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Kenaan A, Li K, Barth I, Johnson S, Song J, Krauss TF. Guided mode resonance sensor for the parallel detection of multiple protein biomarkers in human urine with high sensitivity. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 153:112047. [PMID: 31999559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The rising cost of global healthcare provision and new approaches to managing disease are driving the development of low-cost biosensing modalities, such as label-free photonic methods based on dielectric resonances. Here, we use the combined sensing and imaging capability of a guided mode resonance (GMR) sensor to detect multiple biomarkers (troponin, procalcitonin and C-Reactive Protein) in parallel in undiluted urine samples. A key requirement of such a biosensor is the simple and direct functionalization with suitable antibodies to ensure the disease-specific detection of protein biomarkers. Here, antibodies were immobilized using a succinimidyl-[(N-maleimidopropionamido)-hexaethyleneglycol] ester (SM(PEG)6) spacer. The polyethylene glycol (PEG) chemistry enables low detection limits of 10 pg mL-1 or better for all protein biomarkers, while minimizing non-specific binding compared to more commonly used strategies such as (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) or dextran. Our approach supports the vision of a simple yet highly sensitive diagnostic platform that could be used for pre-screening patients for a wide range of diseases at point-of-care, thereby relieving the pressure on overstretched healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Kenaan
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering.Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; Department of Physics, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Kezheng Li
- Department of Physics, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Isabel Barth
- Department of Physics, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Steven Johnson
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Jie Song
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering.Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Thomas F Krauss
- Department of Physics, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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2
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Fluorescent Aptamer Immobilization on Inverse Colloidal Crystals. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18124326. [PMID: 30544583 PMCID: PMC6308693 DOI: 10.3390/s18124326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we described a versatile two steps approach for the realization of silica inverse opals functionalized with DNA-aptamers labelled with Cy3 fluorophore. The co-assembly method was successfully employed for the realization of high quality inverse silica opal, whilst the inverse network was functionalized via epoxy chemistry. Morphological and optical assessment revealed the presence of large ordered domains with a transmission band gap depth of 32%, after the functionalization procedure. Finite Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) simulations confirmed the high optical quality of the inverse opal realized. Photoluminescence measurements evidenced the effective immobilization of DNA-aptamer molecules labelled with Cy3 throughout the entire sample thickness. This assumption was verified by the inhibition of the fluorescence of Cy3 fluorophore tailoring the position of the photonic band gap of the inverse opal. The modification of the fluorescence could be justified by a variation in the density of states (DOS) calculated by the Plane Wave Expansion (PWE) method. Finally, the development of the aforementioned approach could be seen as proof of the concept experiment, suggesting that this type of system may act as a suitable platform for the realization of fluorescence-based bio-sensors.
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Heylman KD, Knapper KA, Horak EH, Rea MT, Vanga SK, Goldsmith RH. Optical Microresonators for Sensing and Transduction: A Materials Perspective. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1700037. [PMID: 28627118 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Optical microresonators confine light to a particular microscale trajectory, are exquisitely sensitive to their microenvironment, and offer convenient readout of their optical properties. Taken together, this is an immensely attractive combination that makes optical microresonators highly effective as sensors and transducers. Meanwhile, advances in material science, fabrication techniques, and photonic sensing strategies endow optical microresonators with new functionalities, unique transduction mechanisms, and in some cases, unparalleled sensitivities. In this progress report, the operating principles of these sensors are reviewed, and different methods of signal transduction are evaluated. Examples are shown of how choice of materials must be suited to the analyte, and how innovations in fabrication and sensing are coupled together in a mutually reinforcing cycle. A tremendously broad range of capabilities of microresonator sensors is described, from electric and magnetic field sensing to mechanical sensing, from single-molecule detection to imaging and spectroscopy, from operation at high vacuum to in live cells. Emerging sensing capabilities are highlighted and put into context in the field. Future directions are imagined, where the diverse capabilities laid out are combined and advances in scalability and integration are implemented, leading to the creation of a sensor unparalleled in sensitivity and information content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Heylman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Kassandra A Knapper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Erik H Horak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Morgan T Rea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Sudheer K Vanga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Randall H Goldsmith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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Bates KE, Lu H. Optics-Integrated Microfluidic Platforms for Biomolecular Analyses. Biophys J 2017; 110:1684-1697. [PMID: 27119629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared with conventional optical methods, optics implemented on microfluidic chips provide small, and often much cheaper ways to interrogate biological systems from the level of single molecules up to small model organisms. The optical probing of single molecules has been used to investigate the mechanical properties of individual biological molecules; however, multiplexing of these measurements through microfluidics and nanofluidics confers many analytical advantages. Optics-integrated microfluidic systems can significantly simplify sample processing and allow a more user-friendly experience; alignments of on-chip optical components are predetermined during fabrication and many purely optical techniques are passively controlled. Furthermore, sample loss from complicated preparation and fluid transfer steps can be virtually eliminated, a particularly important attribute for biological molecules at very low concentrations. Excellent fluid handling and high surface area/volume ratios also contribute to faster detection times for low abundance molecules in small sample volumes. Although integration of optical systems with classical microfluidic analysis techniques has been limited, microfluidics offers a ready platform for interrogation of biophysical properties. By exploiting the ease with which fluids and particles can be precisely and dynamically controlled in microfluidic devices, optical sensors capable of unique imaging modes, single molecule manipulation, and detection of minute changes in concentration of an analyte are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Bates
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia; School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hang Lu
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia; School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.
