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Maye JE, Depp CA, Lee EE, Keller AV, Kim HC, Jeste DV, Twamley EW. Cognition and Functional Capacity: An Initial Comparison of Veteran and Non-Veteran Older Adults. Mil Med 2024; 189:1864-1870. [PMID: 38739491 PMCID: PMC11363385 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usae225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The U.S. Military Veterans aged 65 and older comprise an estimated 43% of the 22 million living Veterans in the United States. Veterans have high rates of physical, psychiatric, and social challenges, but it is not known whether Veteran status confers additional risk for cognitive or functional impairments in later life. Thus, this investigation specifically compared older Veterans with their non-Veteran peers in cognitive functioning and performance-based functional capacity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants (N = 110; 29 Veterans and 81 non-Veterans) were part of a larger longitudinal study on biopsychosocial functioning in independently living older adult residents of a Continuing Care Senior Housing Community. The University of California San Diego Institutional Review Board approved the study and all participants provided written informed consent. Participants provided demographic and mental health information and were administered a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Functional capacity was assessed using the UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment-Brief (UPSA-B), which uses financial and communication role-plays to assess everyday functioning skills. Neuropsychological scores were appropriately normed prior to analysis. Multivariate Analyses of Variances with post hoc t-tests and an Analysis of Covariance were used to examine neuropsychological and functional capacity differences, respectively, between Veterans and non-Veterans. RESULTS Veterans did not differ from non-Veterans in educational attainment (16.4 years versus 15.5 years, P = 0.110), but they were significantly older (mean age 86.9 years ± 5.7, versus 81.74 years ± 6.53; P < 0.001) and were more likely to be male (X2 [1, N = 110] = 62.39, P < 0.001). Thus, though neuropsychological norms already accounted for demographic differences in our participants, age and sex were controlled in the Analysis of Covariance predicting UPSA-B score from Veteran status. Results suggested that, compared to non-Veterans, Veterans had significantly worse performance in the list learning portion of a test of verbal memory (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised, Total Recall; t = 2.56, P = 0.012, d = 0.56). Veterans and non-Veterans did not significantly differ in performance on the delayed recall portion of the verbal learning test and did not differ on a cognitive screening test (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) or on measures of premorbid intellectual functioning (Wide Range Achievement Test-4 Reading), language (Boston Naming Test, Verbal Fluency), visual memory (Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised), attention/working memory (WAIS-IV Digit Span), processing speed (WAIS-IV Digit Symbol Coding), executive function (Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Trails and Color-Word Test), or functional capacity (UPSA-B). Because our examination of multiple outcomes might have inflated Type I error, we performed a post hoc adjustment of P values using Benjamini-Hochberg procedures and the group difference in verbal learning remained significant. CONCLUSIONS Despite largely similar function in most domains, Veterans performed significantly more poorly in verbal list learning than their non-Veteran peers. Additional attention should be given to the understanding, assessment, and possible treatment of learning and memory differences in older Veterans, as this may be an area in which Veteran status confers additional risk or vulnerability to decline. This is the first study to compare objective neuropsychological and functional performance between older (age 65+) US Veterans and non-Veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline E Maye
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Colin A Depp
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ellen E Lee
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Amber V Keller
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- SDSU/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Ho-Cheol Kim
- Academic Research Programs, IBM Research-Almaden, San Jose, CA 95120, USA
| | - Dilip V Jeste
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Twamley
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Moody JN, Howard E, Nolan KE, Prieto S, Logue MW, Hayes JP. Traumatic Brain Injury and Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease Impact Cerebrospinal Fluid β-Amyloid Levels in Vietnam War Veterans. Neurotrauma Rep 2024; 5:760-769. [PMID: 39184178 PMCID: PMC11342050 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2024.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) may increase the risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its neuropathological correlates, although the mechanisms of this relationship are unclear. The current study examined the synergistic effects of TBI and genetic risk for AD on β-amyloid (Aβ) levels among Vietnam War Veterans. We hypothesized that the combination of TBI and higher polygenic risk score (PRS) for AD would be associated with lower cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ42/40. Data were obtained from the Department of Defense Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Participants included Vietnam War Veterans without dementia who identified as White non-Hispanic/Latino and had available demographic, clinical assessment, genetic, and CSF biomarker data. Lifetime TBI history was assessed using The Ohio State University TBI Identification Method. Participants were categorized into those with and without TBI. Among those with a prior TBI, injury severity was defined as either mild or moderate/severe. CSF Aβ42/40 ratios were calculated. Genetic propensity for AD was assessed using PRSs. Hierarchical linear regression models examined the interactive effects of TBI and PRS for AD on Aβ42/40. Exploratory analyses examined the interaction between TBI severity and PRS. The final sample included 88 male Vietnam War Veterans who identified as White non-Hispanic/Latino (M age = 68.3 years), 49 of whom reported a prior TBI. There was a significant interaction between TBI and PRS, such that individuals with TBI and higher PRS for AD had lower Aβ42/40 (B = -0.45, 95% CI: -0.86 to -0.05, p = 0.03). This relationship may be stronger with increasing TBI severity (p = 0.05). Overall, TBI was associated with lower Aβ42/40, indicating greater amyloid deposition in the brain, in the context of greater polygenic risk for AD. These findings highlight who may be at increased risk for AD neuropathology following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jena N. Moody
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Erica Howard
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kate E. Nolan
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sarah Prieto
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark W. Logue
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Psychiatry and Biomedical Genetics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jasmeet P. Hayes
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Chronic Brain Injury Initiative, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Beckett LA, Saito N, Donohue MC, Harvey DJ. Contributions of the ADNI Biostatistics Core. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 39140601 DOI: 10.1002/alz.14159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The goal of the Biostatistics Core of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) has been to ensure that sound study designs and statistical methods are used to meet the overall goals of ADNI. We have supported the creation of a well-validated and well-curated longitudinal database of clinical and biomarker information on ADNI participants and helped to make this accessible and usable for researchers. We have developed a statistical methodology for characterizing the trajectories of clinical and biomarker change for ADNI participants across the spectrum from cognitively normal to dementia, including multivariate patterns and evidence for heterogeneity in cognitive aging. We have applied these methods and adapted them to improve clinical trial design. ADNI-4 will offer us a chance to help extend these efforts to a more diverse cohort with an even richer panel of biomarker data to support better knowledge of and treatment for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. HIGHLIGHTS: The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Biostatistics Core provides study design and analytic support to ADNI investigators. Core members develop and apply novel statistical methodology to work with ADNI data and support clinical trial design. The Core contributes to the standardization, validation, and harmonization of biomarker data. The Core serves as a resource to the wider research community to address questions related to the data and study as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel A Beckett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Naomi Saito
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Michael C Donohue
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Danielle J Harvey
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Luu B, Bangen KJ, Clark AL, Weigand AJ, Rantins P, Garcia ME, Urias U, Merritt VC, Thomas KR. PTSD moderates the association between subjective cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in older veterans. Aging Ment Health 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39118434 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2389547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) are independent risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia, but the association of their interaction on AD biomarkers have yet to be characterized. This study aimed to examine the impact of PTSD on the association between SCD and tau and amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) as well as global cognition in older Veterans. METHOD This study included 87 Vietnam-Era Veterans without dementia (42 with PTSD; 45 without PTSD) from the Department of Defense-Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. All participants had both tau and amyloid PET imaging as well as cognitive testing. SCD was measured using the Everyday Cognition questionnaire. RESULTS While SCD was associated with tau PET, amyloid PET, and global cognition, PTSD moderated these associations for tau and amyloid PET levels. Specifically, Veterans without PTSD had a stronger positive relationship between SCD and AD biomarkers when compared to those with PTSD. CONCLUSION Higher SCD was associated with greater tau and amyloid burden and worse cognitive performance across the sample, though the tau and amyloid associations were stronger for Veterans without PTSD. Results highlight the potential benefit of comprehensive clinical assessments including consideration of mental health among older Veterans with SCD to understand the underlying cause of the cognitive concerns. Additionally, more work is needed to understand alternative mechanisms driving SCD in older Veterans with PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britney Luu
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Katherine J Bangen
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra L Clark
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Alexandra J Weigand
- San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Peter Rantins
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mary Ellen Garcia
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Uriel Urias
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Victoria C Merritt
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VASDHS, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kelsey R Thomas
