PMID: 29605434 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acyl-CoA Synthetase Long Chain 5 (ACSL5) gene's rs2419621 T/C polymorphism was associated with ACSL5 mRNA expression and response to lifestyle interventions. However, the mechanistic understanding of the increased response in T allele carriers is lacking. Study objectives were to investigate the effect of rs2419621 genotype and ACSL5 human protein isoforms on fatty acid oxidation and respiration. METHODS Human ACSL5 overexpression in C2C12 mouse myoblasts was conducted to measure 14C palmitic acid oxidation and protein isoform localization in vitro. 14C palmitic acid oxidation studies and Western blot analysis of ACSL5 proteins were carried out in rectus abdominis primary myotubes from 5 rs2419621 T allele carriers and 4 non-carriers. In addition, mitochondrial high-resolution respirometry was conducted on vastus lateralis muscle biopsies from 4 rs2419621 T allele carriers and 4 non-carriers. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to test the association between rs2419621 genotype and respiratory quotient related pre- and post-lifestyle intervention measurements in postmenopausal women with overweight or obesity. RESULTS In comparison to rs2419621 non-carriers, T allele carriers displayed higher levels of i) 683aa ACSL5 isoform, localized mainly in the mitochondria, playing a greater role in fatty acid oxidation in comparison to the 739aa protein isoform ii) in vitro CO2 production in rectus abdominis primary myotubes iii) in vivo fatty acid oxidation and lower carbohydrate oxidation post-intervention iv) ex vivo complex I and II tissue respiration in vastus lateralis muscle. CONCLUSIONS These results support the conclusion that rs2419621 T allele carriers, are more responsive to lifestyle interventions partly due to an increase in the short ACSL5 protein isoform, increasing cellular, tissue and whole-body fatty acid utilization. With the increasing effort to develop personalized medicine to combat obesity, our findings provide additional insight into genotypes that can significantly affect whole body metabolism and response to lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abishankari Rajkumar
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Awa Liaghati
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Jessica Chan
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Gilles Lamothe
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Robert Dent
- The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada.
| | - Éric Doucet
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1S 5L5, Canada.
| | - Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret
- Département de Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada; Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada.
| | - Denis Prud'homme
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1S 5L5, Canada; Institut de Recherche de l'Hôpital Montfort, Hôpital Montfort, Ottawa, ON K1K 0T1, Canada.
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Frédérique Tesson
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Zeigler ZS, Birchfield N, Moreno K, James D, Swan P. Fatness and Fluctuating Body Weight: Effect on Central Vasculature. Biores Open Access 2018; 7:90-100. [PMID: 29892497 PMCID: PMC5994146 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2017.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Weight Cycling (WC) is a prevalent behavior associated with adverse cardiovascular (CV) health. However, a 2010 review on the effects of WC and blood pressure (BP) determined that there was not enough evidence to draw definitive conclusions. Central BP is the principal predictor of CV risk compared to peripheral BP. The influence that WC may have specifically on central BP is unknown. Cross-sectional observation of self-reported history of WC on measures of CV health was undertaken. Seventy-five women completed a Weight and Lifestyle Inventory questionnaire, which is considered a reliable index of WC (r = 0.87, p < 0.001). Measures of visceral fat, BP, arterial stiffness, and VO2peak were taken. Regression equations were used to assess primary predictors of these outcomes. Seventy-five middle aged (39 ± 11 years), obese (32 ± 7 kg/m2), and relatively unfit (24 ± 8 ml·kg-1 min-1) women completed the study. Visceral fat was the strongest predictor of brachial systolic blood pressure (SBP; r2 = 0.283), brachial diastolic blood pressure (DBP; r2 = 0.176), central SBP (r2 = 0.375), and augmentation index (AIx; r2 = 0.535, all p < 0.001). VO2peak was the strongest predictor of central DBP (r2 = 0.062, p = 0.036) and augmentation pressure (AP; r2 = 0.491, p < 0.001). Weight cycling index was associated with visceral fat (r = 0.521, p < 0.001). Visceral fat was a mediator between WC and central SBP (confidence interval [CI] = 0.0053-0.0602), AP (CI = 0.0507-0.4915), AIx (CI = 0.0025-0.0699), and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CI = 0.0115-0.1227; all p < 0.05). WC may increase visceral fat accumulation, which was associated with increased central SBP and measures of arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S. Zeigler
- College of Science, Engineering, and Technology, Grand Canyon University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Natasha Birchfield
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Karen Moreno
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Darith James
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Pamela Swan
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
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Arent SM, Walker AJ, Pellegrino JK, Sanders DJ, McFadden BA, Ziegenfuss TN, Lopez HL. The Combined Effects of Exercise, Diet, and a Multi-Ingredient Dietary Supplement on Body Composition and Adipokine Changes in Overweight Adults. J Am Coll Nutr 2017; 37:111-120. [PMID: 29111889 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1368039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very few weight and fat loss supplements undergo finished-product research to examine efficacy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an 8-week diet and exercise program on body composition, hip and waist girth, and adipokines and evaluate whether a dietary supplement containing raspberry ketone, capsaicin, caffeine, garlic, and Citrus aurantium enhanced outcomes. METHODS Overweight men and women completed this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Participants consumed 4 capsules/d of supplement (EXP; n = 18) or placebo (PLA; n = 18). Participants underwent 8 weeks of daily supplementation, calorie restriction (500 kcal < RMR [resting metabolic rate] × 1.2), and supervised progressive exercise training 3 times a week. Body composition, girth, and adipokines were assessed at baseline and postintervention (T1 and T2). RESULTS Significant decreases in weight (-2.6 ± 0.57 kg, p < 0.001), fat mass (-1.8 ± 0.20 kg; p < 0.001), and percentage body fat (-3.7% ± 0.29%, p < 0.001) and a significant increase in lean body mass (LBM; 1.5 ± 0.26 kg; p < 0.001) were seen from T1 to T2 in both groups. For men, only those in the EXP group increased LBM from T1 to T2 (1.3 ± 0.38 kg; p < 0.05). Hip girth was also reduced, with the women in the EXP group (-10.7 ± 2.15 cm, p < 0.001) having a greater reduction. There was a time by group interaction, with significant decreases in leptin (p < 0.001) and significant increases in adiponectin (p < 0.05) in the EXP group. CONCLUSIONS Significant improvements in adipokines and leptin support the utility of exercise, diet, and fat loss for impacting inflammatory biomarkers. The improvement in adiponectin with EXP may suggest a unique health mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M Arent
