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Zhu CW, Schneider LS, Elder GA, Soleimani L, Grossman HT, Aloysi A, Schimming C, Sano M. Neuropsychiatric Symptom Profile in Alzheimer's Disease and Their Relationship With Functional Decline. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2024:S1064-7481(24)00375-0. [PMID: 39013750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding the course of individual neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) and their relationship with function is important for planning targeted interventions for preventing and delaying functional decline. This study aims to disentangle relative contributions of individual NPS on functional decline. METHODS Longitudinal study of 9,358 well-characterized participants with baseline diagnoses of Mild Cognitive Impairment or AD in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set. Function was measured using the Functional Assessment Questionnaire (FAQ). Clinician judgment of seven common behavioral symptoms were examined simultaneously: apathy-withdrawal, depressed mood, visual or auditory hallucinations, delusions, disinhibition, irritability, and agitation. RESULTS Apathy was the most common NPS at baseline (33.7%) and throughout follow-up, endorsed by clinicians in 63.7% of visits. Apathy was the most persistent with 36.7% of participants having clinician-endorsed apathy in ≥50% of their visits. Apathy strongly correlated with faster rate of functional decline. Compared to those who never had apathy, baseline FAQ was worse in those with intermittent or persistent/always apathy (intermittent: estimated coefficient ±SE=1.228±0.210, 95% CI=[0.817, 1.639]; persistent/always: 2.354±0.244 (95% CI=[1.876, 2.832], both p <0.001). Over time, rate of functional decline was faster in those with intermittent and persistent/always apathy (intermittent: 0.454±0.091, 95% CI=[0.276, 0.632]; persistent/always: 0.635±0.102, 95% CI=[0.436, 0.835], both p <0.001). Worse agitation, delusions, and hallucinations also correlated with functional decline, but magnitudes of the estimates were smaller. CONCLUSION Individual NPS may be sensitive targets for tracking longitudinal change in function. The study raises awareness of the need for more comprehensive assessment of functional decline in AD patients with noncognitive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn W Zhu
- Brookdale Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine (CWZ), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; James J Peters VA Medical Center (CWZ, GAE, HTG, CS, MS), Bronx, NY; Department of Psychiatry, (CWZ, GAE, LS, HTG, AA, CS, MS), Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| | - Lon S Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Gerontology (LSS), Keck School of Medicine and Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern, CA
| | - Gregory A Elder
- James J Peters VA Medical Center (CWZ, GAE, HTG, CS, MS), Bronx, NY; Department of Psychiatry, (CWZ, GAE, LS, HTG, AA, CS, MS), Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Laili Soleimani
- Department of Psychiatry, (CWZ, GAE, LS, HTG, AA, CS, MS), Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Hillel T Grossman
- James J Peters VA Medical Center (CWZ, GAE, HTG, CS, MS), Bronx, NY; Department of Psychiatry, (CWZ, GAE, LS, HTG, AA, CS, MS), Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Amy Aloysi
- Department of Psychiatry, (CWZ, GAE, LS, HTG, AA, CS, MS), Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Corbett Schimming
- James J Peters VA Medical Center (CWZ, GAE, HTG, CS, MS), Bronx, NY; Department of Psychiatry, (CWZ, GAE, LS, HTG, AA, CS, MS), Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Mary Sano
- James J Peters VA Medical Center (CWZ, GAE, HTG, CS, MS), Bronx, NY; Department of Psychiatry, (CWZ, GAE, LS, HTG, AA, CS, MS), Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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Adam E, Meiland F, Frielink N, Meinders E, Smits R, Embregts P, Smaling H. User Requirements and Perceptions of a Sensor System for Early Stress Detection in People With Dementia and People With Intellectual Disability: Qualitative Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e52248. [PMID: 38905626 PMCID: PMC11245304 DOI: 10.2196/52248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Timely detection of stress in people with dementia and people with an intellectual disability (ID) may reduce the occurrence of challenging behavior. However, detecting stress is often challenging as many long-term care (LTC) residents with dementia and residents with ID have communication impairments, limiting their ability to express themselves. Wearables can help detect stress but are not always accepted by users and are uncomfortable to wear for longer periods. Integrating sensors into clothing may be a more acceptable approach for users in LTC. To develop a sensor system for early stress detection that is accepted by LTC residents with dementia and residents with ID, understanding their perceptions and requirements is essential. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to (1) identify user requirements for a garment-integrated sensor system (wearable) for early stress detection in people with dementia and people with ID, (2) explore the perceptions of the users toward the sensor system, and (3) investigate the implementation requirements in LTC settings. METHODS A qualitative design with 18 focus groups and 29 interviews was used. Focus groups and interviews were conducted per setting (dementia, ID) and target group (people with dementia, people with ID, family caregivers, health care professionals). The focus groups were conducted at 3 time points within a 6-month period, where each new focus group built on the findings of previous rounds. The data from each round were used to (further) develop the sensor system. A thematic analysis with an inductive approach was used to analyze the data. RESULTS The study included 44 participants who expressed a positive attitude toward the idea of a garment-integrated sensor system but also identified some potential concerns. In addition to early stress detection, participants recognized other potential purposes or benefits of the sensor system, such as identifying triggers for challenging behavior, evaluating intervention effects, and diagnostic purposes. Participants emphasized the importance of meeting specific system requirements, such as washability and safety, and user requirements, such as customizability and usability, to increase user acceptance. Moreover, some participants were concerned the sensor system could contribute to the replacement of human contact by technology. Important factors for implementation included the cost of the sensor system, added value to resident and health care professionals, and education for all users. CONCLUSIONS The idea of a garment-integrated sensor system for early stress detection in LTC for people with dementia and people with ID is perceived as positive and promising by stakeholders. To increase acceptability and implementation success, it is important to develop an easy-to-use, customizable wearable that has a clear and demonstrable added value for health care professionals and LTC residents. The next step involves pilot-testing the developed wearable with LTC residents with dementia and residents with ID in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmee Adam
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- University Network for Care sector Zuid-Holland, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Franka Meiland
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Medicine for Older people, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Noud Frielink
- Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | | | - Reon Smits
- Mentech Innovation B.V., Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Petri Embregts
- Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Hanneke Smaling
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- University Network for Care sector Zuid-Holland, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Shi Y, Dong S, Liang Z, Xie M, Zhang H, Li S, Li J. Affiliate Stigma among family caregivers of individuals with dementia in China: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1366143. [PMID: 38873291 PMCID: PMC11169882 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1366143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Affiliate stigma experienced by family caregivers of individuals with dementia may seriously affect home care and prognosis of these patients. This study aimed to explore the levels of perceived affiliate stigma and its influencing factors among family caregivers of patients with dementia in mainland China, which remains a relatively unexplored topic. Methods In this cross-sectional study, purposive sampling was used to recruit dementia family caregivers from an online communication group between April and May 2022. A total of 727 eligible caregivers were included and asked to complete the demographic questionnaire, the affiliate stigma scale, and the caregiver burden inventory. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression were used to explore the factors that influence perceived affiliate stigma among dementia family caregivers. Results The mean score for affiliate stigma of dementia family caregivers was 48.09 ± 16.38 (range: 22-86). Whether there were regular breaks during patient care, time-dependent burden, developmental burden, physical burden, and social burden were significant factors influencing the affiliate stigma of dementia family caregivers. Conclusion Dementia family caregivers showed a moderate to high level of affiliate stigma. Those who had regular breaks during patient care, higher time-dependent burden, developmental burden, and physical burden and lower social burden exhibited higher levels of affiliate stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shi
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shishi Dong
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiqi Liang
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengting Xie
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanyi Zhang
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sixie Li
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jufang Li
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
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Losada-Baltar A, Mausbach BT, Romero-Moreno R, Jiménez-Gonzalo L, Huertas-Domingo C, Fernandes-Pires JA, Barrera-Caballero S, Gallego-Alberto L, Martín-María N, Olazarán J, Márquez-González M. Longitudinal effects of ambivalent and guilt feelings on dementia family caregivers' depressive symptoms. J Am Geriatr Soc 2024; 72:1431-1441. [PMID: 38485230 PMCID: PMC11090735 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The world prevalence of people with dementia is increasing. Most of the care received by people with dementia is provided by family caregivers, and this prolonged activity has a significant impact on caregivers' levels of depression. Stressors and frequency of leisure are known predictors of caregivers' depressive levels. The longitudinal impact of caregivers' ambivalent and guilt feelings is unknown. METHODS Participants were 177 family caregivers of relatives with dementia who were assessed three times during a 2-year period. In addition to demographic variables, psychological symptoms of the dementias, and frequency of leisure activities, caregivers' ambivalent feelings, guilt, and depressive symptoms were measured. The longitudinal association of changes in these variables with changes in caregivers' depressive symptoms over time was assessed using mixed linear models. RESULTS Changes over time in the assessed variables predicted 48.05% of variance of changes over time in depressive symptoms. Even when variables strongly associated with increased depressive symptoms were controlled (lower caregivers' age and educational level, higher reaction to BPSD, and lower leisure activities), increases in ambivalence and guilt contributed to an increase of 9.22% of the variance of changes depressive symptoms over a 2-year period. The effects of ambivalent feelings on depression are indirect, mediated by guilt feelings. Cessation of caregiving do not seem to alter these findings. CONCLUSIONS Caregivers' ambivalent and guilt feelings are significant predictors of caregivers' mental health. Caregivers may significantly benefit from early detection of ambivalent and guilt feelings and preventive strategies targeting triggers associated with ambivalent and guilt symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brent T Mausbach
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Laura Gallego-Alberto
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Martín-María
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Olazarán
- Departamento de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Márquez-González
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Zhi S, Gao S, Sun J, Ma D, Zhao Y, He M, Zhu X, Dong Y, Aini B, Sun J. Virtual reality-based dementia educational programmes for formal and informal caregivers of people with dementia: A scoping review. J Clin Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38685766 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.17198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
AIM To map evidence of the existing virtual reality-based dementia educational programmes and the effects of these educational programmes on dementia formal and informal caregivers. DESIGN A scoping review. METHODS A comprehensive search of nine databases was conducted to find studies from the inception of the databases to October 2023. Two authors independently screened the titles and abstracts related to the eligibility criteria. Full texts of potentially relevant studies were read by one author and checked by a second. Data extraction and synthesis using NVivo 12 were undertaken by one author and checked by two other authors. RESULTS Nineteen studies published between 2002 and 2022. The four randomised controlled studies and five qualitative studies were of moderate to good methodological quality. The 10 quasi-experimental studies were of weak to moderate quality. Fifteen virtual reality-based educational programmes had a positive influence on formal and informal caregivers, including improving caregivers' perceptions changing attitudes towards people with dementia, while the nursing competence of formal caregivers did not improve in short term. Educational programmes that covered dementia-related information and care strategies better improved the knowledge level of dementia formal and informal caregivers. CONCLUSIONS The qualitative and quantitative studies of moderate to good quality included in this study support the idea that virtual reality-based dementia educational programmes may be a safe and effective way and have potential benefits for improving knowledge, perceptions, attitudes and nursing competence. IMPACT This scoping review will provide an emerging teaching model for formal and informal caregivers of people with dementia and help them better understand the types and the influence of virtual reality-based dementia educational programmes. REPORTING METHOD PRISMA-ScR. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Not required as this review in accordance with the aim to map existing literature from the dementia formal and informal caregivers' perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengze Zhi
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Shizheng Gao
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Sun
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfei Ma
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Zhao
- School of Nursing, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng He
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangning Zhu
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueyang Dong
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Buheliqianmu Aini
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Sun
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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Zhu CW, Grossman HT, Elder GA, Rosen H, Sano M. Apathy in Lewy body disease and its effects on functional impairment over time. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1339190. [PMID: 38313558 PMCID: PMC10835801 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1339190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Apathy strongly affects function in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia, however its effect on function in Lewy Body Disease (LBD) has not been well-described. This study aims to (1) examine the prevalence and persistence of apathy in a large, national cohort of well-characterized patients with LBD, and (2) estimate the effect of apathy on function over time. Methods Study included 676 participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set. Participants were followed for an average of 3.4 ± 1.7 years and consistently had a primary diagnosis of LBD. Apathy was defined by clinician judgment, categorized into four mutually exclusive profiles: (1) never apathetic across all visits, (2) at least one but <50% of visits with apathy (intermittent apathy), (3) ≥50% but not all visits with apathy (persistent apathy), and (4) always apathy across all visits. Dementia severity was measured by baseline Clinical Dementia Rating score. Parkinsonism was defined by the presence of bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, gait, and postural instability. Functional impairment was assessed using the Functional Assessment Questionnaire (FAQ). Results Baseline characteristics of the sample were: average age = 72.9 ± 6.9, years of education = 15.6 ± 3.4, Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) = 24.4 ± 5.4, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) = 3.8 ± 3.2, FAQ = 12.0 ± 9.1. 78.8% were male and 89% were non-Hispanic white. Prevalence of apathy increased from 54.4% at baseline to 65.5% in year 4. 77% of participants had apathy at some point during follow-up. Independent of cognitive status and parkinsonian features, FAQ was significantly higher in participants with intermittent/persistent and always apathetic than never apathetic. Annual rate of decline in FAQ was faster in participants who were always apathetic than never apathy. Discussion In this large national longitudinal cohort of LBD patients with cognitive impairment, apathy was strongly associated with greater functional impairment at baseline and faster rate of decline over time. The magnitude of these effects were clinically important and were observed beyond the effects on function from participants' cognitive status and parkinsonism, highlighting the importance of specifically assessing for apathy in LBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn W. Zhu