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Hirad AA, Mix D, Venkataraman A, Meyers SP, Mahon BZ. Strain concentration drives the anatomical distribution of injury in acute and chronic traumatic brain injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.22.595352. [PMID: 38826417 PMCID: PMC11142169 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.22.595352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Brain tissue injury caused by mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) disproportionately concentrates in the midbrain, cerebellum, mesial temporal lobe, and the interface between cortex and white matter at sulcal depths 1-12. The bio-mechanical principles that explain why physical impacts to different parts of the skull translate to common foci of injury concentrated in specific brain structures are unknown. A general and longstanding idea, which has not to date been directly tested in humans, is that different brain regions are differentially susceptible to strain loading11,13-15. We use Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) in healthy participants to develop whole-brain bio-mechanical vulnerability maps that independently define which regions of the brain exhibit disproportionate strain concentration. We then validate those vulnerability maps in a prospective cohort of mTBI patients, using diffusion MRI data collected at three cross-sectional timepoints after injury: acute, sub-acute, chronic. We show that regions that exhibit high strain, measured with MRE, are also the sites of greatest injury, as measured with diffusion MR in mTBI patients. This was the case in acute, subacute, and chronic subgroups of the mTBI cohort. Follow-on analyses decomposed the biomechanical cause of increased strain by showing it is caused jointly by disproportionately higher levels of energy arriving to 'high-strain' structures, as well as the inability of 'high strain' structures to effectively disperse that energy. These findings establish a causal mechanism that explains the anatomy of injury in mTBI based on in vivo rheological properties of the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan A. Hirad
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 1462, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Del Monte Neuroscience Institute, University of Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Doran Mix
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 1462, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 1462
| | - Arun Venkataraman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Steven P. Meyers
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 1462, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 1462, USA
| | - Bradford Z. Mahon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 1462, USA
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15206
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15206
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Salimi Y, Domingo-Fernández D, Hofmann-Apitius M, Birkenbihl C. Data-Driven Thresholding Statistically Biases ATN Profiling across Cohort Datasets. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2024; 11:185-195. [PMID: 38230732 PMCID: PMC10995057 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2023.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (ATN) framework has found wide application in Alzheimer's disease research, it is unclear if thresholds obtained using distinct thresholding methods are concordant within the same dataset and interchangeable across cohorts. OBJECTIVES To investigate the robustness of data-driven thresholding methods and ATN profiling across cohort datasets. DESIGN AND SETTING We evaluated the impact of thresholding methods on ATN profiles by applying five commonly-used methodologies across cohort datasets. We assessed the generalizability of disease patterns discovered within ATN profiles by clustering individuals from different cohorts who were assigned to the same ATN profile. PARTICIPANTS AND MEASUREMENTS Participants with available CSF amyloid-β 1-42, phosphorylated tau, and total tau measurements were included from eleven AD cohort studies. RESULTS We observed high variability among obtained ATN thresholds, both across methods and datasets that impacted the resulting profile assignments of participants significantly. Clustering participants from different cohorts within the same ATN category indicated that identified disease patterns were comparable across most cohorts and biases introduced through distinct thresholding and data representations remained insignificant in most ATN profiles. CONLUSION Thresholding method selection is a decision of statistical relevance that will inevitably bias the resulting profiling and affect its sensitivity and specificity. Thresholds are likely not directly interchangeable between independent cohorts. To apply the ATN framework as an actionable and robust profiling scheme, a comprehensive understanding of the impact of used thresholding methods, their statistical implications, and a validation of results is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Salimi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Sankt Augustin, 53757 Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, 53115 Germany
- Schloß Birlinghoven, Sankt Augustin, 53757 Germany
| | - D. Domingo-Fernández
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Sankt Augustin, 53757 Germany
| | - M. Hofmann-Apitius
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Sankt Augustin, 53757 Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, 53115 Germany
| | - C. Birkenbihl
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Sankt Augustin, 53757 Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, 53115 Germany
- Schloß Birlinghoven, Sankt Augustin, 53757 Germany
| | - the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Sankt Augustin, 53757 Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, 53115 Germany
- Schloß Birlinghoven, Sankt Augustin, 53757 Germany
| | - the Japanese Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Sankt Augustin, 53757 Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, 53115 Germany
- Schloß Birlinghoven, Sankt Augustin, 53757 Germany
| | - the Alzheimer’s Disease Repository Without Borders Investigators
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Sankt Augustin, 53757 Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, 53115 Germany
- Schloß Birlinghoven, Sankt Augustin, 53757 Germany
| | - the European Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease (EPAD) Consortium
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Sankt Augustin, 53757 Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, 53115 Germany
- Schloß Birlinghoven, Sankt Augustin, 53757 Germany
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Wegner P, Balabin H, Ay MC, Bauermeister S, Killin L, Gallacher J, Hofmann-Apitius M, Salimi Y. Semantic Harmonization of Alzheimer's Disease Datasets Using AD-Mapper. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:1409-1423. [PMID: 38759012 PMCID: PMC11191441 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Despite numerous past endeavors for the semantic harmonization of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cohort studies, an automatic tool has yet to be developed. Objective As cohort studies form the basis of data-driven analysis, harmonizing them is crucial for cross-cohort analysis. We aimed to accelerate this task by constructing an automatic harmonization tool. Methods We created a common data model (CDM) through cross-mapping data from 20 cohorts, three CDMs, and ontology terms, which was then used to fine-tune a BioBERT model. Finally, we evaluated the model using three previously unseen cohorts and compared its performance to a string-matching baseline model. Results Here, we present our AD-Mapper interface for automatic harmonization of AD cohort studies, which outperformed a string-matching baseline on previously unseen cohort studies. We showcase our CDM comprising 1218 unique variables. Conclusion AD-Mapper leverages semantic similarities in naming conventions across cohorts to improve mapping performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Wegner
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Helena Balabin
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Computer Science, Language Intelligence and Information Retrieval Lab, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mehmet Can Ay
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah Bauermeister
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lewis Killin
- SYNAPSE Research Management Partners, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John Gallacher
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin Hofmann-Apitius
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yasamin Salimi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Sharma A, Feng L, Muresanu DF, Tian ZR, Lafuente JV, Buzoianu AD, Nozari A, Bryukhovetskiy I, Manzhulo I, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Nanowired Delivery of Cerebrolysin Together with Antibodies to Amyloid Beta Peptide, Phosphorylated Tau, and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Induces Superior Neuroprotection in Alzheimer's Disease Brain Pathology Exacerbated by Sleep Deprivation. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 32:3-53. [PMID: 37480458 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32997-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation induces amyloid beta peptide and phosphorylated tau deposits in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid together with altered serotonin metabolism. Thus, it is likely that sleep deprivation is one of the predisposing factors in precipitating Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain pathology. Our previous studies indicate significant brain pathology following sleep deprivation or AD. Keeping these views in consideration in this review, nanodelivery of monoclonal antibodies to amyloid beta peptide (AβP), phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in sleep deprivation-induced AD is discussed based on our own investigations. Our results suggest that nanowired delivery of monoclonal antibodies to AβP with p-tau and TNF-α induces superior neuroprotection in AD caused by sleep deprivation, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Igor Bryukhovetskiy
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Igor Manzhulo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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9
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Feng L, Sharma A, Wang Z, Muresanu DF, Tian ZR, Lafuente JV, Buzoianu AD, Nozari A, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Co-administration of Nanowired DL-3-n-Butylphthalide (DL-NBP) Together with Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Monoclonal Antibodies to Alpha Synuclein and TDP-43 (TAR DNA-Binding Protein 43) Enhance Superior Neuroprotection in Parkinson's Disease Following Concussive Head Injury. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 32:97-138. [PMID: 37480460 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32997-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
dl-3-n-butylphthalide (dl-NBP) is one of the potent antioxidant compounds that induces profound neuroprotection in stroke and traumatic brain injury. Our previous studies show that dl-NBP reduces brain pathology in Parkinson's disease (PD) following its nanowired delivery together with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exacerbated by concussive head injury (CHI). CHI alone elevates alpha synuclein (ASNC) in brain or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) associated with elevated TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43). TDP-43 protein is also responsible for the pathologies of PD. Thus, it is likely that exacerbation of brain pathology in PD following brain injury may be thwarted using nanowired delivery of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to ASNC and/or TDP-43. In this review, the co-administration of dl-NBP with MSCs and mAb to ASNC and/or TDP-43 using nanowired delivery in PD and CHI-induced brain pathology is discussed based on our own investigations. Our observations show that co-administration of TiO2 nanowired dl-NBP with MSCs and mAb to ASNC with TDP-43 induced superior neuroprotection in CHI induced exacerbation of brain pathology in PD, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Zhongshan Road (West), Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhenguo Wang