- a Center for Health and Human Performance, Rutgers University , New Brunswick , New Jersey , USA
| | - Alan J Walker
- a Center for Health and Human Performance, Rutgers University , New Brunswick , New Jersey , USA
| | - Joseph K Pellegrino
- a Center for Health and Human Performance, Rutgers University , New Brunswick , New Jersey , USA
| | - David J Sanders
- a Center for Health and Human Performance, Rutgers University , New Brunswick , New Jersey , USA
| | - Bridget A McFadden
- a Center for Health and Human Performance, Rutgers University , New Brunswick , New Jersey , USA
| | | | - Hector L Lopez
- b The Center for Applied Health Sciences , Stow , Ohio , USA
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Palm IF, Schram RGAE, Swarts HJM, van Schothorst EM, Keijer J. Body Weight Cycling with Identical Diet Composition Does Not Affect Energy Balance and Has No Adverse Effect on Metabolic Health Parameters. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101149. [PMID: 29053583 PMCID: PMC5691765 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Body weight (BW) cycling, the yo-yo effect, is generally thought to have adverse effects on human metabolic health. However, human and animal experiments are limited in number and do not provide clear answers, partly due to large variations in experimental design, parameters measured, and definitions of BW cycling. Here, we examined the effect of repetitive BW cycling versus single- and non-cycling control groups, without alterations in diet composition, on steady state BW and metabolic parameters. Methods: We induced well-defined BW cycles on a semi-purified high fat diet in C57BL/6J mice, a well-described animal model for diet-induced obesity, and measured energy expenditure and relevant metabolic parameters. Results: Our setup indeed resulted in the intended BW changes and always reached a stage of energy balance. A history of weight cycling did not result in increased BW or fat mass compared with the control group, nor in deteriorated serum concentrations of glucose, adipokines and serum triglyceride and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations. If anything, BW tended to be reduced, presumably because of a reduced overall energy intake in BW cycling animals. Conclusion: Repeated cycling in BW without changes in diet composition does not lead to impaired metabolic health nor increased BW (gain).
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge F Palm
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Rianne G A E Schram
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Hans J M Swarts
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Evert M van Schothorst
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Sawamoto R, Nozaki T, Nishihara T, Furukawa T, Hata T, Komaki G, Sudo N. Predictors of successful long-term weight loss maintenance: a two-year follow-up. Biopsychosoc Med 2017; 11:14. [PMID: 28592990 PMCID: PMC5460352 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-017-0099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight regain is a common problem following weight loss intervention, with most people who seek treatment for obesity able to lose weight, but few able to sustain the changes in behavior required to prevent subsequent weight regain. The identification of factors that predict which patients will successfully maintain weight loss or who are at risk of weight regain after weight loss intervention is necessary to improve the current weight maintenance strategies. The aim of the present study is identify factors associated with successful weight loss maintenance by women with overweight or obesity who completed group cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) for weight loss. METHODS Ninety women with overweight or obesity completed a 7-month weight loss intervention. The data of 86 who completed follow-up surveys 12 and 24 months after the end of the treatment was analyzed. Depression, anxiety, binge eating, food addiction, and eating behaviors were assessed before and after the weight loss intervention. Participants who lost at least 10% of their initial weight during the weight loss intervention and had maintained the loss at the month 24 follow-up were defined as successful. RESULTS The intervention was successful for 27 participants (31.3%) and unsuccessful for 59 (68.6%). Multiple logistic regression analysis extracted larger weight reduction during the weight loss intervention, a lower disinhibition score, and a low food addiction score at the end of the weight loss intervention as associated with successful weight loss maintenance. CONCLUSION The results suggest that larger weight reduction during the weight loss intervention and lower levels of disinhibition and food addiction at the end of the weight loss intervention predicted successful weight loss maintenance. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial registry name: Development and validation of effective treatments of weight loss and weight-loss maintenance using cognitive behavioral therapy for obese patients. Registration ID: UMIN000006803 Registered 1 January 2012. URL: https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000008052.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Sawamoto
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Takehiro Nozaki
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Tomoe Nishihara
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Tomokazu Furukawa
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Tomokazu Hata
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Gen Komaki
- School of Health Sciences, Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Okawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Sudo
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
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Mackie GM, Samocha-Bonet D, Tam CS. Does weight cycling promote obesity and metabolic risk factors? Obes Res Clin Pract 2017; 11:131-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2016.10.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Elisha B, Disse E, Chabot K, Taleb N, Prud'homme D, Bernard S, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Bastard JP. Relative contribution of muscle and liver insulin resistance to dysglycemia in postmenopausal overweight and obese women: A MONET group study. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2016; 78:1-8. [PMID: 27931981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relative contribution of muscle and liver insulin resistance (IR) in the development of dysglycemia and metabolic abnormalities is difficult to establish. The present study aimed to investigate the relative contribution of muscle IR vs. liver IR to dysglycemia in non-diabetic overweight or obese postmenopausal women and to determine differences in body composition and cardiometabolic indicators associated with hepatic or muscle IR. MATERIAL AND METHODS Secondary analysis of 156 non-diabetic overweight or obese postmenopausal women. Glucose tolerance was measured using an oral glucose tolerance test. Whole-body insulin sensitivity (IS) was determined as glucose disposal rate during a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. Muscle and liver IR have been calculated using Abdul-Ghani et al. OGTT-derived formulas. Participant's body compositions as well as cardiometabolic risk indicators were also determined. RESULTS Overall, 57 (36.5%) of patients had dysglycemia, among them 25 (16.0%); 21 (13.5%); 11 (7.1%) had impaired fasting glycemia, impaired glucose tolerance and combined glucose intolerance respectively. Fifty-three (34.0%) participants were classified as combined IS while on the opposite 51 participants (32.7%) were classified as combined IR and 26 (16.7%) participants had either muscle IR or liver IR. For similar body mass index and total fat mass, participants with liver IR were more likely to have lower whole-body IS, dysglycemia and higher visceral fat, liver fat index, triglycerides and alanine aminotransferase than participants with muscle IR. CONCLUSION In the present study, the presence of liver IR is associated with a higher prevalence of dysglycemia, ectopic fat accumulation and metabolic abnormalities than muscle IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Elisha
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Disse
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Rhône Alpes, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Katherine Chabot
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nadine Taleb
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Prud'homme
- Institut de Recherche de l'Hôpital Montfort, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sophie Bernard
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Bastard
- Service de Biochimie et Hormonologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, UF Biomarqueurs Inflammatoires et Métaboliques, 75020 Paris, France; Inserm UMR_S938, ICAN, CDR Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France; UMR_S 938, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, 75005 Paris, France.
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Cheikh Rouhou M, Karelis A, St-Pierre D, Lamontagne L. Adverse effects of weight loss: Are persistent organic pollutants a potential culprit? DIABETES & METABOLISM 2016; 42:215-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Reprint of: Ruth E. Brown, Arya M. Sharma, Chris I. Ardern, Pedi Mirdamadi, Paul Mirdamadi and Jennifer L. Kuk. "Secular differences in the association between caloric intake, macronutrient intake, and physical activity with obesity." [Obesity Research & Clinical Practice (2015)]. Obes Res Clin Pract 2016; 10:359-60. [PMID: 27378672 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Brown RE, Sharma AM, Ardern CI, Mirdamadi P, Mirdamadi P, Kuk JL. Secular differences in the association between caloric intake, macronutrient intake, and physical activity with obesity. Obes Res Clin Pract 2016; 10:243-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Komaroff M. Weight Fluctuation and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study. J Obes 2016; 2016:7168734. [PMID: 26953120 PMCID: PMC4756199 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7168734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate if weight fluctuation is an independent risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer (PBC) among women who gained weight in adult years. METHODS NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study (NHEFS) database was used in the study. Women that were cancers-free at enrollment and diagnosed for the first time with breast cancer at age 50 or greater were considered cases. Controls were chosen from the subset of cancers-free women and matched to cases by years of follow-up and status of body mass index (BMI) at 25 years of age. Weight fluctuation was measured by the root-mean-square-error (RMSE) from a simple linear regression model for each woman with their body mass index (BMI) regressed on age (started at 25 years) while women with the positive slope from this regression were defined as weight gainers. Data were analyzed using conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS A total of 158 women were included into the study. The conditional logistic regression adjusted for weight gain demonstrated positive association between weight fluctuation in adult years and postmenopausal breast cancers (odds ratio/OR = 1.67; 95% confidence interval/CI: 1.06-2.66). CONCLUSIONS The data suggested that long-term weight fluctuation was significant risk factor for PBC among women who gained weight in adult years. This finding underscores the importance of maintaining lost weight and avoiding weight fluctuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Komaroff
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
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Ruth E. Brown, Arya M. Sharma, Chris I. Ardern, Pedi Mirdamadi, Paul Mirdamadi and Jennifer L. Kuk. “Secular differences in the association between caloric intake, macronutrient intake, and physical activity with obesity.” [Obesity Research & Clinical Practice (2015)]. Obes Res Clin Pract 2016; 10:102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Weber MB, Ranjani H, Anjana RM, Mohan V, Narayan KMV, Gazmararian JA. Behavioral and psychosocial correlates of adiposity and healthy lifestyle in Asian Indians. Prim Care Diabetes 2015; 9:418-425. [PMID: 25733342 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Adiposity is an important diabetes risk factor, and Asian Indians have elevated diabetes risk. This analysis assessed the relationship between behavioral and psychosocial factors and adiposity among Asian Indians to better understand factors driving elevated weight/waist circumference in this population. METHODS This study used screening data (N=1285) from the D-CLIP study, a randomized controlled diabetes prevention trial in Chennai, India. Correlation tests and linear regression models were done to describe relationships among exposure variables (weight loss/exercise self-efficacy, fruit/vegetable intake, weekly exercise, past weight loss experience) and between these exposures and BMI or waist circumference. RESULTS Exercise and weight loss self-efficacy were positively correlated with average minutes per week exercising (R=0.26, p<0.0001) and fruit (R=0.07, p<0.05) and vegetable intake (R=0.12, p<0.0001). Weekly fruit consumption, past weight loss experience, and weight loss self-efficacy, along with sex, age, and marital status, explained 13.6% and 25.9% in the variation in BMI and waist circumference, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Low fruit consumption, unsuccessful past weight loss attempts, and low self-efficacy for weight loss are associated with higher BMI and waist circumference in this population. Understanding factors related to adiposity is important for preventing and treating weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Weber
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Harish Ranjani
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, 6B Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600 086, India.
