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Owen BC, Jarrell TM, Schwartz JC, Oglesbee R, Carlsen M, Archibold EF, Kenttämaa HI. A Differentially Pumped Dual Linear Quadrupole Ion Trap (DLQIT) Mass Spectrometer: A Mass Spectrometer Capable of MSn Experiments Free From Interfering Reactions. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11284-90. [PMID: 24171553 DOI: 10.1021/ac401956f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C. Owen
- Center for Direct
Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, 1203
W. State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tiffany M. Jarrell
- Center for Direct
Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, 1203
W. State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jae C. Schwartz
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 355 River Oak Parkway, San
Jose, California 95134, United States
| | - Rob Oglesbee
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mark Carlsen
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Enada F. Archibold
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hilkka I. Kenttämaa
- Center for Direct
Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, 1203
W. State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Eismin RJ, Fu M, Yem S, Widjaja F, Kenttämaa HI. Identification of epoxide functionalities in protonated monofunctional analytes by using ion/molecule reactions and collision-activated dissociation in different ion trap tandem mass spectrometers. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 23:12-22. [PMID: 22002227 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-011-0249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A mass spectrometric method has been delineated for the identification of the epoxide functionalities in unknown monofunctional analytes. This method utilizes gas-phase ion/molecule reactions of protonated analytes with neutral trimethyl borate (TMB) followed by collision-activated dissociation (CAD) in an ion trapping mass spectrometer (tested for a Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance and a linear quadrupole ion trap). The ion/molecule reaction involves proton transfer from the protonated analyte to TMB, followed by addition of the analyte to TMB and elimination of methanol. Based on literature, this reaction allows the general identification of oxygen-containing analytes. Vinyl and phenyl epoxides can be differentiated from other oxygen-containing analytes, including other epoxides, based on the loss of a second methanol molecule upon CAD of the addition/methanol elimination product. The only other analytes found to undergo this elimination are some amides but they also lose O = B-R (R = group bound to carbonyl), which allows their identification. On the other hand, other epoxides can be differentiated from vinyl and phenyl epoxides and from other monofunctional analytes based on the loss of (CH(3)O)(2)BOH or formation of protonated (CH(3)O)(2)BOH upon CAD of the addition/methanol elimination product. For propylene oxide and 2,3-dimethyloxirane, the (CH(3)O)(2)BOH fragment is more basic than the hydrocarbon fragment, and the diagnostic ion (CH(3)O)(2)BOH (2) (+) is formed. These reactions involve opening of the epoxide ring. The only other analytes found to undergo (CH(3)O)(2)BOH elimination are carboxylic acids, but they can be differentiated from the rest based on several published ion/molecule reaction methods. Similar results were obtained in the Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance and linear quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Eismin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Habicht SC, Vinueza NR, Amundson LM, Kenttämaa HI. Comparison of functional group selective ion-molecule reactions of trimethyl borate in different ion trap mass spectrometers. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2011; 22:520-530. [PMID: 21472570 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-010-0050-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report here a comparison of the use of diagnostic ion-molecule reactions for the identification of oxygen-containing functional groups in Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) and linear quadrupole ion trap (LQIT) mass spectrometers. The ultimate goal of this research is to be able to identify functionalities in previously unknown analytes by using many different types of mass spectrometers. Previous work has focused on the reactions of various boron reagents with protonated oxygen-containing analytes in FTICR mass spectrometers. By using a LQIT modified to allow the introduction of neutral reagents into the helium buffer gas, this methodology has been successfully implemented to this type of an ion trap instrument. The products obtained from the reactions of trimethyl borate (TMB) with various protonated analytes are compared for the two instruments. Finally, the ability to integrate these reactions into LC-MS experiments on the LQIT is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve C Habicht
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, Brown Building, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
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Wu L, Liu DQ, Kord AS. Gas-phase meerwein reaction of epoxides with protonated acetonitrile generated by atmospheric pressure ionizations. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2010; 21:1802-1813. [PMID: 20691605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2010.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Ethylnitrilium ion can be generated by protonation of acetonitrile (when used as the LC-MS mobile phase) under the conditions of atmospheric pressure ionizations, including electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) as well as atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI). Ethylnitrilium ion (CH(3)-C≡N+H and its canonical form CH(3)-C+=NH) is shown to efficiently undergo the gas-phase Meerwein reaction with epoxides. This reaction proceeds by the initial formation of an oxonium ion followed by three-to-five-membered ring expansion via an intramolecular nucleophilic attack to yield the Meerwein reaction products. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level show that the gas-phase Meerwein reaction is thermodynamically favorable. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) of the Meerwein reaction products yields the net oxygen-by-nitrogen replacement of epoxides with a characteristic mass shift of 1 Da, providing evidence for the cyclic nature of the gas-phase Meerwein reaction products. The gas-phase Meerwein reaction offers a novel and fast LC-MS approach for the direct analysis of epoxides that might be of genotoxic concern during drug development. Understanding and utilizing this unique gas-phase ion/molecule reaction, the sensitivity and selectivity for quantitation of epoxides can be enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianming Wu
- Analytical Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA.