- Shijiazhuang Pharma Group NBP Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Gottlieb A, Toledano-Furman N, Prabhakara KS, Kumar A, Caplan HW, Bedi S, Cox CS, Olson SD. Time dependent analysis of rat microglial surface markers in traumatic brain injury reveals dynamics of distinct cell subpopulations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6289. [PMID: 35428862 PMCID: PMC9012748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in a cascade of cellular responses, which produce neuroinflammation, partly due to the activation of microglia. Accurate identification of microglial populations is key to understanding therapeutic approaches that modify microglial responses to TBI and improve long-term outcome measures. Notably, previous studies often utilized an outdated convention to describe microglial phenotypes. We conducted a temporal analysis of the response to controlled cortical impact (CCI) in rat microglia between ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres across seven time points, identified microglia through expression of activation markers including CD45, CD11b/c, and p2y12 receptor and evaluated their activation state using additional markers of CD32, CD86, RT1B, CD200R, and CD163. We identified unique sub-populations of microglial cells that express individual or combination of activation markers across time points. We further portrayed how the size of these sub-populations changes through time, corresponding to stages in TBI response. We described longitudinal changes in microglial population after CCI in two different locations using activation markers, showing clear separation into cellular sub-populations that feature different temporal patterns of markers after injury. These changes may aid in understanding the symptomatic progression following TBI and help define microglial subpopulations beyond the outdated M1/M2 paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Gottlieb
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Naama Toledano-Furman
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Karthik S Prabhakara
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Akshita Kumar
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Henry W Caplan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Supinder Bedi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Charles S Cox
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Scott D Olson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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11
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Clark AL, Weigand AJ, Bangen KJ, Thomas KR, Eglit GM, Bondi MW, Delano‐Wood L. Higher cerebrospinal fluid tau is associated with history of traumatic brain injury and reduced processing speed in Vietnam-era veterans: A Department of Defense Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (DOD-ADNI) study. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 13:e12239. [PMID: 34692979 PMCID: PMC8515227 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our goal was to determine whether cognitive and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of tau and amyloid beta 1-42 (Aβ42) differ between Vietnam-era veterans with and without history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and whether TBI moderates the association between CSF markers and neurocognitive functioning. METHODS A total of 102 male participants (52 TBI, 50 military controls [MCs]; mean age = 68) were included. Levels of CSF Aβ42, tau phosphorylated at the threonine 181 position (p-tau), and total tau (t-tau) were quantified. Group differences in CSF markers and cognition as well as the moderating effect of TBI on CSF and cognition associations were explored. RESULTS Relative to MCs, the TBI group showed significantly higher p-tau (P = .01) and t-tau (P = .02), but no differences in amyloid (P = .09). TBI history moderated the association between CSF tau and performance on a measure of processing speed (t-tau: P = .04; p-tau: P = .02). DISCUSSION Tau accumulation may represent a mechanism of dementia risk in older veterans with remote TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L. Clark
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
- Research and Psychology ServicesVA San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS)La JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alexandra J. Weigand
- Research and Psychology ServicesVA San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS)La JollaCaliforniaUSA
- San Diego (SDSU/UCSD) Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical PsychologySan Diego State University/University of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Katherine J. Bangen
- Research and Psychology ServicesVA San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS)La JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kelsey R. Thomas
- Research and Psychology ServicesVA San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS)La JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Graham M.L. Eglit
- Research and Psychology ServicesVA San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS)La JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mark W. Bondi
- Research and Psychology ServicesVA San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS)La JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lisa Delano‐Wood
- Research and Psychology ServicesVA San Diego Healthcare System (VASDHS)La JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental HealthVASDHSLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
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12
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Dementia in military and veteran populations: a review of risk factors-traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder, deployment, and sleep. Mil Med Res 2021; 8:55. [PMID: 34645526 PMCID: PMC8515715 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-021-00346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The military population face a unique set of risk factors that may increase the risk of being diagnosed with dementia. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have a higher prevalence in this group in comparison to the civilian population. By delving into the individual relationships between TBI and dementia, and PTSD and dementia, we are able to better explore dementia in the military and veteran populations. While there are some inconsistencies in results, the TBI-dementia association has become more widely accepted. Moderate-to-severe TBI has been found to increase the risk of being diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. A correlation between PTSD and dementia has been established, however, whether or not it is a causal relationship remains unclear. Factors such as blast, combat and chemical exposure may occur during a deployment, along with TBI and/or PTSD diagnosis, and can impact the risk of dementia. However, there is a lack of literature exploring the direct effects of deployment on dementia risk. Sleep problems have been observed to occur in those following TBI, PTSD and deployment. Poor sleep has been associated with possible dementia risk. Although limited studies have focused on the link between sleep and dementia in military and veteran populations, sleep is a valuable factor to study due to its association and interconnection with other military/veteran factors. This review aims to inform of various risk factors to the cognitive health of military members and veterans: TBI, PTSD, deployment, and sleep.
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13
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Le Guen Y, Belloy ME, Napolioni V, Eger SJ, Kennedy G, Tao R, He Z, Greicius MD. A novel age-informed approach for genetic association analysis in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:72. [PMID: 33794991 PMCID: PMC8017764 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00808-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many Alzheimer's disease (AD) genetic association studies disregard age or incorrectly account for it, hampering variant discovery. METHODS Using simulated data, we compared the statistical power of several models: logistic regression on AD diagnosis adjusted and not adjusted for age; linear regression on a score integrating case-control status and age; and multivariate Cox regression on age-at-onset. We applied these models to real exome-wide data of 11,127 sequenced individuals (54% cases) and replicated suggestive associations in 21,631 genotype-imputed individuals (51% cases). RESULTS Modeling variable AD risk across age results in 5-10% statistical power gain compared to logistic regression without age adjustment, while incorrect age adjustment leads to critical power loss. Applying our novel AD-age score and/or Cox regression, we discovered and replicated novel variants associated with AD on KIF21B, USH2A, RAB10, RIN3, and TAOK2 genes. CONCLUSION Our AD-age score provides a simple means for statistical power gain and is recommended for future AD studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Le Guen
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA.
| | - Michael E Belloy
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Valerio Napolioni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Sarah J Eger
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Gabriel Kennedy
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Biostatistics and Vanderbilt Genetic Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Zihuai He
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Michael D Greicius
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
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Wilde EA, Dennis EL, Tate DF. The ENIGMA Brain Injury working group: approach, challenges, and potential benefits. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:465-474. [PMID: 33506440 PMCID: PMC8035294 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium brings together researchers from around the world to try to identify the genetic underpinnings of brain structure and function, along with robust, generalizable effects of neurological and psychiatric disorders. The recently-formed ENIGMA Brain Injury working group includes 10 subgroups, based largely on injury mechanism and patient population. This introduction to the special issue summarizes the history, organization, and objectives of ENIGMA Brain Injury, and includes a discussion of strategies, challenges, opportunities and goals common across 6 of the subgroups under the umbrella of ENIGMA Brain Injury. The following articles in this special issue, including 6 articles from different subgroups, will detail the challenges and opportunities specific to each subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A Wilde
- TBICC, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emily L Dennis
- TBICC, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - David F Tate
- TBICC, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, USA
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15
