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Kobisi ANA, Balah MA, Hassan AR. Bioactivity of silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.) berries parts against Galleria mellonella and Erwinia carotovora and LC-MS chemical profile of its potential extract. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18747. [PMID: 39138246 PMCID: PMC11322330 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68961-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural products received much attention as an environmentally beneficial solution for pest management. Therefore, the extracts of invasive silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.) weeds using their berries parts (seeds, peels and mucilage) supported by bioassay-guided fractionation were tested against both the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) and Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora causes of the blackleg of potatoes. The seeds and peels of S. elaeagnifolium were successively extracted by maceration using dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and ethanol (EtOH), respectively. While, its mucilage was extracted using EtOAc. The successive EtOH extract of the plant seeds had promising inhibition efficacy and the best minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of 50 µg/ml against E. Carotovora amongst other extracts (DCM and EtOAc of the plant berries parts). Depending on dose response activity, EtOH extract had G. mellonella larval mortality and pupal duration rates (LC50; 198.30 and LC95; 1294.73 µg/ml), respectively. Additionally, this EtOH extract of seeds was fractionated using preparative TLC to three characteristic bands. The insecticidal and bacterial activities of these isolated bands (SEA, SEB, and SEC) were evaluated at a dose of 100 µg/ml, causing mortality by 48.48, 62.63 and 92.93% (G. mellonella larvae) and inhibition by 15.22, 0.00 and 31.66 mm (E. carotovora), respectively. Moreover, the separated major three bands were tentatively identified using LC-ESI-MS analysis revealing the presence of two phenolic acids; chlorogenic acid (SEA) and dicaffeoyl quinic acid (SEB) in addition to one steroidal saponin (SEC) annotated as borassoside E or yamoscin. Finally, the plant seeds' successive EtOH extract as well as its active constituents, exhibited potential broad-spectrum activity and the ability to participate in future pest management initiatives. A field study is also recommended to validate its bio-efficacy against selected pests and to develop its formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed A Balah
- Plants Protection Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed R Hassan
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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Ahmed S, Khan MSS, Xue S, Islam F, Ikram AU, Abdullah M, Liu S, Tappiban P, Chen J. A comprehensive overview of omics-based approaches to enhance biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in sweet potato. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae014. [PMID: 38464477 PMCID: PMC10923648 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic stresses negatively affect the yield and overall plant developmental process, thus causing substantial losses in global sweet potato production. To cope with stresses, sweet potato has evolved numerous strategies to tackle ever-changing surroundings and biological and environmental conditions. The invention of modern sequencing technology and the latest data processing and analysis instruments has paved the way to integrate biological information from different approaches and helps to understand plant system biology more precisely. The advancement in omics technologies has accumulated and provided a great source of information at all levels (genome, transcript, protein, and metabolite) under stressful conditions. These latest molecular tools facilitate us to understand better the plant's responses to stress signaling and help to process/integrate the biological information encoded within the biological system of plants. This review briefly addresses utilizing the latest omics strategies for deciphering the adaptive mechanisms for sweet potatoes' biotic and abiotic stress tolerance via functional genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. This information also provides a powerful reference to understand the complex, well-coordinated stress signaling genetic regulatory networks and better comprehend the plant phenotypic responses at the cellular/molecular level under various environmental stimuli, thus accelerating the design of stress-resilient sweet potato via the latest genetic engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Ahmed
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | | | - Songlei Xue
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Faisal Islam
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Aziz Ul Ikram
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minghang, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Liu
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Piengtawan Tappiban
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Jian Chen
