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Lamba A, Taneja V. Gut microbiota as a sensor of autoimmune response and treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Rev 2024; 325:90-106. [PMID: 38867408 PMCID: PMC11338721 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered a multifactorial condition where interaction between the genetic and environmental factors lead to immune dysregulation causing autoreactivity. While among the various genetic factors, HLA-DR4 and DQ8, have been reported to be the strongest risk factors, the role of various environmental factors has been unclear. Though events initiating autoreactivity remain unknown, a mucosal origin of RA has gained attention based on the recent observations with the gut dysbiosis in patients. However, causality of gut dysbiosis has been difficult to prove in humans. Mouse models, especially mice expressing RA-susceptible and -resistant HLA class II genes have helped unravel the complex interactions between genetic factors and gut microbiome. This review describes the interactions between HLA genes and gut dysbiosis in sex-biased preclinical autoreactivity and discusses the potential use of endogenous commensals as indicators of treatment efficacy as well as therapeutic tool to suppress pro-inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veena Taneja
- Department of Immunology and Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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Shanmugam VK, Temkin SM, Clayton JA, Cui Y, Humble MC, Rider LG, Serrate-Sztein S, Cibotti R, Criswell LA. Coordination and Collaboration to Support Exposome Research in Autoimmune Diseases. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38992882 DOI: 10.1002/acr.25402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuxia Cui
- National Institute of Environmental Health Services, NIH, Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Michael C Humble
- National Institute of Environmental Health Services, NIH, Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Lisa G Rider
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Susana Serrate-Sztein
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ricardo Cibotti
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lindsey A Criswell
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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Baggett KH, Brandon TG, Xiao R, Weiss PF. Association of Infant Breastfeeding and Juvenile Spondyloarthritis: A Case-Control Study. J Rheumatol 2024; 51:708-714. [PMID: 38561193 PMCID: PMC11216860 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.2023-1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Given the multifactorial pathogenesis of juvenile spondyloarthritis (JSpA) and evidence of a protective effect in phenotypically similar diseases, we aimed to test whether breastfeeding is associated with the development and disease activity of JSpA. METHODS This single-center retrospective case-control study included children with JSpA and age- and sex-matched controls with a 1:1 ratio. Univariable and multivariable conditional logistic regression modeling for matched pairs was used to test the association of infant factors with the development of JSpA, including infant nutrition and form of delivery. Linear regression was used to assess the association of JSpA disease activity (JSpA Disease Activity Index with 6 elements [JSpADA6]) at presentation with breastfeeding exposure, form of delivery, and antibiotic exposure. RESULTS For the 195 case-control matched pairs, the mean age was 13.0 years and 47.7% were female. For breastfeeding, 88.7% of controls and 69.2% of JSpA cases were exposed to breastfeeding of any duration, respectively (P < 0.001). In the multivariable model, exclusive breastfeeding > 6 months was independently and significantly associated with a lower chance of JSpA development (odds ratio 0.47, 95% CI 0.30-0.72; P < 0.001). The median JSpADA6 was not significantly associated with breastfeeding for > 6 months. However, vaginal delivery was significantly associated with a lower JSpADA6 (B = -0.65, 95% CI -1.13 to -0.17; P = 0.008). CONCLUSION This study suggests that infant factors that affect the microbiome may be associated with the occurrence and disease activity of JSpA at presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn H Baggett
- K.H. Baggett, BSc, T.G. Brandon, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Futures at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Timothy G Brandon
- K.H. Baggett, BSc, T.G. Brandon, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Futures at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Rui Xiao
- R. Xiao, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Pamela F Weiss
- P.F. Weiss, MD, MSCE, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, and Clinical Futures at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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4
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Ciou JJ, Chien MW, Hsu CY, Liu YW, Dong JL, Tsai SY, Yang SS, Lin SH, Yen BLJ, Fu SH, Sytwu HK. Excess Salt Intake Activates IL-21-Dominant Autoimmune Diabetogenesis via a Salt-Regulated Ste20-Related Proline/Alanine-Rich Kinase in CD4 T Cells. Diabetes 2024; 73:592-603. [PMID: 38241027 PMCID: PMC11031440 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The fundamental mechanisms by which a diet affects susceptibility to or modifies autoimmune diseases are poorly understood. Excess dietary salt intake acts as a risk factor for autoimmune diseases; however, little information exists on the impact of salt intake on type 1 diabetes. To elucidate the potential effect of high salt intake on autoimmune diabetes, nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice were fed a high-salt diet (HSD) or a normal-salt diet (NSD) from 6 to 12 weeks of age and monitored for diabetes development. Our results revealed that the HSD accelerated diabetes progression with more severe insulitis in NOD mice in a CD4+ T-cell-autonomous manner when compared with the NSD group. Moreover, expression of IL-21 and SPAK in splenic CD4+ T cells from HSD-fed mice was significantly upregulated. Accordingly, we generated T-cell-specific SPAK knockout (CKO) NOD mice and demonstrated that SPAK deficiency in T cells significantly attenuated diabetes development in NOD mice by downregulating IL-21 expression in CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, HSD-triggered diabetes acceleration was abolished in HSD-fed SPAK CKO mice when compared with HSD-fed NOD mice, suggesting an essential role of SPAK in salt-exacerbated T-cell pathogenicity. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of SPAK activity using a specific SPAK inhibitor (closantel) in NOD mice ameliorated diabetogenesis, further illuminating the potential of a SPAK-targeting immunotherapeutic approach for autoimmune diabetes. Here, we illustrate that a substantial association between salt sensitivity and the functional impact of SPAK on T-cell pathogenicity is a central player linking high-salt-intake influences to immunopathophysiology of diabetogenesis in NOD mice. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jie Ciou
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Chien
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Hsu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Liu