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Belloy ME, Napolioni V, Han SS, Le Guen Y, Greicius MD. Association of Klotho-VS Heterozygosity With Risk of Alzheimer Disease in Individuals Who Carry APOE4. JAMA Neurol 2021; 77:849-862. [PMID: 32282020 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Importance Identification of genetic factors that interact with the apolipoprotein e4 (APOE4) allele to reduce risk for Alzheimer disease (AD) would accelerate the search for new AD drug targets. Klotho-VS heterozygosity (KL-VSHET+ status) protects against aging-associated phenotypes and cognitive decline, but whether it protects individuals who carry APOE4 from AD remains unclear. Objectives To determine if KL-VSHET+ status is associated with reduced AD risk and β-amyloid (Aβ) pathology in individuals who carry APOE4. Design, Setting, and Participants This study combined 25 independent case-control, family-based, and longitudinal AD cohorts that recruited referred and volunteer participants and made data available through public repositories. Analyses were stratified by APOE4 status. Three cohorts were used to evaluate conversion risk, 1 provided longitudinal measures of Aβ CSF and PET, and 3 provided cross-sectional measures of Aβ CSF. Genetic data were available from high-density single-nucleotide variant microarrays. All data were collected between September 2015 and September 2019 and analyzed between April 2019 and December 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures The risk of AD was evaluated through logistic regression analyses under a case-control design. The risk of conversion to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD was evaluated through competing risks regression. Associations with Aβ, measured from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or brain positron emission tomography (PET), were evaluated using linear regression and mixed-effects modeling. Results Of 36 530 eligible participants, 13 782 were excluded for analysis exclusion criteria or refusal to participate. Participants were men and women aged 60 years and older who were non-Hispanic and of Northwestern European ancestry and had been diagnosed as being cognitively normal or having MCI or AD. The sample included 20 928 participants in case-control studies, 3008 in conversion studies, 556 in Aβ CSF regression analyses, and 251 in PET regression analyses. The genotype KL-VSHET+ was associated with reduced risk for AD in individuals carrying APOE4 who were 60 years or older (odds ratio, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.67-0.84]; P = 7.4 × 10-7), and this was more prominent at ages 60 to 80 years (odds ratio, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.61-0.79]; P = 3.6 × 10-8). Additionally, control participants carrying APOE4 with KL-VS heterozygosity were at reduced risk of converting to MCI or AD (hazard ratio, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.44-0.94]; P = .02). Finally, in control participants who carried APOE4 and were aged 60 to 80 years, KL-VS heterozygosity was associated with higher Aβ in CSF (β, 0.06 [95% CI, 0.01-0.10]; P = .03) and lower Aβ on PET scans (β, -0.04 [95% CI, -0.07 to -0.00]; P = .04). Conclusions and Relevance The genotype KL-VSHET+ is associated with reduced AD risk and Aβ burden in individuals who are aged 60 to 80 years, cognitively normal, and carrying APOE4. Molecular pathways associated with KL merit exploration for novel AD drug targets. The KL-VS genotype should be considered in conjunction with the APOE genotype to refine AD prediction models used in clinical trial enrichment and personalized genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Belloy
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Functional Imaging in Neuropsychiatric Disorders (FIND) Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Valerio Napolioni
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Functional Imaging in Neuropsychiatric Disorders (FIND) Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Summer S Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Yann Le Guen
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Functional Imaging in Neuropsychiatric Disorders (FIND) Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Michael D Greicius
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Functional Imaging in Neuropsychiatric Disorders (FIND) Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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16
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Sragovich S, Gershovits M, Lam JC, Li VO, Gozes I. Putative Blood Somatic Mutations in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder-Symptomatic Soldiers: High Impact of Cytoskeletal and Inflammatory Proteins. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:1723-1734. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-201158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: We recently discovered autism/intellectual disability somatic mutations in postmortem brains, presenting higher frequency in Alzheimer’s disease subjects, compared with the controls. We further revealed high impact cytoskeletal gene mutations, coupled with potential cytoskeleton-targeted repair mechanisms. Objective: The current study was aimed at further discerning if somatic mutations in brain diseases are presented only in the most affected tissue (the brain), or if blood samples phenocopy the brain, toward potential diagnostics. Methods: Variant calling analyses on an RNA-seq database including peripheral blood samples from 85 soldiers (58 controls and 27 with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD) was performed. Results: High (e.g., protein truncating) as well as moderate impact (e.g., single amino acid change) germline and putative somatic mutations in thousands of genes were found. Further crossing the mutated genes with autism, intellectual disability, cytoskeleton, inflammation, and DNA repair databases, identified the highest number of cytoskeletal-mutated genes (187 high and 442 moderate impact). Most of the mutated genes were shared and only when crossed with the inflammation database, more putative high impact mutated genes specific to the PTSD-symptom cohorts versus the controls (14 versus 13) were revealed, highlighting tumor necrosis factor specifically in the PTSD-symptom cohorts. Conclusion: With microtubules and neuro-immune interactions playing essential roles in brain neuroprotection and Alzheimer-related neurodegeneration, the current mutation discoveries contribute to mechanistic understanding of PTSD and brain protection, as well as provide future diagnostics toward personalized military deployment strategies and drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomo Sragovich
- The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Gershovits
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jacqueline C.K. Lam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Victor O.K. Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Illana Gozes
- The Elton Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sagol School of Neuroscience and Adams Super Center for Brain Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Anand A, Ghani A, Sharma K, Kaur G, Khosla R, Devi C, Podder V, Sivapuram MS, Maity K, Kaur H. War-Related Mental Health Issues and Need for Yoga Intervention Studies: A Scoping Review. Int J Yoga 2021; 14:175-187. [PMID: 35017859 PMCID: PMC8691442 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_60_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Conflicts and humanitarian crises lead to serious mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety, stress, and cognitive decline. Exposure to these circumstances in early life can lead to the development of disorders such as mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD), for which no treatments are available. In this review, various research papers have been compiled to develop an understanding about mental health of population affected due to wars and conflicts and how stress and depression can accelerate the development of dementia and AD. Due to failure of drugs in the treatment of dementia and AD, yoga and mindfulness-based approach has been proposed for future investigations. Although studies have shown that yoga and mindfulness can be helpful in the management of stress, anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder in the war-afflicted areas, limited mechanistic studies in yoga and mindfulness remain the chief cause precluding its clinical application in such warzones. The molecular studies in the field of yoga can be undertaken by targeting these warzones. This review provides a scientific evaluation of mind-body techniques as a justification for mental health rehabilitation in the war-afflicted zones in face of failed clinical trials for various drugs. This may help reduce the risk of developing dementia and AD in this susceptible population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Anand
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Lab, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India,CCRYN Center for Mind Body Interventions through Yoga PGIMER, Chandigarh, India,Centre for Cognitive Sciences and Phenomenology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India,Address for correspondence: Prof. Akshay Anand, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Lab, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. E-mail:
| | - Abdul Ghani
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kanupriya Sharma
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Lab, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gurkeerat Kaur
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Lab, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Radhika Khosla
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Lab, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Chandra Devi
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Lab, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vivek Podder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Nalgonda, Telangana, India
| | - Madhava S. Sivapuram
- Department of Medicine, Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kalyan Maity
- Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Harmandeep Kaur
- Department of Physical Education, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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18
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What Happened in the Hippocampal Axon in a Rat Model of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:723-737. [PMID: 32930942 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00960-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Studies from postmortem and animal models have revealed altered synapse morphology and function in the brain of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). And the effects of PTSD on dendrites and spines have been reported, however, the effection on axon include microtubule (MT) and synaptic vesicles of presynaptic elements remains unknown. Hippocampus is involved in abnormal memory in PTSD. In the present study, we used the single prolonged stress (SPS) model to mimic PTSD. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and high-throughput sequencing (GSE153081) were utilized to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the hippocampus of control and SPS rats. Immunofluorescence and western blotting were performed to examine change in axon-related proteins. Synaptic function was evaluated by measuring miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs). RNA-sequencing analysis revealed 230 significantly DEGs between the control and SPS groups. Gene Ontology analysis revealed upregulation in axonemal assembly, MT formation, or movement, but downregulation in axon initial segment and synaptic vesicles fusion in the hippocampus of SPS rats. Increased expression in tau, β-tubulin MAP1B, KIF9, CCDC40, DNAH12 and decreased expression in p-tau, stathmin suggested SPS induced axon extension. Increased protein expression in VAMP, STX1A, Munc18-1 and decreased expression in synaptotagmin-1 suggested SPS induced more SNARE complex formation but decreased ability in synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane in the hippocampus of SPS rats. Further, low mEPSC frequency in SPS rats indicated dysfunction in presynaptic membrane. These results suggest that axon extension and synaptic vesicles fusion abnormality are involved in dysfunction of PTSD.
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High-resolution and differential analysis of rat microglial markers in traumatic brain injury: conventional flow cytometric and bioinformatics analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11991. [PMID: 32686718 PMCID: PMC7371644 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68770-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in a cascade of cellular responses, which produce neuroinflammation, partly due to microglial activation. Transforming from surveying to primed phenotypes, microglia undergo considerable molecular changes. However, specific microglial profiles in rat remain elusive due to tedious methodology and limited availability of reagents. Here, we present a flow cytometry-based analysis of rat microglia 24 h after TBI using the controlled cortical impact model, validated with a bioinformatics approach. Isolated microglia are analyzed for morphological changes and their expression of activation markers using flow cytometry, traditional gating-based analysis methods and support the data by employing bioinformatics statistical tools. We use CD45, CD11b/c, and p2y12 receptor to identify microglia and evaluate their activation state using CD32, CD86, RT1B, CD200R, and CD163. The results from logic-gated flow cytometry analysis was validated with bioinformatics-based analysis and machine learning algorithms to detect quantitative changes in morphology and marker expression in microglia due to activation following TBI.