- Brookdale Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hillel T. Grossman
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gregory A. Elder
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Howie Rosen
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Mary Sano
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Deo VK, Singh KK, Sinha N, Kumar A, Kumar S. Correlation of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia with patients' sociodemographic & clinical details and caregivers' distress. Ind Psychiatry J 2024; 33:101-107. [PMID: 38853811 PMCID: PMC11155664 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_137_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) influence dementia care significantly. BPSD can be affected by factors related to the patient's illness and socio-cultural background. Aim This study aimed to find a relationship between BPSD with patients' socio-demographic and clinical profiles and their caregivers' distress in a tertiary care center. Materials and Methods In this hospital-based cross-sectional study, the purposive sampling technique was used to select 100 dementia patients. A comprehensive record of socio-demographic and clinical details was made on a self-prepared semi-structured data sheet. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire was the principal tool to find the BPSD and related caregivers' distress. Results The sample comprised predominantly Hindu (91%) male patients (66%) with Alzheimer's dementia (76%) coming from rural backgrounds (74%) and joint familial systems (96%), with a mean age of 71.77 ± 7.41 years. Patients' main caregivers were their children/children-in-law (65%). The severity of an overall BPSD and its variable individual domains were directly related to the duration of dementia, patients' age, their cognitive decline, and related decline in activities of living, as well as their caregivers' distress. In comparison to Alzheimer's disease patients, those with other dementia types had more impairment in cognitive functions and activities of daily living and they had a higher number and severity of BPSD. Conclusion The advancing age, increased duration of dementia, and decline in cognition and related activities of daily living of the patients, as well as their caregivers' distress, are important correlates of BPSD. The findings are essential for the better management of dementia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar Deo
- Department of Psychiatry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Niska Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Abhay Kumar
- Department of Neuro-Medicine, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
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Robinson CG, Coleman T, Buciuc M, Singh NA, Pham NTT, Machulda MM, Graff-Radford J, Whitwell JL, Josephs KA. Behavioral and Neuropsychiatric Differences Across Two Atypical Alzheimer's Disease Variants: Logopenic Progressive Aphasia and Posterior Cortical Atrophy. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:895-908. [PMID: 38143349 PMCID: PMC10842893 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) and logopenic progressive aphasia (LPA) are two common atypical Alzheimer's disease (AD) variants. Little is known about behavioral and neuropsychiatric symptoms or activities of daily living (ADLs) in PCA and LPA, and whether they differ across syndromes. OBJECTIVE To characterize the behavioral and neuropsychiatric profiles and ADLs of PCA and LPA and compare presence/absence and severity of symptoms between syndromes. METHODS Seventy-eight atypical AD patients, 46 with PCA and 32 with LPA, completed the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) and Cambridge Behavioral Inventory-Revised (CBI-R) at baseline and longitudinally over-time. Mann-Whitney U and Fisher's Exact Tests assessed for differences in symptoms between the two syndromes with significance set at p≤0.01. To eliminate demographic differences as confounders the groups were matched, and differences reanalyzed. RESULTS PCA were younger at onset (p = 0.006), at time of baseline assessment (p = 0.02) and had longer disease duration (p = 0.01). Neuropsychiatric symptoms were common in PCA and LPA, although more common and severe in PCA. At baseline, PCA had a higher NPI-Q total score (p = 0.01) and depression subscore (p = 0.01) than LPA. Baseline total CBI-R scores were also higher in PCA than LPA (p = 0.001) with PCA having worse scores in all 10 CBI-R categories. Longitudinally, there was no difference between groups on the NPI-Q. However, on the CBI-R, PCA had faster rates of worsening on self-grooming (p = 0.01) and self-dressing (p = 0.01) compared to LPA. CONCLUSIONS Behavioral and neuropsychiatric symptoms are common in PCA and LPA although these symptoms are more common and severe in PCA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tia Coleman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Marina Buciuc
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | | | | | - Mary M. Machulda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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van den Kieboom R, Snaphaan L, Mark R, van Assen M, Bongers I. The Effects of Neuropsychiatric Symptom Clusters in People with Dementia on Family Caregiver Burden. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:1289-1298. [PMID: 38995773 PMCID: PMC11380262 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Background Neuropsychiatric symptoms are a robust risk factor for caregiver burden in family dementia caregivers. By grouping these symptoms, clinical interpretations regarding neuropsychiatric symptoms may facilitated because different groups of symptoms may require a different approach for intervention, thereby reducing caregiver burden. Objective As clustering of neuropsychiatric symptoms could be clinically relevant, we aimed to explore the effects of these clusters on burden in family dementia caregivers. Methods 152 family dementia caregivers were included. Caregiver burden was measured using the Ervaren Druk door Informele Zorg (EDIZ)/Self-Perceived Pressure from Informal Care, a Dutch questionnaire. Caregivers also reported the neuropsychiatric symptoms and functional impairments in daily activities of the people with dementia they cared for. Multiple regression analyses were used in this cross-sectional study. Results Adjusted for functional impairments and sociodemographic variables, neuropsychiatric symptoms were associated with more caregiver burden (p < 0.001). However, this association did not differ between the three neuropsychiatric symptom clusters (p = 0.745). Conclusions Neuropsychiatric symptoms were associated with more family caregiver burden, but no conclusive evidence was found that this association differed for the three clusters. Clustering of neuropsychiatric symptoms is, however, worth exploring further in future studies with more participants. If specific links are found, these could be targeted in clinical practice in order to prevent, reduce and/or postpone caregiver burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin van den Kieboom
- Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Archipel Zorggroep, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Liselore Snaphaan
- Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Research Unit Evidence Based Management of Innovation, Mental Health Care Institute Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth Mark
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel van Assen
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Department of Sociology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Bongers
- Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Archipel Zorggroep, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Pacas Fronza G, Byrne G, Appadurai K, Pachana N, Dissanayaka NNW. Anxiety Symptoms in Australian Memory Clinic Attendees with Cognitive Impairment: Differences Between Self-, Carer-, and Clinician-Report Measures. Clin Gerontol 2024; 47:215-223. [PMID: 37409742 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2023.2231940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the prevalence of anxiety symptoms using a variety of instruments in an Australian memory clinic sample. METHODS This is an exploratory cross-sectional study using a purposive consecutive series sample of 163 individuals and their carers who attended a Brisbane, Australia, memory clinic in 2012-2015. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were performed to explore different approaches to measuring anxiety in the sample, using clinician-rated, self-report and carer-report measures. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 78 years, nearly 53% were females. Over 70% of participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia (n = 163) experienced mild to moderate anxiety per a clinician-rated measure (HAM-A), which moderately correlated with carer-report anxiety (IQAD; rs =.59, p < .001). Only weak correlations of these measures with self-report anxiety (GAI) were detected. CONCLUSIONS Mild to moderate anxiety symptoms were frequent in memory clinic attendees diagnosed with MCI or dementia using the HAM-A, suggesting experiences of subclinical anxiety symptoms. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Self- as well as carer-report screening tools should be used in memory clinics in addition to routinely administered neuropsychiatric assessments to support early identification of anxiety symptoms and mapping of available post-diagnostic care pathways for people diagnosed with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Pacas Fronza
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Gerard Byrne
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
- Mental Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia
- Academy of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Kana Appadurai
- Geriatric and Rehabilitation Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia
| | - Nancy Pachana
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nadeeka N W Dissanayaka
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia
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11
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Frank B, Walsh M, Hurley L, Groh J, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Tripodis Y, Budson AE, O'Connor MK, Martin B, Weller J, McKee A, Qiu W, Stein TD, Stern RA, Mez J, Henson R, Long J, Aschenbrenner AJ, Babulal GM, Morris JC, Schindler S, Alosco ML. Cognition Mediates the Association Between Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Amyloid and P-Tau and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:1055-1073. [PMID: 38995786 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Background Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) can be an early manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the associations among NPS, cognition, and AD biomarkers across the disease spectrum are unclear. Objective We analyzed cross-sectional mediation pathways between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of AD (Aβ1-42, p-tau181), cognitive function, and NPS. Methods Primary models included 781 participants from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) data set who had CSF analyzed for AD biomarkers using Lumipulse. NPS were assessed with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q). We assessed cognition with the harmonized MMSE/MoCA, as well as neuropsychological tests sensitive to AD pathology: story recall, naming, animal fluency, and Trails B. The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR®) scale assessed dementia severity. Mediation models were estimated with Kemeny metric covariance in a structural equation model framework, controlling for age, education, sex, and APOEɛ4. Results The sample was older adults (M = 73.85, SD = 6.68; 49.9% male, 390; 27.9% dementia, 218) who were predominantly white (n = 688, 88.1%). Higher p-tau181/Aβ1-42 ratio predicted higher NPI-Q, which was partially mediated by the MMSE/MoCA and, in a second model, story recall. No other pathway was statistically significant. Both the MMSE/MoCA and NPI-Q independently mediated the association between p-tau181/Aβ1-42 ratio and CDR global impairment. With dementia excluded, p-tau181/Aβ1-42 ratio was no longer associated with the NPI-Q. Conclusions NPS may be secondary to cognitive impairment and AD pathology through direct and indirect pathways. NPS independently predict dementia severity in AD. However, AD pathology likely plays less of a role in NPS in samples without dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Frank
- U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Walsh
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Landon Hurley
- U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jenna Groh
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew E Budson
- U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maureen K O'Connor
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- VA Bedford Healthcare System, U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Brett Martin
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason Weller
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ann McKee
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wendy Qiu
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thor D Stein
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert A Stern
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Henson
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center (ADRC), Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Justin Long
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center (ADRC), Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew J Aschenbrenner
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center (ADRC), Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ganesh M Babulal
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center (ADRC), Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center (ADRC), Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Suzanne Schindler
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center (ADRC), Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael L Alosco
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Sutin AR, Luchetti M, Stephan Y, Terracciano A. Informant-rated change in personality traits, psychological distress, well-being, and social connection with dementia. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 115:105218. [PMID: 37837789 PMCID: PMC10646812 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies of retrospective personality change with dementia consistently find caregivers report large changes in personality (e.g., increases in neuroticism) of their care recipients compared to before dementia. This work seeks to replicate the established pattern of personality change, extend it to change in psychological distress, well-being, and social connection, and evaluate whether changes vary by stage of dementia. METHODS Caregivers of people with dementia (N = 188) reported on the psychological and social health of their care recipient currently and how they were before they developed dementia. Personality was measured as five factor model traits. Psychological distress was measured as symptoms of depression and anxiety, perceived stress, and pessimism. Psychological well-being was measured as purpose in life, life satisfaction, happiness, self-efficacy, and optimism. Social connection was measured as loneliness, belonging, social support, and social strain. RESULTS There were substantial increases in neuroticism (d = 1.14) and decreases in the other four personality traits (d range=-0.85 to -1.37). There were significant increases in psychological distress (e.g., d = 1.07 for depression) and substantial decreases in well-being (e.g., d=-1.18 for purpose in life) and social connection (e.g., d=-1.12 for belonging). Change was apparent across dementia stage and generally larger in more severe dementia. DISCUSSION In addition to personality, there are large retrospective changes in psychological distress, well-being, and social connection with dementia. These quantitative findings complement clinical observations of the natural history of psychosocial changes in people with dementia, and can inform families, clinicians, and researchers on commonly observed changes and improve interventions to mitigate dementia burden.
