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Syed AA, Shafiq M, Reza MI, Bharati P, Husain A, Singh P, Hanif K, Gayen JR. Ethanolic extract of Cissus quadrangularis improves vasoreactivity by modulation of eNOS expression and oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2021; 44:63-71. [PMID: 34648416 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2021.1991942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction is related to the reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and plays a significant role in developing hypertension. The intake of a diet rich in antioxidants decreases the threat of hypertension. Cissus quadrangularis possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypocholesterolemic activities. However, to date, no studies have been performed to explore this plant's antihypertensive and vasorelaxant activity. Herein, we investigated the chronic effect of C. quadrangularis on blood pressure as well as vascular function in hypertensive rats. METHODS Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomly divided into two groups. Normotensive Wistar rats were taken as the control group. The treatment was done using ethanolic extract of C. quadrangularis (EECQ) at a dose of 200 mg/kg. RESULTS The administration of EECQ for six weeks reduced the systolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, and heart rate. It also alleviated the cardiac and renal hypertrophy indices. Supplementation of EECQ improved the endothelium-dependent aortic vasodilation induced by acetylcholine. It restored the NO level and endothelial NO synthase expression in the aorta. Subsequently, the extract alleviates the oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in SHR rats. CONCLUSION Thus, in the present study, the chronic treatment of EECQ to genetically hypertensive rats improved endothelium-dependent relaxation in addition to its antihypertensive effect by eNOS activation and inhibition of ROS production, inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees Ahmed Syed
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mohammed Shafiq
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India.,Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad Irshad Reza
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Pragya Bharati
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India.,Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Athar Husain
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Pragati Singh
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Kashif Hanif
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India.,Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India.,Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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2
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Mariano LNB, Boeing T, Cechinel Filho V, Niero R, Mota da Silva L, de Souza P. 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone promotes diuresis, renal protection and antiurolithic properties in normotensive and hypertensive rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:700-708. [PMID: 33772292 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the prolonged diuretic and renal effects of 1,3,5,6- tetrahydroxyxanthone (THX) in rats. METHODS Normotensive (NTR) and hypertensive rats (SHR) received orally the treatment with THX, hydrochlorothiazide or vehicle (VEH). Urine volume, urinary, plasma and kidney parameters were evaluated daily or at the end of 7 days of the experiment. KEY FINDINGS The urinary volume of both NTR and SHR were significantly augmented with the THX treatment, an effect associated with increased levels of urinary Na+ and K+, besides a Ca2+-sparing effect. As well, THX decreased the quantity of monohydrate crystals in urines from NTR and SHR when compared with VEH-group. Regarding the renal analyses, the glutathione levels and the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase and myeloperoxidase in kidney homogenates of the SHR group were decreased. In contrast, the generation of lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) and catalase activity was significantly increased. THX reduced the content of LOOH and increased nitrite levels in kidney homogenates obtained from SHR. Additionally, THX also augmented the levels of nitrite in the plasma from the SHR group. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, THX can be highlighted as a natural diuretic agent with renal protective properties and antiurolithic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Nathália Bolda Mariano
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations, University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Thaise Boeing
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations, University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Valdir Cechinel Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations, University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Rivaldo Niero
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations, University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Luisa Mota da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations, University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations, University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Brazil
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Proteomic identification of the proteins related to cigarette smoke-induced cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18825. [PMID: 33139745 PMCID: PMC7608641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75429-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The present study was designed to determine the effects of 2-month exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) on proteins in the left ventricles of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and to identify the molecular targets associated with the pathogenesis/progression of CS-induced cardiac hypertrophy. SHR and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were exposed to CS at low (2 puffs/min for 40 min) or high dose (2 puffs/min for 120 min), 5 days a week for 2 months. Using the two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis combined with MALDI-TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometry, we compared differences in the expression levels of proteins in the whole left ventricles induced by long-term smoking. High-dose CS mainly caused cardiac hypertrophy in SHR, but not WKY, but no change in blood pressure. Proteomic analysis identified 30 protein spots with significant alterations, with 14 up-regulated and 16 down-regulated proteins in the left ventricles of CS-exposed SHR, compared with control SHR. Among these proteins, two members of the heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP20) showed significant up-regulation in the left ventricles of CS high-dose SHR, and the results were confirmed by western blot analysis. Our findings suggested that HSPs play an important role in regulation of CS-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