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ling Dong
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Ying Tsai
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Sen Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hua Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - B. Lin-Ju Yen
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Huei Fu
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- National Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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5
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Wang Y, Yang Y, Jia X, Zhao C, Yang C, Fan J, Wang N, Shi X. Identification of the shared genetic architecture underlying seven autoimmune diseases with GWAS summary statistics. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1303675. [PMID: 38259487 PMCID: PMC10800382 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1303675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The common clinical symptoms and immunopathological mechanisms have been observed among multiple autoimmune diseases (ADs), but the shared genetic etiology remains unclear. Methods GWAS summary statistics of seven ADs were downloaded from Open Targets Genetics and Dryad. Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) was applied to estimate overall genetic correlations, bivariate causal mixture model (MiXeR) was used to qualify the polygenic overlap, and stratified-LDSC partitioned heritability to reveal tissue and cell type specific enrichments. Ultimately, we conducted a novel adaptive association test called MTaSPUsSet for identifying pleiotropic genes. Results The high heritability of seven ADs ranged from 0.1228 to 0.5972, and strong genetic correlations among certain phenotypes varied between 0.185 and 0.721. There was substantial polygenic overlap, with the number of shared SNPs approximately 0.03K to 0.21K. The specificity of SNP heritability was enriched in the immune/hematopoietic related tissue and cells. Furthermore, we identified 32 pleiotropic genes associated with seven ADs, 23 genes were considered as novel genes. These genes were involved in several cell regulation pathways and immunologic signatures. Conclusion We comprehensively explored the shared genetic architecture across seven ADs. The findings progress the exploration of common molecular mechanisms and biological processes involved, and facilitate understanding of disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xuezhong Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Reuschlé Q, Van Heddegem L, Bosteels V, Moncan M, Depauw S, Wadier N, Maréchal S, De Nolf C, Delgado V, Messai Y, Stolzenberg MC, Magérus A, Werck A, Olagne J, Li Q, Lefevre G, Korganow AS, Rieux-Laucat F, Janssens S, Soulas-Sprauel P. Loss of function of XBP1 splicing activity of IRE1α favors B cell tolerance breakdown. J Autoimmun 2024; 142:103152. [PMID: 38071801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Anti-nuclear antibodies are the hallmark of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and scleroderma. However, the molecular mechanisms of B cell tolerance breakdown in these pathological contexts are poorly known. The study of rare familial forms of autoimmune diseases could therefore help to better describe common biological mechanisms leading to B cell tolerance breakdown. By Whole-Exome Sequencing, we identified a new heterozygous mutation (p.R594C) in ERN1 gene, encoding IRE1α (Inositol-Requiring Enzyme 1α), in a multiplex family with several members presenting autoantibody-mediated autoimmunity. Using human cell lines and a knock-in (KI) transgenic mouse model, we showed that this mutation led to a profound defect of IRE1α ribonuclease activity on X-Box Binding Protein 1 (XBP1) splicing. The KI mice developed a broad panel of autoantibodies, however in a subclinical manner. These results suggest that a decrease of spliced form of XBP1 (XBP1s) production could contribute to B cell tolerance breakdown and give new insights into the function of IRE1α which are important to consider for the development of IRE1α targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Reuschlé
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, F-67000, Strasbourg, France; Strasbourg University, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France; Arthritis R&D, Neuilly sur Seine, France
| | - Laurien Van Heddegem
- Laboratory for ER Stress and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Victor Bosteels
- Laboratory for ER Stress and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Moncan
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'immunogénétique des maladies auto-immunes pédiatriques, Institut Imagine, INSERM UMR_S1163, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Depauw
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, F-67000, Strasbourg, France; Strasbourg University, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nadège Wadier
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, F-67000, Strasbourg, France; Strasbourg University, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sandra Maréchal
- Laboratory for ER Stress and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Clint De Nolf
- Laboratory for ER Stress and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Barriers in Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Virginia Delgado
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, F-67000, Strasbourg, France; Strasbourg University, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Marie-Claude Stolzenberg
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'immunogénétique des maladies auto-immunes pédiatriques, Institut Imagine, INSERM UMR_S1163, Paris, France
| | - Aude Magérus
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'immunogénétique des maladies auto-immunes pédiatriques, Institut Imagine, INSERM UMR_S1163, Paris, France
| | - Angélique Werck
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jérôme Olagne
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Strasbourg, France; Department of Adult Nephrology, University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Guillaume Lefevre
- Inserm, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, University of Lille, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Korganow
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, F-67000, Strasbourg, France; Strasbourg University, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France; Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (CNR RESO), Tertiary Center for Primary Immunodeficiency, Strasbourg University Hospital, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédéric Rieux-Laucat
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'immunogénétique des maladies auto-immunes pédiatriques, Institut Imagine, INSERM UMR_S1163, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Janssens
- Laboratory for ER Stress and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pauline Soulas-Sprauel
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, F-67000, Strasbourg, France; Strasbourg University, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France; Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (CNR RESO), Tertiary Center for Primary Immunodeficiency, Strasbourg University Hospital, F-67000, Strasbourg, France.