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Zhang M, Xiao Q, Li Y, Tian Y, Zheng J, Zhang J. Exploration of exogenous chlorogenic acid as a potential plant stimulant: enhancing physiochemical properties in Lonicera japonica. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:453-466. [PMID: 38633274 PMCID: PMC11018593 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we applied exogenous chlorogenic acid (CGA) to Lonicera japonica (L. japonica) leaves via foliar sprays every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday for a period of 12 months. Our continuous monitoring over this period revealed a consistent increase in flavonoid levels from the second to the tenth month following the commencement of CGA treatment. This was accompanied by a notable upregulation in the expression of four secondary metabolite-related enzyme genes: LjPAL1, LjPAL2, LjPAL3, and LjISY1. Concurrently, there was a significant enhancement in the total activity of the enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. The total antioxidant capacity of the plants also showed a marked increase from the third to the seventh month post-treatment initiation, subsequently stabilizing. This increase was also reflected in the elevated activities of key antioxidant enzymes: peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and superoxide dismutase. Furthermore, the treatment notably enhanced various indicators of nutrient growth, such as total protein content, total sugar content, and leaf area. Notably, the relative expression of LjTF1, a kind of BZIP transcription factor gene known for its extensive regulatory effects, showed a significant and sustained increase after the start of exogenous CGA treatment. Subsequent metabolomic analysis revealed significant changes in L. japonica metabolites. Specifically, 172 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) showed a notable increase (Fold > 1), predominantly in pathways related to nutrient metabolism such as carbohydrate, amino acid, and energy metabolism. Notably, some of the highly expressed DEMs (Fold > 4) are key antioxidants and medicinal components in L. japonica. The experimental findings were in alignment with the metabolomics analysis, indicating that exogenous CGA can act as a stimulant for L. japonica. It promotes the significant accumulation of certain secondary metabolites, enhances nutritive growth, and boosts the plant's total antioxidant capacity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01435-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Zhang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025 China
| | - Qiaoqiao Xiao
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025 China
| | - Yulong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119 China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025 China
| | - Jincheng Zheng
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025 China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025 China
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Chen SP, Kuo YW, Lin JS. Review: Defense responses in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) against biotic stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 337:111893. [PMID: 37813194 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is regarded as amongst the world's most important crops for food, vegetable, forage, and raw material for starch and alcohol production. Since pest attack and disease infection are the main limiting aspects frequently causing the yield loss and quality degradation of sweetpotato, it is a great demand to develop the effective defense strategies for maintaining productivity. In the past decade, many studies have focused on dynamic analysis at the physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of sweetpotatoes to environmental challenges. This review offers an overview of the defense mechanisms against biotic stresses in sweetpotato observed so far, particularly insect herbivory and pathogen infections. The defenses of sweetpotato include the regulation of the toxic and anti-digestive proteins, plant-derived compounds, physical barrier formation, and sugar distribution. Ipomoelin and sporamin have been extensively researched for the defense against herbivore wounding. Herbivory-induced plant volatiles, chlorogenic acid, and latex phytochemicals play important roles in defenses for insect herbivory. Induction of IbSWEET10 reduces sugar content to mediate F. oxysporum resistance. Therefore, these researches provide the genetic strategies for improving resistance bioengineering and breeding of sweetpotato crops and future prospects for research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Peng Chen
- Department of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Wei Kuo
- Department of Agronomy, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Jeng-Shane Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; Advanced Plant and Food Crop Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
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Liu P, Zhang X, Wang R, Chen S, Zhang T. Monoterpene alcohols induced by sweet potato weevil larvae deter conspecific adults from feeding and oviposition. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:3504-3510. [PMID: 37140406 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraspecific competition is shared in the insect world, especially under the condition of limited food and space resources. To avoid intraspecific competition and increase offspring survival, insects have evolved various effective strategies. A widely-accepted tactic is employing chemical cues, which are frequently utilized as indicators of conspecific colonization. The sweet potato weevil (SPW), Cylas formicarius, is a destructive pest of sweet potatoes. Its larvae bore into sweet potatoes and alter the emission of odors. The present study aimed to investigate whether volatiles associated with SPW larvae feeding influence the behavioral preference of conspecific adults. RESULTS Volatiles from SPW larvae-infested sweet potatoes were collected by a head-space method and analyzed using gas chromatography-electroantennogram detector (GC-EAD) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Five compounds eliciting EAD responses from the antennae of both male and female adult SPW were identified from sweet potatoes with the third-instar larvae, including linalool, citronellol, nerol, geraniol, and ipomeamarone. Four monoterpene alcohols significantly repelled SPW adults from feeding and oviposition at higher doses in the behavioral preference bioassays. Among them, geraniol displayed the strongest repellent activities for SPW feeding and oviposition. These results suggested that SPW larvae could reduce colonization of adult SPWs by inducing monoterpene alcohols, thereby avoiding intraspecific competition. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that volatile monoterpene alcohols induced by SPW larvae are chemical cues of larvae occupation for SPW adults to change their behavioral preference. Unveiling factors that mediate avoidance of intraspecific competition could help develop repellents or oviposition deterrents for SPW control. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panjing Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding, China
| | - Rongyan Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding, China
| | - Shulong Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding, China
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Lin DJ, Zhang YX, Fang Y, Gao SJ, Wang R, Wang JD. The effect of chlorogenic acid, a potential botanical insecticide, on gene transcription and protein expression of carboxylesterases in the armyworm (Mythimna separata). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 195:105575. [PMID: 37666601 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a potential botanical insecticide metabolite that naturally occurs in various plants. Our previous studies revealed CGA is sufficient to control the armyworm Mythimna separata. In this study, we conducted a proteomic analysis of saliva collected from M. separata following exposure to CGA and found that differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) treated with CGA for 6 h and 24 h were primarily enriched in glutathione metabolism and the pentose phosphate pathway. Notably, we observed six carboxylesterase (CarE) proteins that were enriched at both time points. Additionally, these corresponding genes were expressed at levels 5.05 to 130.25 times higher in our laboratory-selected resistance strains. We also noted a significant increase in the enzyme activity of carboxylesterase following treatments with varying CGA concentrations. Finally, we confirmed that knockdown of MsCarE14, MsCarE28, and MsCCE001h decreased the susceptibility to CGA in resistance strain, indicating three CarE genes play crucial roles in CGA detoxification. This study presents the first report on the salivary proteomics of M. separata, offering valuable insights into the role of salivary proteins. Moreover, the determination of CarE mediated susceptibility change to CGA provides new targets for agricultural pest control and highlights the potential insecticide resistance mechanism for pest resistance management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jiang Lin
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ya-Xin Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yong Fang
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agriculture Science, Changsha 410125, China
| | - San-Ji Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Jin-da Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Wang Z, Yang J, Gao Q, He S, Xu Y, Luo Z, Liu P, Wu M, Xu X, Ma L, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Yang J. The transcription factor NtERF13a enhances abiotic stress tolerance and phenylpropanoid compounds biosynthesis in tobacco. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 334:111772. [PMID: 37331634 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The AP2/ERF (APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR) transcription factors play multiple roles in modulating the biosynthesis of diverse specialized metabolites in response to various environmental stresses. ERF13 has been shown to participate in plant resistance to biotic stress as well as in repressing the synthesis of fatty acid. However, its full roles in regulating plant metabolism and stress resistance still remains to be further studied. In this study, we identified two NtERF genes from N. tabacum genome that belong to Ⅸa subgroup of ERF family. Over-expression and knock-out of NtERF13a showed that NtERF13a could enhance plant resistance to salt and drought stresses, as well as promoted the biosynthesis of chlorogenic acid (CGA), flavonoids, and lignin in tobacco. Transcriptome analysis between WT and NtERF13a-OE plants revealed 6 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that encode enzymes catalyzing the key steps of phenylpropanoid pathway. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, Y1H, and Dual-Luc assays further clarified that NtERF13a could directly bind to the fragments containing GCC box or DRE element in the promoters of NtHCT, NtF3'H, and NtANS genes to induce the transcription of these genes. Knock-out of NtHCT, NtF3'H, or NtANS in the NtERF13a-OE background significantly repressed the increase of phenylpropanoid compound contents caused by over-expression of NtERF13a, indicating that the promotion of NtERF13a on the phenylpropanoid compound contents depends on the activity of NtHCT, NtF3'H, and NtANS. Our study demonstrated new roles of NtERF13a in promoting plant resistance to abiotic stresses, and provided a promising target for modulating the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid compounds in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Wang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jinchu Yang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming 650202, China
| | - Shun He
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yongming Xu