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da Costa GF, Ognibene DT, da Costa CA, Teixeira MT, Cordeiro VDSC, de Bem GF, Moura AS, Resende ADC, de Moura RS. Vitis vinifera L. Grape Skin Extract Prevents Development of Hypertension and Altered Lipid Profile in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats: Role of Oxidative Stress. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2020; 25:25-31. [PMID: 32292752 PMCID: PMC7143014 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2020.25.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the protective effect of a Vitis vinifera L. grape skin extract (ACH09) on blood pressure, lipid profile, and oxidative status in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose levels, as well as oxidative damage and antioxidant activity in the plasma and kidney, were evaluated in four experimental groups: control Wistar rats (W-C) and SHR-C that received water, and Wistar rats and SHR treated with ACH09 (200 mg/kg/d) in drinking water for 12 weeks (W-ACH09 and SHR-ACH09, respectively). SBP increased in the SHR group compared with the W groups and the treatment with ACH09 prevented the development of hypertension. Plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol levels increased in SHR compared with W-C rats; these changes prevented by treatment with ACH09. Glucose levels did not differ between the groups. The SHR group had increased oxidative damage in plasma, as expressed by 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels, and this prevented by ACH09. Levels of TBARS in the kidneys were lower in the SHR-ACH09 group than in the SHR-C group. Further, ACH09 increased the superoxide dismutase activity in both the plasma and kidneys of both SHR and Wistar rats. These results suggest that ACH09 is protective against disruption of blood pressures, oxidant status, and lipid profile in SHR, and provide important evidence on the benefits of ACH09 on hypertension and associated cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michelle Teixeira Teixeira
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290-240, Brazil
| | | | | | - Aníbal Sanchez Moura
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ 20551-030, Brazil
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Ramachandran CD, Gholami K, Lam SK, Hoe SZ. A preliminary study of the effect of a high-salt diet on transcriptome dynamics in rat hypothalamic forebrain and brainstem cardiovascular control centers. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8528. [PMID: 32175184 PMCID: PMC7059759 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High dietary salt intake is strongly correlated with cardiovascular (CV) diseases and it is regarded as a major risk factor associated with the pathogenesis of hypertension. The CV control centres in the brainstem (the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) and the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM)) and hypothalamic forebrain (the subfornical organ, SFO; the supraoptic nucleus, SON and the paraventricular nucleus, PVN) have critical roles in regulating CV autonomic motor outflows, and thus maintaining blood pressure (BP). Growing evidence has implicated autonomic regulatory networks in salt-sensitive HPN (SSH), but the genetic basis remains to be delineated. We hypothesized that the development and/ or maintenance of SSH is reliant on the change in the expression of genes in brain regions controlling the CV system. METHODOLOGY We used RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) to describe the differential expression of genes in SFO, SON, PVN, NTS and RVLM of rats being chronically fed with high-salt (HS) diet. Subsequently, a selection of putatively regulated genes was validated with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in both Spontaneously Hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. RESULTS The findings enabled us to identify number of differentially expressed genes in SFO, SON, PVN, NTS and RVLM; that are either up-regulated in both strains of rats (SON- Caprin2, Sctr), down-regulated in both strains of rats (PVN- Orc, Gkap1), up-regulated only in SHRs (SFO- Apopt1, Lin52, AVP, OXT; SON- AVP, OXT; PVN- Caprin2, Sclt; RVLM- A4galt, Slc29a4, Cmc1) or down-regulated only in SHRs (SON- Ndufaf2, Kcnv1; PVN- Pi4k2a; NTS- Snrpd2l, Ankrd29, St6galnac6, Rnf157, Iglon5, Csrnp3, Rprd1a; RVLM- Ttr, Faim). CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated the adverse effects of HS diet on BP, which may be mediated via modulating the signaling systems in CV centers in the hypothalamic forebrain and brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Devi Ramachandran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Perseketuan, Malaysia
| | - Khadijeh Gholami
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Perseketuan, Malaysia
- Human Biology Division, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Perseketuan, Malaysia
| | - Sau Kuen Lam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Perseketuan, Malaysia
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - See Ziau Hoe
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Perseketuan, Malaysia
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Jan-On G, Sangartit W, Pakdeechote P, Kukongviriyapan V, Senaphan K, Boonla O, Thongraung C, Kukongviriyapan U. Antihypertensive Effect and Safety Evaluation of Rice Bran Hydrolysates from Sang-Yod Rice. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 75:89-95. [PMID: 31853902 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-019-00789-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rice bran hydrolysates contain highly nutritional proteins and beneficial phytochemicals. Sang-Yod rice bran hydrolysates (SRH) extracted from red pigmented rice is a rich source of nutrients and phenolic compounds. The present study evaluated the antihypertensive effect of SRH and its safety in Sprague-Dawley rats. Hypertension was induced in male rats by administration of L-NAME (50 mg/kg/day) in drinking water for three weeks, and the antihypertensive effect of SRH was evaluated. Treatment of SRH (250 or 500 mg/kg) significantly reduced arterial blood pressure and improved hemodynamic parameters. The antihypertensive effect was associated with decreased oxidative stress, suppressed p47phox NADPH oxidase expression, increased nitric oxide bioavailability and decreased angiotensin II level and ACE activity. The SRH was shown to be safe after feeding male and female rats with a rodent diet containing 1.5% SRH for 90 days. Overall, these findings suggest that SRH is safe and may help to prevent hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulladawan Jan-On