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13
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Connors MH, Teixeira-Pinto A, Ames D, Woodward M, Brodaty H. Apathy and depression in mild cognitive impairment: distinct longitudinal trajectories and clinical outcomes. Int Psychogeriatr 2023; 35:633-642. [PMID: 36715000 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610222001089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Apathy is a common symptom in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and may predict progression to dementia. Little research, however, has investigated the longitudinal trajectory of apathy in patients with MCI or controlled for depression, which can mimic apathy, when examining its clinical correlates. The current study sought to address these issues. DESIGN A prospective longitudinal study was conducted over 3 years. SETTING Nine memory clinics around Australia. PARTICIPANTS One hundred and eighty-five patients with MCI at baseline. MEASUREMENTS Measures of cognition, function, neuropsychiatric symptoms, caregiver burden, and medication use were completed annually with additional assessments at 3 and 6 months. Patients were also assessed for dementia by expert clinicians at these time points. RESULTS Of 164 patients who completed measures of neuropsychiatric symptoms, 59 (36.0%) had apathy and 61 (37.2%) had depression. The proportion affected by apathy and overall apathy scores increased over time, in contrast to measures of depression, which remained relatively stable. Apathy was associated with incident dementia and worse cognition, function, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and caregiver burden independent of both depression and incident dementia. Depression was associated with worse function, albeit to lesser degree than apathy, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Apathy increases in MCI and is associated with worse clinical outcomes. These findings provide further evidence for apathy as a marker of clinical decline in older people and poorer outcomes across neurocognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- University of Melbourne Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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14
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Angioni D, Raffin J, Ousset PJ, Delrieu J, de Souto Barreto P. Fatigue in Alzheimer's disease: biological basis and clinical management-a narrative review. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:1981-1989. [PMID: 37395951 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02482-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue is a common symptom in neurodegenerative diseases and is associated with decreased cognitive performances. A full knowledge of the causes and physiopathological pathways leading to fatigue in Alzheimer's disease could help treating this symptom and obtain positive effects on cognitive functions. OBJECTIVES To provide an overview of the clinical conditions and the biological mechanisms leading to fatigue in Alzheimer's disease patients. To review the recent advances on fatigue management and describe the landscape of future possibilities. METHODS We performed a narrative review including all type of studies (e.g. cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis, reviews, clinical trials). RESULTS We found very few studies considering the symptom fatigue in Alzheimer's disease patients. Populations, designs, and objectives varied across studies rendering comparability across studies difficult to perform. Results from cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis suggest that the amyloid cascade may be involved in the pathogenesis of fatigue and that fatigue may be a prodromal manifestation of Alzheimer's disease. Fatigue and neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's disease could share common brain signatures (i.e. hippocampal atrophy and periventricular leukoaraiosis). Some mechanisms of aging (i.e. inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, telomere shortening) may be proposed to play a common underlying role in Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration and muscle fatigability. Considering treatments, donepezil has been found to reduce cognitive fatigue in a 6-week randomized controlled study. Fatigue is frequently reported as an adverse event in patients treated by anti-amyloid agents in clinical trials. CONCLUSION The literature is actually inconclusive about the main causes of fatigue in Alzheimer's disease individuals and its potential treatments. Further research is needed to disentangle the role of several components such as comorbidities, depressive symptoms, iatrogenic factors, physical decline and neurodegeneration itself. Given the clinical relevance of this symptom, it seems to be important to systematically assess fatigue by validated tools in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Angioni
- Gérontopôle of Toulouse, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France.
| | - Jeremy Raffin
- Gérontopôle of Toulouse, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-Jean Ousset
- Gérontopôle of Toulouse, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Delrieu
- Gérontopôle of Toulouse, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France
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15
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Carey M, Mansfield E, Cameron E, Boyes A, Browne W, Dizon J, Sanson-Fisher R. Depression and thoughts of self-harm and suicide among people living with dementia: results of a cross-sectional survey. Psychogeriatrics 2023; 23:773-780. [PMID: 37341205 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is common among people with dementia. Despite most people with dementia living in the community, there have been few investigations of self-reported depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among community-dwelling people with dementia in Australia. This study aimed to explore the proportion of people with mild, moderate and severe levels of depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation among a sample of people living with dementia in Australia. Correlates of reporting depressive symptoms were also explored. METHODS Adults diagnosed with dementia by a medical professional who were English speaking and community-dwelling were asked to complete a paper and pencil survey. Those who were unable to provide independent consent were excluded. Depression was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale -15, and suicidal ideation was assessed using two study-specific items. Multivariable analyses examined quality of life, unmet needs and sociodemographic factors associated with having a score of five or more on the Geriatric Depression Scale-15. RESULTS Ninety-four people participated in the study. Thirty-seven percent (n = 35) reported some level of depressive symptoms, with most of these (21%, n = 20) classified as having mild depressive symptoms. Five participants (5%) reported they had had thoughts of being better off dead or hurting themselves, while three (3%) reported having had a plan to end their life. For each additional unmet need, the odds of being depressed increased by 25%(P < 0.001). For each point increase in quality of life, the odds of being depressed decreased by 48% (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The high proportion of people with dementia who report depressive symptoms suggests the need to routinely assess depressive symptoms among this group. There may also be benefits in assessing unmet needs and addressing these where possible as part of an approach to reducing depression among people living with dementia in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Carey
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elise Mansfield
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emilie Cameron
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Allison Boyes
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - William Browne
- Eastern Health, Maroondah Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason Dizon
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rob Sanson-Fisher
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
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16
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Collins JD, Henley SMD, Suárez-González A. A systematic review of the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and apathy in frontotemporal dementia, atypical and young-onset Alzheimer's disease, and inherited dementia. Int Psychogeriatr 2023; 35:457-476. [PMID: 32684177 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610220001118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Depression, anxiety, and apathy are the most commonly reported neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Understanding their prevalence in rarer dementias such as frontotemporal dementia (FTD), primary progressive aphasia (PPA), posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), young-onset AD (YOAD), and inherited dementias has implications for both clinical practice and research. In this study, we aimed to examine the current state of knowledge of the prevalence of these three NPS in less prevalent dementias. DESIGN We conducted a systematic review based on searches of EMBASE, PsycINFO, and PubMed up to September 2019. RESULTS 47 articles meeting inclusion criteria were identified. Depression, anxiety, and apathy were commonly reported across the phenotypes studied but their prevalence showed large variation between studies. Apathy showed the highest reported frequency in FTD (50-100% across studies), behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) (73-100%), and YOAD (44-100%). Anxiety was frequently reported in FTD (0-100%) and bvFTD (19-63%). Depression showed the highest prevalence in FTD (7-69%) and YOAD (11-55%). Among the three variants of PPA, sv-PPA is the one most investigated (seven articles). Three or fewer articles were identified examining NPS in the remaining PPA variants, PCA, familial AD, and familial FTD. Inconsistency in the tools used to measure symptoms and small sample sizes were common methodological limitations. CONCLUSIONS Future studies should consider the inclusion of larger sample sizes (e.g. through multicenter collaborations) and the use of harmonized protocols that include the combination of caregiver and patient-derived measures and symptom-specific questionnaires. More research is needed on the phenotype-specific barriers and facilitators for people living with dementia to successfully engage in self-reports of NPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Collins
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Susie M D Henley
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Aida Suárez-González
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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Sutin AR, Luchetti M, Stephan Y, Terracciano A. Informant-rated change in personality traits, psychological distress, well-being, and social connection with dementia. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.08.18.23294273. [PMID: 37645921 PMCID: PMC10462197 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.18.23294273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Studies of retrospective personality change with dementia consistently find caregivers report large changes in personality (e.g., increases in neuroticism) of their care recipients compared to before dementia. This work seeks to replicate the established pattern of personality change, extend it to change in psychological distress, well-being, and social connection, and evaluate whether changes vary by stage of dementia. Methods Caregivers of people with dementia (N=194) reported on the psychological and social health of their care recipient currently and how they were before they developed dementia. Personality was measured as five factor model traits. Psychological distress was measured as symptoms of depression and anxiety, perceived stress, and pessimism. Psychological well-being was measured as purpose in life, life satisfaction, happiness, self-efficacy, and optimism. Social connection was measured as loneliness, belonging, social support, and social strain. Results There were substantial increases in neuroticism (d=1.10) and decreases in the other four personality traits (d range=-.82 to -1.31). There were significant increases in psychological distress (e.g., d=1.05 for depression) and substantial decreases in well-being (e.g., d=-1.07 for purpose in life) and social connection (e.g., d=-1.09 for belonging). Change was apparent across dementia stage and generally larger in more severe dementia. Discussion In addition to personality, there are large retrospective changes in psychological distress, well-being, and social connection with dementia. These quantitative findings complement clinical observations of the natural history of psychosocial changes in people with dementia, and can inform families, clinicians, and researchers on commonly observed changes and improve interventions to mitigate dementia burden.
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18
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Behfar Q, Richter N, Kural M, Clemens A, Behfar SK, Folkerts AK, Fassbender R, Kalbe E, Fink GR, Onur OA. Improved connectivity and cognition due to cognitive stimulation in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1140975. [PMID: 37662551 PMCID: PMC10470843 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1140975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the increasing prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the limited efficacy of pharmacological treatment, the interest in non-pharmacological interventions, e.g., cognitive stimulation therapy (CST), to improve cognitive dysfunction and the quality of life of AD patients are on a steady rise. Objectives Here, we examined the efficacy of a CST program specifically conceptualized for AD dementia patients and the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive or behavioral benefits of CST. Methods Using neuropsychological tests and MRI-based measurements of functional connectivity, we examined the (neuro-) psychological status and network changes at two time points: pre vs. post-stimulation (8 to 12 weeks) in the intervention group (n = 15) who received the CST versus a no-intervention control group (n = 15). Results After CST, we observed significant improvement in the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale, cognitive subsection (ADAS-cog), and the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) scores. These cognitive improvements were associated with an up-regulated functional connectivity between the left posterior hippocampus and the trunk of the left postcentral gyrus. Conclusion Our data indicate that CST seems to induce short-term global cognition and behavior improvements in mild to moderate AD dementia and enhances resting-state functional connectivity in learning- and memory-associated brain regions. These convergent results prove that even in mild to moderate dementia AD, neuroplasticity can be harnessed to alleviate cognitive impairment with CST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qumars Behfar
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Juelich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nils Richter
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Juelich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Merve Kural
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne Clemens
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Kambiz Behfar
- Department of Information Systems, Geneva School of Business Administration (HES-SO Genéve), Carouge, Switzerland
| | - Ann-Kristin Folkerts
- Medical Psychology Neuropsychology and Gender Studies and Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ronja Fassbender
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Juelich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elke Kalbe
- Medical Psychology Neuropsychology and Gender Studies and Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gereon R. Fink
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Juelich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oezguer A. Onur
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Juelich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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19
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Dolphin H, Dyer AH, McHale C, O'Dowd S, Kennelly SP. An Update on Apathy in Alzheimer's Disease. Geriatrics (Basel) 2023; 8:75. [PMID: 37489323 PMCID: PMC10366907 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics8040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Apathy is a complex multi-dimensional syndrome that affects up to 70% of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whilst many frameworks to define apathy in AD exist, most include loss of motivation or goal-directed behaviour as the central feature. Apathy is associated with significant impact on persons living with AD and their caregivers and is also associated with accelerated cognitive decline across the AD spectrum. Neuroimaging studies have highlighted a key role of fronto-striatial circuitry including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), orbito-frontal cortex (OFC) and associated subcortical structures. Importantly, the presence and severity of apathy strongly correlates with AD stage and neuropathological biomarkers of amyloid and tau pathology. Following from neurochemistry studies demonstrating a central role of biogenic amine neurotransmission in apathy syndrome in AD, recent clinical trial data suggest that apathy symptoms may improve following treatment with agents such as methylphenidate-which may have an important role alongside emerging non-pharmacological treatment strategies. Here, we review the diagnostic criteria, rating scales, prevalence, and risk factors for apathy in AD. The underlying neurobiology, neuropsychology and associated neuroimaging findings are reviewed in detail. Finally, we discuss current treatment approaches and strategies aimed at targeting apathy syndrome in AD, highlighting areas for future research and clinical trials in patient cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Dolphin
- Tallaght Institute of Memory and Cognition, Tallaght University Hospital, D24NR0A Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D08W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adam H Dyer
- Tallaght Institute of Memory and Cognition, Tallaght University Hospital, D24NR0A Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D08W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cathy McHale
- Tallaght Institute of Memory and Cognition, Tallaght University Hospital, D24NR0A Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean O'Dowd
- Tallaght Institute of Memory and Cognition, Tallaght University Hospital, D24NR0A Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Neurology, Tallaght University Hospital, D24NR0A Dublin, Ireland
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, D02R590 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean P Kennelly
- Tallaght Institute of Memory and Cognition, Tallaght University Hospital, D24NR0A Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D08W9RT Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D08W9RT Dublin, Ireland
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20