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20
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Lutz MW, Luo S, Williamson DE, Chiba-Falek O. Shared genetic etiology underlying late-onset Alzheimer's disease and posttraumatic stress syndrome. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:1280-1292. [PMID: 32588970 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) manifests comorbid neuropsychiatric symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with an increased risk for dementia in late life, suggesting the two disorders may share genetic etiologies. METHODS We performed genetic pleiotropy analysis using LOAD and PTSD genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets from white and African-American populations, followed by functional-genomic analyses. RESULTS We found an enrichment for LOAD across increasingly stringent levels of significance with the PTSD GWAS association (LOAD|PTSD) in the discovery and replication cohorts and a modest enrichment for the reverse conditional association (PTSD|LOAD). LOAD|PTSD association analysis identified and replicated the MS4A genes region. These genes showed similar expression pattern in brain regions affected in LOAD, and across-brain-tissue analysis identified a significant association for MS4A6A. The African-American samples showed moderate enrichment; however, no false discovery rate-significant associations. DISCUSSION We demonstrated common genetic signatures for LOAD and PTSD and suggested immune response as a common pathway for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Lutz
- Division of Translational Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sheng Luo
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Douglas E Williamson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Research Service, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ornit Chiba-Falek
- Division of Translational Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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21
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Kempuraj D, Ahmed ME, Selvakumar GP, Thangavel R, Raikwar SP, Zaheer SA, Iyer SS, Burton C, James D, Zaheer A. Psychological Stress-Induced Immune Response and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease in Veterans from Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom. Clin Ther 2020; 42:974-982. [PMID: 32184013 PMCID: PMC7308186 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Psychological stress is a significant health problem in veterans and their family members. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stress lead to the onset, progression, and worsening of several inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases in veterans and civilians. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, irreversible neuroinflammatory disease that causes problems with memory, thinking, and behavior. TBIs and chronic psychological stress cause and accelerate the pathology of neuroinflammatory diseases such as AD. However, the precise molecular and cellular mechanisms governing neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration are currently unknown, especially in veterans. The purpose of this review article was to advance the hypothesis that stress and TBI-mediated immune response substantially contribute and accelerate the pathogenesis of AD in veterans and their close family members and civilians. METHODS The information in this article was collected and interpreted from published articles in PubMed between 1985 and 2020 using the key words stress, psychological stress, Afghanistan war, Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), Iraq War, Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), Operation New Dawn (OND), traumatic brain injury, mast cell and stress, stress and neuroimmune response, stress and Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury, and Alzheimer's disease. FINDINGS Chronic psychological stress and brain injury induce the generation and accumulation of beta-amyloid peptide, amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and phosphorylation of tau in the brain, thereby contributing to AD pathogenesis. Active military personnel and veterans are under enormous psychological stress due to various war-related activities, including TBIs, disabilities, fear, new environmental conditions, lack of normal life activities, insufficient communications, explosions, military-related noise, and health hazards. Brain injury, stress, mast cell, and other immune cell activation can induce headache, migraine, dementia, and upregulate neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation New Dawn. TBIs, posttraumatic stress disorder, psychological stress, pain, glial activation, and dementia in active military personnel, veterans, or their family members can cause AD several years later in their lives. We suggest that there are increasing numbers of veterans with TBIs and stress and that these veterans may develop AD late in life if no appropriate therapeutic intervention is available. IMPLICATIONS Per these published reports, the fact that TBIs and psychological stress can accelerate the pathogenesis of AD should be recognized. Active military personnel, veterans, and their close family members should be evaluated regularly for stress symptoms to prevent the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Mohammad Ejaz Ahmed
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Govindhasamy Pushpavathi Selvakumar
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ramasamy Thangavel
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sudhanshu P Raikwar
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Smita A Zaheer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Shankar S Iyer
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Asgar Zaheer
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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22
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Ashford JW. Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Trazodone, Sleep, Serotonin, Norepinephrine, and Future Directions. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 67:923-930. [PMID: 30776014 PMCID: PMC6398534 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this issue, an article by La et al. provides evidence that trazodone delayed cognitive decline in 25 participants with Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment, or normal cognition. For participants considered to have AD pathology, trazodone non-users declined at a rate 2.4 times greater than those taking trazodone for sleep over a 4-year period. In the analysis of sleep complaints, the relationship between trazodone, a widely used medication for sleep problems in the elderly, and cognition was associated with subjective improvement of sleep disruption. Due to the design of the study, it was not possible to prove that the benefit of slowing cognitive decline was due specifically to the improvement in sleep. However, trazodone uniquely improves the deeper phases of slow-wave sleep. Other sedative medications are generally associated with worse cognitive function over time, and they do not improve sleep characteristics as does trazodone. Trazodone has a variety of effects on several monoaminergic mechanisms: a potent serotonin 5-HT2A and α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist, a weak serotonin reuptake inhibitor, and a weak antihistamine or histamine H1 receptor inverse agonist. Because of the potential importance of this finding, further discussion is provided on the roles that trazodone may play in the modulation of monoamines, cognition, and the development of AD. If trazodone really does provide such a dramatic slowing in the development of dementia associated with AD, a great deal more research on trazodone is needed, including environmental and behavioral factors related to improvement of sleep, energy management, and neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Wesson Ashford
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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23
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Honig MG, Dorian CC, Worthen JD, Micetich AC, Mulder IA, Sanchez KB, Pierce WF, Del Mar NA, Reiner A. Progressive long-term spatial memory loss following repeat concussive and subconcussive brain injury in mice, associated with dorsal hippocampal neuron loss, microglial phenotype shift, and vascular abnormalities. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 54:5844-5879. [PMID: 32090401 PMCID: PMC7483557 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable concern about the long‐term deleterious effects of repeat head trauma on cognition, but little is known about underlying mechanisms and pathology. To examine this, we delivered four air blasts to the left side of the mouse cranium, a week apart, with an intensity that causes deficits when delivered singly and considered “concussive,” or an intensity that does not yield significant deficits when delivered singly and considered “subconcussive.” Neither repeat concussive nor subconcussive blast produced spatial memory deficits at 4 months, but both yielded deficits at 14 months, and dorsal hippocampal neuron loss. Hierarchical cluster analysis of dorsal hippocampal microglia across the three groups based on morphology and expression of MHCII, CX3CR1, CD68 and IBA1 revealed five distinct phenotypes. Types 1A and 1B microglia were more common in sham mice, linked to better neuron survival and memory, and appeared mildly activated. By contrast, 2B and 2C microglia were more common in repeat concussive and subconcussive mice, linked to poorer neuron survival and memory, and characterized by low expression levels and attenuated processes, suggesting they were de‐activated and dysfunctional. In addition, endothelial cells in repeat concussive mice exhibited reduced CD31 and eNOS expression, which was correlated with the prevalence of type 2B and 2C microglia. Our findings suggest that both repeat concussive and subconcussive head injury engender progressive pathogenic processes, possibly through sustained effects on microglia that over time lead to increased prevalence of dysfunctional microglia, adversely affecting neurons and blood vessels, and thereby driving neurodegeneration and memory decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia G Honig
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Conor C Dorian
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - John D Worthen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Anthony C Micetich
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Isabelle A Mulder
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Katelyn B Sanchez
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - William F Pierce
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nobel A Del Mar
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Anton Reiner
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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24
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Ritchie K, Cramm H, Aiken A, Donnelly C, Goldie K. Post-traumatic stress disorder and dementia in veterans: A scoping literature review. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2019; 28:1017-1031. [PMID: 31106950 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Emerging research has found an association between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dementia in veterans, yet little is known about the nature of this association and how it is conceptualized in the literature. The purpose of this scoping review is to understand how the relationship between PTSD and dementia in veterans is recognized and described in the peer-reviewed literature. A scoping review was conducted using Arksey and O'Malley's (International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8, 19, 2005) framework. Articles are included if participants were veterans with a focus on PTSD and dementia. A total of six databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, HealthSTAR, and PubMed) were searched along with the reference lists of eligible sources in September 2018. Thematic analysis was used to summarize the data. Thirty-six studies were included in this review. Three main themes emerged from the literature: (i) symptomatic expression of PTSD and dementia; (ii) aetiology underlying the relationship between PTSD and dementia; and (iii) implications of PTSD and dementia on healthcare providers, treatment, and resources. This study highlights the ongoing need to understand mechanisms underlying the association between PTSD and dementia, the need for definition of PTSD symptoms, and to sensitize healthcare providers to the presence of PTSD when caring for veterans with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Ritchie
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heidi Cramm
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alice Aiken
- Research & Innovation, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Catherine Donnelly
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katie Goldie
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Klimova B, Maresova P, Kuca K. Combat Military Personnel and Selective Risk Factors for the Development of Dementias - A Review. CURRENT PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH AND REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573400515666190114155451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
Due to the growth of life expectancies and the increasing number of elderly population all
over the world, there is a risk of growth of aging diseases such as dementia. Recent research studies
also indicate that there will be a growing number of military veterans who will be affected by dementia,
already at the age of 55+ years. In the case of combat military personnel, the most common
dementias are Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. These two dementias are very similar
because their main symptoms are the same. The purpose of this review is to explore two main risk
factors influencing the development of the dementias. These include posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Furthermore, the authors of this study focus on the exploration
of the treatment of PTSD and TBI in order to delay the development of dementias among
combat military personnel.