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Weerapon Sangartit
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Veerapol Kukongviriyapan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Ketmanee Senaphan
- Division of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Orachorn Boonla
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Chakree Thongraung
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Upa Kukongviriyapan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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Redina OE, Devyatkin VA, Ershov NI, Markel AL. Genetic Polymorphism of Experimentally Produced Forms of Arterial Hypertension. RUSS J GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795420020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Kumar V, Yang C, Cowley AW. Temporal Expression and Cellular Localization of PAPPA2 in the Developing Kidney of Rat. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:209-222. [PMID: 31989854 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420904478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PAPPA2 is a metalloproteinase which cleaves insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-3 and IGFBP-5, and its role in pregnancy and postnatal growth is primarily studied. Using exclusion mapping, we reported a subcongenic (26-P) rat where a 0.71-Mbp region containing the pregnancy-associated plasma protein a2 (Pappa2) allele of salt-insensitive Brown Norway (BN) was introgressed into Dahl saltsensitive (SS) genetic background, resulting in the reduction of salt sensitivity. Pappa2 was differentially expressed in the adult kidney of 26-P and SS rats. Here, the expression and cellular localization of Pappa2 in embryonic and postnatal kidneys of 26-P and SS rats were examined. Pappa2 mRNA expression was 5-fold higher in the embryonic kidney (day 20.5) of the 26-P rat compared with the SS rat. Pappa2 mRNA expression progressively increased with the development of kidney, reaching a peak at postnatal day 5 before trending downward in subsequent stages of development in both strains. At all tested time points, Pappa2 remained higher in the 26-P compared with the SS rat kidney. Immunohistochemistry studies localized PAPPA2 in the ureteric bud (UB) and distal part of S-shaped body. PAPPA2 was colocalized with IGFBP-5 in the UB and Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter-stained tubules, respectively. Future studies are needed to determine the role of Pappa2 in kidney development and mechanistic pathways involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Allen W Cowley
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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de Paula Vasconcelos PC, Tirloni CAS, Palozi RAC, Leitão MM, Carneiro MTS, Schaedler MI, Silva AO, Souza RIC, Salvador MJ, Junior AG, Kassuya CAL. Diuretic herb Gomphrena celosioides Mart. (Amaranthaceae) promotes sustained arterial pressure reduction and protection from cardiac remodeling on rats with renovascular hypertension. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 224:126-133. [PMID: 29842964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gomphrena celosioides Mart., belonging to the Amaranthaceae family, is a weed known as "perpétua," and its ethnopharmacological use is to treat of urinary tract disorders and kidney stones. Urinary tract disorders and kidney stones could include several pathological conditions such hypertension, diuretic and lithiasic problems. In the present work a model of renovascular hypertension was developed in vivo to investigate its usefulness as an antihypertensive drug. AIM OF THE STUDY Evaluate the effect of acute and 28 day oral administration of G. celosioides extract on systemic arterial pressure and diuresis of renovascular-hypertensive rats, as well as its effect on cardiac remodeling and vascular reactivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethanolic extract of G. celosioides (EEGC) was used. To induce renovascular hypertension, adult male Wistar rats were submitted to Goldblatt 1K1C or 2K1C surgery. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 1K1C animals was directly assessed by cannulation of the carotid artery before and after intraduodenal acute administration of 30, 100 or 300 mg/kg of EEGC. For the 4-week assay, 2K1C animals received daily treatments with water (control group), 100 mg/kg EEGC or 15 mg/kg enalapril for 28 days. Diuresis and caudal blood pressure were assessed weekly, and at the 28th day of treatment, the MAP was directly quantified shortly before euthanasia. Internal organs were removed, weighed and routinely processed for histology and the left ventricle wall was measured. Blood was collected for biochemical analysis and mechanism investigation by quantification of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity and aldosterone, nitrite and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentration. The rats' mesenteric beds were isolated and cannulated to have their pressure variation assessed after crescent doses of phenylephrine (Phe), acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). RESULTS EEGC acutely reduced MAP the dose of 100 mg/kg. In the 4-week assay, EEGC acted as diuretic after acute administration after 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of treatment. EEGC also acted as an antihypertensive and it showed significant difference already after 1 week (and after 3 and 4 weeks) compared to control, with its MAP close to pre-surgery values at the end of the experiment. It promoted ACE inhibition, which led to lower aldosterone levels. The lower TBARS and higher nitrite concentration found in the EEGC group suggest antioxidant activity and NO maintenance. Moreover, EEGC counteracted the impairment of vascular reactivity induced by renovascular hypertension. The extract group presented thinner left ventricle wall compared to the control, meaning reduced hypertension-induced cardiac remodeling. CONCLUSIONS The G. celosioides diuretic effect is maintained on renovascular hypertensive rats and can reduce the blood pressure after the first week of treatment by inhibiting ACE and these effects are longstanding and strong enough to promote protection against cardiac remodeling. Therefore, it shows potential as an antihypertensive drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maicon Matos Leitão