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Alb'ool B, Abu Khait A. The presence and severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms and their association with quality of life among patients with dementia. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2023; 28:307-325. [PMID: 37665567 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2023.2255342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common manifestations of dementia. The presence and severity of these symptoms differ depending on different personal and contextual factors. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the presence and predictors of neuropsychiatric symptoms and the association between the severity of these symptoms and the quality of life in a sample of patients with dementia in Jordan. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 112 patients with dementia residing in Jordanian nursing homes were recruited using the consecutive sampling method. RESULTS The mean severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms was 9.58. The most prevalent neuropsychiatric symptoms among patients were depression (61.6%), followed by irritability (55.4%), and a feeling of euphoria (54.5%). The regression analysis results indicated that gender, marital status, and dementia severity significantly predicted the neuropsychiatric symptoms severity score and explained 17.70% of the variance. A significant negative correlation between the severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms and quality of life was found. CONCLUSION The study's results indicate that our sample reported mild neuropsychiatric symptoms. These symptoms' high prevalence and persistence negatively impact patients' quality of life. The study's results can help mental health nurses determine the factors impacting effective treatment strategies to combat these symptoms. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to help explain the importance of early diagnosis and management of these symptoms in preventing dementia progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banan Alb'ool
- Department of Health Care, Vocational Training Corporation, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Abdallah Abu Khait
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
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21
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Castelblanco Toro SM, Jurado Delgado J, Meneses Bernal JF, Santacruz Escudero JM, Santamaria-García H. Fear of Falling as a Behavioral Symptom in Neurocognitive Impaired Patients: Evidence from an Underrepresented Population. J Alzheimers Dis 2023:JAD230266. [PMID: 37393502 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fear of falling (FoF) is a condition associated with falls, multi-morbidity, and functional impairment. To date it remains unknow which clinical, somatic, socio-demographic, behavioral, and emotional factors are associated with FoF and how these factors interact in people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). OBJECTIVE Identify the association of FoF with clinical, socio-demographic, and neuropsychiatric factors in patients with AD and bvFTD. METHODS We evaluated 98 participants, 58 with AD and 40 with bvFTD at mild or moderate stages and assess FoF using the Falls Efficacy Scale-International. Additionally, we analyzed cognitive, physical performance variables, functional impairment, and affective and behavioral symptoms associated with FoF using standardized scales and a regression model analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of FoF in AD and bvFTD was 51% and 40%, respectively. In the AD group, physical performance [F (3, 53) = 4.318, p = 0.009], the behavioral symptoms model [F (19, 38) = 3.314, p = 0.001], and the anxiety model [F (1, 56) = 13.4, p≤0.01] showed statistically significant values. In addition, the presence of hallucinations assessed with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and social behavior assessed with the Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist were significant. In contrast, in the bvFTD group, a homologous group of models was evaluated but we did not find any significant results. CONCLUSION FoF in people with AD was related to physical performance, neuropsychiatric symptoms such as apathy and hallucinations, and affective symptoms such as anxiety. However, this pattern was not seen in the bvFTD group, and therefore further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Milena Castelblanco Toro
- Institute of Aging of the Faculty of Medicine of the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Psychiatry Department, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Intellectus Memory and Cognition Center, San Ignacio University Hospital, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Janeth Jurado Delgado
- Universidad del Valle (Univalle), Clínica alta complejidad Santa Bárbara, Palmira, Colombia
| | | | - José Manuel Santacruz Escudero
- Institute of Aging of the Faculty of Medicine of the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Intellectus Memory and Cognition Center, San Ignacio University Hospital, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Hernando Santamaria-García
- Psychiatry Department, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Intellectus Memory and Cognition Center, San Ignacio University Hospital, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
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22
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Ozzoude M, Varriano B, Beaton D, Ramirez J, Adamo S, Holmes MF, Scott CJM, Gao F, Sunderland KM, McLaughlin P, Goubran M, Kwan D, Roberts A, Bartha R, Symons S, Tan B, Swartz RH, Abrahao A, Saposnik G, Masellis M, Lang AE, Marras C, Zinman L, Shoesmith C, Borrie M, Fischer CE, Frank A, Freedman M, Montero-Odasso M, Kumar S, Pasternak S, Strother SC, Pollock BG, Rajji TK, Seitz D, Tang-Wai DF, Turnbull J, Dowlatshahi D, Hassan A, Casaubon L, Mandzia J, Sahlas D, Breen DP, Grimes D, Jog M, Steeves TDL, Arnott SR, Black SE, Finger E, Rabin J, Tartaglia MC. White matter hyperintensities and smaller cortical thickness are associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms in neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:114. [PMID: 37340319 PMCID: PMC10280981 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01257-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are a core feature of most neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. White matter hyperintensities and brain atrophy have been implicated in NPS. We aimed to investigate the relative contribution of white matter hyperintensities and cortical thickness to NPS in participants across neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. METHODS Five hundred thirteen participants with one of these conditions, i.e. Alzheimer's Disease/Mild Cognitive Impairment, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Frontotemporal Dementia, Parkinson's Disease, or Cerebrovascular Disease, were included in the study. NPS were assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory - Questionnaire and grouped into hyperactivity, psychotic, affective, and apathy subsyndromes. White matter hyperintensities were quantified using a semi-automatic segmentation technique and FreeSurfer cortical thickness was used to measure regional grey matter loss. RESULTS Although NPS were frequent across the five disease groups, participants with frontotemporal dementia had the highest frequency of hyperactivity, apathy, and affective subsyndromes compared to other groups, whilst psychotic subsyndrome was high in both frontotemporal dementia and Parkinson's disease. Results from univariate and multivariate results showed that various predictors were associated with neuropsychiatric subsyndromes, especially cortical thickness in the inferior frontal, cingulate, and insula regions, sex(female), global cognition, and basal ganglia-thalamus white matter hyperintensities. CONCLUSIONS In participants with neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases, our results suggest that smaller cortical thickness and white matter hyperintensity burden in several cortical-subcortical structures may contribute to the development of NPS. Further studies investigating the mechanisms that determine the progression of NPS in various neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miracle Ozzoude
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower, 60 Leonard Avenue, 6th floor 6KD-407, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
- L.C. Campbell Cognitive Neurology Unit, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brenda Varriano
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower, 60 Leonard Avenue, 6th floor 6KD-407, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Derek Beaton
- Data Science & Advanced Analytic, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joel Ramirez
- L.C. Campbell Cognitive Neurology Unit, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sabrina Adamo
- Graduate Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa F Holmes
- L.C. Campbell Cognitive Neurology Unit, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher J M Scott
- L.C. Campbell Cognitive Neurology Unit, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fuqiang Gao
- L.C. Campbell Cognitive Neurology Unit, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Maged Goubran
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Donna Kwan
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Angela Roberts
- Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Bartha
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sean Symons
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Tan
- Rotman Research Institute of Baycrest Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard H Swartz
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Heart & Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Agessandro Abrahao
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gustavo Saposnik
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mario Masellis
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Edmond J Safra Program for Parkinson Disease, Movement Disorder Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Connie Marras
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Edmond J Safra Program for Parkinson Disease, Movement Disorder Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lorne Zinman
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christen Shoesmith
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Borrie
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Corinne E Fischer
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Frank
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Morris Freedman
- Rotman Research Institute of Baycrest Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Manuel Montero-Odasso
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Lawsone Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen Pasternak
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen C Strother
- Rotman Research Institute of Baycrest Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bruce G Pollock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tarek K Rajji
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dallas Seitz
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - David F Tang-Wai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Memory Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John Turnbull
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dar Dowlatshahi
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ayman Hassan
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Leanne Casaubon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Mandzia
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- St. Joseph's Healthcare Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Demetrios Sahlas
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - David P Breen
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Grimes
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mandar Jog
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas D L Steeves
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen R Arnott
- Rotman Research Institute of Baycrest Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra E Black
- L.C. Campbell Cognitive Neurology Unit, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Heart & Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Finger
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Rabin
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Carmela Tartaglia
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower, 60 Leonard Avenue, 6th floor 6KD-407, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Memory Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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23
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Cannizzaro A, Ronat L, El Haffaf LM, Hanganu A. Associations between neuropsychiatric symptoms of affective and vegetative domains and brain morphology in aging people with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 38:e5952. [PMID: 37351584 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are common in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and even more in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The symptom-based cluster including nighttime disturbances, depression, appetite changes, anxiety, and apathy (affective and vegetative symptoms) was associated with an increased risk of dementia in MCI and has common neuroanatomical associations. Our objective was to investigate the differences in brain morphology associations with affective and vegetative symptoms between three groups: cognitively normal older adults (CN), MCI and AD. MATERIAL AND METHODS Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative data of 223 CN, 367 MCI and 175 AD, including cortical volumes, surface areas and thicknesses and severity scores of the five NPS were analyzed. A whole-brain vertex-wise general linear model was performed to test for intergroup differences (CN-MCI, CN-AD, AD-MCI) in brain morphology associations with five NPS. Multiple regressions were conducted to investigate cortical change as a function of NPS severity in the AD-MCI contrast. RESULTS We found (1) signature differences in nighttime disturbances associations with prefrontal regions in AD-MCI, (2) signature differences in NPS associations with temporal regions in AD-MCI for depression and in CN-AD for anxiety, (3) decreased temporal metrics in MCI as nighttime disturbances and depression severity increased, (4) decreased pars triangularis metrics in AD as nighttime disturbances and apathy severity increased. CONCLUSION Each NPS seems to have a signature on brain morphology. Affective and vegetative NPS were primarily associated with prefrontal and temporal regions. These signatures open the possibility of potential future assessments of links between brain morphology and NPS on an individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Cannizzaro
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculté des Arts et des Sciences, Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lucas Ronat
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lyna Mariam El Haffaf
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculté des Arts et des Sciences, Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandru Hanganu
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculté des Arts et des Sciences, Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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24
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Sánchez-Nieto D, Castaño-Castaño S, Navarro-Martos R, Obrero-Gaitán E, Cortés-Pérez I, Nieto-Escamez F. An Intervention on Anxiety Symptoms in Moderate Alzheimer's Disease through Virtual Reality: A Feasibility Study and Lessons Learned. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20032727. [PMID: 36768091 PMCID: PMC9915234 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Although cognitive impairment is considered the core deficit of dementia, anxiety disorders also have a negative influence on the social and daily life of the affected population. We have explored the exposure of relaxing scenarios in immersive Virtual Reality (iVR) as an intervention strategy for people with moderate Alzheimer's disease. (2) Methods: Three participants were recruited from a day center to participate in a five-week study, which included a Pre- and Post-evaluation with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire (NPI-Q), Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR), Global Deterioration Scale (GDS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the anxiety subdomain of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Participants' heart rate, oxygen saturation, arterial pressure, and respiratory rate were also monitored during intervention sessions. Three virtual scenarios from Nature Treks VR were used as the intervention over three weeks (a total of nine sessions). (3) Results: Post-intervention anxiety assessment showed a light reduction in psychological anxiety in the HARS questionnaire. A light reduction in heart rate was also observed during the exposure to iVR. (4) Discussion: The use of virtual scenarios was a satisfactory experience for all the participants. Preliminary data point to a relaxing effect of iVR scenarios and a potential reduction in psychological anxiety, but further research is required to confirm the efficacy of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Sánchez-Nieto
- VIVALDI Day Stay Unit, Avda. Reino de España 184, Roquetas de Mar, 04740 Almería, Spain
| | | | - Remedios Navarro-Martos
- Department Psychology, University of Almería, Carretera del Sacramento S/N, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Esteban Obrero-Gaitán
- Department Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas S/N, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Irene Cortés-Pérez
- Department Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas S/N, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Francisco Nieto-Escamez
- Department Psychology, University of Almería, Carretera del Sacramento S/N, 04120 Almería, Spain
- Center for Neuropsychological Assessment and Rehabilitation (CERNEP), University of Almería, Carretera del Sacramento S/N, 04120 Almería, Spain
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25
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Drazich BF, Boltz M, Kuzmik A, Galik E, Kim N, McPherson R, Holmes S, Resnick B. The association of physical activity and behavioral and psychological symptoms among a sample of hospitalized older adults living with dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 38:e5885. [PMID: 36734152 PMCID: PMC10495074 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to: (1) describe the prevalence of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in hospitalized older adults living with dementia and (2) examine the association of physical activity and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia among hospitalized older adults living with dementia, after controlling for covariates. METHODS Physical activity was measured using the Physical Activity Survey and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia were measured using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Descriptive analysis and multiple linear regressions were run using baseline data on 294 older adults with dementia hospitalized on general medical units from an ongoing study entitled Function Focused Care for Acute Care Using the Evidence Integration Triangle. RESULTS Participants performed an average of 7.92 (SD = 4.49) of 34 possible activities "in the last 24 h" prior to the Physical Activity Survey administration. A total of 132 participants (45.5%) had at least one behavioral and psychological symptom of dementia. We found that physical activity was not associated with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (b = 0.01; p = 0.56), after controlling for covariates. CONCLUSIONS Although this study found no evidence of an association between physical activity and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, evidence of physical activity did not exacerbate these behaviors. Thus, given the benefits of physical activity, it is important to continue to encourage patients living with dementia to engage in activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany F. Drazich