:
For the purpose of this study, a method of literature review of available sources exploring these two
main risk factors of dementia among combat military personnel was used. Based on the evaluation
of these literature sources, possibilities of pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to
the treatment and care of these people were described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Klimova
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Maresova
- Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Philosophical Faculty, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanského 62, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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26
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Nerius M, Ziegler U, Doblhammer G, Fink A. [Trends in the Prevalence of Dementia and Parkinson's Disease: An Analysis Based on Health Claims Data from all German Statutory Health Insurance Funds for Persons aged 65+in Germany 2009-2012]. DAS GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2019; 82:761-769. [PMID: 30900234 DOI: 10.1055/a-0829-6494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There will be an increase in the number of people with dementia (DEM) and Parkinson's disease (PD) with the ageing of the population. The aim of the study was to calculate prevalences and trends of prevalences for DEM and PD in Germany to enable reliable public health planning. METHODS For the years 2009-2012, sex-specific period prevalences of DEM and PD for 5-year age-groups based on health claims data from all German statutory health insurance funds were calculated. Time trends were estimated using a negative binomial regression. RESULTS In 2012 and for persons aged 65 or older, the crude prevalence was 7.9% for DEM and 2.2% for PD. Between 2009 and 2012, a mean decrease of the DEM prevalence by 1.2% per year was found for women and men above age 65. For PD we found constant rates between 2009-2012 among men and an annual mean decrease of PD prevalence of 0.5% among women. CONCLUSION A reduction of the DEM prevalence by 1.2% per year could partially counterbalance the increase of people with dementia resulting from ageing population. For PD we found decreasing prevalences only among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nerius
- Deutsches Zentrum fur Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Demografische Studien, Rostock.,Institut für Soziologie und Demographie, Universitat Rostock, Rostock.,Rostocker Zentrum zur Erforschung des demografischen Wandels, Rostock
| | - Uta Ziegler
- Institut für Soziologie und Demographie, Universitat Rostock, Rostock
| | - Gabriele Doblhammer
- Deutsches Zentrum fur Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Demografische Studien, Rostock.,Institut für Soziologie und Demographie, Universitat Rostock, Rostock.,Rostocker Zentrum zur Erforschung des demografischen Wandels, Rostock.,Max-Planck-Institut für Demografische Forschung, Rostock
| | - Anne Fink
- Deutsches Zentrum fur Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Demografische Studien, Rostock.,Rostocker Zentrum zur Erforschung des demografischen Wandels, Rostock
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27
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Using Next-Generation Sequencing Transcriptomics To Determine Markers of Post-traumatic Symptoms: Preliminary Findings from a Post-deployment Cohort of Soldiers. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:463-471. [PMID: 30622122 PMCID: PMC6385974 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder is a concerning psychobehavioral disorder thought to emerge from the complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. For soldiers exposed to combat, the risk of developing this disorder is twofold and diagnosis is often late, when much sequela has set in. To be able to identify and diagnose in advance those at “risk” of developing post-traumatic stress disorder, would greatly taper the gap between late sequelae and treatment. Therefore, this study sought to determine whether the transcriptome can be used to track the development of post-traumatic stress disorder in this unique and susceptible cohort of individuals. Gene expression levels in peripheral blood samples from 85 Canadian infantry soldiers (n = 58 participants negative for symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and n = 27 participants with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder) following return from deployment to Afghanistan were determined using RNA sequencing technology. Count-based gene expression quantification, normalization and differential analysis (with thorough correction for confounders) revealed genes associated to PTSD; LRP8 and GOLM1. These preliminary results provide a proof-of-principle for the diagnostic utility of blood-based gene expression profiles for tracking symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in soldiers returning from tour. It is also the first to report transcriptome-wide expression profiles alongside a post-traumatic symptom checklist.
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28
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Snyder HM, Carare RO, DeKosky ST, de Leon MJ, Dykxhoorn D, Gan L, Gardner R, Hinds SR, Jaffee M, Lamb BT, Landau S, Manley G, McKee A, Perl D, Schneider JA, Weiner M, Wellington C, Yaffe K, Bain L, Pacifico AM, Carrillo MC. Military-related risk factors for dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14:1651-1662. [PMID: 30415806 PMCID: PMC6281800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, there has been growing discussion to better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress disorder and how they may be linked to an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease in veterans. METHODS Building on that discussion, and subsequent to a special issue of Alzheimer's & Dementia published in June 2014, which focused on military risk factors, the Alzheimer's Association convened a continued discussion of the scientific community on December 1, 2016. RESULTS During this meeting, participants presented and evaluated progress made since 2012 and identified outstanding knowledge gaps regarding factors that may impact veterans' risk for later life dementia. DISCUSSION The following is a summary of the invited presentations and moderated discussions of both the review of scientific understanding and identification of gaps to inform further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Snyder
- Medical & Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Roxana O Carare
- Clinical Neuroanatomy, Equality and Diversity Lead, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Steven T DeKosky
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mony J de Leon
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Derek Dykxhoorn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miami University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Gladstone Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Raquel Gardner
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology & Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sidney R Hinds
- Blast Injury Research Program Coordinating Office, United States Army Medical Research and Material Command, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Michael Jaffee
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bruce T Lamb
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Susan Landau
- Helen Willis Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkley, Berkley, CA, USA
| | - Geoff Manley
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology & Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ann McKee
- Department of Neurology and Pathology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Perl
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Neurology Department, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Weiner
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cheryl Wellington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology & Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Bain
- Independent Science Writer, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Maria C Carrillo
- Medical & Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, IL, USA
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29
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Mehta D, Bruenig D, Carrillo-Roa T, Lawford B, Harvey W, Morris CP, Smith AK, Binder EB, Young RM, Voisey J. Genomewide DNA methylation analysis in combat veterans reveals a novel locus for PTSD. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2017; 136:493-505. [PMID: 28795405 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation may play a key role in the aetiology and serve as biomarkers for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We performed a genomewide analysis to identify genes whose DNA methylation levels are associated with PTSD. METHOD A total of 211 individuals comprising Australian male Vietnam War veterans (n = 96) and males from a general population belonging to the Grady Trauma Project (n = 115) were included. Genomewide DNA methylation was performed from peripheral blood using the Illumina arrays. Data analysis was performed using generalized linear regression models. RESULTS Differential DNA methylation of 17 previously reported PTSD candidate genes was associated with PTSD symptom severity. Genomewide analyses revealed CpG sites spanning BRSK1, LCN8, NFG and DOCK2 genes were associated with PTSD symptom severity. We replicated the findings of DOCK2 in an independent cohort. Pathway analysis revealed that among the associated genes, genes within actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion molecular pathways were enriched. CONCLUSION These data highlight the role of DNA methylation as biomarkers of PTSD. The results support the role of previous candidates and uncover novel genes associated with PTSD, such as DOCK2. This study contributes to our understanding of the biological underpinnings of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mehta
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - D Bruenig
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Greenslopes, QLD, Australia
| | - T Carrillo-Roa
- Department of Translational Research, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - B Lawford
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - W Harvey
- Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Greenslopes, QLD, Australia
| | - C P Morris
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - A K Smith
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - E B Binder
- Department of Translational Research, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - R McD Young
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - J Voisey
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
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30
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Mohlenhoff BS, O'Donovan A, Weiner MW, Neylan TC. Dementia Risk in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: the Relevance of Sleep-Related Abnormalities in Brain Structure, Amyloid, and Inflammation. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2017; 19:89. [PMID: 29035423 PMCID: PMC5797832 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-017-0835-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with increased risk for dementia, yet mechanisms are poorly understood. RECENT FINDINGS Recent literature suggests several potential mechanisms by which sleep impairments might contribute to the increased risk of dementia observed in PTSD. First, molecular, animal, and imaging studies indicate that sleep problems lead to cellular damage in brain structures crucial to learning and memory. Second, recent studies have shown that lack of sleep might precipitate the accumulation of harmful amyloid proteins. Finally, sleep and PTSD are associated with elevated inflammation, which, in turn, is associated with dementia, possibly via cytokine-mediated neural toxicity and reduced neurogenesis. A better understanding of these mechanisms may yield novel treatment approaches to reduce neurodegeneration in PTSD. The authors emphasize the importance of including sleep data in studies of PTSD and cognition and identify next steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Mohlenhoff
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Disease, Veterans Administration Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street (116P), San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA.
- Mental Health Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Aoife O'Donovan
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Mental Health Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael W Weiner
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Disease, Veterans Administration Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street (116P), San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas C Neylan
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Disease, Veterans Administration Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street (116P), San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
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Knight LK, Naaz F, Stoica T, Depue BE. Lifetime PTSD and geriatric depression symptomatology relate to altered dorsomedial frontal and amygdala morphometry. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 267:59-68. [PMID: 28763718 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects a large portion of combat deployed Veterans. Moreover, many individuals also suffer from comorbid late life depression (geriatric depression; GD). While a great deal of research has begun to characterize the morphometric features of PTSD and depression individually, few studies have investigated the interacting effect of these two disorders, specifically in a Veteran population. The current study used cortical and subcortical surface-based morphometry (SBM) in combination with psychological assessments of PTSD and GD symptom severity to examine morphometric alterations in Vietnam War Veterans. Our results indicated that increased GD severity, PTSD symptomatology, and their interaction, was related to decreased grey matter volume (GMV) in the left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). Furthermore, increased symptomatology in the PTSD subscales of reexperiencing and hyperarousal were additionally found to be related to decreased GMV in this same dmPFC region. Subcortically, the interacting effect between PTSD and GD was also significantly related to regional shape variation in the left amygdala. These results suggest that morphometry of cortical (dmPFC) and non-neocortical regions (amygdala) putatively underlying emotional reactivity and the emotional components of memory is altered in PTSD and GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay K Knight
- Interdisciplinary Program in Translational Neuroscience, University of Louisville, USA
| | - Farah Naaz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, USA
| | - Teodora Stoica
- Interdisciplinary Program in Translational Neuroscience, University of Louisville, USA
| | - Brendan E Depue
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, USA; Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, USA.