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Zhaopeng Luo
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Pingping Liu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mingzhu Wu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xin Xu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lanxin Ma
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Setoguchi Y, Nakagawa S, Ohmura R, Toshima S, Park H, Narasako Y, Hirano T, Otani M, Kunitake H. Effect of Growth Stages on Anthocyanins and Polyphenols in the Root System of Sweet Potato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091907. [PMID: 37176965 PMCID: PMC10180653 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The storage roots of purple-fleshed sweet potato contain a variety of anthocyanins and polyphenols. Little is known about changes in the total content and composition of anthocyanins and polyphenols in the early growth stages of the root system. In this study, we investigated the changes in anthocyanins and polyphenols in the root system of purple-fleshed sweet potato cultivars at 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after transplant (DAT). Unexpectedly, the highest percentage of acylated anthocyanins in three purple-fleshed cultivars among all growth stages was at 15 DAT. On the other hand, the total polyphenol content in the early growth stages of the root system increased rapidly toward 45 DAT, just before the beginning of storage root enlargement, and then decreased rapidly as the storage roots began to enlarge. These data indicate that the early growth stage of the root system is a critical time. This timing may present a strategy to maximize the accumulation of polyphenols with high antioxidant activity, as well as acylated anthocyanins, to protect against abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuno Setoguchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Soya Nakagawa
- Division of Symbiotic System, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Ryo Ohmura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Saki Toshima
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Hyungjun Park
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | | | - Tomonari Hirano
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Otani
- Research Institute of Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi 921-8836, Japan
| | - Hisato Kunitake
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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Wang R, Zhang Q, Qu C, Wang Q, Wang J, Luo C. Toxicity, baseline of susceptibility, detoxifying mechanism and sublethal effects of chlorogenic acid, a potential botanical insecticide, on Bemisia tabaci. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1150853. [PMID: 36909397 PMCID: PMC9992418 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1150853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci is a threat to agriculture worldwide because of its potential to cause devastating damage to crops. Chlorogenic acid is a bioactive pesticidal phytochemical agent against various insect pests. We here determined the susceptibility of a laboratory strain of B. tabaci to chlorogenic acid and other popular insecticides, and the susceptibility of several field-collected populations to chlorogenic acid. Also, cross-resistance to four common insecticides was measured. Chlorogenic acid had the highest toxicity of all tested insecticides, and all the field-collected populations were susceptible to chlorogenic acid, and little cross-resistance was detected between chlorogenic acid and the other tested insecticides. Furthermore, analysis of enzyme activities and expression of P450 genes in B. tabaci after treatment with LC50 of chlorogenic acid suggested that enhanced P450 activity could be involved in chlorogenic acid detoxification. We subsequently evaluated sublethal effects of chlorogenic acid, and found that treatment with LC25 of chlorogenic acid prolonged duration of two developmental stages, reduced fecundity, and decreased survival rates of treated B. tabaci compared to untreated insects. Overall, these findings demonstrate strong toxicity and significant sublethal effects of chlorogenic acid on B. tabaci, and suggest that overexpression of P450 genes may be associated with chlorogenic acid detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghe Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Qu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinda Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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10
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Liu X, Wang Y, Zhu H, Mei G, Liao Y, Rao S, Li S, Chen A, Liu H, Zeng L, Xiao Y, Li X, Yang Z, Hou X. Natural allelic variation confers high resistance to sweet potato weevils in sweet potato. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:1233-1244. [PMID: 36376755 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is a major root crop worldwide. Sweet potato weevils (SPWs) pose one of the most significant challenges to sweet potato production in tropical and subtropical regions, causing deleterious economic and environmental effects. Characterizing the mechanisms underlying natural resistance to SPWs is therefore crucial; however, the genetic basis of host SPW resistance (SPWR) remains unclear. Here we obtained two sweet potato germplasm with high SPWR and, by map-based cloning, revealed two major SPW-resistant genes-SPWR1 and SPWR2-that are important regulators of natural defence against SPWs. The SPW-induced WRKY transcriptional factor SPWR1 directly activates the expression of SPWR2, and SPWR2, the conserved dehydroquinate synthase, promotes the accumulation of quinate derivative metabolites that confer SPWR in sweet potato. Generally, our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying sweet potato-SPW interactions and will aid future efforts to achieve eco-friendly SPW management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Zhu