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Emerging Cytokine Biosensors with Optical Detection Modalities and Nanomaterial-Enabled Signal Enhancement. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17020428. [PMID: 28241443 PMCID: PMC5335944 DOI: 10.3390/s17020428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein biomarkers, especially cytokines, play a pivotal role in the diagnosis and treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases. Therefore, a critical need for advanced cytokine sensors has been rapidly growing and will continue to expand to promote clinical testing, new biomarker development, and disease studies. In particular, sensors employing transduction principles of various optical modalities have emerged as the most common means of detection. In typical cytokine assays which are based on the binding affinities between the analytes of cytokines and their specific antibodies, optical schemes represent the most widely used mechanisms, with some serving as the gold standard against which all existing and new sensors are benchmarked. With recent advancements in nanoscience and nanotechnology, many of the recently emerging technologies for cytokine detection exploit various forms of nanomaterials for improved sensing capabilities. Nanomaterials have been demonstrated to exhibit exceptional optical properties unique to their reduced dimensionality. Novel sensing approaches based on the newly identified properties of nanomaterials have shown drastically improved performances in both the qualitative and quantitative analyses of cytokines. This article brings together the fundamentals in the literature that are central to different optical modalities developed for cytokine detection. Recent advancements in the applications of novel technologies are also discussed in terms of those that enable highly sensitive and multiplexed cytokine quantification spanning a wide dynamic range. For each highlighted optical technique, its current detection capabilities as well as associated challenges are discussed. Lastly, an outlook for nanomaterial-based cytokine sensors is provided from the perspective of optimizing the technologies for sensitivity and multiplexity as well as promoting widespread adaptations of the emerging optical techniques by lowering high thresholds currently present in the new approaches.
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Lifson MA, Miller BL. Photonic Crystals as Robust Label-Free Biosensors. PHOTONIC MATERIALS FOR SENSING, BIOSENSING AND DISPLAY DEVICES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-24990-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Zhuo Y, Cunningham BT. Label-Free Biosensor Imaging on Photonic Crystal Surfaces. SENSORS 2015; 15:21613-35. [PMID: 26343684 PMCID: PMC4610529 DOI: 10.3390/s150921613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We review the development and application of nanostructured photonic crystal surfaces and a hyperspectral reflectance imaging detection instrument which, when used together, represent a new form of optical microscopy that enables label-free, quantitative, and kinetic monitoring of biomaterial interaction with substrate surfaces. Photonic Crystal Enhanced Microscopy (PCEM) has been used to detect broad classes of materials which include dielectric nanoparticles, metal plasmonic nanoparticles, biomolecular layers, and live cells. Because PCEM does not require cytotoxic stains or photobleachable fluorescent dyes, it is especially useful for monitoring the long-term interactions of cells with extracellular matrix surfaces. PCEM is only sensitive to the attachment of cell components within ~200 nm of the photonic crystal surface, which may correspond to the region of most interest for adhesion processes that involve stem cell differentiation, chemotaxis, and metastasis. PCEM has also demonstrated sufficient sensitivity for sensing nanoparticle contrast agents that are roughly the same size as protein molecules, which may enable applications in "digital" diagnostics with single molecule sensing resolution. We will review PCEM's development history, operating principles, nanostructure design, and imaging modalities that enable tracking of optical scatterers, emitters, absorbers, and centers of dielectric permittivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhuo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61822, USA.
| | - Brian T Cunningham
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61822, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61822, USA.