- School of Nursing, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marie Boltz
- School of Nursing, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ashley Kuzmik
- School of Nursing, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth Galik
- School of Nursing, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nayeon Kim
- School of Nursing, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel McPherson
- School of Nursing, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah Holmes
- School of Nursing, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Barbara Resnick
- School of Nursing, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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26
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Connors MH, Teixeira-Pinto A, Loy CT. Apathy and Depression in Huntington's Disease: Distinct Longitudinal Trajectories and Clinical Correlates. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 35:69-76. [PMID: 36128678 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.21070191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disease resulting in motor disturbances, dementia, and psychiatric symptoms. Apathy is a common manifestation and rated as one of the most impactful by patients and caregivers. It can often be difficult to distinguish from depression because of shared features and frequent overlap. This study examined the longitudinal trajectories and clinical correlates of apathy and depression. METHODS Data were drawn from the Cooperative Huntington Observational Research Trial, a prospective, multicenter observational study that recruited 1,082 patients with HD. Measures of cognition, function, neuropsychiatric symptoms, motor function, and medication use were completed annually over 5 years. RESULTS Overall, 423 patients (39%) showed evidence of apathy at study baseline, and both the prevalence and overall severity of apathy increased over time. Depression, by contrast, affected a similar proportion at baseline, although levels remained relatively stable over the study. Apathy was associated with worse cognition, function, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and motor symptoms. Depression was associated with worse neuropsychiatric symptoms, suicidal ideation, and independence but not other outcomes after control for other variables. CONCLUSIONS Apathy in HD increased over time and was associated with worse clinical outcomes. These associations were independent of depression and other clinical variables. The findings highlight the need to distinguish between apathy and depression given their distinct implications for prognosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Connors
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Connors); Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney (Teixeira-Pinto, Loy); Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, and The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia, and Huntington Disease Service, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia (Loy)
| | - Armando Teixeira-Pinto
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Connors); Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney (Teixeira-Pinto, Loy); Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, and The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia, and Huntington Disease Service, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia (Loy)
| | - Clement T Loy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Connors); Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney (Teixeira-Pinto, Loy); Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, and The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia, and Huntington Disease Service, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia (Loy)
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27
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Kapustin D, Zarei S, Wang W, Binns MA, McLaughlin PM, Abrahao A, Black SE, Borrie M, Breen D, Casaubon L, Dowlatshahi D, Finger E, Fischer CE, Frank A, Freedman M, Grimes D, Hassan A, Jog M, Kwan D, Lang A, Levine B, Mandzia J, Marras C, Masellis M, Orange JB, Pasternak S, Peltsch A, Pollock BG, Rajji TK, Roberts A, Sahlas D, Saposnik G, Seitz D, Shoesmith C, Southwell A, Steeves TDL, Sunderland K, Swartz RH, Tan B, Tang-Wai DF, Tartaglia MC, Troyer A, Turnbull J, Zinman L, Kumar S. Neuropsychiatric Symptom Burden across Neurodegenerative Disorders and its Association with Function. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2023; 68:347-358. [PMID: 36637224 DOI: 10.1177/07067437221147443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are prevalent in neurodegenerative disorders, however, their frequency and impact on function across different disorders is not well understood. We compared the frequency and severity of NPS across Alzheimer's disease (AD) (either with mild cognitive impairment or dementia), Cerebrovascular disease (CVD), Parkinson's disease (PD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and explored the association between NPS burden and function. METHODS We obtained data from Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative (ONDRI) that included following cohorts: AD (N = 111), CVD (N = 148), PD (N = 136), FTD (N = 50) and ALS (N = 36). We compared the frequency and severity of individual NPS (assessed by the neuropsychiatric inventory questionnaire) across cohorts using generalized estimating equations and analysis of variance. Second, we assessed the relationship of NPS burden with instrumental (iADLs) and basic (ADLs) activities of living across cohorts using multivariate linear regression while adjusting for relevant demographic and clinical covariates. RESULTS Frequency of NPS varied across cohorts (χ2(4) = 34.4, p < .001), with post-hoc tests showing that FTD had the greatest frequency as compared to all other cohorts. The FTD cohort also had the greatest severity of NPS (H(4) = 34.5, p < .001). Further, there were differences among cohorts in terms of the association between NPS burden and ADLs (F(4,461) = 3.1, p = 0.02). Post-hoc comparisons suggested that this finding was driven by the FTD group, however, the differences did not remain significant following Bonferroni correction. There were no differences among cohorts in terms of the association between NPS burden and IADLs. CONCLUSIONS NPS frequency and severity are markedly greater in FTD as compared to other neurodegenerative diseases. Further, NPS burden appears to be associated differently with function across neurodegenerative disorders, highlighting the need for individualized clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kapustin
- 7938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,7978Adult Neurodevelopmental and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shadi Zarei
- 7938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,7978Adult Neurodevelopmental and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wei Wang
- 7978Adult Neurodevelopmental and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Malcolm A Binns
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Agessandro Abrahao
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, 71545Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Neurology), 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra E Black
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, 71545Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Neurology), 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Unit, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - David Breen
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Leanna Casaubon
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dar Dowlatshahi
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Corinne E Fischer
- 7938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michaels Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Frank
- 6363University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,152971Bruyere Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Morris Freedman
- Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Neurology), 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Grimes
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ayman Hassan
- Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, 26627Northern Ontario School of Medicine, ON, Canada
| | - Mandar Jog
- University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Donna Kwan
- 4257Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony Lang
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Neurology), 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disesase and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Levine
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Connie Marras
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Neurology), 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disesase and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mario Masellis
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, 71545Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Neurology), 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph B Orange
- Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, Western University, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen Pasternak
- University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute and the Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Bruce G Pollock
- 7938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,7978Adult Neurodevelopmental and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tarek K Rajji
- 7938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,7978Adult Neurodevelopmental and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dementia Research Alliance, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Roberts
- School of Communication, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.,School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Gustavo Saposnik
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dallas Seitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Christen Shoesmith
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Thomas D L Steeves
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Neurology), 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,6363University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kelly Sunderland
- Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard H Swartz
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Neurology), 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,71545Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Tan
- Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David F Tang-Wai
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Neurology), 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network Memory Clinic, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Carmela Tartaglia
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Neurology), 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Angela Troyer
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Neuropsychology and Cognitive Health Program, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Lorne Zinman
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, 71545Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Neurology), 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Sanjeev Kumar
- 7938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,7978Adult Neurodevelopmental and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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28
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Li YQ, Yin ZH, Zhang XY, Chen ZH, Xia MZ, Ji LX, Liang FR. Non-pharmacological interventions for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1039752. [PMID: 36523873 PMCID: PMC9744934 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1039752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dementia patients often experience behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD), which severely affect their quality of life and activities of daily living. Non-pharmacological interventions are effective in treating BPSD, according to multiple clinical trials and systematic reviews. However, the optimal non-pharmacological treatment remains controversial. Therefore, the study aims to evaluate and compare multiple non-pharmacological methods for treating BPSD in order to identify the optimal non-pharmacological intervention. Objective This study aims to perform a systematic review and network meta-analysis of evidence on non-pharmacological interventions in the treatment of BPSD, which may potentially guide future research and clinical decisions. Methods In order to select potentially relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 10 academic databases and 3 clinical trial registries will be systematically searched from inception until the 1 October 2022. Two researchers will independently extract information from eligible articles. The primary outcome is the severity of BPSD. Herein, Pairwise and Bayesian network meta-analyses will be conducted utilizing STATA 15.0 and ADDIS 1.16.8. Evidence quality will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Results Results from this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals or conference reports. Discussion In this study, we aim to comparatively assess the efficacy of various non-pharmacological treatments for BPSD. Findings from this review will help clinicians to make evidence-based treatment decisions. Systematic review registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD42022352095].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qin Li
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zi-Han Yin
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin-Yue Zhang
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Chen
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Man-Ze Xia
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lai-Xi Ji
- The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Fan-Rong Liang
- School of Acu-Mox and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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29
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Carbone E, Piras F, Pellegrini FF, Caffarra P, Borella E. Individual differences among older adults with mild and moderate dementia in social and emotional loneliness and their associations with cognitive and psychological functioning. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:859. [DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03517-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Loneliness is a major health issue among older adults. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between loneliness, in its social and emotional facets, and the cognitive (language), and behavioral/psychological functioning as well as quality of life (QoL) in people with mild and moderate dementia, i.e., considering dementia severity as an individual characteristic.
Methods
This cross-sectional study involved 58 people with mild dementia and 55 people with moderate dementia. Participants completed the Social and Emotional Loneliness scale, along with measures assessing their language skills, the frequency and severity of their behavioral and psychological symptoms, and their QoL.
Results
Socio-demographic characteristics and depression, but not loneliness or its social and emotional facets, contributed to explain participants’ behavioral and psychological symptoms, regardless of dementia severity. Loneliness explained, though to a small extent (8% of variance), language skills in people with moderate dementia, with social loneliness only accounting for language skills (18% of variance) in this group. Loneliness also modestly accounted for dysphoria symptoms in both the mildly and moderately impaired (6% and 5% of variance, respectively) individuals with social loneliness predicting dysphoric mood in the former group only (7% of variance). Loneliness also explained, to a larger extent, QoL in both the mildly impaired and moderately impaired individuals (27% and 20% of variance, respectively), its social facet predicting QoL in the mildly impaired (30% of variance), and its emotional facet in the moderately impaired (21% of variance) group.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that loneliness and its facets have a clear impact on perceived QoL, and influence the language skills and dysphoria symptoms of people with dementia, to a degree that depends on dementia severity. The assessment of loneliness and its facets in people with dementia considering dementia severity, and the promotion of social inclusion to reduce it should be considered by professionals.
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30
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Werner NE, Rutkowski RA, Holden RJ, Ponnala S, Gilmore-Bykovskyi A. A human factors and ergonomics approach to conceptualizing care work among caregivers of people with dementia. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2022; 104:103820. [PMID: 35689868 PMCID: PMC9392469 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Society relies upon informal (family, friend) caregivers to provide much of the care to the estimated 43.8 million individuals living with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias globally. Caregivers rarely receive sufficient training, resources, or support to meet the demands associated with dementia care, which is often associated with increased risk of suboptimal outcomes. Human factors and ergonomics (HFE) can address the call for new approaches to better understand caregiving and support caregiver performance through systematic attention to and design of systems that support the work of caregivers- their care work. Thus, our objective was to perform a work system analysis of care work. We conducted a qualitative study using a Critical Incident Technique interviewing approach and Grounded Dimensional Analysis analytic procedures. Our findings introduce a new conceptual framework for understanding the care work system of dementia caregivers and suggest that care work is influenced by interactions among distinct caregiver goals, the task demands of the care needs of the person with dementia, daily life needs of the caregiver and family, and contextual factors that shape caregivers' perceptions surrounding care. The initial work system model produced by this study provides a foundation from which future work can further elucidate the care work system, determine how the care work system intersects and coordinates with other work systems such as the patient work system, and design systems that address caregivers' individual caregiving context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Werner
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.
| | - Rachel A Rutkowski
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.
| | | | - Siddarth Ponnala
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.