| | - Ranjit Mohan Anjana
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, 6B Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600 086, India.
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, 6B Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600 086, India.
| | - K M Venkat Narayan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Julie A Gazmararian
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Temperamental factors in severe weight cycling. A cross-sectional study. Appetite 2015; 91:336-42. [PMID: 25931432 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Weight cycling is a prevalent phenomenon in obese individuals. There is evidence that temperamental factors are associated with obesity and subgroups among the obese have been identified based on reactive and regulative aspects of temperament. METHODS We aimed at investigating the association between reactive and regulative aspects of temperament and severe weight cycling in overweight and obese individuals of a representative German population sample (n = 923). Participants completed questionnaires assessing weight parameters including BMI and weight cycling, sensitivity to punishment and to reward (BIS/BAS scales), self-regulatory abilities (effortful control scale), depressive symptoms, and binge eating. RESULTS Severe weight cycling was more common in women, and was associated with higher reward sensitivity, higher current and maximum-ever BMI, higher weight suppression, more depressive symptoms, and a higher prevalence of binge eating. In contrast, sensitivity to punishment and effortful control were not associated with severe weight cycling. Also, the interaction between sensitivity to reward and effortful control did not predict weight cycling. DISCUSSION Higher reward sensitivity might not only render individuals vulnerable for weight regain but might also be associated with a higher frequency of weight loss attempts due to the putative rewarding properties of the initial success in weight loss at the early stages of a diet. Temperamental factors should be considered in the treatment of obesity.
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Brown RE, Kuk JL. Consequences of obesity and weight loss: a devil's advocate position. Obes Rev 2015; 16:77-87. [PMID: 25410935 PMCID: PMC4312481 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with multiple negative health consequences and current weight management guidelines recommend all obese persons to lose weight. However, recent evidence suggests that not all obese persons are negatively affected by their weight and that weight loss does not necessarily always improve health. The purpose of this review is not to trivialize the significant health risks associated with obesity, but to discuss subpopulations of obese people who are not adversely affected, or may even benefit from higher adiposity, and in who weight loss per se may not always be the most appropriate recommendation. More specifically, this review will take a devil's advocate position when discussing the consequences of obesity and weight loss for adults with established cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, weight cyclers, metabolically healthy obese adults, youth, older adults and obese individuals who are highly fit.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Brown
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Mehta T, Smith DL, Muhammad J, Casazza K. Impact of weight cycling on risk of morbidity and mortality. Obes Rev 2014; 15:870-81. [PMID: 25263568 PMCID: PMC4205264 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Unintentional weight gain is commonly observed in adult humans, often provoking intentional weight loss attempts followed by unintentional weight regain. This episodic variation in body weight over a period of time has been referred to as 'weight cycling'. Over the last two decades, weight cycling has been associated with a number of morbid health conditions and increased mortality. This article provides a comprehensive evaluation of recent weight-cycling evidence, looks to understand design differences between studies and study outcomes, assesses the need for further research on particular health outcomes, and proposes alternative methodologies that will bridge the needs and capabilities of research. Searches were conducted per PRISMA guidelines. Articles on weight cycling in the literature were initially identified using search strings in PubMed. Eligibility assessment of the remaining articles was performed independently by three reviewers to identify publications that presented direct evidence. Twenty human studies (in addition to seven animal studies) were selected and retained; 12 accounted for the intentionality of weight loss. Although weight regain following successful weight loss remains one of the most challenging aspects of body-weight regulation, evidence for an adverse effect of weight cycling appears sparse, if it exists at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mehta