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Triggs GJ, Fischer M, Stellinga D, Scullion MG, Evans GJO, Krauss TF. Spatial Resolution and Refractive Index Contrast of Resonant Photonic Crystal Surfaces for Biosensing. IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL 2015; 7:6801810. [PMID: 26356353 PMCID: PMC4561521 DOI: 10.1109/jphot.2015.2435699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
By depositing a resolution test pattern on top of a Si3N4 photonic crystal resonant surface, we have measured the dependence of spatial resolution on refractive index contrast Δn. Our experimental results and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations at different refractive index contrasts show that the spatial resolution of our device reduces with reduced contrast, which is an important consideration in biosensing, where the contrast may be of order 10-2. We also compare 1-D and 2-D gratings, taking into account different incidence polarizations, leading to a better understanding of the excitation and propagation of the resonant modes in these structures, as well as how this contributes to the spatial resolution. At Δn = 0.077, we observe resolutions of 2 and 6 μm parallel to and perpendicular to the grooves of a 1-D grating, respectively, and show that for polarized illumination of a 2-D grating, resolution remains asymmetrical. Illumination of a 2-D grating at 45° results in symmetric resolution. At very low index contrast, the resolution worsens dramatically, particularly for Δn < 0.01, where we observe a resolution exceeding 10 μm for our device. In addition, we measure a reduction in the resonance linewidth as the index contrast becomes lower, corresponding to a longer resonant mode propagation length in the structure and contributing to the change in spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. J. Triggs
- Department of Physics, University of York, York YO24 1UB, U.K
| | - M. Fischer
- Department of Physics, University of York, York YO24 1UB, U.K
| | - D. Stellinga
- Department of Physics, University of York, York YO24 1UB, U.K
| | - M. G. Scullion
- Department of Physics, University of York, York YO24 1UB, U.K
| | - G. J. O. Evans
- Department of Biology and Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, YO24 1UB, U.K
| | - T. F. Krauss
- Department of Physics, University of York, York YO24 1UB, U.K
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Spindel S, Sapsford KE. Evaluation of optical detection platforms for multiplexed detection of proteins and the need for point-of-care biosensors for clinical use. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 14:22313-41. [PMID: 25429414 PMCID: PMC4299016 DOI: 10.3390/s141222313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This review investigates optical sensor platforms for protein multiplexing, the ability to analyze multiple analytes simultaneously. Multiplexing is becoming increasingly important for clinical needs because disease and therapeutic response often involve the interplay between a variety of complex biological networks encompassing multiple, rather than single, proteins. Multiplexing is generally achieved through one of two routes, either through spatial separation on a surface (different wells or spots) or with the use of unique identifiers/labels (such as spectral separation-different colored dyes, or unique beads-size or color). The strengths and weaknesses of conventional platforms such as immunoassays and new platforms involving protein arrays and lab-on-a-chip technology, including commercially-available devices, are discussed. Three major public health concerns are identified whereby detecting medically-relevant markers using Point-of-Care (POC) multiplex assays could potentially allow for a more efficient diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Spindel
- Division of Biology, Chemistry, and Materials Science Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories; U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
| | - Kim E Sapsford
- Division of Biology, Chemistry, and Materials Science Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories; U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
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10
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Hue JJ, Lee HJ, Jon S, Nam SY, Yun YW, Kim JS, Lee BJ. Distribution and accumulation of Cy5.5-labeled thermally cross-linked superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in the tissues of ICR mice. J Vet Sci 2014; 14:473-9. [PMID: 24366671 PMCID: PMC3885742 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2013.14.4.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Free Cy5.5 dye and Cy5.5-labeled thermally cross-linked superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (TCL-SPION) have been routinely used for in vivo optical imaging. However, there is little information about the distribution and accumulation of free Cy5.5 dye and Cy5.5-labeled TCL-SPION in the tissues of mice. Free Cy5.5 dye (0.1 mg/kg body weight) and Cy5.5-labeled TCL-SPION (15 mg/kg body weight) were intravenously injected into the tail vein of ICR mice. The biodistribution and accumulation of the TCL-SPION and Cy5.5 were observed by ex vivo optical imaging and fluorescence signal generation at various time points over 28 days. Cy5.5 dye fluorescence in various organs was rapidly eliminated from 0.5 to 24 h post-injection. Fluorescence intensity of Cy5.5 dye in the liver, lung, kidney, and stomach was fairly strong at the early time points within 1 day post-injection. Cy5.5-labeled TCL-SPION had the highest fluorescence density in the lung at 0.5 h post-injection and decreased rapidly over time. Fluorescence density in liver and spleen was maintained over 28 days. These results suggest that TCL-SPION can be useful as a carrier of therapeutic reagents to treat diseases by persisting for long periods of time in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Joo Hue
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
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11
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Tokel O, Inci F, Demirci U. Advances in plasmonic technologies for point of care applications. Chem Rev 2014; 114:5728-52. [PMID: 24745365 PMCID: PMC4086846 DOI: 10.1021/cr4000623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Onur Tokel