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Mone K, Reddy J. The knowns and unknowns of cardiac autoimmunity in viral myocarditis. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2478. [PMID: 37658748 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Myocarditis can result from various infectious and non-infectious causes that can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and heart failure. Among the infectious causes, viruses are commonly suspected. But the challenge is our inability to demonstrate infectious viral particles during clinical presentations, partly because by that point, the viruses would have damaged the tissues and be cleared by the immune system. Therefore, viral signatures such as viral nucleic acids and virus-reactive antibodies may be the only readouts pointing to viruses as potential primary triggers of DCM. Thus, it becomes hard to explain persistent inflammatory infiltrates that might occur in individuals affected with chronic myocarditis/DCM manifesting myocardial dysfunctions. In these circumstances, autoimmunity is suspected, and antibodies to various autoantigens have been demonstrated, suggesting that immune therapies to suppress the autoimmune responses may be necessary. From this perspective, we endeavoured to determine whether or not the known viral causes are associated with development of autoimmune responses to cardiac antigens that include both cardiotropic and non-cardiotropic viruses. If so, what their nature and significance are in developing chronic myocarditis resulting from viruses as primary triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiruthiga Mone
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jay Reddy
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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TERZİ Ü, ATEŞ İ. SJÖGREN SENDROMU İLE BAZI GEN POLİMORFİZMLERİ ARASINDAKİ OLASI BAĞLANTILAR. ANKARA UNIVERSITESI ECZACILIK FAKULTESI DERGISI 2023; 47:7-7. [DOI: 10.33483/jfpau.1328811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Sjögren’s syndrome is a complex and widespread autoimmune disease whose pathogenesis is not fully elucidated and environmental and genetic factors affect the development of the disease. In order to reveal the effect of genetic contribution, studies have been conducted on the genes previously shown to play a role in other autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythromatosus. In addition, two GWAS studies were conducted to investigate the role of more genes in the disease by screening the entire genome and the relationship of previously unknown genes with SS was shown.
Result and Discussion: Studies are being conducted with spontaneous and genetically modified animal models in order to better reveal the relationship between SS and genes and to reinforce the data obtained from humans. In this study, the relationship between the genes previously studied in other autoimmune diseases and the genes associated with SS in GWAS studies and the possible pathways that may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease through related genes were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ülkü TERZİ
- ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ECZACILIK FAKÜLTESİ, ECZACILIK MESLEK BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, FARMASOTİK TOKSİKOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI
| | - İlker ATEŞ
- ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ECZACILIK FAKÜLTESİ, ECZACILIK MESLEK BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, FARMASOTİK TOKSİKOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI
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Connor BW, Smith SE, Kalus A. Exploring Immune Therapies in a Twin Case of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults and Generalized Granuloma Annulare. Clin Diabetes 2023; 41:583-586. [PMID: 37849513 PMCID: PMC10577501 DOI: 10.2337/cd22-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian W. Connor
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Andrea Kalus
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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10
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Demela P, Pirastu N, Soskic B. Cross-disorder genetic analysis of immune diseases reveals distinct gene associations that converge on common pathways. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2743. [PMID: 37173304 PMCID: PMC10182075 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38389-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have mapped thousands of susceptibility loci associated with immune-mediated diseases. To assess the extent of the genetic sharing across nine immune-mediated diseases we apply genomic structural equation modelling to GWAS data from European populations. We identify three disease groups: gastrointestinal tract diseases, rheumatic and systemic diseases, and allergic diseases. Although loci associated with the disease groups are highly specific, they converge on perturbing the same pathways. Finally, we test for colocalization between loci and single-cell eQTLs derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We identify the causal route by which 46 loci predispose to three disease groups and find evidence for eight genes being candidates for drug repurposing. Taken together, here we show that different constellations of diseases have distinct patterns of genetic associations, but that associated loci converge on perturbing different nodes in T cell activation and signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Demela
- Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Pirastu
- Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Blagoje Soskic
- Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1, 20157, Milan, Italy.