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Bosy-Westphal A, Müller MJ. Measuring the impact of weight cycling on body composition: a methodological challenge. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2014; 17:396-400. [PMID: 25010545 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The impact of weight cycling on body composition and metabolic risk remains controversial. Very few studies, however, meet the methodological requirements to analyze and normalize changes in body composition with weight loss and regain. RECENT FINDINGS Methodological drawbacks that limit the interpretation of results are as follows:first, a small and only partial weight regain, second, the choice of an obese study population who experiences only small changes in fat-free mass, third, a lack of adjustment for the age-related decline in fat-free mass when examining elderly people and fourth, a lack of validity and precision of the body composition method that are important in a nonstable condition of weight loss and for measuring small changes in body composition. Normalization of changes in fat and lean mass for baseline body composition and measurement of fat and lean tissue distribution lead to further insights into the etiology and consequences of weight cycling. SUMMARY Current evidence does not support an adverse effect of weight cycling on body composition. By contrast, severe weight loss in normal-weight people that comprises a large loss of lean mass may shift the partitioning toward a transient higher regain in total and abdominal fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Bosy-Westphal
- aInstitute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart bInstitute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Keil, Germany
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Dankel SN, Degerud EM, Borkowski K, Fjære E, Midtbø LK, Haugen C, Solsvik MH, Lavigne AM, Liaset B, Sagen JV, Kristiansen K, Mellgren G, Madsen L. Weight cycling promotes fat gain and altered clock gene expression in adipose tissue in C57BL/6J mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E210-24. [PMID: 24302006 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00188.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Repeated attempts to lose weight by temporary dieting may result in weight cycling, eventually further gain of body fat, and possible metabolic adaptation. We tested this with a controlled experiment in C57BL/6J mice subjected to four weight cycles (WC), continuous hypercaloric feeding (HF), or low-fat feeding (LF). To search for genes involved in an adaptive mechanism to former weight cycling and avoid acute effects of the last cycle, the last hypercaloric feeding period was prolonged by an additional 2 wk before euthanization. Total energy intake was identical in WC and HF. However, compared with HF, the WC mice gained significantly more total body mass and fat mass and showed increased levels of circulating leptin and lipids in liver. Both the HF and WC groups showed increased adipocyte size and insulin resistance. Despite these effects, we also observed an interesting maintenance of circulating adiponectin and free fatty acid levels after WC, whereas changes in these parameters were observed in HF mice. Global gene expression was analyzed by microarrays. Weight-cycled mice were characterized by a downregulation of several clock genes (Dbp, Tef, Per1, Per2, Per3, and Nr1d2) in adipose tissues, which was confirmed by quantitative PCR. In 3T3-L1 cells, we found reduced expression of Dbp and Tef early in adipogenic differentiation, which was mediated via cAMP-dependent signaling. Our data suggest that clock genes in adipose tissue may play a role in metabolic adaptation to weight cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Dankel
- Department of Clinical Science, K. G. Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Gravel K, Deslauriers A, Watiez M, Dumont M, Dufour Bouchard AA, Provencher V. Sensory-Based Nutrition Pilot Intervention for Women. J Acad Nutr Diet 2014; 114:99-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.06.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Marquet LA, Brown M, Tafflet M, Nassif H, Mouraby R, Bourhaleb S, Toussaint JF, Desgorces FD. No effect of weight cycling on the post-career BMI of weight class elite athletes. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:510. [PMID: 23711106 PMCID: PMC3724479 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Repetitions of pre-competition weight-loss diets done by athletes participating in weight class sports can be regarded as periods of weight cycling. The aim of the present study is to identify the long term post-career (22 years) evolutionary profile of athletes’ BMI after such weight cycling. Methods One hundred and thirty-six retired French athletes who participated in major international competitions in weight class sports (rowers, wrestlers, boxers, and judokas) were included. Former and current body mass, height, dietary characteristics during the career (annual frequency, amount of weight lost), current physical activity, and answers on the eating-attitude test were collected by phone interview (consistency was tested by comparison with measured weight). We performed ANOVA tests for comparison between groups (sport, dieting), post-hoc tests (Bonferroni test) to identify differences within groups. BMI’s changes were treated using a mixed model. Results The recorded weight changes did not depend upon time since retirement. Between 18 y and 50 y, athletes’ BMI increased by 3.2 kg/m2 compared to the 4.2 kg/m2 increase in the general population. This increase was independent of the number of diets during the career. Retired athletes declared a mean weekly physical activity of 4.8 h ± 4.3. The eating-attitude test showed low scores for all sports without any correlation to diet characteristics. Conclusion Weight cycling during an athletic career does not induce a massive weight gain after retirement, probably due to the high level of physical activity still practiced after retirement by these athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie-anne Marquet
- Institut de Recherche bioMédicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport (IRMES), INSEP, 11, avenue du Tremblay, 75012, Paris, France.