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31
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Otsuka R. Diet, nutrition, and cognitive function: A narrative review of Japanese longitudinal studies. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22:825-831. [PMID: 36002912 PMCID: PMC9805113 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In aging societies, the number of older people with cognitive decline and dementia is increasing. Proper nutrition is a key factor that can help in the prevention of these age-related impairments. This narrative review of longitudinal studies in Japan outlines the relationship between nutrition and the brain and focuses on Japanese nutritional epidemiologic studies. The results of Japanese cohort studies suggest that rather than a single food or nutrient, a nutritionally balanced diet that integrates a variety of foods and nutrients can contribute to the maintenance of brain function and be effective in preventing dementia. In addition, this review considers a nutritional approach to reducing the severity of cognitive decline in individuals with mild cognitive impairment and dementia, and suggests lifelong strategies for the prevention of cognitive decline. It is important that we consider the practice of eating not only as a way to obtain nutrients, but also as an important lifestyle habit to maintain our physical and mental health. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 825-831.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Otsuka
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research InstituteNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyAichiJapan
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32
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Losada-Baltar A, Kishita N, Jiménez-Gonzalo L, Fernandes-Pires J, Huertas-Domingo C, Contreras M, Van Hout E, Olazarán J, Martínez-Huertas JÁ, Márquez-González M. Cross-cultural analysis of the role of ambivalent feelings for understanding caregivers' depressive symptoms. Aging Ment Health 2022:1-6. [PMID: 36052973 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2116407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are considered to cause ambivalent feelings in caregivers that may contribute to understanding their depressive symptoms. Transnational research is needed in order to increase our knowledge about the cross-cultural equivalence of theoretical models to understand caregivers' mental health. The aim of this study was to cross-culturally analyze the association between BPSD, ambivalent feelings and depressive symptoms in two samples of family caregivers of people with dementia from Spain and the UK. METHODS Participants in this study were 432 caregivers who completed measures of BPSD, ambivalent feelings and depressive symptoms. The association between the assessed variables was tested through path-analysis, with differences between countries tested through multigroup analysis. RESULTS The results suggest that the influence of BPSD on caregivers' depressive symptoms is indirect, through ambivalent feelings. The observed associations were equivalent between countries and explained a significant percentage of the variance of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION The findings of this study provide, for the first time, evidence of equivalent cross-cultural paths analyzing the role of ambivalent feelings for understanding caregivers' depressive symptoms. The practical implications of these results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naoko Kishita
- School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | | | - Milena Contreras
- School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Elien Van Hout
- School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Javier Olazarán
- Department of Neurology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ángel Martínez-Huertas
- Department of Methodology of Behavioral Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Márquez-González
- Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Connors MH, Teixeira-Pinto A, Ames D, Woodward M, Brodaty H. Distinguishing apathy and depression in dementia: A longitudinal study. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2022; 57:884-894. [PMID: 35968798 DOI: 10.1177/00048674221114597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Apathy is a common symptom in dementia, though can be difficult to distinguish from depression due to shared features and frequent co-occurrence. As such, a significant limitation of much previous research on apathy is the failure to control for depression. The current study sought to address this by examining the trajectory and clinical correlates of apathy after controlling for depression. METHODS Seven hundred and seventy-nine patients with dementia were recruited from nine memory clinics around Australia. Measures of dementia severity, cognition, functional ability, neuropsychiatric symptoms, caregiver burden and medication use were completed at baseline and at regular intervals over a 3-year period. Driving and institutionalisation data were obtained throughout the study. Mortality data were obtained from state registries 8 years after baseline. RESULTS Of the 662 patients with completed measures of neuropsychiatric symptoms, 342 (51.7%) had apathy and 332 (50.2%) had depression at baseline, while 212 (32.0%) had both. Whereas apathy increased over time, depression remained relatively stable. Apathy, but not depression, was associated with greater dementia severity, poorer cognition and function, driving cessation and mortality. Both apathy and depression were associated with greater neuropsychiatric symptoms, psychosis, caregiver burden and institutionalisation. CONCLUSIONS Apathy increases over the course of dementia and is associated with worse clinical outcomes independent of depression. Distinguishing apathy and depression appears important given their different implications for prognosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Connors
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Engelsma T, Yurt A, Dröes RM, Jaspers MWM, Peute LW. Expert appraisal and prioritization of barriers to mHealth use for older adults living with Alzheimer's disease and related Dementias: A Delphi study. Int J Med Inform 2022; 166:104845. [PMID: 35973365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2022.104845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Older adults living with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) can benefit from mHealth innovations in (daily) care. However, successful implementation and adoption of such innovations can be hindered by a lack of inclusive design. Inclusive design can be challenging, due to the variety of ADRD- and aging-related symptoms that can pose barriers to using mHealth. Previously, a literature-based model with 53 barriers to mHealth use for this population has been developed ("MHealth for OLder adults living with DEMentia - USability" or MOLDEM-US). In this study, we aim to prioritize these through a Delphi study with ADRD experts (case managers, informal caregivers, hospital healthcare professionals, district nurses, and researchers). METHODS In the first round, participant characteristics and potentially new insights into barriers to mHealth use for older adults living with ADRD were gathered. The consensus questionnaire was submitted in the second round, containing barriers to mHealth use for this population (from MOLDEM-US) with questions inquiring its impact and frequency. In the third round, participants rejudged those barriers for which no consensus (<51 %) or minor consensus (51 % - 60 %) was reached. RESULTS Thirty-seven participants completed the three rounds of the study. Consensus was reached for eleven barriers after the second round, all having major impact and frequency: integration of functions during daily activities, perceived complexity, efficiency in seeing benefits, trust in own ability, restlessness and agitation, computer literacy, self confidence in using wearables, learnability, working memory, and visual acuity. CONCLUSION After round three, consensus was achieved for all 53 barriers. Twenty-six barriers are considered to majorly affect mHealth use, most of which relate to cognition and frame of mind. This study contributes to the development of mHealth design guidelines that take into account the progressive and diverse ADRD- and aging-related symptoms negatively affecting mHealth implementation and adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Engelsma
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Informatics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Aging & Later Life, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Center for Human Factors Engineering of Health Information Technology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Ahsen Yurt
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Informatics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rose-Marie Dröes
- Amsterdam Public Health, Aging & Later Life, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Monique W M Jaspers
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Informatics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Aging & Later Life, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Center for Human Factors Engineering of Health Information Technology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Linda W Peute
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Informatics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Aging & Later Life, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Center for Human Factors Engineering of Health Information Technology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Schein J, Houle CR, Urganus AL, Jones E, Pike J, Husbands J, Willey CJ. The Impact of Agitation in Dementia on Caregivers: A Real-World Survey. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:663-677. [PMID: 35694920 PMCID: PMC9398061 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Dementia patients frequently depend on caregivers. Agitation is a common behavioral dementia symptom particularly burdensome to patients and caregivers. Objective: To assess the association of agitation severity with non-professional caregiver hours, burden, health status, and productivity. Secondarily, to assess the association of agitation severity with these outcomes for patients receiving remote (not living with the patient) and proximate (living with the patient) caregiving. Methods: A retrospective analysis of physician and non-professional caregiver-reported data from a US point-in-time survey. Patients were aged ≥50 years, with early cognitive impairment or dementia. Regression analyses compared outcomes by agitation severity; covariates included age, sex, and clinical characteristics. Results: Data were included for 1,349 patients (non-agitated n = 656, agitated n = 693; no care n = 305, remote care n = 248, proximate care n = 691; unknown care n = 105). Greater agitation was significantly associated (p < 0.05) in all caregivers with increasing: Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) Total Caregiver Burden, Personal Strain, Role Strain, and Guilt; Work Productivity and Activity Index (WPAI) presenteeism, overall work impairment, and total activity impairment. Higher ZBI Total Caregiver Burden, Personal Strain, and Role Strain were associated with greater agitation in proximate caregivers and higher ZBI Guilt associated with greater agitation in remote caregivers (p < 0.05). Higher WPAI presenteeism and total activity impairment were associated (p < 0.05) with greater agitation in proximate caregivers. Caregiving hours increased with increasing agitation for proximate caregiving (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Greater agitation severity was associated with higher caregiver burden and lower productivity, with higher indirect costs a likely outcome of agitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Schein
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cynthia J. Willey
- Division of Health Outcomes, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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36
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Scuteri D, Contrada M, Loria T, Tonin P, Sandrini G, Tamburin S, Nicotera P, Bagetta G, Corasaniti MT. Pharmacological Treatment of Pain and Agitation in Severe Dementia and Responsiveness to Change of the Italian Mobilization–Observation–Behavior–Intensity–Dementia (I-MOBID2) Pain Scale: Study Protocol. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050573. [PMID: 35624960 PMCID: PMC9139373 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Up to 80% of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients in nursing homes experiences chronic pain and 97% develops fluctuant neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS). Agitation, associated with unrelieved pain, is managed through antipsychotics and may increase the risk of death. Evidence is accumulating in favor of analgesia for a safer, effective therapy of agitation. The Italian version of Mobilization–Observation–Behavior–Intensity–Dementia, I-MOBID2, recently validated in the Italian setting, shows: good scale content validity index (0.89), high construct validity (Spearman rank-order correlation Rho = 0.748), reliable internal consistency (Cronbach’s α coefficient = 0.751), good-excellent inter-rater (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.778) and test-retest (ICC = 0.902) reliability, and good inter-rater and test-retest agreement (Cohen’s K = 0.744) with 5.8 min completion time. This study intends to identify the responsiveness of the I-MOBID2 based on COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) recommendations, assessing the a priori hypotheses of (1) the efficacy of painkillers administered to severe AD patients after proper pain assessment and (2) the effect of reduction of the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) score and of agitation rescue medications. This protocol is approved by Calabria Region Ethics Committee protocol No. 31/2017 and follows the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiana Scuteri
- Pharmacotechnology Documentation and Transfer Unit, Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
- Regional Center for Serious Brain Injuries, S. Anna Institute, 88900 Crotone, Italy; (M.C.); (P.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marianna Contrada
- Regional Center for Serious Brain Injuries, S. Anna Institute, 88900 Crotone, Italy; (M.C.); (P.T.)
| | | | - Paolo Tonin
- Regional Center for Serious Brain Injuries, S. Anna Institute, 88900 Crotone, Italy; (M.C.); (P.T.)
| | - Giorgio Sandrini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, IRCCS C. Mondino Foundation Neurologic Institute, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Stefano Tamburin
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy;
| | - Pierluigi Nicotera
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53111 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Giacinto Bagetta
- Pharmacotechnology Documentation and Transfer Unit, Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
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McKenna M, Brown LJE, Berry K. Formulation‐led care in care homes: Staff perspectives on this psychological approach to managing behaviour in dementia care. Int J Older People Nurs 2022; 17:e12465. [PMID: 35403365 PMCID: PMC9541292 DOI: 10.1111/opn.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Design Method Results Conclusion Implications for Practice
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan McKenna
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health School of Health Sciences Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Laura J. E. Brown
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health School of Health Sciences Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Katherine Berry
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health School of Health Sciences Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester Manchester UK
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Jenkins LM, Wang L, Rosen H, Weintraub S. A transdiagnostic review of neuroimaging studies of apathy and disinhibition in dementia. Brain 2022; 145:1886-1905. [PMID: 35388419 PMCID: PMC9630876 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apathy and disinhibition are common and highly distressing neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with negative outcomes in persons with dementia. This paper is a critical review of functional and structural neuroimaging studies of these symptoms transdiagnostically in dementia of the Alzheimer type, which is characterized by prominent amnesia early in the disease course, and behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, characterized by early social-comportmental deficits. We describe the prevalence and clinical correlates of these symptoms and describe methodological issues, including difficulties with symptom definition and different measurement instruments. We highlight the heterogeneity of findings, noting however, a striking similarity of the set of brain regions implicated across clinical diagnoses and symptoms. These regions involve several key nodes of the salience network, and we describe the functions and anatomical connectivity of these brain areas, as well as present a new theoretical account of disinhibition in dementia. Future avenues for research are discussed, including the importance of transdiagnostic studies, measuring subdomains of apathy and disinhibition, and examining different units of analysis for deepening our understanding of the networks and mechanisms underlying these extremely distressing symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne M Jenkins
- Correspondence to: Lisanne Jenkins 710 N Lakeshore Drive, Suite 1315 Chicago, IL 60611, USA E-mail:
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Howie Rosen
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA 94158
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA,Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA 60611
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39
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Adewuyi M, Morales K, Lindsey A. Impact of Experiential Dementia Care Learning on Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes of Nursing Students: A Systematic Literature Review. Nurse Educ Pract 2022; 62:103351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2022.103351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Castillo-García IM, López-Álvarez J, Osorio R, Olazarán J, Ramos García MI, Agüera-Ortiz L. Clinical Trajectories of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Mild-Moderate to Advanced Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:861-875. [PMID: 35147532 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is high prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) among dementia patients. NPS are correlated with dementia progression, functional decline, early institutionalization, and death. There is scarce evidence on the progression of NPS in the latest stages of dementia. OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of NPS in mild-moderate to severe dementia and to reveal the progression of each NPS over time. METHODS We studied 317 patients (77.3% female, average age: 81.5 years) with a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of dementia. This is a cross-sectional, and a prospective longitudinal study with 78-month follow-up. We assessed cognitive status (Mini-Mental State Examination and Severe Mini-Mental State Examination), dementia severity (Global Deterioration Scale and Clinical Dementia Rating), and psychopathological measures (Neuropsychiatric Inventory, APADEM-Nursing Home, Apathy Inventory, Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, and Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory). RESULTS Overall prevalence of NPS was 94.6%, being apathy the most prevalent (66.7%) and the one whose severity increased the most with progression of dementia. Agitation/aggression, irritability, and sleeping and eating disorders also increased over time. Delusions and depressive symptoms decreased in severity with disease progression. In severe dementia, female displayed more severe depressive symptoms and eating disorders, while male displayed more agitation/aggression and sleep disturbances. CONCLUSION NPS in dementia follow a heterogeneous course. Apathy is the most prevalent NPS and the one that worsens most significantly over time. The course of some NPS differs between sexes. Further research is required to understand the evolution of NPS at advanced stages of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M Castillo-García
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 deOctubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge López-Álvarez
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 deOctubre, Madrid, Spain.,Alzheimer's Centre Reina Sofia-CIEN Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Osorio
- Alzheimer's Centre Reina Sofia-CIEN Foundation, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Javier Olazarán
- Alzheimer's Centre Reina Sofia-CIEN Foundation, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Neurología, HGU Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria I Ramos García
- Alzheimer's Centre Reina Sofia-CIEN Foundation, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Agüera-Ortiz
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 deOctubre, Madrid, Spain.,Alzheimer's Centre Reina Sofia-CIEN Foundation, Madrid, Spain.,Centro deInvestigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
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41
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Apathy as a Treatment Target in Alzheimer's Disease: Implications for Clinical Trials. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2022; 30:119-147. [PMID: 34315645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Apathy is one of the most prevalent, stable and persistent neuropsychiatric symptom across the neurocognitive disorders spectrum. Recent advances in understanding of phenomenology, neurobiology and intervention trials highlight apathy as an important target for clinical intervention. We conducted a comprehensive review and critical evaluation of recent advances to determine the evidence-based suggestions for future trial designs. This review focused on 4 key areas: 1) pre-dementia states; 2) assessment; 3) mechanisms/biomarkers and 4) treatment/intervention efficacy. Considerable progress has been made in understanding apathy as a treatment target and appreciating pharmacological and non-pharmacological apathy treatment interventions. Areas requiring greater investigation include: diagnostic procedures, symptom measurement, understanding the biological mechanisms/biomarkers of apathy, and a well-formed approach to the development of treatment strategies. A better understanding of the subdomains and biological mechanisms of apathy will advance apathy as a treatment target for clinical trials.