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Midey AJ, Miller TM, Viggiano AA. Kinetics of Ion−Molecule Reactions with Dimethyl Methylphosphonate at 298 K for Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry Detection of GX. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:4982-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp900614a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Midey
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Road, Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts 01731-3010
| | - Thomas M. Miller
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Road, Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts 01731-3010
| | - A. A. Viggiano
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, 29 Randolph Road, Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts 01731-3010
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Meurer EC, Eberlin MN. The atmospheric pressure Meerwein reaction. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2006; 41:470-6. [PMID: 16498596 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We have already shown that the in-vacuum gas-phase Meerwein reaction of (thio)acylium ions is general in nature and useful for class-selective screening of cyclic (thio)epoxides. Herein we report that this gas-phase reaction can also be performed efficiently at atmospheric pressure under both electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) conditions. This alternative expands the range of molecules that can be reacted by gas-phase Meerwein reaction. Phenyl epoxide, thiirane, 3-methoxy-2,2-dimethyloxirane, propylene oxide, 2,2'-bioxirane, trans-1,3-diphenyl-2,3-epoxypropan-1-one, epichloridrine and propylene oxide are shown to react efficiently in both ESI and APCI conditions. Tetramethylurea (TMU) and (thio)TMU were both used as dopants, being co-injected with either toluene, acetonitrile or methanol solutions of the (thio)epoxides, with similar results. In both ESI and APCI, (thio)TMU is protonated preferentially, and these labile species dissociate promptly to yield (CH3)2N-C+=O and (CH3)2NCS+, which are the least acidic and most reactive (thio)acylium ions so far tested in the gas-phase Meerwein reaction. Under the low-energy ESI conditions set to favor both the formation of the (thio)acylium ion and ion/molecule reactions, (CH3)2NCO(S)+ react competitively with (thio)TMU to form acylated (thio)TMU and with the (thio)epoxide to form the characteristic Meerwein products. Enhanced selectivity in structural characterization or for the screening of (thio)epoxides is achieved by performing on-line collision-induced dissociation of Meerwein products, particularly for the more structurally complex (thio)epoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo C Meurer
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-970, Brazil
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Eberlin MN. Structurally diagnostic ion/molecule reactions: class and functional-group identification by mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2006; 41:141-56. [PMID: 16447303 DOI: 10.1002/jms.998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This article discusses the application of gas-phase ion/molecule reactions for fine structural elucidation in mass spectrometry. This approach is illustrated via a representative collection of class- and functional group-selective reactions, a few of historical relevance as well as by more recent and instructive examples, and their applications. The focus is on reactions performed under well-controlled conditions of sequential mass spectrometry, discussing key mechanistic details and potential applications. Recent and innovative strategies that allow these reactions to be performed under ambient conditions, making this fast, selective and sensitive approach for structural investigation much more generally applicable, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos N Eberlin
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, ThoMSon Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Cooks RG, Chen H, Eberlin MN, Zheng X, Tao WA. Polar Acetalization and Transacetalization in the Gas Phase: The Eberlin Reaction. Chem Rev 2006; 106:188-211. [PMID: 16402776 DOI: 10.1021/cr0400921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R G Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
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Chen H, Xu R, Chen H, Cooks RG, Ouyang Z. Ion/molecule reactions in a miniature RIT mass spectrometer. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2005; 40:1403-11. [PMID: 16255061 DOI: 10.1002/jms.924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ion/molecule reactions were explored in a newly developed miniature mass spectrometer fitted with a rectilinear ion trap (RIT) mass analyzer. The tandem mass spectrometry performance of this instrument is demonstrated using collision induced dissociation (CID) and ion/molecule reactions. The latter includes Eberlin transacetalization reactions and electrophilic additions. Selective detection of the chemical warfare simulant dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) was achieved through selective Eberlin reactions of its characteristic phosphonium fragment ion CH3OP(+)(O)CH3 (m/z 93), with 1,4-dioxane or 1,3-dioxolane. Efficient adduct formation as a result of electrophilic attack by the phosphonium ion on various nucleophilic reagents, including 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl urea, methanesulfonic acid methyl ester, dimethyl sulfoxide and methyl salicylate, was also observed using the RIT device. The product ions of these reactions were analyzed using CID and the characteristic fragmentation patterns of the ionic addition products were recorded using multiple-stage experiments in the miniature RIT instrument. This study clearly demonstrates that a small, home-built, miniature RIT mass spectrometer can be used to perform analytically useful ion/molecule reactions and also that instruments like this have the potential to provide a portable platform for in situ detection of organophosphorus esters and related compounds with high specificity using tandem mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanwen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2005; 40:129-140. [PMID: 15672451 DOI: 10.1002/jms.799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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