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Role of protein and amino acids in promoting lean mass accretion with resistance exercise and attenuating lean mass loss during energy deficit in humans. Amino Acids 2013; 45:231-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1506-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Lopez HL, Ziegenfuss TN, Hofheins JE, Habowski SM, Arent SM, Weir JP, Ferrando AA. Eight weeks of supplementation with a multi-ingredient weight loss product enhances body composition, reduces hip and waist girth, and increases energy levels in overweight men and women. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2013; 10:22. [PMID: 23601452 PMCID: PMC3639826 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-10-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous natural products are marketed and sold claiming to decrease body weight and fat, but few undergo finished product-specific research demonstrating their safety and efficacy. OBJECTIVE To determine the safety and efficacy of a multi-ingredient supplement containing primarily raspberry ketone, caffeine, capsaicin, garlic, ginger and Citrus aurantium (Prograde Metabolism™ [METABO]) as an adjunct to an eight-week weight loss program. METHODS Using a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind design, 70 obese but otherwise healthy subjects were randomly assigned to METABO or a placebo and underwent 8 weeks of daily supplementation, a calorie restricted diet, and exercise training. Subjects were tested for changes in body composition, serum adipocytokines (adiponectin, resistin, leptin, TNF-α, IL-6) and markers of health including heart rate and blood pressure. RESULTS Of the 45 subjects who completed the study, significant differences were observed in: body weight (METABO -2.0% vs. placebo -0.5%, P < 0.01), fat mass (METABO -7.8 vs. placebo -2.8%, P < 0.001), lean mass (METABO +3.4% vs. placebo +0.8%, P < 0.03), waist girth (METABO -2.0% vs. placebo -0.2%, P < 0.0007), hip girth (METABO -1.7% vs. placebo -0.4%, P < 0.003), and energy levels per anchored visual analogue scale (VAS) (METABO +29.3% vs. placebo +5.1%, P < 0.04). During the first 4 weeks, effects/trends for maintaining elevated serum leptin (P < 0.03) and decreased serum resistin (P < 0.08) in the METABO group vs. placebo were also observed. No changes in systemic hemodynamics, clinical blood chemistries, adverse events, or dietary intake were noted between groups. CONCLUSIONS METABO administration is a safe and effective adjunct to an eight-week diet and exercise weight loss program by augmenting improvements in body composition, waist and hip girth. Adherence to the eight-week weight loss program also led to beneficial changes in body fat in placebo. Ongoing studies to confirm these results and clarify the mechanisms (i.e., biochemical and neuroendocrine mediators) by which METABO exerts the observed salutary effects are being conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector L Lopez
- The Center for Applied Health Sciences, 4302 Allen Road, STE 120, Stow, OH, 44224, USA.
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Mason C, Foster-Schubert KE, Imayama I, Xiao L, Kong A, Campbell KL, Duggan CR, Wang CY, Alfano CM, Ulrich CM, Blackburn GL, McTiernan A. History of weight cycling does not impede future weight loss or metabolic improvements in postmenopausal women. Metabolism 2013; 62:127-36. [PMID: 22898251 PMCID: PMC3514598 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Given that the repetitive loss and regain of body weight, termed weight cycling, is a prevalent phenomenon that has been associated with negative physiological and psychological outcomes, the purpose of this study was to investigate weight change and physiological outcomes in women with a lifetime history of weight cycling enrolled in a 12-month diet and/or exercise intervention. METHODS 439 overweight, inactive, postmenopausal women were randomized to: i) dietary weight loss with a 10% weight loss goal (N=118); ii) moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise for 45 min/day, 5 days/week (n=117); ii) both dietary weight loss and exercise (n=117); or iv) control (n=87). Women were categorized as non-, moderate- (≥3 losses of ≥4.5 kg), or severe-cyclers (≥3 losses of ≥9.1 kg). Trend tests and linear regression were used to compare adherence and changes in weight, body composition, blood pressure, insulin, C-peptide, glucose, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), C-reactive protein, leptin, adiponectin, and interleukin-6 between cyclers and non-cyclers. RESULTS Moderate (n=103) and severe (n=77) cyclers were heavier and had less favorable metabolic profiles than non-cyclers at baseline. There were, however, no significant differences in adherence to the lifestyle interventions. Weight-cyclers (combined) had a greater improvement in HOMA-IR compared to non-cyclers participating in the exercise only intervention (P=.03), but no differences were apparent in the other groups. CONCLUSION A history of weight cycling does not impede successful participation in lifestyle interventions or alter the benefits of diet and/or exercise on body composition and metabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liren Xiao
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | | | - Ching-Yun Wang
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Cornelia M. Ulrich
- German Cancer Research Center & National Center for Tumour Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - George L. Blackburn
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Division of Nutrition, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Anne McTiernan