- College of Health Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Aniely Oliveira Silva
- College of Health Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | | | - Marcos José Salvador
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Biology, PPG BTPB, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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10
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de Almeida CLB, Cechinel-Filho V, Boeing T, Mariano LNB, Silva LMD, Andrade SFD, de Souza P. Prolonged diuretic and saluretic effect of nothofagin isolated from Leandra dasytricha (A. Gray) Cogn. leaves in normotensive and hypertensive rats: Role of antioxidant system and renal protection. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 279:227-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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11
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Komatsu S, Kitazawa T, Ikebe M. Visualization of stimulus-specific heterogeneous activation of individual vascular smooth muscle cells in aortic tissues. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:434-446. [PMID: 28295256 PMCID: PMC5741290 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular communication among autonomic nerves, endothelial cells (ECs), and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a central role in an uninterrupted regulation of blood flow through vascular contractile machinery. Impairment of this communication is linked to development of vascular diseases such as hypertension, cerebral/coronary vasospasms, aortic aneurism, and erectile dysfunction. Although the basic concept of the communication as a whole has been studied, the spatiotemporal correlation of ECs/VSMCs in tissues at the cellular level is unknown. Here, we show a unique VSMC response to ECs during contraction and relaxation of isolated aorta tissues through visualization of spatiotemporal activation patterns of smooth muscle myosin II. ECs in the intimal layer dictate the stimulus-specific heterogeneous activation pattern of myosin II in VSMCs within distinct medial layers. Myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation (active form of myosin II) gradually increases towards outer layers (approximately threefold higher MLC phosphorylation at the outermost layer than that of the innermost layer), presumably by release of an intercellular messenger, nitric oxide (NO). Our study also demonstrates that the MLC phosphorylation at the outermost layer in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) during NO-induced relaxation is quite high and approximately 10-fold higher than that of its counterpart, the Wister-Kyoto rats (WKY), suggesting that the distinct pattern of myosin II activation within tissues is important for vascular protection against elevated blood pressure.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiology
- Biomarkers
- Cell Communication
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/physiology
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- In Vitro Techniques
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology
- Myosin Light Chains/metabolism
- Myosin Type II/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Time Factors
- Vasoconstriction
- Vasodilation
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Komatsu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Toshio Kitazawa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Mitsuo Ikebe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
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12
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Seidel E, Scholl UI. Genetic mechanisms of human hypertension and their implications for blood pressure physiology. Physiol Genomics 2017; 49:630-652. [PMID: 28887369 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00032.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension, or elevated blood pressure, constitutes a major public health burden that affects more than 1 billion people worldwide and contributes to ~9 million deaths annually. Hereditary factors are thought to contribute to up to 50% of interindividual blood pressure variability. Blood pressure in the general population approximately shows a normal distribution and is thought to be a polygenic trait. In rare cases, early-onset hypertension or hypotension are inherited as Mendelian traits. The identification of the underlying Mendelian genes and variants has contributed to our understanding of the physiology of blood pressure regulation, emphasizing renal salt handling and the renin angiotensin aldosterone system as players in the determination of blood pressure. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed more than 100 variants that are associated with blood pressure, typically with small effect sizes, which cumulatively explain ~3.5% of blood pressure trait variability. Several GWAS associations point to a role of the vasculature in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Despite these advances, the majority of the genetic contributors to blood pressure regulation are currently unknown; whether large-scale exome or genome sequencing studies will unravel these factors remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Seidel
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ute I Scholl
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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13
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Schlickmann F, de Souza P, Boeing T, Mariano LNB, Steimbach VMB, Krueger CDMA, da Silva LM, de Andrade SF, Cechinel-Filho V. Chemical composition and diuretic, natriuretic and kaliuretic effects of extracts of Mimosa bimucronata (DC.) Kuntze leaves and its majority constituent methyl gallate in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 69:1615-1624. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Some species of the genus Mimosa showed promising results in previous investigations, which include diuretic effect; however, no chemical analyses or animal model has been conducted so far to evaluate the biological properties of M. bimucronata.
Methods
Male Wistar rats received the oral treatment with vehicle; hydrochlorothiazide; methanolic extract from M. bimucronata (MEMB), dichloromethane (DCM) and ethyl acetate (EA) fractions or methyl gallate (MG). The cumulative urine volume, electrolytes excretion, pH and osmolality were determined at the end of the experiment.