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11
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Brzezicka KA, Paulson JC. Impact of Siglecs on autoimmune diseases. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 90:101140. [PMID: 36055802 PMCID: PMC9905255 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases affect tens of millions of people just in the United States alone. Most of the available treatment options are aimed at reducing symptoms but do not lead to cures. Individuals affected with autoimmune diseases suffer from the imbalance between tolerogenic and immunogenic functions of their immune system. Often pathogenesis is mediated by autoreactive B and T cells that escape central tolerance and react against self-antigens attacking healthy tissues in the body. In recent years Siglecs, sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin (Ig)-like lectins, have gained attention as immune checkpoints for therapeutic interventions to dampen excessive immune responses and to restore immune tolerance in autoimmune diseases. Many Siglecs function as inhibitory receptors suppressing activation signals in various immune cells through binding to sialic acid ligands as signatures of self. In this review, we highlight potential of Siglecs in suppressing immune responses causing autoimmune diseases. In particular, we cover the roles of CD22 and Siglec-G/Siglec-10 in regulating autoreactive B cell responses. We discuss several functions of Siglec-10 in the immune modulation of other immune cells, and the potential of therapeutic strategies for restoring immune tolerance by targeting Siglecs and expanding regulatory T cells. Finally, we briefly review efforts evaluating Siglec-based biomarkers to monitor autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Alicja Brzezicka
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - James C Paulson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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12
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Zhu R, Kennicott K, Liang Y. Benzo[a]pyrene Exposure Reduces Cell-Type Diversity and Stimulates Sex-Biased Damage Pathways in End Organs of Lupus-Prone Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6163. [PMID: 37047136 PMCID: PMC10093912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies indicate that genetic factors only account for approximately thirty percent of all autoimmune diseases, while the rest of autoimmune pathogenesis is attributed to environmental factors including toxic chemicals. To understand if and how environmental pollutants trigger autoimmunity, we investigated the effect of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) exposure on the development of autoimmune phenotypes in the lupus-prone MRL strain. The exposure of MRL mice to BaP over the course of 8 weeks before lupus onset resulted in total body weight loss in males, while marginal changes in anti-dsDNA levels occurred. Multi-organ analyses of BaP-treated and control MRL mice suggested that the kidney is a major organ directly affected by the metabolism of benzene-containing compounds, with increased expression of BaP-target genes including Cyp4b1 and Hao2. Intriguingly, spatial transcriptomic data showed that BaP caused a drastic reduction in cell-type diversity in both the kidneys and spleen of MRL mice. Further analysis of the molecular pathways affected suggested a sex-biased effect of BaP treatment, with the upregulated expression of angiogenesis genes in the lungs and an increased deposition of C3 in the kidneys of male mice. While SLE is more common in women, the disease is more severe in male patients, with an increased risk of disease progression to renal failure and lung cancer. Our results reveal sex-biased molecular pathways stimulated by BaP which may help explain the increased likelihood of end organ damage in males with lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runqi Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Kameron Kennicott
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Yun Liang
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
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13
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Innate and adaptive immune abnormalities underlying autoimmune diseases: the genetic connections. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023:10.1007/s11427-021-2187-3. [PMID: 36738430 PMCID: PMC9898710 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
With the exception of an extremely small number of cases caused by single gene mutations, most autoimmune diseases result from the complex interplay between environmental and genetic factors. In a nutshell, etiology of the common autoimmune disorders is unknown in spite of progress elucidating certain effector cells and molecules responsible for pathologies associated with inflammatory and tissue damage. In recent years, population genetics approaches have greatly enriched our knowledge regarding genetic susceptibility of autoimmunity, providing us with a window of opportunities to comprehensively re-examine autoimmunity-associated genes and possible pathways. In this review, we aim to discuss etiology and pathogenesis of common autoimmune disorders from the perspective of human genetics. An overview of the genetic basis of autoimmunity is followed by 3 chapters detailing susceptibility genes involved in innate immunity, adaptive immunity and inflammatory cell death processes respectively. With such attempts, we hope to expand the scope of thinking and bring attention to lesser appreciated molecules and pathways as important contributors of autoimmunity beyond the 'usual suspects' of a limited subset of validated therapeutic targets.
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14
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High glucose promotes regulatory T cell differentiation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280916. [PMID: 36730267 PMCID: PMC9894383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of processed foods and sugary sodas in Western diets correlates with an increased incidence of obesity, metabolic syndromes such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and autoimmune diseases including inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. All these diseases have an inflammatory component, of which T lymphocytes can play a critical role in driving. Much has been learned regarding the importance of sugar, particularly glucose, in fueling effector versus regulatory T cells that can promote or dampen inflammation, respectively. In particular, glucose and its metabolic breakdown products via glycolysis are essential for effector T cell differentiation and function, while fatty acid-fueled oxidative phosphorylation supports homeostasis and function of regulatory T cells. Nevertheless, a critical knowledge gap, given the prevalence of diabetes in Western societies, is the impact of elevated glucose concentrations on the balance between effector versus regulatory T cells. To begin addressing this, we cultured naïve CD4+ T cells with different concentrations of glucose, and examined their differentiation into effector versus regulatory lineages. Surprisingly, high glucose promoted regulatory T cell differentiation and inhibited Th1 effector differentiation. This skewing towards the regulatory lineage occurred via an indirect mechanism that depends on lactate produced by activated glycolytic T cells. Addition of lactate to the T cell differentiation process promotes the differentiation of Treg cells, and activates Akt/mTOR signaling cascade. Hence, our findings suggest the existence of a novel feedback mechanism in which lactate produced by activated, differentiating T cells skews their lineage commitment towards the regulatory fate.