- Demirci
Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical
School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Fatih Inci
- Demirci
Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical
School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Demirci
Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Canary Center at Stanford
for Cancer Early Detection, Palo
Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Demirci
Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical
School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Harvard-MIT
Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Demirci
Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Canary Center at Stanford
for Cancer Early Detection, Palo
Alto, California 94304, United States
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12
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Ohtera Y, Yamada H. Multichannel bandpass filters utilizing multilayer photonic crystal. OPTICS LETTERS 2013; 38:1235-1237. [PMID: 23595443 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.001235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate multichannel optical bandpass filters utilizing alternating dielectric multilayers stacked on a patterned substrate. A microstructured Si/SiO(2) multilayer was formed by rf biased magnetron sputtering process on a fused silica substrate with surface gratings. The bandwidths of each filter channel were measured to be 50~175 nm in the near infrared region. Control of center wavelength and bandwidth by the grating pitch was verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Ohtera
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579 Japan.
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13
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Boltovets PM, Polischuk OM, Kovalenko OG, Snopok BA. A simple SPR-based method for the quantification of the effect of potential virus inhibitors. Analyst 2013; 138:480-6. [PMID: 23162808 DOI: 10.1039/c2an35972c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe a highly sensitive method that allows for the correct quantification of inhibition effect with a higher degree of accuracy directly at the molecular level. The protocol involves two stages, namely serological virus titration in comparison with the same procedure for virus-effector mixture. Owing to the robustness of the analysis this assay can be performed on crude cellular and plant extracts, and therefore it may be suitable for the routine analysis of clinical samples, or in the field. The efficiency of the approach to the quantification of the inhibition effect of polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) on the infection efficiency of the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was investigated using advanced serological approaches based on label-free surface plasmon resonance technique. It was shown that GXM drastically decreases the efficiency of TMV infection by blocking up to 70% of the virus shell. The obtained results are in conformity with the method of indicator plant infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praskoviya M Boltovets
- V. Ye. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics NAS of Ukraine, Prospekt Nauki, 41, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine.
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Vollmer F, Yang L. Label-free detection with high-Q microcavities: a review of biosensing mechanisms for integrated devices. NANOPHOTONICS 2012; 1:267-291. [PMID: 26918228 PMCID: PMC4764104 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2012-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Optical microcavities that confine light in high-Q resonance promise all of the capabilities required for a successful next-generation microsystem biodetection technology. Label-free detection down to single molecules as well as operation in aqueous environments can be integrated cost-effectively on microchips, together with other photonic components, as well as electronic ones. We provide a comprehensive review of the sensing mechanisms utilized in this emerging field, their physics, engineering and material science aspects, and their application to nanoparticle analysis and biomolecular detection. We survey the most recent developments such as the use of mode splitting for self-referenced measurements, plasmonic nanoantennas for signal enhancements, the use of optical force for nanoparticle manipulation as well as the design of active devices for ultra-sensitive detection. Furthermore, we provide an outlook on the exciting capabilities of functionalized high-Q microcavities in the life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Vollmer
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Biosensing, G. Scharowsky Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lan Yang
- Electrical and Systems Engineering Department, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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15
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Pal S, Fauchet PM, Miller BL. 1-D and 2-D photonic crystals as optical methods for amplifying biomolecular recognition. Anal Chem 2012; 84:8900-8. [PMID: 22947038 PMCID: PMC3491098 DOI: 10.1021/ac3012945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Label-free sensing strategies are an intensely studied and increasingly used alternative to signal amplification via fluorescent labels and enzymatic methods. This article discusses one class of optical sensors, termed "photonic crystals", that effectively amplify binding events (such as analyte capture) via strong light-matter interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Pal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642
- Department of Mechanical, Materials, and Aerospace Engineering University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816
| | - Philippe M. Fauchet
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Benjamin L. Miller
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Luchansky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Ryan C. Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801
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