Key findings
The chemical studies demonstrated that the phenolic compounds are the majorities in the plant, with the MG being the main substance identified. We showed that MEMB and EA fraction, but not DCM, exhibited diuretic and saluretic effects. Similarly, the MG also revealed diuretic, natriuretic and kaliuretic properties to both normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Atropine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, fully prevented MG-induced diuresis and saluresis. In addition, MG did not alter the viability of A7r5 and L929 cell lines and neither stimulated nitric oxide generation.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that M. bimucronata extracts and its majority compound MG present diuretic, natriuretic and kaliuretic properties, which was dependent on the activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabile Schlickmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Thaise Boeing
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Luisa N B Mariano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Viviane M B Steimbach
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Clarissa de M A Krueger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Luísa M da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Sérgio F de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Valdir Cechinel-Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, SC, Brazil
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Yuliandra Y, Armenia A, Arifin H. Antihypertensive and antioxidant activity of Cassytha filiformis L.: A correlative study. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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15
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Diuretic, natriuretic and potassium-sparing effect of nothofagin isolated from Leandra dasytricha (A. Gray) Cogn. leaves in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 268:103-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Wang X, Garrett MR. Nephron number, hypertension, and CKD: physiological and genetic insight from humans and animal models. Physiol Genomics 2017; 49:180-192. [PMID: 28130427 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00098.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidneys play a vital role in the excretion of waste products and the regulation of electrolytes, maintenance of acid-base balance, regulation of blood pressure, and production of several hormones. Any alteration in the structure of the nephron (basic functional unit of the kidney) can have a major impact on the kidney's ability to work efficiently. Progressive decline in kidney function can lead to serious illness and ultimately death if not treated by dialysis or transplantation. While there have been numerous studies that implicate lower nephron numbers as being an important factor in influencing susceptibility to developing hypertension and chronic kidney disease, a direct association has been difficult to establish because of three main limitations: 1) the large variation in nephron number observed in the human population; 2) no established reliable noninvasive methods to determine nephron complement; and 3) to date, nephron measurements have been done after death, which doesn't adequately account for potential loss of nephrons with age or disease. In this review, we will provide an overview of kidney structure/function, discuss the current literature for both humans and other species linking nephron deficiency and cardio-renal complications, as well as describe the major molecular signaling factors involved in nephrogenesis that modulate variation in nephron number. As more detailed knowledge about the molecular determinants of nephron development and the role of nephron endowment in the cardio-renal system is obtained, it will hopefully provide clinicians the ability to accurately identify people at risk to develop CKD/hypertension and lead to a shift in patient care from disease treatment to prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Michael R Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and .,Department of Medicine (Nephrology) and Pediatrics (Genetics), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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17
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In Vivo Analysis of Hypertension: Induction of Hypertension, In Vivo Kinase Manipulation, and Assessment of Physiologic Outputs. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28116734 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6625-7_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Using an in vivo model system to study signal transduction will include several steps: (1) induce hypertension in the animal, (2) manipulate kinase activation and signal transduction pathways as desired, and (3) observe physiologic outputs. This chapter provides the reader with overviews of the techniques our lab uses to manipulate signal transduction pathways and determine the effects on hypertension.
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18
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Lin HY, Lee YT, Chan YW, Tse G. Animal models for the study of primary and secondary hypertension in humans. Biomed Rep 2016; 5:653-659. [PMID: 28105333 PMCID: PMC5228353 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is defined as systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP/DBP) >140 and 90 mmHg, respectively. Individuals with an SBP between 120 and 139, or DBP between 80 and 89 mmHg, are said to exhibit pre-hypertension. Hypertension can have primary or secondary causes. Primary or essential hypertension is a multifactorial disease caused by interacting environmental and polygenic factors. Secondary causes are renovascular hypertension, renal disease, endocrine disorders and other medical conditions. The aim of the present review article was to examine the different animal models that have been generated for studying the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying hypertension. Their advantages, disadvantages and limitations will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu Yu Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Yee Ting Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Yin Wah Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1AG, UK
| | - Gary Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