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15
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Miller FW. The increasing prevalence of autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases: an urgent call to action for improved understanding, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 80:102266. [PMID: 36446151 PMCID: PMC9918670 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmunity is characterized by self-reactive immune components and autoimmune disease by autoimmunity plus pathology. Both autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases are dramatically increasing in many parts of the world, likely as a result of changes in our exposures to environmental factors. Current evidence implicates the momentous alterations in our foods, xenobiotics, air pollution, infections, personal lifestyles, stress, and climate change as causes for these increases. Autoimmune diseases have a major impact on the individuals and families they affect, as well as on our society and healthcare costs, and current projections suggest they may soon take their place among the predominant medical disorders. This necessitates that we increase the scope and scale of our efforts, and coordinate our resources and studies, to understand autoimmune disease risk factors and pathogeneses and improve our diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive approaches, as the costs of inaction will be profound and far greater without such investments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick W Miller
- Environmental Autoimmunity Group, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 101, Maildrop A2-03, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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16
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Bieber K, Hundt JE, Yu X, Ehlers M, Petersen F, Karsten CM, Köhl J, Kridin K, Kalies K, Kasprick A, Goletz S, Humrich JY, Manz RA, Künstner A, Hammers CM, Akbarzadeh R, Busch H, Sadik CD, Lange T, Grasshoff H, Hackel AM, Erdmann J, König I, Raasch W, Becker M, Kerstein-Stähle A, Lamprecht P, Riemekasten G, Schmidt E, Ludwig RJ. Autoimmune pre-disease. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103236. [PMID: 36436750 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 5% of the world-wide population is affected by autoimmune diseases. Overall, autoimmune diseases are still difficult to treat, impose a high burden on patients, and have a significant economic impact. Like other complex diseases, e.g., cancer, autoimmune diseases develop over several years. Decisive steps in the development of autoimmune diseases are (i) the development of autoantigen-specific lymphocytes and (often) autoantibodies and (ii) potentially clinical disease manifestation at a later stage. However, not all healthy individuals with autoantibodies develop disease manifestations. Identifying autoantibody-positive healthy individuals and monitoring and inhibiting their switch to inflammatory autoimmune disease conditions are currently in their infancy. The switch from harmless to inflammatory autoantigen-specific T and B-cell and autoantibody responses seems to be the hallmark for the decisive factor in inflammatory autoimmune disease conditions. Accordingly, biomarkers allowing us to predict this progression would have a significant impact. Several factors, such as genetics and the environment, especially diet, smoking, exposure to pollutants, infections, stress, and shift work, might influence the progression from harmless to inflammatory autoimmune conditions. To inspire research directed at defining and ultimately targeting autoimmune predisease, here, we review published evidence underlying the progression from health to autoimmune predisease and ultimately to clinically manifest inflammatory autoimmune disease, addressing the following 3 questions: (i) what is the current status, (ii) what is missing, (iii) and what are the future perspectives for defining and modulating autoimmune predisease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Bieber
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jennifer E Hundt
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Xinhua Yu
- Priority Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Marc Ehlers
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Frank Petersen
- Priority Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Christian M Karsten
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Khalaf Kridin
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Germany; Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel; Unit of Dermatology and Skin Research Laboratory, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Israel
| | - Kathrin Kalies
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anika Kasprick
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stephanie Goletz
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jens Y Humrich
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rudolf A Manz
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Axel Künstner
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christoph M Hammers
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Reza Akbarzadeh
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Tanja Lange
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hanna Grasshoff
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexander M Hackel
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Inke König
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Walter Raasch
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mareike Becker
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anja Kerstein-Stähle
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Peter Lamprecht
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gabriela Riemekasten
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Enno Schmidt
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ralf J Ludwig
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Germany.
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17
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Evaluation of IL-10, MCP-1, IFN gamma, and protectin D1 levels in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Ir J Med Sci 2023; 192:177-184. [PMID: 36434424 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-022-03231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is one of the most prevalent autoimmune endocrine diseases and caused by the loss of immune tolerance for the thyroid gland. Many pathophysiological mechanisms were speculated about the development of HT. In our study, we aimed to reveal the relationship between HT and IL-10, MCP-1, IFNɤ, and PD1 levels and compare them with control subjects. METHODS We collected 37 patients with HT and 25 controls referred to our outpatient clinic. The diagnosis of HT was based on the detection of circulating antibodies to thyroid antigens and decreasing echogenicity on thyroid USG in patients with appropriate clinical characteristics. Serum IL-10, MCP-1, IFNɤ, and PD1 levels were detected using an ELISA KIT (96 T) method according to the manufacturer's instructions. RESULTS All subjects were euthyroid (median TSH level was 1.68 mU/L in HT vs 1.83 mU/L in the controls, p = 0.672). Twenty-three of 37 patients with HT were taking L-thyroxin replacement. Levels of serum IL-10, IFNɤ, and PD1 in patients with HT were higher than the controls, but the differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.393, p = 0.495, and p = 0.052 respectively). The serum levels of MCP-1 in HT patients were statistically different and higher than the controls (p = 0.018). Correlation analysis displayed significant associations between IL-10, MCP-1, IFNɤ, and PD1 levels. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that serum MCP-1 levels in HT patients were significantly increased; on the other hand, significant difference was not found between HT patients and the controls in terms of serum IL-10, IFNɤ, and PD1 levels.
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18
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Gerussi A, Soskic B, Asselta R, Invernizzi P, Gershwin ME. GWAS and autoimmunity: What have we learned and what next. J Autoimmun 2022; 133:102922. [PMID: 36209690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are common conditions characterized by loss of tolerance, female predominance and a remarkable heterogeneity among different populations. Most often they are polygenic and several genetic loci have been linked with the risk of developing autoimmune diseases. However, causal inference is difficult. When the genomic revolution began there were high hopes of translating fast genetic analyses to the bedside but this has proven to be challenging. Nonetheless, over the last decade, fine-mapping strategies have greatly improved; one of the most significant research lines focuses on the in vivo and ex vivo definition of the effect of genetic variants within the target tissues and within specific subpopulations of immune cells that are involved in the disease pathogenesis. This strategy also includes the longitudinal tracking of a large number of immunophenotypes in many individuals to build a large reference atlas for variant characterization. In this review, we discuss the results obtained by GWAS in autoimmune diseases and review recent advances in fine mapping strategies. More importantly, we discuss gaps and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gerussi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.