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Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Risk of Parkinson Disease: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2017; 25:917-923. [PMID: 28416268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence has suggested a relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and neurodegenerative disorder, such as Alzheimer disease. The association between PTSD and Parkinson disease (PD), however, remains unclear. METHOD Using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, 7,280 subjects (1,456 patients aged ≥45 years with PTSD and 5,824 age-/sex-matched individuals without PTSD) were enrolled between 2002 and 2009 and followed to the end of 2011. Subjects who developed PD during the follow-up period were identified. RESULTS An increased risk of developing PD was found in patients with PTSD (Wald χ2 = 12.061, hazard ratio [HR]: 3.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.72-6.96) compared with individuals without PTSD, after adjusting for demographic data and medical and psychiatric comorbidities. The sensitivity tests after excluding the first year observation (Wald χ2 = 7.948, HR: 3.01, 95% CI: 1.40-6.46) and the first 3-year observation (Wald χ2 = 5.099, HR: 3.07, 95% CI: 1.16-8.15) were consistent. CONCLUSIONS Patients with PTSD had an elevated risk of developing PD in later life. Further studies would be required to clarify the exact pathophysiology between PTSD and PD and to investigate whether the prompt intervention for PTSD may reduce this risk.
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Van Horn JD, Irimia A, Torgerson CM, Bhattrai A, Jacokes Z, Vespa PM. Mild cognitive impairment and structural brain abnormalities in a sexagenarian with a history of childhood traumatic brain injury. J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:652-660. [PMID: 28543689 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we present a case study involving an older, female patient with a history of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). Magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging volumes were acquired from the volunteer in question, her brain volumetrics and morphometrics were extracted, and these were then systematically compared against corresponding metrics obtained from a large sample of older healthy control (HC) subjects as well as from subjects in various stages of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer disease (AD). Our analyses find the patient's brain morphometry and connectivity most similar to those of patients classified as having early-onset MCI, in contrast to HC, late MCI, and AD samples. Our examination will be of particular interest to those interested in assessing the clinical course in older patients having suffered TBI earlier in life, in contradistinction to those who experience incidents of head injury during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Darrell Van Horn
- USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrei Irimia
- USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Carinna M Torgerson
- USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Avnish Bhattrai
- USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zachary Jacokes
- USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paul M Vespa
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Weiner MW, Veitch DP, Aisen PS, Beckett LA, Cairns NJ, Green RC, Harvey D, Jack CR, Jagust W, Morris JC, Petersen RC, Salazar J, Saykin AJ, Shaw LM, Toga AW, Trojanowski JQ. The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 3: Continued innovation for clinical trial improvement. Alzheimers Dement 2017; 13:561-571. [PMID: 27931796 PMCID: PMC5536850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The overall goal of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) is to validate biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials. ADNI-3, which began on August 1, 2016, is a 5-year renewal of the current ADNI-2 study. METHODS ADNI-3 will follow current and additional subjects with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and AD using innovative technologies such as tau imaging, magnetic resonance imaging sequences for connectivity analyses, and a highly automated immunoassay platform and mass spectroscopy approach for cerebrospinal fluid biomarker analysis. A Systems Biology/pathway approach will be used to identify genetic factors for subject selection/enrichment. Amyloid positron emission tomography scanning will be standardized using the Centiloid method. The Brain Health Registry will help recruit subjects and monitor subject cognition. RESULTS Multimodal analyses will provide insight into AD pathophysiology and disease progression. DISCUSSION ADNI-3 will aim to inform AD treatment trials and facilitate development of AD disease-modifying treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Weiner
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Dallas P Veitch
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul S Aisen
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Laurel A Beckett
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert C Green
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danielle Harvey
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - William Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Salazar
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Tailored Therapeutics, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Arthur W Toga
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Institute of Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Institute on Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Udall Parkinson's Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Doran E, Keator D, Head E, Phelan MJ, Kim R, Totoiu M, Barrio JR, Small GW, Potkin SG, Lott IT. Down Syndrome, Partial Trisomy 21, and Absence of Alzheimer's Disease: The Role of APP. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 56:459-470. [PMID: 27983553 PMCID: PMC5662115 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene on chromosome 21 in Down syndrome (DS) has been linked to increased brain amyloid levels and early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). An elderly man with phenotypic DS and partial trisomy of chromosome 21 (PT21) lacked triplication of APP affording an opportunity to study the role of this gene in the pathogenesis of dementia. Multidisciplinary studies between ages 66-72 years comprised neuropsychological testing, independent neurological exams, amyloid PET imaging with 11C-Pittsburgh compound-B (PiB), plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) measurements, and a brain autopsy examination. The clinical phenotype was typical for DS and his intellectual disability was mild in severity. His serial neuropsychological test scores showed less than a 3% decline as compared to high functioning individuals with DS who developed dementia wherein the scores declined 17-28% per year. No dementia was detected on neurological examinations. On PiB-PET scans, the patient with PT21 had lower PiB standard uptake values than controls with typical DS or sporadic AD. Plasma Aβ42 was lower than values for demented or non-demented adults with DS. Neuropathological findings showed only a single neuritic plaque and neurofibrillary degeneration consistent with normal aging but not AD. Taken together the findings in this rare patient with PT21 confirm the obligatory role of APP in the clinical, biochemical, and neuropathological findings of AD in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Doran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - David Keator
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Michael J. Phelan
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ron Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Minodora Totoiu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Jorge R. Barrio
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gary W. Small
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven G. Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ira T. Lott
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA,Corresponding author: Ira T. Lott, MD, Address: University of California, Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Drive South, ZC 4482, Orange, CA 92868, Phone: 714-456-5333, Fax: 714-456-8466,
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Sharma HS, Muresanu DF, Sharma A. Alzheimer's disease: cerebrolysin and nanotechnology as a therapeutic strategy. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2016; 6:453-456. [PMID: 27827552 DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2016-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hari S Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, Uppsala University, SE-75421 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,RoNeuro Institute for Neurological Research & Diagnostic, 37 Mircea Eliade Street, 400364 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, Uppsala University, SE-75421 Uppsala, Sweden
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Abstract
There is a paucity of accurate and reliable biomarkers to detect traumatic brain injury, grade its severity, and model post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) recovery. This gap could be addressed via advances in brain mapping which define injury signatures and enable tracking of post-injury trajectories at the individual level. Mapping of molecular and anatomical changes and of modifications in functional activation supports the conceptual paradigm of TBI as a disorder of large-scale neural connectivity. Imaging approaches with particular relevance are magnetic resonance techniques (diffusion weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, susceptibility weighted imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomographic methods including molecular neuroimaging). Inferences from mapping represent unique endophenotypes which have the potential to transform classification and treatment of patients with TBI. Limitations of these methods, as well as future research directions, are highlighted.
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Gamberger D, Ženko B, Mitelpunkt A, Lavrač N. Homogeneous clusters of Alzheimer's disease patient population. Biomed Eng Online 2016; 15 Suppl 1:78. [PMID: 27453981 PMCID: PMC4959357 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-016-0183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identification of biomarkers for the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a challenge and a very difficult task both for medical research and data analysis. Methods We applied a novel clustering tool with the goal to identify subpopulations of the AD patients that are homogeneous in respect of available clinical as well as in respect of biological descriptors. Results The main result is identification of three clusters of patients with significant problems with dementia. The evaluation of properties of these clusters demonstrates that brain atrophy is the main driving force of dementia. The unexpected result is that the largest subpopulation that has very significant problems with dementia has besides mild signs of brain atrophy also large ventricular, intracerebral and whole brain volumes. Due to the fact that ventricular enlargement may be a consequence of brain injuries and that a large majority of patients in this subpopulation are males, a potential hypothesis is that such medical status is a consequence of a combination of previous traumatic events and degenerative processes. Conclusions The results may have substantial consequences for medical research and clinical trial design. The clustering methodology used in this study may be interesting also for other medical and biological domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Gamberger
- Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | | | - Nada Lavrač
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
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Doblhammer G, Fink A, Zylla S, Willekens F. Compression or expansion of dementia in Germany? An observational study of short-term trends in incidence and death rates of dementia between 2006/07 and 2009/10 based on German health insurance data. Alzheimers Res Ther 2015; 7:66. [PMID: 26537590 PMCID: PMC4634148 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-015-0146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There have been recent reports about a decline in dementia incidence, but only little is known about trends in the mortality of patients with dementia. Only the simultaneous analysis of both trends can inform whether the reported decline in dementia has led to a compression of dementia into higher ages. METHODS We used health claims data from the largest public health insurer in Germany over the two time periods 2004/07 and 2007/10. Dementia was defined according to the International Classification of Disease 10th revision (ICD-10) numbers G30, G31.0, G31.82, G23.1, F00, F01, F02, F03 and F05.1 or by a prescription of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine or both. In the two time periods, we observed 502,065 person-years of exposure and 10,881 incident dementia cases and 10,013 person-years of exposure among the newly demented and 3049 deaths. We estimated the relative risks of the two time periods applying proportional hazard models and calculated years with or without dementia using the illness-death model. RESULTS Dementia incidence was significantly higher in 2006/07 than in 2009/10, whereas mortality with dementia tended to be lower in the first period, albeit statistically significant among women only. Mortality without dementia tended to be higher in the first period for men and remained stable for women. Combining these trends, we found that at age 65 remaining life years with dementia were compressed by a yearly 0.4 months for men and 1.4 months for women. At the same time, remaining life years without dementia increased by a yearly 1.4 months for men and 1.1 months for women. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that the increase in dementia-free life years went together with an absolute compression of life years with dementia. This positive trend was particularly strong among women. Results were controlled for trends in multi-morbidity and care need, suggesting that the postponement in dementia incidence is not simply caused by a delay in diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Doblhammer
- University of Rostock, Institute for Sociology and Demography, Ulmenstr. 69, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee, 53175, Bonn, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Str. 1, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
- Rostock Center for the Study of Demographic Change, Konrad-Zuse-Str. 1, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Anne Fink
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee, 53175, Bonn, Germany.