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Parchwani DN, Patel DD, Rawtani J, Dikshit N. Association of Mbo I-RFLP at the Renin Locus (rs2368564) with Essential Hypertension. Indian J Clin Biochem 2016; 31:431-8. [PMID: 27605740 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-015-0546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of experimental and clinical evidence have alluded a pivotal role of renin in blood pressure homeostasis and therefore a relevance of molecular variants of the renin gene and essential hypertension have been speculated. This study was designed to evaluate the pattern, alliance and risk of renin Mbo I (10631A>G; rs2368564) polymorphism at the locus intron 9 for a possible role in modulating essential hypertension in adult population from Gujarat (India). A total of 257 consecutively enrolled essential hypertensive patients and 270 controls were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method for the selected marker. Suitable descriptive statistics was used for different variables. Genotypic (x(2) 10.43, p 0.0054) and allelic (x(2) 11.46, p 0.0007) distribution of this SNP displayed significant differences between cases and controls with an increased frequency of the A allele (x(2) 6.275; p 0.0122) and A/A geno-type (x(2) 8.247; p 0.0041) in hypertensive individuals. However, it showed no deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in either affected or control group. A significant association was found in the A/A variant of rs2368564 with essential hypertension (p 0.0032), along with a statistically significant increase in odds of hypertension (OR 1.69; CI 1.46-2.28; p 0.02), even after confounding factors were adjusted in multiple logistic regression analysis and is substantiated by inter-genotypic variations in the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients. In conclusion, renin 10631A>G gene mutation at the ninth intron play critical roles in BP (dys)regulation and can be implicated in an individual's susceptibility for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Digisha D Patel
- Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhuj, Gujarat India
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20
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Tochitani T, Mori M, Matsuda K, Kouchi M, Fujii Y, Matsumoto I. Histopathological characteristics of renal changes in human renin-angiotensinogen double transgenic rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2015; 29:125-9. [PMID: 27182118 PMCID: PMC4866003 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2015-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The human renin-angiotensinogen double transgenic rat (dTGR) is a model of hypertension. The aim of this short report was to describe the histopathological characteristics of the renal changes in this rat strain in detail. Seven to nine-week-old male dTGRs were euthanized, and their kidneys were histopathologically examined. At the time of sacrifice, the average systolic blood pressure of the dTGRs was 258 mmHg, while that of age-matched, normal Sprague-Dawley rats was 135 mmHg. In the kidney, histopathological changes were observed mainly in blood vessels, tubules and glomeruli. In blood vessels, changes including medial hypertrophy, intimal thickening, hyaline change and/or fibrinoid necrosis were observed in arteries and arterioles. In tubules, changes including tubular basophilia were observed radially, mainly around interlobular arteries with lesions. In glomeruli, changes including hyaline droplet accumulation in podocytes, which was accompanied by increased expression of desmin, were observed. These changes were similar to those reported in other hypertension models, such as the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). We hope that this short report will be helpful in histopathological examination of renal changes in this or other hypertension models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Tochitani
- Preclinical Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 3-1-98 Kasugade-naka, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554-0022, Japan
| | - Masaya Mori
- Drug Development Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 3-1-98 Kasugade-naka, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554-0022, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Innovative Drug Discovery Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 3-1-98 Kasugade-naka, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554-0022, Japan
| | - Mami Kouchi
- Preclinical Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 3-1-98 Kasugade-naka, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554-0022, Japan
| | - Yuta Fujii
- Preclinical Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 3-1-98 Kasugade-naka, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554-0022, Japan
| | - Izumi Matsumoto
- Preclinical Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 3-1-98 Kasugade-naka, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554-0022, Japan
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Chi Y, Jasmin JF, Seki Y, Lisanti MP, Charron MJ, Lefer DJ, Schuster VL. Inhibition of the Prostaglandin Transporter PGT Lowers Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Rats and Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131735. [PMID: 26121580 PMCID: PMC4488299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting the synthesis of endogenous prostaglandins with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs exacerbates arterial hypertension. We hypothesized that the converse, i.e., raising the level of endogenous prostaglandins, might have anti-hypertensive effects. To accomplish this, we focused on inhibiting the prostaglandin transporter PGT (SLCO2A1), which is the obligatory first step in the inactivation of several common PGs. We first examined the role of PGT in controlling arterial blood pressure blood pressure using anesthetized rats. The high-affinity PGT inhibitor T26A sensitized the ability of exogenous PGE2 to lower blood pressure, confirming both inhibition of PGT by T26A and the vasodepressor action of PGE2 T26A administered alone to anesthetized rats dose-dependently lowered blood pressure, and did so to a greater degree in spontaneously hypertensive rats than in Wistar-Kyoto control rats. In mice, T26A added chronically to the drinking water increased the urinary excretion and plasma concentration of PGE2 over several days, confirming that T26A is orally active in antagonizing PGT. T26A given orally to hypertensive mice normalized blood pressure. T26A increased urinary sodium excretion in mice and, when added to the medium bathing isolated mouse aortas, T26A increased the net release of PGE2 induced by arachidonic acid, inhibited serotonin-induced vasoconstriction, and potentiated vasodilation induced by exogenous PGE2. We conclude that pharmacologically inhibiting PGT-mediated prostaglandin metabolism lowers blood pressure, probably by prostaglandin-induced natriuresis and vasodilation. PGT is a novel therapeutic target for treating hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Chi
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Jean-Francois Jasmin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Yoshinori Seki
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Lisanti
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Maureen J. Charron