| | - Blagoje Soskic
- Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Asselta
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Merrill E Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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19
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Buhre JS, Becker M, Ehlers M. IgG subclass and Fc glycosylation shifts are linked to the transition from pre- to inflammatory autoimmune conditions. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1006939. [PMID: 36405742 PMCID: PMC9669588 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1006939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A crucial factor for the development of inflammatory autoimmune diseases is the occurrence of antibodies directed against self-tissues and structures, which leads to damage and inflammation. While little is known about the cause of the development of mis-directed, disease-specific T and B cells and resulting IgG autoantibody responses, there is increasing evidence that their induction can occur years before disease symptoms appear. However, a certain proportion of healthy individuals express specific IgG autoantibodies without disease symptoms and not all subjects who generate autoantibodies may develop disease symptoms. Thus, the development of inflammatory autoimmune diseases seems to involve two steps. Increasing evidence suggests that harmless self-directed T and B cell and resulting IgG autoantibody responses in the pre-autoimmune disease stage might switch to more inflammatory T and B cell and IgG autoantibody responses that trigger the inflammatory autoimmune disease stage. Here, we summarize findings on the transition from the pre-disease to the disease stage and vice versa, e.g. by pregnancy and treatment, with a focus on low-/anti-inflammatory versus pro-inflammatory IgG autoantibody responses, including IgG subclass and Fc glycosylation features. Characterization of biomarkers that identify the transition from the pre-disease to the disease stage might facilitate recognition of the ideal time point of treatment initiation and the development of therapeutic strategies for re-directing inflammatory autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Sophia Buhre
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mareike Becker
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology, and Venereology, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marc Ehlers
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marc Ehlers,
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20
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Effects of high fat diet-induced obesity on pathophysiology, immune cells, and therapeutic efficacy in systemic lupus erythematosus. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18532. [PMID: 36323742 PMCID: PMC9630451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior studies have suggested a strong link between obesity and autoimmune diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity on the disease pathogenesis, immune cell infiltration, and therapeutic efficacy in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Treatment with methylprednisolone significantly increased the survival in the control diet group, but not in the HFD group. An HFD significantly increased the incidence of severe proteinuria and glucose intolerance. Regardless of the diet, treatment with methylprednisolone significantly decreased the serum levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies, IL-2, IL-10, and interferon γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10), and improved the renal pathology scores. Treatment with methylprednisolone significantly lowered the serum levels of IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α in the control diet group, but not in the HFD group. HFD significantly increased the proportions of CD45+ and M1 cells and significantly decreased the proportion of M2 cells in white adipose tissue; methylprednisolone treatment significantly rescued this effect. In the HFD group, methylprednisolone treatment significantly decreased the M1:M2 and increased the Foxp3+:RORγt+ cell in the spleen compared with the untreated group. These data improve our understanding of the effect of HFD on the therapeutic efficacy of corticosteroids in SLE treatment, which could have clinical implications.
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21
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Lee F, Gallo MV, Schell LM. Associations between autoimmune dysfunction and pollutants in Akwesasne Mohawk women: Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and polychlorinated biphenyl exposure. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23773. [PMID: 35726969 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pollutant exposures, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), have been found to disrupt normal immune function. Native American communities are disproportionately affected by autoimmune dysfunction and are more likely to be exposed to harmful pollutants than the general population. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between autoimmune dysfunction and pollutant exposure levels, this study evaluates the statistical relationship between the presence of autoimmune dysfunction and pollutant exposure. METHODS Information was collected from Akwesasne Mohawk women (n = 182), 21-39 years of age, between 2009 and 2013. Data collection included anthropometric measurements, medical diagnoses of autoimmune disease and symptoms of autoimmune dysfunction in the medical record, and blood draws for measurement of pollutants. Multivariate analyses determined the association between toxicant exposure and autoimmune dysfunction. RESULTS Toxicant p,p'-DDE was positively associated with an almost two-fold risk of autoimmune dysfunction. p,p'-DDE and PCB congeners 32, 136, and 138 were positively associated in a multivariate analysis with an autoimmune diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Pollutant exposures, specifically to p,p'-DDE and some PCB congeners, are common exposures that are associated with autoimmune dysfunction and autoimmune disease, although there are other factors and causes related to autoimmune dysfunction incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Lee
- Department of Anthropology, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Mia V Gallo
- Department of Anthropology, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
- Center for the Elimination of Minority Health Disparities, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Lawrence M Schell
- Department of Anthropology, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
- Center for the Elimination of Minority Health Disparities, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
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22
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Huang Y, Liu H, Qi W, Du L, Li M, Zeng X, Guo X, Zhao J, Zhang S. Sex Differences in Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis in Primary Thrombotic Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:895098. [PMID: 35859586 PMCID: PMC9289156 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.895098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate whether there are sex differences in clinical characteristics and prognosis in patients with primary thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome (ptAPS). Methods From January 2013 to July 2021, 154 consecutive patients diagnosed with ptAPS were prospectively recruited. Multivariable Cox regression was used to evaluate the association between gender and the composite endpoint including thromboembolic recurrence or all-cause death during follow-up. Results Totally, 80 (52%) male and 74 (48%) female patients with ptAPS were included, and men had a higher percentage of smokers/ex-smokers [50 (62%) vs. 6 (8%), p < 0.001] and hyperhomocysteinemia [26 (32%) vs. 9 (12%), p = 0.003]. The baseline thromboembolic events were similar in two genders, except for limb ischemia [15 (19%) in men vs. 1 (1%) in women, p < 0.001]. During a median follow-up of 42 months, the composite endpoint occurred in 30 (38%) male and 15 (20%) female patients (p = 0.019). Male gender [HR 2.499, 95% CI (1.316, 4.743), p = 0.005] and warfarin administration [HR 0.482, 95% CI (0.257, 0.905), p = 0.023] remained independent risk factors for the composite endpoint. Male gender [HR 3.699, 95% CI (1.699, 8.246), p = 0.001] and isolated lupus anticoagulant positivity [HR 2.236, 95% CI (1.039, 4.811), p = 0.040] were independent risk factors for thromboembolic recurrence. Conclusion There are sex disparities in the clinical characteristics in patients with ptAPS and the male gender is an independent risk factor for the poor prognosis. Male patients with isolated lupus anticoagulant (LA) positivity have the highest risk of thromboembolic recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfa Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanting Qi