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Panarotto D, Bosi GR, Neumann M, de Braga GL, Hickmann S, Marcki CR. Reliability and internal consistency of questionnaire for evaluating weight cycling in Southern Brazil. J Clin Nurs 2012; 23:385-93. [PMID: 23170803 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To determine the reliability and internal consistency of a questionnaire that was designed to assess weight cycling. BACKGROUND A large part of the obese population attempt to lose weight. Of those who had lost at least 10% of their initial weight, 33·5% regained weight. This weight loss and regain is termed 'weight cycling'. So far, no available validated instruments exist that are capable of identifying these patients. DESIGN A quantitative study for the validation of a questionnaire. METHODS The selected patients received a phone call from the researchers. On that occasion, they answered a questionnaire that contained eight questions about their current weight, their weight at 18 years of age and their history of weight cycling over the past two years. Approximately 20 days after the first phone call, the patients were re-contacted and asked to respond again to the proposed questionnaire. The internal consistency and reliability were examined through a kappa index and a chi-squared test. The questions that showed evidence of reliability and consistency composed the final questionnaire. RESULTS The final questionnaire consisted of six questions. An analysis of the test-retest kappa coefficient was moderate or greater for four of the six objective questions. One of the two quantitative questions showed a strong correlation for the test/retest reliability, and the other showed a strong correlation with the gold standard. An analysis of the internal consistency between a composition of questions 5 and 6 with question 4 showed moderate agreement, which increased when it was adjusted for the same cut-off point. The agreement between patients classified as 'weight cyclers' was higher than 80% in both tests. CONCLUSIONS The Questionnaire to Assess Weight Cycling provided evidence of reliability and internal consistency. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Evaluating weight cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Panarotto
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
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Buchowski MS, Hongu N, Acra S, Wang L, Warolin J, Roberts LJ. Effect of modest caloric restriction on oxidative stress in women, a randomized trial. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47079. [PMID: 23071718 PMCID: PMC3465282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives It is not established to what extent caloric intake must be reduced to lower oxidative stress in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of short-term, moderate caloric restriction on markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in overweight and obese premenopausal women. Materials/Methods Randomized trial comparison of 25% caloric restriction (CR) or control diet in 40 overweight or obese women (body mass index 32±5.8 kg/m2) observed for 28 days and followed for the next 90 days. Weight, anthropometry, validated markers of oxidative stress (F2-isoprostane) and inflammation (C-reactive protein), adipokines, hormones, lipids, interleukins, and blood pressure were assessed at baseline, during the intervention, and at follow-up. Results Baseline median F2-isoprostane concentration (57.0, IQR = 40.5–79.5) in the CR group was 1.75-fold above average range for normal weight women (32.5 pg/ml). After starting of the caloric restriction diet, F2-isoprostane levels fell rapidly in the CR group, reaching statistical difference from the control group by day 5 (median 33.5, IQR = 26.0–48.0, P<0.001) and remained suppressed while continuing on the caloric restriction diet. Three months after resuming a habitual diet, concentrations of F2-isoprostane returned to baseline elevated levels in ∼80% of the women. Conclusions Oxidative stress can be rapidly reduced and sustained through a modest reduction in caloric intake suggesting potential health benefits in overweight and obese women. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00808275
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej S Buchowski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
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Cameron JD, Riou MÈ, Tesson F, Goldfield GS, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Brochu M, Doucet É. The TaqIA RFLP is associated with attenuated intervention-induced body weight loss and increased carbohydrate intake in post-menopausal obese women. Appetite 2012; 60:111-116. [PMID: 23032305 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polymorphisms of the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) gene have been associated with obesity phenotypes. Our aim was to examine if the genotype of TaqIA Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFPL) was related to an attenuated weight loss response or to changes in energy expenditure (EE) and food preference before and after weight loss. methods: Obese post-menopausal women (age=57.1 ± 4.6 yr, weight=85.4 ± 15.4 kg and BMI=32.8 ± 4.5 kg/m(2)) were genotyped for TaqIA (n=127) by using PCR-RFLP analysis and categorized as possessing at least one copy of the A1 allele (A1(+)) or no copy (A1(-)). Women were randomized into two groups, caloric restriction (CR) and caloric restriction+resistance training (CRRT) and in this study were further classified as follows: A1(+)CR, A1(+)CRRT, A1-(-)CR and (-)A1(-)CRRT. Body composition, total daily EE, physical activity EE, Resting EE (REE), and energy intake were obtained at baseline and post-intervention using DXA, doubly-labeled water, indirect calorimetry, and 3-day dietary records, respectively. RESULTS Overall, all of the anthropometric variables and REE significantly decreased post-intervention (p<0.001). Women in the CRRT group lost significantly more fat mass (FM) than the CR women (p<0.05). There were significant time by group by allele interactions for attenuated body weight (BW), BMI, and FM loss for A1(+) (vs. A1(-)) in CRRT (p<0.05) and for increased % carbohydrate intake (p<0.01). CONCLUSION TaqIA genotype was associated with body weight loss post-intervention; more specifically, carriers of the A1 allele lost significantly less BW and FM than the A1(-) and had increased carbohydrate intake in the CRRT group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie-Ève Riou
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Frédérique Tesson
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary S Goldfield
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5; Children's Hospital of Eastern Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Montreal Institute for Clinical Research (IRCM), Montréal, Canada; Montreal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC) of Centre de Recherche du centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Martin Brochu
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Research Centre on Aging, Social Services and Health Centre, University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Éric Doucet
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5.