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - David J. Lefer
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Victor L. Schuster
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Consistent antioxidant and antihypertensive effects of oral sodium nitrite in DOCA-salt hypertension. Redox Biol 2015; 5:340-346. [PMID: 26119848 PMCID: PMC4491646 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a common disease that includes oxidative stress as a major feature, and oxidative stress impairs physiological nitric oxide (NO) activity promoting cardiovascular pathophysiological mechanisms. While inorganic nitrite and nitrate are now recognized as relevant sources of NO after their bioactivation by enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways, thus lowering blood pressure, mounting evidence suggests that sodium nitrite also exerts antioxidant effects. Here we show for the first time that sodium nitrite exerts consistent systemic and vascular antioxidant and antihypertensive effects in the deoxycorticosterone-salt (DOCA-salt) hypertension model. This is particularly important because increased oxidative stress plays a major role in the DOCA-salt hypertension model, which is less dependent on activation of the renin-angiotensin system than other hypertension models. Indeed, antihypertensive effects of oral nitrite were associated with increased plasma nitrite and nitrate concentrations, and completely blunted hypertension-induced increases in plasma 8-isoprostane and lipid peroxide levels, in vascular reactive oxygen species, in vascular NADPH oxidase activity, and in vascular xanthine oxidoreductase activity. Together, these findings provide evidence that the oral administration of sodium nitrite consistently decreases the blood pressure in association with major antioxidant effects in experimental hypertension. Nitrite is known to recycle back to NO under specific conditions. Antihypertensive effects have been shown for sodium nitrite in some animal models. The DOCA-salt hypertension model includes oxidative stress as a major pathogenetic mechanism. This study shows antihypertensive effects of nitrite in the DOCA-salt hypertension model. Reduction in arterial blood pressure was associated with important antioxidant effects of sodium nitrite.
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Bloksgaard M, Leurgans TM, Nissen I, Jensen PS, Hansen ML, Brewer JR, Bagatolli LA, Marcussen N, Irmukhamedov A, Rasmussen LM, De Mey JG. Elastin Organization in Pig and Cardiovascular Disease Patients' Pericardial Resistance Arteries. J Vasc Res 2015; 52:1-11. [DOI: 10.1159/000376548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Boon CM, Ng MH, Choo YM, Mok SL. Super, red palm and palm oleins improve the blood pressure, heart size, aortic media thickness and lipid profile in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55908. [PMID: 23409085 PMCID: PMC3569425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oleic acid has been shown to lower high blood pressure and provide cardiovascular protection. Curiosity arises as to whether super olein (SO), red palm olein (RPO) and palm olein (PO), which have high oleic acid content, are able to prevent the development of hypertension. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Four-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were fed 15% SO, RPO or PO supplemented diet for 15 weeks. After 15 weeks of treatment, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) of SHR treated with SO, RPO and PO were 158.4±5.0 mmHg (p<0.001), 178.9±2.7 mmHg (p<0.001) and 167.7±2.1 mmHg (p<0.001), respectively, compared with SHR controls (220.9±1.5 mmHg). Bradycardia was observed with SO and PO. In contrast, the SBP and heart rate of treated WKY rats were not different from those of WKY controls. The SO and PO significantly reduced the increased heart size and thoracic aortic media thickness observed in untreated SHR but RPO reduced only the latter. No such differences, however, were observed between the treated and untreated WKY rats. Oil Red O enface staining of thoracic-abdominal aorta did not show any lipid deposition in all treated rats. The SO and RPO significantly raised serum alkaline phosphatase levels in the SHR while body weight and renal biochemical indices were unaltered in both strains. Serum lipid profiles of treated SHR and WKY rats were unchanged, with the exception of a significant reduction in LDL-C level and total cholesterol/HDL ratio (atherogenic index) in SO and RPO treated SHR compared with untreated SHR. CONCLUSION The SO, RPO and PO attenuate the rise in blood pressure in SHR, accompanied by bradycardia and heart size reduction with SO and PO, and aortic media thickness reduction with SO, RPO and PO. The SO and RPO are antiatherogenic in nature by improving blood lipid profiles in SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee-Meng Boon
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mei-Han Ng
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yuen-May Choo
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shiueh-Lian Mok
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Gasparotto Junior A, Gasparotto FM, Boffo MA, Lourenço ELB, Stefanello MÉA, Salvador MJ, da Silva-Santos JE, Marques MCA, Kassuya CAL. Diuretic and potassium-sparing effect of isoquercitrin-an active flavonoid of Tropaeolum majus L. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 134:210-215. [PMID: 21163342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Previous studies have shown that the extracts obtained from Tropaeolum majus L. exhibit pronounced diuretic effects supporting the ethnopharmacological use of this plant as diuretic. In the present work, phytochemical investigation, guided by bio-assay in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), was carried out in order to identify the compounds responsible for diuretic action. MATERIAL AND METHODS Chromatographic fractionation of the hydroethanolic extract yielded an active fraction (TMLR) rich in isoquercitrin. TMLR (25-100mg/kg) and isoquercitrin (5-10mg/kg), as well the reference drug hydrochlorothiazide (10mg/kg) were orally administered in a single dose or daily for 7 days to SHR. The urine excretion rate, pH, density, conductivity and content of sodium (Na(+)) and potassium (K(+)) electrolytes were measured in the urine of saline-loaded animals. RESULTS The urinary excretion rate was dose-dependently increased in both TMLR and isoquercitrin groups, as well as Na(+). Despite the changes in urinary excretion of electrolytes, the plasmatic levels of Na(+) and K(+) had not been changed. In addition, we did not find any evidence of renal toxicity or other adverse effects in these animals, even after prolonged treatment with TMLR or isoquercitrin. CONCLUSION This research supports and extends the ethnomedicinal use of T. majus as diuretic. This activity seems to be associated to the presence of the flavonol isoquercitrin.