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42
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Lu X, Ye R, Wu J, Rao D, Liao X. Comparing Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia and Caregiver Distress Caused Between Older Adults With Dementia Living in the Community and in Nursing Homes. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:881215. [PMID: 35651819 PMCID: PMC9150772 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.881215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate differences in behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and caregiver distress caused between older adults with dementia living in the community and in nursing homes. DESIGN A comparative cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Participants were recruited from outpatient clinics of a tertiary psychiatric hospital and dementia units of a nursing home in Guangzhou, China. METHODS Neuropsychiatric Inventory was used to assess symptoms and caregiver distress. Dementia severity was determined using the Clinical Dementia Rating. RESULTS This study included 157 community and 112 nursing home residents with dementia. Clinically significant symptoms (item score ≥ 4) were found in 88.5% of the former and 75% of the latter. Caregivers of 79.6% of the former and 26.8% of the latter reported that at least one of these caused them moderate-to-severe distress (distress score ≥ 3). Among the community patients, anxiety was the most frequent "very severe" symptom, while sleep disorders and agitation caused the most frequent "very severe" caregiver distress. After controlling for dementia severity and medication use, family caregiving remained an independent risk predictor for clinically significant symptoms and moderate-to-severe caregiver distress. The prediction of caregiver distress based on symptom scores varied across caregiver types and individual symptoms (R2 0.36-0.82). Group differences in clinically significant symptoms and moderate-to-severe caregiver distress showed at the stage of moderate-to-severe dementia. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Tailored management strategies to relieve family caregivers' BPSD-induced distress are needed, especially at the stage of moderate-to-severe dementia. An effective service system should be established for supporting family caregivers to cope with BPSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Lu
- Department of Nursing, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Nursing School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Ye
- Department of Nursing, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Nursing School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jialan Wu
- Department of Nursing, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongping Rao
- Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liao
- Department of Nursing, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Nursing School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Sabatini S, Bennett HQ, Martyr A, Collins R, Gamble LD, Matthews FE, Pentecost C, Dawson E, Hunt A, Parker S, Allan L, Burns A, Litherland R, Quinn C, Clare L. Minimal Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health and Wellbeing of People Living With Dementia: Analysis of Matched Longitudinal Data From the IDEAL Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:849808. [PMID: 35370851 PMCID: PMC8965515 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.849808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research suggests a decline in the mental health and wellbeing of people with dementia (PwD) during the COVID-19 pandemic; however few studies have compared data collected pre-pandemic and during the pandemic. Moreover, none have compared this change with what would be expected due to dementia progression. We explored whether PwD experienced changes in mental health and wellbeing by comparing pre-pandemic and pandemic data, and drew comparisons with another group of PwD questioned on two occasions prior to the pandemic. METHODS Community-dwelling PwD enrolled in the IDEAL programme were split into two groups matched for age group, sex, dementia diagnosis, and time since diagnosis. Although each group was assessed twice, one was assessed prior to and during the pandemic (pandemic group; n = 115) whereas the other was assessed prior to the pandemic (pre-pandemic group; n = 230). PwD completed measures of mood, sense of self, wellbeing, optimism, quality of life, and life satisfaction. RESULTS Compared to the pre-pandemic group, the pandemic group were less likely to report mood problems, or be pessimistic, but more likely to become dissatisfied with their lives. There were no changes in continuity in sense of self, wellbeing, and quality of life. DISCUSSION Results suggest the pandemic had little effect on the mental health and wellbeing of PwD, with any changes observed likely to be consistent with expected rates of decline due to dementia. Although personal accounts attest to the challenges experienced, PwD appear to have been resilient to the impact of lockdown and social restrictions during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Sabatini
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Q Bennett
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Martyr
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Collins
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Laura D Gamble
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona E Matthews
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Pentecost
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Dawson
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Hunt
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Parker
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Allan
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair Burns
- School of Social Sciences, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Litherland
- Innovations in Dementia Community Interest Company (CIC), Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Quinn
- Centre for Applied Dementia Studies, Bradford University, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Clare
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration South-West Peninsula, London, United Kingdom
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Liu CS, Herrmann N, Song BX, Ba J, Gallagher D, Oh PI, Marzolini S, Rajji TK, Charles J, Papneja P, Rapoport MJ, Andreazza AC, Vieira D, Kiss A, Lanctôt KL. Exercise priming with transcranial direct current stimulation: a study protocol for a randomized, parallel-design, sham-controlled trial in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:677. [PMID: 34863115 PMCID: PMC8645072 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02636-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive type of brain stimulation that uses electrical currents to modulate neuronal activity. A small number of studies have investigated the effects of tDCS on cognition in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and have demonstrated variable effects. Emerging evidence suggests that tDCS is most effective when applied to active brain circuits. Aerobic exercise is known to increase cortical excitability and improve brain network connectivity. Exercise may therefore be an effective, yet previously unexplored primer for tDCS to improve cognition in MCI and mild AD. Methods Participants with MCI or AD will be randomized to receive 10 sessions over 2 weeks of either exercise primed tDCS, exercise primed sham tDCS, or tDCS alone in a blinded, parallel-design trial. Those randomized to an exercise intervention will receive individualized 30-min aerobic exercise prescriptions to achieve a moderate-intensity dosage, equivalent to the ventilatory anaerobic threshold determined by cardiopulmonary assessment, to sufficiently increase cortical excitability. The tDCS protocol consists of 20 min sessions at 2 mA, 5 times per week for 2 weeks applied through 35 cm2 bitemporal electrodes. Our primary aim is to assess the efficacy of exercise primed tDCS for improving global cognition using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Our secondary aims are to evaluate the efficacy of exercise primed tDCS for improving specific cognitive domains using various cognitive tests (n-back, Word Recall and Word Recognition Tasks from the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale) and neuropsychiatric symptoms (Neuropsychiatric Inventory). We will also explore whether exercise primed tDCS is associated with an increase in markers of neurogenesis, oxidative stress and angiogenesis, and if changes in these markers are correlated with cognitive improvement. Discussion We describe a novel clinical trial to investigate the effects of exercise priming before tDCS in patients with MCI or mild AD. This proof-of-concept study may identify a previously unexplored, non-invasive, non-pharmacological combination intervention that improves cognitive symptoms in patients. Findings from this study may also identify potential mechanistic actions of tDCS in MCI and mild AD. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03670615. Registered on September 13, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina S Liu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 3K1, Canada.,Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Bing Xin Song
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 3K1, Canada.,Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Joycelyn Ba
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Damien Gallagher
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Paul I Oh
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Program, KITE - Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, 347 Rumsey Road, Toronto, ON, M5G 1R7, Canada
| | - Susan Marzolini
- Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Program, KITE - Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, 347 Rumsey Road, Toronto, ON, M5G 1R7, Canada
| | - Tarek K Rajji
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, 80 Workman Way, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada.,Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Charles
- Family & Community Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Purti Papneja
- Family & Community Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Mark J Rapoport
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Ana C Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 3K1, Canada
| | - Danielle Vieira
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Alex Kiss
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Krista L Lanctôt
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 3K1, Canada. .,Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada. .,Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Program, KITE - Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, 347 Rumsey Road, Toronto, ON, M5G 1R7, Canada.
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Taraldsen K, Helbostad JL, Follestad T, Bergh S, Selbæk G, Saltvedt I. Gait, physical function, and physical activity in three groups of home-dwelling older adults with different severity of cognitive impairment - a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:670. [PMID: 34852786 PMCID: PMC8638089 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02598-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The research on associations between gait, physical function, physical activity (PA), and cognitive function is growing. Still, clinical assessments of cognitive function and motor function is often kept separate. In this study, we aimed to look at a broad range of measures of gait, physical function, and PA in three groups of home-dwelling older adults with no or questionable dementia, mild dementia, and moderate/severe dementia. Methods This cross-sectional study included 100 home-dwelling older adults, recruited from an outpatient geriatric memory clinic. Severity of dementia was categorised using the clinical dementia rating scale (CDR), with no or questionable dementia (CDR score 0 and 0.5), mild dementia (CDR score 1) and moderate/severe dementia (CDR score 2 and 3). We used thigh worn accelerometers to measure daily PA, the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) to measure physical function, and an electronic gait mat to evaluate gait characteristics. Associations between severity of dementia and measures of PA, physical function, and gait characteristics were assessed by linear regression. Results Participants’ (mean age 78.9 (SD 6.7) years, 57% women) average gait speed was 0.93 m/sec, and average upright time was 301 min/day. Statistically significant associations were found for the severity of dementia and gait speed (p=0.002), step time (p=0.001), physical function (SPPB, p=0.007), and PA (upright time, p=0.031), after adjusting for age. Overall, having no or questionable dementia was associated with faster gait speed (mean difference 0.163 (95% CI: 0.053 to 0.273)), shorter step time (-0.043 (-0.082 to -0.005)), better SPPB score (1.7 (0.5 to 2.8)), and longer upright time (78.9 (18.9 to 139.0)), compared to those with mild dementia. Furthermore, having no or questionable dementia was also associated with faster gait speed and better SPPB scores, as compared to those with moderate to severe dementia. No evidence of any differences was found between the participants with the mild dementia versus the moderate to severe dementia. Conclusions After adjusting for age, we found that the no or questionable dementia group to be associated with better gait and physical function, and more PA, as compared with the two groups with mild or moderate/severe dementia. Evaluation of gait, physical function, and PA can add clinically important information of everyday functioning in memory clinics meeting geriatric patients, but investigations on how to use these results to guide interventions are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Taraldsen
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway. .,Clinic of Clinical Service, St Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Jorunn L Helbostad
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Turid Follestad
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sverre Bergh
- Research Centre for Age-related Functional Decline and Disease, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway.,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Geir Selbæk
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingvild Saltvedt
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Geriatrics, St Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Outen JD, Burhanullah H, Vandrey R, Amjad H, Harper DG, Patrick RE, May RL, Agronin ME, Forester BP, Rosenberg PB. Cannabinoids for Agitation in Alzheimer's Disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 29:1253-1263. [PMID: 33573996 PMCID: PMC8313629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Agitation is a common neuropsychiatric symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that greatly impacts quality of life and amplifies caregiver burden. Agitation in AD may be associated with volume loss in the anterior cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, insula, amygdala, and frontal cortex, as well as with degeneration of monoaminergic neurotransmission, disrupted circadian rhythms, and frailty. Current pharmacologic options have troubling safety concerns and only modest efficacy. There is increasing interest in cannabinoids as promising agents due to preclinical and early clinical research that suggest cannabinoids can elicit anxiolytic, antidepressant, and/or anti-inflammatory effects. Cannabinoids may relieve agitation by regulating neurotransmitters, improving comorbidities and circadian rhythms, and increasing cerebral circulation. Here we discuss the possible contributory mechanisms for agitation in AD and the therapeutic relevance of cannabinoids, including CBD and THC.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D. Outen
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Haroon Burhanullah
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Ryan Vandrey
- Behavioral Pharmacology Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Halima Amjad
- Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - David G. Harper
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, McLean Hospital,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
| | - Regan E. Patrick
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, McLean Hospital,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
| | - Rose L. May
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, McLean Hospital
| | - Marc E. Agronin
- Department of Mental Health and Clinical Research, Miami Jewish Health
| | - Brent P. Forester
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, McLean Hospital,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
| | - Paul B. Rosenberg
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
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Vipin A, Satish V, Saffari SE, Koh W, Lim L, Silva E, Nyu MM, Choong TM, Chua E, Lim L, Ng ASL, Chiew HJ, Ng KP, Kandiah N. Dementia in Southeast Asia: influence of onset-type, education, and cerebrovascular disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:195. [PMID: 34847922 PMCID: PMC8630908 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00936-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Southeast Asia represents 10% of the global population, yet little is known about regional clinical characteristics of dementia and risk factors for dementia progression. This study aims to describe the clinico-demographic profiles of dementia in Southeast Asia and investigate the association of onset-type, education, and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) on dementia progression in a real-world clinic setting.