- Rostock Center for the Study of Demographic Change, Konrad-Zuse-Str. 1, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Zylla
- University of Rostock, Institute for Sociology and Demography, Ulmenstr. 69, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
- Rostock Center for the Study of Demographic Change, Konrad-Zuse-Str. 1, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Frans Willekens
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Str. 1, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
- Rostock Center for the Study of Demographic Change, Konrad-Zuse-Str. 1, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
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Hendrix JA, Finger B, Weiner MW, Frisoni GB, Iwatsubo T, Rowe CC, Kim SY, Guinjoan SM, Sevlever G, Carrillo MC. The Worldwide Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: An update. Alzheimers Dement 2015; 11:850-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Hendrix
- Medical & Scientific Relations; Alzheimer's Association; Chicago IL USA
| | | | - Michael W. Weiner
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIND), Northern, California Institute of Research; San Francisco VA Medical Center; San Francisco CA USA
- Department of Radiology; University of California; San Francisco CA USA
| | - Giovanni B. Frisoni
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging; University Hospitals and University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Takeshi Iwatsubo
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine; The University Hospital of Tokyo; Japan
| | | | - Seong Yoon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry; Asian Medical Center; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Salvador M. Guinjoan
- Aging and Memory Center; Instituto de Investigaciones Neurologicas Raul Carrea (FLENI); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Gustavo Sevlever
- Aging and Memory Center; Instituto de Investigaciones Neurologicas Raul Carrea (FLENI); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Maria C. Carrillo
- Medical & Scientific Relations; Alzheimer's Association; Chicago IL USA
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Weiner MW, Veitch DP, Aisen PS, Beckett LA, Cairns NJ, Cedarbaum J, Donohue MC, Green RC, Harvey D, Jack CR, Jagust W, Morris JC, Petersen RC, Saykin AJ, Shaw L, Thompson PM, Toga AW, Trojanowski JQ. Impact of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, 2004 to 2014. Alzheimers Dement 2015; 11:865-84. [PMID: 26194320 PMCID: PMC4659407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) was established in 2004 to facilitate the development of effective treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) by validating biomarkers for AD clinical trials. METHODS We searched for ADNI publications using established methods. RESULTS ADNI has (1) developed standardized biomarkers for use in clinical trial subject selection and as surrogate outcome measures; (2) standardized protocols for use across multiple centers; (3) initiated worldwide ADNI; (4) inspired initiatives investigating traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress disorder in military populations, and depression, respectively, as an AD risk factor; (5) acted as a data-sharing model; (6) generated data used in over 600 publications, leading to the identification of novel AD risk alleles, and an understanding of the relationship between biomarkers and AD progression; and (7) inspired other public-private partnerships developing biomarkers for Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis. DISCUSSION ADNI has made myriad impacts in its first decade. A competitive renewal of the project in 2015 would see the use of newly developed tau imaging ligands, and the continued development of recruitment strategies and outcome measures for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Weiner
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Dallas P Veitch
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul S Aisen
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California- San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laurel A Beckett
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- Department of Neurology, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jesse Cedarbaum
- Neurology Early Clinical Development, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael C Donohue
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert C Green
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danielle Harvey
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - William Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and the School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Leslie Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Marina Del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Arthur W Toga
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Institute of Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute on Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Udall Parkinson's Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Weiner MW, Veitch DP. Introduction to special issue: Overview of Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Alzheimers Dement 2015; 11:730-3. [PMID: 26194308 PMCID: PMC5536175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), designed as a naturalistic longitudinal study to develop and validate magnetic resonance, positron emission tomography, cerebrospinal fluid, and genetic biomarkers for use in AD clinical trials, has made many impacts in the decade since its inception. The initial 5-year study, ADNI-1, enrolled cognitively normal, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD subjects, and the subsequent studies (ADNI-GO and ADNI-2) added early- and late-MCI cohorts. The development of standardized methods allowed comparison of data gathered across multiple sites, and these data are available to qualified researchers without embargo. ADNI data have been used in >600 publications including those describing relationships between biomarkers, improved methods for disease diagnosis and the prediction of future decline, and identifying novel genetic AD risk loci. ADNI has provided a framework for similar initiatives worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Weiner
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Dallas P Veitch
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Snyder HM, Hendrix J, Bain LJ, Carrillo MC. Alzheimer's disease research in the context of the national plan to address Alzheimer's disease. Mol Aspects Med 2015; 43-44:16-24. [PMID: 26096321 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In 2012, the first National Plan to Address Alzheimer's Disease in the United States (U.S.) was released, a component of the National Alzheimer's Project Act legislation. Since that time, there have been incremental increases in U.S. federal funding for Alzheimer's disease and related dementia research, particularly in the areas of biomarker discovery, genetic link and related biological underpinnings, and prevention studies for Alzheimer's. A central theme in each of these areas has been the emphasis of cross-sector collaboration and private-public partnerships between government, non-profit organizations and for-profit organizations. This paper will highlight multiple private-public partnerships supporting the advancement of Alzheimer's research in the context of the National Plan to Address Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Snyder
- Alzheimer's Association, Medical & Scientific Relations, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - James Hendrix
- Alzheimer's Association, Medical & Scientific Relations, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lisa J Bain
- Independent Science Writer, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria C Carrillo
- Alzheimer's Association, Medical & Scientific Relations, Chicago, IL, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Ara S Khachaturian
- Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association, Rockville, MD, USA.
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Tucci P, Mhillaj E, Morgese MG, Colaianna M, Zotti M, Schiavone S, Cicerale M, Trezza V, Campolongo P, Cuomo V, Trabace L. Memantine prevents memory consolidation failure induced by soluble beta amyloid in rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:332. [PMID: 25285073 PMCID: PMC4168698 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well documented that β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide accumulation and aggregation in the brain plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, a new orientation of the amyloid cascade hypothesis has evidenced that soluble forms of the peptide (sAβ) are involved in Aβ-induced cognitive impairment and cause rapid disruption of the synaptic mechanisms underlying memory. The primary aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of sAβ, acutely injected intracerebrally (i.c.v., 4 μM), on the short term and long term memory of young adult male rats, by using the novel object recognition task. Glutamatergic receptors have been proposed as mediating the effect of Aβ on synaptic plasticity and memory. Thus, we also investigated the effects of sAβ on prefrontal cortex (PFC) glutamate release and the specific contribution of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor modulation to the effects of sAβ administration on the cognitive parameters evaluated. We found that a single i.c.v. injection of sAβ 2 h before testing did not alter the ability of rats to differentiate between a familiar and a novel object, in a short term memory test, while it was able to negatively affect consolidation/retrieval of long term memory. Moreover, a significant increase of glutamate levels was found in PFC of rats treated with the peptide 2 h earlier. Interestingly, memory deficit induced by sAβ was reversed by a NMDA-receptor antagonist, memantine (5 mg/kg i.p), administered immediately after the familiarization trial (T1). On the contrary, memantine administered 30 min before T1 trial, was not able to rescue long term memory impairment. Taken together, our results suggest that an acute i.c.v. injection of sAβ peptide interferes with the consolidation/retrieval of long term memory. Moreover, such sAβ-induced effect indicates the involvement of glutamatergic system, proposing that NMDA receptor inhibition might prevent or lead to the recovery of early cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Tucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Foggia Foggia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mhillaj
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Foggia Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Morgese
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Foggia Foggia, Italy
| | - Marilena Colaianna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Margherita Zotti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Foggia Foggia, Italy
| | - Stefania Schiavone
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Cicerale
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Foggia Foggia, Italy
| | - Viviana Trezza
- Department of Sciences, University "Roma Tre" Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Campolongo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, La Sapienza, University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cuomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, La Sapienza, University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Foggia Foggia, Italy
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