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Gasparotto Junior A, Gasparotto FM, Lourenço ELB, Crestani S, Stefanello MEA, Salvador MJ, da Silva-Santos JE, Marques MCA, Kassuya CAL. Antihypertensive effects of isoquercitrin and extracts from Tropaeolum majus L.: evidence for the inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 134:363-372. [PMID: 21185932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Previous studies have shown that the extracts obtained from Tropaeolum majus L. exhibit pronounced diuretic properties. In the present study, we assessed whether the hypotensive and/or antihypertensive mechanism of hydroethanolic extract (HETM), semi-purified fraction (TMLR) obtained from T. majus and the flavonoids isoquercitrin (ISQ) and kaempferol (KPF) can be mediated by their interaction with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). METHODS AND METHODS Firstly, to evaluate changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP), different groups of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were orally and intraduodenally treated with HETM (10-300 mg/kg) and TMLR (12.5-100mg/kg) and intravenously treated with ISQ and KPF being later anesthetized with ketamine (100mg/kg) and xylazine (20mg/kg). The left femoral vein and the right carotid artery were isolated, and polyethylene catheters were inserted for ISQ and KPF (0.5-4 mg/kg) administration and blood pressure recording, respectively. The plasmatic ACE activity was evaluated to indirect fluorimetry, in serum samples after orally treatment with HETM, TMLR, ISQ and KPF. RESULTS The oral administration of the HETM and its TMLR significantly reduced, in a dose-dependent manner, the MAP in both normotensive and SHR. In addition, these preparations significantly decreased the MAP for up to 3h after the administration of the extract. Additionally, the intravenous administration of ISQ, but not KPF, decreased MAP in rats. Otherwise, neither the extracts nor ISQ affected the heart rate. The oral administration of the HETM, TMLR or ISQ reduced ACE activity in serum samples at 90 min after administration. Finally, the intravenous administration of ISQ caused a significant reduction in the hypertensive response to angiotensin I, but not angiotensin II in normotensive rats. CONCLUSION Our results show that the hypotensive effects caused by the HETM, as well as by its TMLR, may be associated with the high levels of the flavonoid ISQ found in this plant. In addition, ISQ-induced hypotension in rats is an event dependent on the inhibition of angiotensin II generation by ACE.
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Chen TI, Lai CJ, Hsieh CJ, Tsai KL, Yang KT. Differences in left ventricular cardiomyocyte loss induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia between spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats. Sleep Breath 2010; 15:845-54. [PMID: 21136300 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-010-0448-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is thought to induce several cardiovascular effects in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). However, the effects of CIH on patients with long-standing hypertension are unknown. PURPOSE This prospective study aimed to investigate the influence of combined OSA and hypertension on cardiomyocyte death. METHODS Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were exposed to repetitive hypoxia-reoxygenation cycles (30 s of 5% O(2); 45 s of 21% O(2)) or room air for 6 h/day during the light phase (10 a.m.-4 p.m.) for 10, 20, or 30 days, and the levels of necrosis and apoptosis induced in their left ventricular cardiomyocyte were examined. RESULTS CIH increased the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which induced cardiomyocyte necrosis in WKY and SHR (both p < 0.05). Cardiomyocyte oxidative stress levels by CIH were higher in SHR than in WKY (p < 0.05); therefore, cardiomyocyte necrosis was amplified (p < 0.05). Notably, if a superoxide-scavenging agent is injected beforehand, cardiomyocyte necrosis can be effectively inhibited (p < 0.05). When WKY and SHR are exposed to CIH, increases in mitochondria-released cytochrome c and activation of caspase-3 are found in the cytosolic fraction only in WKY. CONCLUSIONS CIH causes cardiomyocyte loss in SHR mainly through cardiomyocyte necrosis. In WKY however, CIH simultaneously induces apoptosis and necrosis of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-I Chen
- Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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