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guoguo Mei
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinyin Liao
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shunfa Rao
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuquan Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ao Chen
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lanting Zeng
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyin Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingliang Hou
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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11
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Lin DJ, Fang Y, Li LY, Zhang LZ, Gao SJ, Wang R, Wang JD. The insecticidal effect of the botanical insecticide chlorogenic acid on Mythimna separata (Walker) is related to changes in MsCYP450 gene expression. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1015095. [PMID: 36311076 PMCID: PMC9597446 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1015095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The oriental armyworm Mythimna separata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) can feed on the leaves of many crops, resulting in vast areas of damage and severe losses. Therefore, this insect has become a significant agricultural pest in north Asia. In this study, we fed 3rd instar larvae with artificial diets containing different concentrations of chlorogenic acid and found a significant lethal effect and the mortality increased with increasing chlorogenic acid concentration. Next, we measured the sublethal effect of chlorogenic acid at LC20 on the growth and development of M. separata larvae. The durations of the 4th and 5th instar were longer than those of the control group (prolonged by 0.8 and 0.6 days, respectively), and the 6th instar was shorter (by 1.1 days). The total survival rate, pupation rate, eclosion rate, sex ratio, and oviposition amount in the LC20 chlorogenic acid-treated group were significantly lower than those in the control group. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis of 3rd instar larvae fed various concentrations of chlorogenic acid revealed that several MsCYP450 genes were significantly up-regulated, and this finding was further validated by qRT-PCR. In addition, various concentrations of chlorogenic acid and different treatment times significantly affected the enzyme activity of CYP450 in 3rd instar larvae. Importantly, dietary ingestion of dsMsCYP450 significantly reduced the mRNA level of MsCYP450 genes and increased mortality in the presence of chlorogenic acid. Our results revealed that MsCYP6B6, MsCYP321A7, and MsCYP6B7-like play an essential role in the detoxification of chlorogenic acid by M. separata. This study provides evidence of control effect by botanical insecticide chlorogenic acid on M. separata, and potential detoxification mechanism mediated by P450 of botanical insecticide in arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-jiang Lin
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yong Fang
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agriculture Science, Changsha, China
| | - Ling-yun Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li-zhao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - San-ji Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-da Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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12
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Kim S, Kim TH, Chung MN, Lee Y, Lee IB, Lee H, Park W. Incidence Rates of Root Rot in Sweetpotato Caused by Cultivation Soil and Soil Microorganisms During Storage Periods. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:897590. [PMID: 35592576 PMCID: PMC9113054 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.897590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sweetpotatoes require a storage period for year-round use and improved sweetness by starch degradation. However, long-term storage can cause root rot, and a large amount of sweetpotatoes can be discarded. Root rot is typically caused by pathogenic soil-borne Fusarium spp., and the development of root rot induced by the characteristics of cultivating soil in stored sweetpotato has not yet been identified. In this study, the effect of Fusarium spp. and microbial community in the cultivated soil on the root rot of sweetpotatoes was to be elucidated. Wounded sweetpotato were treated in soil cultures inoculated with F. solani or F. oxysporum for 2 days, and showed symptoms of root rot after 2 months of storage. The three study fields (Naju, Yeongam A, and B) were subjected to the same curing and storage treatments after harvest, and the incidence of root rot was 1.7- to 1.8-fold different after 3 months of storage. Across the three fields, concentrations of Fusarium spp. and of microbial communities differed according to the cultivation soil and period. In particular, Naju, which had the lowest incidence of root rot, had the lowest concentration of Fusarium spp. before harvest, and the smallest change in diversity of the microbial community during the cultivation period. However, tuberous roots harvested from the fields showed no significant differences in antioxidant activity or lesion size with the treatment of 106 conidia/ml F. solani. By solidifying the importance of cultivating soil and related microorganisms in the advancement of root rot of sweetpotato, our results may aid in preventing the decrease in the yield of cultivated sweetpotatoes through root rot control.