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Le Du
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengtao Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxiao Guo,
| | - Jiuliang Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Jiuliang Zhao,
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Nevriana A, Pierce M, Abel KM, Rossides M, Wicks S, Dalman C, Kosidou K. Association between parental mental illness and autoimmune diseases in the offspring - A nationwide register-based cohort study in Sweden. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 151:122-130. [PMID: 35477076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mental illness has been previously linked with autoimmune diseases, yet the associations between parental mental illness and offspring's risk of autoimmune diseases is largely unknown. We conducted a population-based cohort study of 2,192,490 Swedish children born between 1991 and 2011 and their parents to determine the associations between parental mental illness and risk of autoimmune diseases among the offspring. Time-dependent diagnoses of parental mental illness (psychosis, alcohol/drug misuse, depression, anxiety, eating disorders, personality disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder) and offspring autoimmune diseases (type 1 diabetes (T1D), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), coeliac disease) were identified from inpatient/outpatient healthcare visits. Associations were measured by hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for potential confounders. Overall, parental mental illness was associated with a small increase in risk of offspring's autoimmune diseases (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02-1.08). However, parental common mental disorder (anxiety/depression) was associated with higher risk of JIA, psoriasis, and T1D (HR T1D 1.11, 95% CI 1.01-1.22), while maternal psychosis with reduced risk of coeliac disease (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.49-0.95) and paternal alcohol/drug misuse with reduced risk of IBD (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.64-0.99). Maternal eating disorders were associated with a markedly increased risk for T1D (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.05-1.89). Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to understand underlying mechanisms. There is a need for greater clinical awareness about potential risk of JIA, psoriasis, and T1D among children of parents with common psychiatric morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Nevriana
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden; Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Matthias Pierce
- Centre for Women's Mental Health, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn M Abel
- Centre for Women's Mental Health, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M25 3BL, United Kingdom
| | - Marios Rossides
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden; Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Wicks
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm Region, 104 31, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Dalman
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm Region, 104 31, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kyriaki Kosidou
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm Region, 104 31, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ortega MA, García-Montero C, Fraile-Martinez O, Alvarez-Mon MA, Gómez-Lahoz AM, Lahera G, Monserrat J, Rodriguez-Jimenez R, Quintero J, Álvarez-Mon M. Immune-Mediated Diseases from the Point of View of Psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:973. [PMID: 36101354 PMCID: PMC9312038 DOI: 10.3390/biology11070973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) represent a large group of diseases (Crohn's, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis) evidenced by systemic inflammation and multiorgan involvement. IMIDs result in a reduced quality of life and an economic burden for individuals, health care systems, and countries. In this brief descriptive review, we will focus on some of the common biological pathways of these diseases from the point of view of psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology (PNIE). PNIE consists of four medical disciplines (psychology, nervous system, immune system, and endocrine system), which are key drivers behind the health-disease concept that a human being functions as a unit. We examine these drivers and emphasize the need for integrative treatments that addresses the disease from a psychosomatic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.A.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.A.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.A.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.A.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana Maria Gómez-Lahoz
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.A.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lahera
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.A.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Psychiatry Service, Center for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias (CIBERSAM), 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.A.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Rodriguez-Jimenez
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Institute for Health Research 12 de Octubre Hospital, (Imas 12)/CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Quintero
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (O.F.-M.); (M.A.A.-M.); (A.M.G.-L.); (G.L.); (J.M.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, (CIBEREHD), 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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Kowalski EN, Qian G, Vanni KMM, Sparks JA. A Roadmap for Investigating Preclinical Autoimmunity Using Patient-Oriented and Epidemiologic Study Designs: Example of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:890996. [PMID: 35693829 PMCID: PMC9175569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.890996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prototypic autoimmune disease causing inflammatory polyarthritis that affects nearly 1% of the population. RA can lead to joint destruction and disability along with increased morbidity and mortality. Similar to other autoimmune diseases, RA has distinct preclinical phases corresponding to genetic risk, lifestyle risk factors, autoantibody development, and non-specific symptoms prior to clinical diagnosis. This narrative review will detail observational studies for RA risk and clinical trials for RA prevention as a roadmap to investigating preclinical autoimmunity that could be applied to other diseases. Methods In this narrative review, we summarized previous and ongoing research studies investigating RA risk and prevention, categorizing them related to their design and preclinical phases. Results We detailed the following types of studies investigating RA risk and prevention: retrospective population-based and administrative datasets; prospective studies (case-control and cohort; some enrolling based on genetics, first-degree relative status, elevated biomarkers, or early symptoms/arthritis); and randomized clinical trials. These correspond to all preclinical RA phases (genetic, lifestyle, autoimmunity, early signs/symptoms). Previous and ongoing randomized controlled trials have enrolled individuals at very elevated risk for RA based on biomarkers, symptoms, imaging abnormalities, or early signs/symptoms. Conclusion We detailed the rich variety of study designs that is necessary to investigate distinct preclinical phases of an autoimmune disease such as RA. However, further progress is needed to fully elucidate the pathogenesis of RA that may ultimately lead to prevention or delay of disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N Kowalski