Methods
In this longitudinal study, participants were consecutive series of 1606 patients with dementia from 2010 to 2019 from a tertiary memory clinic from Singapore. The frequency of dementia subtypes stratified into young-onset (YOD; <65 years age-at-onset) and late-onset dementia (LOD; ≥65 years age-at-onset) was studied. Association of onset-type (YOD or LOD), years of lifespan education, and CVD on the trajectory of cognition was evaluated using linear mixed models. The time to significant cognitive decline was investigated using Kaplan-Meier analysis.
Results
Dementia of the Alzheimer’s type (DAT) was the most common diagnosis (59.8%), followed by vascular dementia (14.9%) and frontotemporal dementia (11.1%). YOD patients accounted for 28.5% of all dementia patients. Patients with higher lifespan education had a steeper decline in global cognition (p<0.001), with this finding being more pronounced in YOD (p=0.0006). Older patients with a moderate-to-severe burden of CVD demonstrated a trend for a faster decline in global cognition compared to those with a mild burden.
Conclusions
There is a high frequency of YOD with DAT being most common in our Southeast Asian memory clinic cohort. YOD patients with higher lifespan education and LOD patients with moderate-to-severe CVD experience a steep decline in cognition.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nursing home (NH) residents with dementia is exposed to high rates of psychotropic prescriptions. Our objectives were to: (1) pool the prevalence estimates of psychotropic polypharmacy from the existing literature and (2) examine potentially influential factors that are related to a higher or lower prevalence. DESIGN Meta-analysis of data collected from randomized trials, quasi-experimental, prospective or retrospective cohort, and cross-sectional studies. English-language searches of PubMed and PsycINFO were completed by November 2020. Included studies reported prevalence estimates of psychotropic polypharmacy (i.e. defined as either two-or-more or three-or-more medications concurrently) in NH residents with dementia. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS NH residents with dementia. MEASUREMENTS Random-effects models were used to pool the prevalence of psychotropic polypharmacy in NH residents with dementia across studies. Estimates were provided for both two-or-more and three-or-more concurrent medications. Heterogeneity and publication bias were measured. Meta-regression examined the influence of the percentage of the sample who were male, mean age of the sample, geographic region (continent), sample size, and study year on the prevalence of psychotropic polypharmacy. RESULTS Twenty-five unique articles were included comprising medications data from 92,370 NH residents with dementia in 12 countries. One-in-three (33%, [95% CI: 28%, 39%]) NH residents with dementia received two-or-more psychotropic medications concurrently. One-in-eight (13%, [95% CI: 10%, 17%]) received three-or-more psychotropic medications concurrently. Estimates were highly variable across both definitions of psychotropic polypharmacy (p < 0.001). Among study-level demographics, geographic region, sample size, or study year, only male sex was associated with greater use of two-or-more psychotropic medications (Unadjusted OR = 1.02, p = 0.006; Adjusted OR = 1.04, p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS Psychotropic polypharmacy is common among NH residents with dementia. Identifying the causes of utilization and the effects on resident health and well-being should be prioritized by federal entities seeking to improve NH quality.
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Eikelboom WS, van den Berg E, Singleton EH, Baart SJ, Coesmans M, Leeuwis AE, Teunissen CE, van Berckel BNM, Pijnenburg YAL, Scheltens P, van der Flier WM, Ossenkoppele R, Papma JM. Neuropsychiatric and Cognitive Symptoms Across the Alzheimer Disease Clinical Spectrum: Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Associations. Neurology 2021; 97:e1276-e1287. [PMID: 34413181 PMCID: PMC8480405 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives To investigate the prevalence and trajectories of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in relation to cognitive functioning in a cohort of β-amyloid–positive (A+) individuals across the Alzheimer disease (AD) clinical spectrum. Methods In this single-center observational study, we included all individuals who visited the Alzheimer Center Amsterdam and had a clinical diagnosis of subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or probable AD dementia and were A+. We measured NPS with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), examining total scores and the presence of specific NPI domains. Cognition was assessed across 5 cognitive domains and with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). We examined trajectories including model-based trends for NPS and cognitive functioning over time. We used linear mixed models to relate baseline NPI scores to cognitive functioning at baseline (whole-sample) and longitudinal time points (subsample n = 520, mean 1.8 [SD 0.7] years follow-up). Results We included 1,524 A+ individuals from the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort with A+ SCD (n = 113), A+ MCI (n = 321), or A+ AD dementia (n = 1,090). NPS were prevalent across all clinical AD stages (≥1 NPS 81.4% in SCD, 81.2% in MCI, 88.7% in dementia; ≥1 clinically relevant NPS 54.0% in SCD, 50.5% in MCI, 66.0% in dementia). Cognitive functioning showed a uniform gradual decline; while in contrast, large intraindividual heterogeneity of NPS was observed over time across all AD groups. At baseline, we found associations between NPS and cognition in dementia that were most pronounced for NPI total scores and MMSE (range β = −0.18 to −0.11, false discovery rate [FDR]–adjusted p < 0.05), while there were no cross-sectional relationships in SCD and MCI (range β = −0.32 to 0.36, all FDR-adjusted p > 0.05). There were no associations between baseline NPS and cognitive functioning over time in any clinical stage (range β = −0.13 to 0.44, all FDR-adjusted p > 0.05). Discussion NPS and cognitive symptoms are both prevalent across the AD clinical spectrum, but show a different evolution during the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem S Eikelboom
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S.E., E.v.d.B., J.M.P.), Biostatistics (S.J.B.), and Psychiatry (M.C.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam (E.H.S., A.E.L., Y.A.L.P., P.S., W.M.v.d.F., R.O.), Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry (C.E.T.), and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.N.M.v.B.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; and Clinical Memory Research Unit (R.O.), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Esther van den Berg
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S.E., E.v.d.B., J.M.P.), Biostatistics (S.J.B.), and Psychiatry (M.C.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam (E.H.S., A.E.L., Y.A.L.P., P.S., W.M.v.d.F., R.O.), Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry (C.E.T.), and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.N.M.v.B.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; and Clinical Memory Research Unit (R.O.), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ellen H Singleton
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S.E., E.v.d.B., J.M.P.), Biostatistics (S.J.B.), and Psychiatry (M.C.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam (E.H.S., A.E.L., Y.A.L.P., P.S., W.M.v.d.F., R.O.), Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry (C.E.T.), and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.N.M.v.B.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; and Clinical Memory Research Unit (R.O.), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sara J Baart
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S.E., E.v.d.B., J.M.P.), Biostatistics (S.J.B.), and Psychiatry (M.C.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam (E.H.S., A.E.L., Y.A.L.P., P.S., W.M.v.d.F., R.O.), Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry (C.E.T.), and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.N.M.v.B.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; and Clinical Memory Research Unit (R.O.), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Michiel Coesmans
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S.E., E.v.d.B., J.M.P.), Biostatistics (S.J.B.), and Psychiatry (M.C.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam (E.H.S., A.E.L., Y.A.L.P., P.S., W.M.v.d.F., R.O.), Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry (C.E.T.), and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.N.M.v.B.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; and Clinical Memory Research Unit (R.O.), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Annebet E Leeuwis
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S.E., E.v.d.B., J.M.P.), Biostatistics (S.J.B.), and Psychiatry (M.C.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam (E.H.S., A.E.L., Y.A.L.P., P.S., W.M.v.d.F., R.O.), Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry (C.E.T.), and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.N.M.v.B.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; and Clinical Memory Research Unit (R.O.), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S.E., E.v.d.B., J.M.P.), Biostatistics (S.J.B.), and Psychiatry (M.C.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam (E.H.S., A.E.L., Y.A.L.P., P.S., W.M.v.d.F., R.O.), Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry (C.E.T.), and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.N.M.v.B.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; and Clinical Memory Research Unit (R.O.), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bart N M van Berckel
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S.E., E.v.d.B., J.M.P.), Biostatistics (S.J.B.), and Psychiatry (M.C.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam (E.H.S., A.E.L., Y.A.L.P., P.S., W.M.v.d.F., R.O.), Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry (C.E.T.), and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.N.M.v.B.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; and Clinical Memory Research Unit (R.O.), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Yolande A L Pijnenburg
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S.E., E.v.d.B., J.M.P.), Biostatistics (S.J.B.), and Psychiatry (M.C.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam (E.H.S., A.E.L., Y.A.L.P., P.S., W.M.v.d.F., R.O.), Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry (C.E.T.), and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.N.M.v.B.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; and Clinical Memory Research Unit (R.O.), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Philip Scheltens
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S.E., E.v.d.B., J.M.P.), Biostatistics (S.J.B.), and Psychiatry (M.C.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam (E.H.S., A.E.L., Y.A.L.P., P.S., W.M.v.d.F., R.O.), Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry (C.E.T.), and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.N.M.v.B.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; and Clinical Memory Research Unit (R.O.), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S.E., E.v.d.B., J.M.P.), Biostatistics (S.J.B.), and Psychiatry (M.C.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam (E.H.S., A.E.L., Y.A.L.P., P.S., W.M.v.d.F., R.O.), Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry (C.E.T.), and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.N.M.v.B.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; and Clinical Memory Research Unit (R.O.), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rik Ossenkoppele
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S.E., E.v.d.B., J.M.P.), Biostatistics (S.J.B.), and Psychiatry (M.C.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam (E.H.S., A.E.L., Y.A.L.P., P.S., W.M.v.d.F., R.O.), Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry (C.E.T.), and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.N.M.v.B.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; and Clinical Memory Research Unit (R.O.), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Janne M Papma
- From the Departments of Neurology (W.S.E., E.v.d.B., J.M.P.), Biostatistics (S.J.B.), and Psychiatry (M.C.), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam (E.H.S., A.E.L., Y.A.L.P., P.S., W.M.v.d.F., R.O.), Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry (C.E.T.), and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (B.N.M.v.B.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, the Netherlands; and Clinical Memory Research Unit (R.O.), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
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Tan EY, de Vugt ME, Deckers K, Schols JM, Verhey FR. Interaction of caregiver-expressed emotions and neuropsychiatric symptoms in persons with dementia: a longitudinal cohort study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e046869. [PMID: 34588239 PMCID: PMC8480002 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) have a major impact in persons with dementia (PwD). The interaction between the caregiver and the person with dementia may be related to the emergence of NPS. The concept of expressed emotion (EE) is used to capture this dyadic interaction. The aim of the present study is to examine longitudinally the association between EE in caregivers and NPS in PwD living at home. DESIGN A longitudinal cohort study with 2 years of follow-up. SETTING PwD and their informal caregivers living at home in the south of the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS 112 dyads of PwD and their caregivers from the MAAstricht Study of BEhavior in Dementia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES EE was measured at baseline with the Five-Minute Speech Sample and was used to classify caregivers in a low-EE or high-EE group. Associations between EE and neuropsychiatric subsyndromes (hyperactivity, mood and psychosis) measured with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) were analysed over time. RESULTS Seventy-six (67.9%) caregivers were classified in the low-EE group and 36 (32.1%) in the high-EE group. There was no difference between the EE groups in mean NPI scores over time. In the high-EE group, hyperactivity occurred more frequently than in the low-EE group at baseline (p=0.013) and at the other time points, but the mean difference was not always significant. There were no differences for the mood and psychosis subsyndromes. PwD with caregivers scoring high on the EE subcategory critical comments had an increased risk of institutionalisation (OR 6.07 (95% CI 1.14 to 32.14, p=0.034)) in comparison with caregivers scoring low on critical comments. CONCLUSIONS High EE in informal caregivers is associated with hyperactivity symptoms in PwD. This association is likely to be bidirectional. Future studies investigating this association and possible interventions to reduce EE are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Yl Tan
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Reinier van Arkel Group, s-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein E de Vugt
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Kay Deckers
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jos Mga Schols
- Department of General Practice, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Frans Rj Verhey
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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