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13
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Comparative transcriptome and weighted correlation network analyses reveal candidate genes involved in chlorogenic acid biosynthesis in sweet potato. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2770. [PMID: 35177832 PMCID: PMC8854667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06794-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorogenic acids (CGAs) are important secondary metabolites produced in sweet potato. However, the mechanisms of their biosynthesis and regulation remain unclear. To identify potential genes involved in CGA biosynthesis, analysis of the dynamic changes in CGA components and RNA sequencing were performed on young leaves (YL), mature leaves (ML), young stems (YS), mature stems (MS) and storage roots (SR). Accordingly, we found that the accumulation of six CGA components varied among the different tissues and developmental stages, with YS and YL recording the highest levels, while SR exhibited low levels. Moreover, the transcriptome analysis yielded 59,287 unigenes, 3,767 of which were related to secondary-metabolite pathways. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on CGA content levels by comparing the different samples, including ML vs. YL, MS vs. YS, SR vs. YL and SR vs. YS. A total of 501 common DEGs were identified, and these were mainly implicated in the secondary metabolites biosynthesis. Additionally, eight co-expressed gene modules were identified following weighted gene co-expression network analysis, while genes in darkgrey module were highly associated with CGA accumulation. Darkgrey module analysis revealed that 12 unigenes encoding crucial enzymes (PAL, 4CL, C4H, C3H and HCT/HQT) and 42 unigenes encoding transcription factors (MYB, bHLH, WD40, WRKY, ERF, MADS, GARS, bZIP and zinc finger protein) had similar expression patterns with change trends of CGAs, suggesting their potential roles in CGA metabolism. Our findings provide new insights into the biosynthesis and regulatory mechanisms of CGA pathway, and will inform future efforts to build a genetically improve sweet potato through the breeding of high CGA content varieties.
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14
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Arikan B, Ozfidan-Konakci C, Yildiztugay E, Zengin G, Alp FN, Elbasan F. Exogenous hesperidin and chlorogenic acid alleviate oxidative damage induced by arsenic toxicity in Zea mays through regulating the water status, antioxidant capacity, redox balance and fatty acid composition. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118389. [PMID: 34687779 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) toxicity is a problem that needs to be solved in terms of both human health and agricultural production in the vast majority of the world. The presence of As causes biomass loss by disrupting the balance of biochemical processes in plants and preventing growth/water absorption in the roots and accumulating in the edible parts of the plant and entering the food chain. A critical method of combating As toxicity is the use of biosafe, natural, bioactive compounds such as hesperidin (HP) or chlorogenic acid (CA). To this end, in this study, the physiological and biochemical effects of HP (100 μM) and CA (50 μM) were investigated in Zea mays under arsenate stress (100 μM). Relative water content, osmotic potential, photosynthesis-related parameters were suppressed under stress. It was determined that stress decreased the activities of the antioxidant system and increased the level of saturated fatty acids and, gene expression of PHT transporters involved in the uptake and translocation of arsenate. After being exposed to stress, HP and CA improved the capacity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and then ROS accumulation (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) were effectively removed. These phenolic compounds contributed to maintaining the cellular redox status by regulating enzyme/non-enzyme activity/contents involved in the AsA-GSH cycle. HP and CA reversed the adverse effects of excessive metal ion accumulation by re-regulated expression of the PHT1.1 and PHT1.3 genes in response to stress. Exogenously applied HP and CA effectively maintained membrane integrity by regulating saturated/unsaturated fatty acid content. However, the combined application of HP and CA did not show a synergistic protective activity against As stress and had a negative effect on the antioxidant capacity of maize leaves. As a result, HP and CA have great potentials to provide tolerance to maize under As stress by reducing oxidative injury and preserving the biochemical reactions of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra Arikan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, 42130, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Ceyda Ozfidan-Konakci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram, 42090, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Evren Yildiztugay
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, 42130, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, 42130, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Nur Alp
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, 42130, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Fevzi Elbasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, 42130, Konya, Turkey.
