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Zhang W, Li Y, Zhang G, Yang X, Chang X, Xing G, Dong H, Wang J, Wang D, Mai Z, Jiang X. Advances in Host-Free White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Utilizing Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence: A Comprehensive Review. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:703. [PMID: 38930673 PMCID: PMC11205739 DOI: 10.3390/mi15060703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The ever-growing prominence and widespread acceptance of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), particularly those employing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), have firmly established them as formidable contenders in the field of lighting technology. TADF enables achieving a 100% utilization rate and efficient luminescence through reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). However, the effectiveness of TADF-OLEDs is influenced by their high current density and limited device lifetime, which result in a significant reduction in efficiency. This comprehensive review introduces the TADF mechanism and provides a detailed overview of recent advancements in the development of host-free white OLEDs (WOLEDs) utilizing TADF. This review specifically scrutinizes advancements from three distinct perspectives: TADF fluorescence, TADF phosphorescence and all-TADF materials in host-free WOLEDs. By presenting the latest research findings, this review contributes to the understanding of the current state of host-free WOLEDs, employing TADF and underscoring promising avenues for future investigations. It aims to serve as a valuable resource for newcomers seeking an entry point into the field as well as for established members of the WOLEDs community, offering them insightful perspectives on imminent advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Zhang
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.C.); (H.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Yaxin Li
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.C.); (H.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.C.); (H.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Xiaotian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Material of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China;
| | - Xi Chang
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.C.); (H.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Guoliang Xing
- Jilin Special Equipment Inspection Center, Jilin Special Equipment Accident Investigation Service Center, No. 866 Huadan Street, Longtan District, Jilin 132013, China;
| | - He Dong
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.C.); (H.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.C.); (H.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Hubei Jiufengshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430206, China; (D.W.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zhihong Mai
- Hubei Jiufengshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430206, China; (D.W.); (Z.M.)
| | - Xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
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Zhou W, Sun Z, Fan J, Huang W, Zhang J, Song H, Zhou L, Huang J, Wu ZC, Zhang X. Novel solution and solid-state emissive long-wavelength carbon dots for water sensing and white LED applications. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 304:123328. [PMID: 37688879 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are among the most popular nanomaterials due to their remarkable fluorescent and electronic properties, as well as their good biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity. Currently, CDs with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) are relatively rare and have become a significant research hotspot. This is because most conventional CDs suffer from severe quenching in a solid state. Herein, novel CDs with both solution and solid-state emissions were obtained using a facile one-step hydrothermal synthesis. Specifically, the CDs exhibit yellow solvent-dependent fluorescence in solution state (λem = 580 nm) and red AIE emission in solid state (λem = 640 nm). CDs powder is utilized as a red phosphor for light-emitting diode (LED). The resulting fabricated white LEDs (WLEDs) demonstrate good performance metrics, including a Color Rendering Index (CRI) of 89.5, Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) of 3876 K, and commission Internationale d'Éclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.350, 0.331). Furthermore, the solvent-dependent phenomenon observed in AIE-CDs can be exploited to apply their solution as a highly sensitive fluorescence sensor for quantitatively detecting amounts of water in various organic solvents. The method offers both high accuracy and sensitivity, with R2 values varying from 0.853 to 0.994 and a low detection limit ranging from 0.296 to 3.23 % across a wide linear range. This inherent versatility makes the CDs suitable for a wide range of applications, including sensing and LED devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism Research and Evaluation of the State Drug Administration, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Third Hospital, Xiamen, 361100, China
| | - Zishan Sun
- GoHoff Pharmaceuticals Co.Ltd, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Jiaqi Fan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism Research and Evaluation of the State Drug Administration, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wenjing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism Research and Evaluation of the State Drug Administration, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism Research and Evaluation of the State Drug Administration, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hongji Song
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Shandong Province, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Liya Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jinqing Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhan-Chao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, Shandong Province, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xinguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism Research and Evaluation of the State Drug Administration, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Kant C, Shukla A, McGregor SKM, Lo SC, Namdas EB, Katiyar M. Large area inkjet-printed OLED fabrication with solution-processed TADF ink. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7220. [PMID: 37940640 PMCID: PMC10632475 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This work demonstrates successful large area inkjet printing of a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) material as the emitting layer of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). TADF materials enable efficient light emission without relying on heavy metals such as platinum or iridium. However, low-cost manufacturing of large-scale TADF OLEDs has been restricted due to their incompatibility with solution processing techniques. In this study, we develop ink formulation for a TADF material and show successful ink jet printing of intricate patterns over a large area (6400 mm2) without the use of any lithography. The stable ink is successfully achieved using a non-chlorinated binary solvent mixture for a solution processable TADF material, 3-(9,9-dimethylacridin-10(9H)-yl)-9H-xanthen-9-one dispersed in 4,4'-bis-(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl host. Using this ink, large area ink jet printed OLEDs with performance comparable to the control spin coated OLEDs are successfully achieved. In this work, we also show the impact of ink viscosity, density, and surface tension on the droplet formation and film quality as well as its potential for large-area roll-to-roll printing on a flexible substrate. The results represent a major step towards the use of TADF materials for large-area OLEDs without employing any lithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Kant
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
- National Centre for Flexible Electronics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Atul Shukla
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah K M McGregor
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shih-Chun Lo
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Ebinazar B Namdas
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Monica Katiyar
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India.
- National Centre for Flexible Electronics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India.
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