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Barbosa-da-Silva S, Fraulob-Aquino JC, Lopes JR, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA, Aguila MB. Weight cycling enhances adipose tissue inflammatory responses in male mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39837. [PMID: 22848362 PMCID: PMC3405086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation attributed to dysregulated production, release of cytokines and adipokines and to dysregulated glucose-insulin homeostasis and dyslipidemia. Nutritional interventions such as dieting are often accompanied by repeated bouts of weight loss and regain, a phenomenon known as weight cycling (WC). Methods In this work we studied the effects of WC on the feed efficiency, blood lipids, carbohydrate metabolism, adiposity and inflammatory markers in C57BL/6 male mice that WC two or three consecutive times by alternation of a high-fat (HF) diet with standard chow (SC). Results The body mass (BM) grew up in each cycle of HF feeding, and decreased after each cycle of SC feeding. The alterations observed in the animals feeding HF diet in the oral glucose tolerance test, in blood lipids, and in serum and adipose tissue expression of adipokines were not recuperated after WC. Moreover, the longer the HF feeding was (two, four and six months), more severe the adiposity was. After three consecutive WC, less marked was the BM reduction during SC feeding, while more severe was the BM increase during HF feeding. Conclusion In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that both the HF diet and WC are relevant to BM evolution and fat pad remodeling in mice, with repercussion in blood lipids, homeostasis of glucose-insulin and adipokine levels. The simple reduction of the BM during a WC is not able to recover the high levels of adipokines in the serum and adipose tissue as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokines enhanced during a cycle of HF diet. These findings are significant because a milieu with altered adipokines in association with WC potentially aggravates the chronic inflammation attributed to dysregulated production and release of adipokines in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Barbosa-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Synergistic associations of physical activity and diet quality on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese postmenopausal women. Br J Nutr 2012; 109:605-14. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512001699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Healthy diet and physical activity are associated with a lower cardiometabolic risk (CMR). Little is known about whether they interact to improve CMR. The purpose of the present study was to determine the synergistic associations of diet quality and physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) on CMR factors. The present study was ana posteriorianalysis of two cross-sectional studies on 124 inactive non-diabetic postmenopausal women with a BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2. The following factors were measured: diet quality (assessed by the Canadian Healthy Eating Index (C-HEI) from a 3 d food record); PAEE (doubly labelled water); body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, computed tomography scan); lipoprotein profile (total, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C), non-HDL-C, total cholesterol:HDL-C, TAG, apoA1, apoB, apoA1:apoB and LDL-C:apoB); insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp); inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), haptoglobin, orosomucoid, IL-6 and leucocyte count). The association of the interaction PAEE × C-HEI and CMR factors was evaluated by hierarchical regressions. Fat mass-adjusted ANCOVA determined the interaction between PAEE and the C-HEI. In hierarchical regressions, the interaction PAEE × C-HEI was a correlate of more favourable values of HDL-C, apoB, apoA1:apoB and LDL-C:apoB ratios, and hs-CRP, while only PAEE was a negative correlate of haptoglobin. Compared with those in the low-PAEE/low-C-HEI group, women in the high-PAEE/high-C-HEI group had 10 % higher HDL-C, 13 % lower apoB, 11 % larger LDL particles and 28 % lower hs-CRP concentrations (P< 0·05). PAEE and the C-HEI have a synergistic association with the CMR profile. These results support the integration of both diet quality and physical activity in the management of CMR.
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Stevens VL, Jacobs EJ, Sun J, Patel AV, McCullough ML, Teras LR, Gapstur SM. Weight cycling and mortality in a large prospective US study. Am J Epidemiol 2012; 175:785-92. [PMID: 22287640 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwr378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight cycling has been associated with an increased risk of death in some studies, but few studies differentiated weight cycling initiated by intentional weight loss from that initiated by illness. The association of weight cycling with death was examined among 55,983 men and 66,655 women in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort from 1992 to 2008. A weight cycle was defined as an intentional loss of 10 or more pounds (≥4.5 kg) followed by regain of that weight, and the lifetime number of weight cycles was reported on a questionnaire administered at enrollment in 1992. A total of 15,138 men and 10,087 women died during follow-up, which ended in 2008. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. When the models were adjusted for age only, weight cycling was positively associated with mortality (P for trend < 0.0001). However, after adjustment for body mass index and other risk factors, low numbers of weight cycles (1-4 cycles) were associated with slightly lower mortality rates (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.89, 0.97 in men and HR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.89, 0.98 in women), whereas high numbers of weight cycles (≥20 cycles) were not associated with mortality (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.89, 1.19 in men and HR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.88, 1.12 in women). These results do not support an increased risk of mortality associated with weight cycling.
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Weight cycling is associated with body weight excess and abdominal fat accumulation: A cross-sectional study. Clin Nutr 2011; 30:718-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Summer SS, Brehm BJ, Benoit SC, D'Alessio DA. Adiponectin changes in relation to the macronutrient composition of a weight-loss diet. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011; 19:2198-204. [PMID: 21455123 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2011.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipose-derived protein with beneficial metabolic effects. Low adiponectin is associated with obesity and related diseases. Significant weight loss increases adiponectin, reducing disease risk. This study compared the effects of two weight-loss diets with different macronutrient compositions on adiponectin. Eighty-one obese women in two cohorts were randomized to a low-fat (LF) or a low-carbohydrate (LC) diet. All subjects underwent equivalent weight-loss intervention, with weight and other measures assessed at baseline and after 6 (cohort I) or 4 (cohort II) months. Body fat was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Adiponectin was measured by radioimmunoassay. Diet intake was assessed using 24-h recalls and 3-day diet records. Data were analyzed via t-tests and repeated-measures factorial ANOVA using time, diet, and replicate (cohort I vs. cohort II) as factors. Age, weight, body fat, BMI, adiponectin, and diet were similar at baseline. Following intervention, macronutrient composition of the diet was vastly different between the groups, reflecting the assigned diet. Both groups lost weight and body fat (P < 0.001), with effect in LC dieters greater than LF dieters (-9.1 kg vs. -4.97 kg weight, P < 0.05 and -5.45 kg vs. -2.62 kg fat, P < 0.001). Adiponectin increased in the LC (+1.92 mcg/ml, P < 0.01), but not the LF (+0.86 mcg/ml, P = 0.81), group. There was no correlation between weight loss and increase in adiponectin. These results confirm that diet-induced loss of weight and body fat is associated with increased adiponectin concentrations. This effect is evident with weight loss of 10% or more, and may be greater with LC diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne S Summer
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Clinical Translational Research Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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