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15
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Zhang L, Miras-Moreno B, Yildiztugay E, Ozfidan-Konakci C, Arikan B, Elbasan F, Ak G, Rouphael Y, Zengin G, Lucini L. Metabolomics and Physiological Insights into the Ability of Exogenously Applied Chlorogenic Acid and Hesperidin to Modulate Salt Stress in Lettuce Distinctively. Molecules 2021; 26:6291. [PMID: 34684872 PMCID: PMC8537907 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies in the agronomic field indicate that the exogenous application of polyphenols can provide tolerance against various stresses in plants. However, the molecular processes underlying stress mitigation remain unclear, and little is known about the impact of exogenously applied phenolics, especially in combination with salinity. In this work, the impacts of exogenously applied chlorogenic acid (CA), hesperidin (HES), and their combination (HES + CA) have been investigated in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) through untargeted metabolomics to evaluate mitigation effects against salinity. Growth parameters, physiological measurements, leaf relative water content, and osmotic potential as well as gas exchange parameters were also measured. As expected, salinity produced a significant decline in the physiological and biochemical parameters of lettuce. However, the treatments with exogenous phenolics, particularly HES and HES + CA, allowed lettuce to cope with salt stress condition. Interestingly, the treatments triggered a broad metabolic reprogramming that involved secondary metabolism and small molecules such as electron carriers, enzyme cofactors, and vitamins. Under salinity conditions, CA and HES + CA distinctively elicited secondary metabolism, nitrogen-containing compounds, osmoprotectants, and polyamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhang
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (L.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Begoña Miras-Moreno
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (L.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Evren Yildiztugay
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, Konya 42130, Turkey; (E.Y.); (B.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Ceyda Ozfidan-Konakci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram, Konya 42090, Turkey;
| | - Busra Arikan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, Konya 42130, Turkey; (E.Y.); (B.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Fevzi Elbasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, Konya 42130, Turkey; (E.Y.); (B.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Gunes Ak
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, Konya 42130, Turkey; (G.A.); (G.Z.)
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, Konya 42130, Turkey; (G.A.); (G.Z.)
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (L.Z.); (L.L.)
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16
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Yu Y, Zhang Q, Liu S, Ma P, Jia Z, Xie Y, Bian X. Effects of exogenous phytohormones on chlorogenic acid accumulation and pathway-associated gene expressions in sweetpotato stem tips. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 164:21-26. [PMID: 33940390 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam.) stem tips, which contain high concentrations of chlorogenic acid (CGA), are useful as a physiologically functional food to protect against some serious diseases. According to previous studies, exogenous application of phytohormones may be an effective agrotechnical measure to control CGA biosynthesis through the transcriptional regulation of pathway gene expressions. To understand the mechanism of CGA biosynthesis in sweetpotato, we investigated the effects of exogenous phytohormones on CGA metabolism in stem tips of sweetpotato. A significantly elevated CGA content was observed in salicylic acid (SA)-treated sweetpotato stem tips at 72 h, as well as in those subjected to abscisic acid (ABA) or gibberellic acid (GA) treatments. Dynamic expression change of seven enzyme genes involved in sweetpotato CGA biosynthesis were analyzed to determine correlations between transcript levels and CGA accumulation. As revealed by the differential expression of these genes under distinct phytohormone treatments, the regulation of specific pathway genes is a critical determinant of the accumulation of CGA in sweetpotato stem tips. We also found that several hormone-responsive sites, such as those for ABA, GA, SA, and jasmonic acid (JA), were present in the promoter regions of sweetpotato CGA biosynthestic pathway genes. Collectively, phytohormones can regulate the transcription of CGA synthesis-related genes and ultimately affect CGA accumulation in sweetpotato stem tips, whereas the regulatory differences are mirrored by cis-acting elements in the corresponding pathway gene promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Institute of Food Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Food Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Institute of Food Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peiyong Ma
- Institute of Food Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaodong Jia
- Institute of Food Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yizhi Xie
- Institute of Food Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Bian
- Institute of Food Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China.
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