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Grace Qian
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kathleen M M Vanni
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Sparks
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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26
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Skov J, Kuja-Halkola R, Magnusson PKE, Gudbjörnsdottir S, Kämpe O, Bensing S. Shared etiology of type 1 diabetes and Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a population-based twin study. Eur J Endocrinol 2022; 186:677-685. [PMID: 36321757 PMCID: PMC9175555 DOI: 10.1530/eje-22-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 1 diabetes and Hashimoto's thyroiditis frequently cluster in individuals and in families, indicating shared origins. The objective of this study was to investigate familial co-aggregation of these diseases and to quantify shared genetic and environmental factors. DESIGN This study is a twin cohort study. METHODS National health registers were used to identify cases among 110 814 Swedish twins. Co-aggregation was calculated as risk ratios for type 1 diabetes among co-twins of individuals with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and vice-versa. Variance explained by genetics (i.e. heritability), and the proportions thereof shared between the diseases, was estimated by contrasting associations in monozygotic and dizygotic twins using structural equation models. RESULTS Individuals with one disease were at a high risk for the other disease (adjusted risk ratio: 11.4 (95% CI: 8.5-15.3)). Co-aggregation was more common in monozygotic than in dizygotic pairs, with adjusted risk ratios of 7.0 (95% CI: 3.2-15.1) and 1.7 (95% CI: 0.7-4.1), respectively. Genetic effects shared across diseases accounted for 11% of the variance for type 1 diabetes and 9% of the variance for Hashimoto's thyroiditis, while environmental factors unique to individual twins, but shared across diseases, accounted for 10% of the variance for type 1 diabetes and 18% of the variance for Hashimoto's thyroiditis. CONCLUSIONS Both genes and environment unique to individual twins contribute to considerable etiologic overlap between type 1 diabetes and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. These findings add to the current knowledge on the mechanisms behind autoimmune disease clustering and could guide future research aimed at identifying pathophysiological mechanisms and intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Skov
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Karlstad Central Hospital, Karlstad, Sweden
- Correspondence should be addressed to J Skov;
| | - Ralf Kuja-Halkola
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Soffia Gudbjörnsdottir
- Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- National Diabetes Register, Centre of Registers, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olle Kämpe
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Diseases, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sophie Bensing
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Banerjee S, Nara R, Chakraborty S, Chowdhury D, Haldar S. Integrin Regulated Autoimmune Disorders: Understanding the Role of Mechanical Force in Autoimmunity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:852878. [PMID: 35372360 PMCID: PMC8971850 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.852878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of autoimmune disorders is multifactorial, where immune cell migration, adhesion, and lymphocyte activation play crucial roles in its progression. These immune processes are majorly regulated by adhesion molecules at cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell–cell junctions. Integrin, a transmembrane focal adhesion protein, plays an indispensable role in these immune cell mechanisms. Notably, integrin is regulated by mechanical force and exhibit bidirectional force transmission from both the ECM and cytosol, regulating the immune processes. Recently, integrin mechanosensitivity has been reported in different immune cell processes; however, the underlying mechanics of these integrin-mediated mechanical processes in autoimmunity still remains elusive. In this review, we have discussed how integrin-mediated mechanotransduction could be a linchpin factor in the causation and progression of autoimmune disorders. We have provided an insight into how tissue stiffness exhibits a positive correlation with the autoimmune diseases’ prevalence. This provides a plausible connection between mechanical load and autoimmunity. Overall, gaining insight into the role of mechanical force in diverse immune cell processes and their dysregulation during autoimmune disorders will open a new horizon to understand this physiological anomaly.
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New Label-Free Biosensing for the Evaluation of the AX-024 Inhibitor: Case Study for the Development of New Drugs in Autoimmune Diseases. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22031218. [PMID: 35161965 PMCID: PMC8839007 DOI: 10.3390/s22031218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
We developed a new label-free assay to evaluate the inhibition capacity of AX-024 by means of a new Point-of-Care (PoC) device for application in the development of new drugs in autoimmune diseases. The technology of PoC is based on interferometric optical detection method (IODM). For this purpose, we have optimized and developed an assay protocol whereby a Glutathione S-Transferase modified protein (GST-SH3.1), which contains a functional domain of a protein involved in T-cell activation, together with the AX-024 inhibitor has been studied. The chips used are a sensing surface based on nitrocellulose. We used streptavidin and a biotinylated peptide as links for the immobilization process on the sensing surface. The biotinylated peptide and AX-024 inhibitor compete for the same functional group of the GST-SH3.1 modified protein. When the inhibitor binds its binding site on GST-SH3.1, the biotinylated peptide cannot bind to its pocket on the protein. This competition reduces the total molecular mass of protein fixed onto the biosensor. In order to quantify the inhibition capacity of AX-024, several Ax-024:GST-SH3.1 ratios have been studied. We have compared the read-out signal for GST-SH3.1 protein not interfered by the drug, which served as a positive blank, and the response of the GST-SH3.1 modified protein blocked by the inhibitor. The technology has been correlated with confocal fluorescence microscopy.
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29
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Latifi T, Zebardast A, Marashi SM. The role of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) in Multiple Sclerosis and the plausible interplay between HERVs, Epstein-Barr virus infection, and vitamin D. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 57:103318. [PMID: 35158423 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.103318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the chronic inflammatory diseases with neurological disability in the central nervous system (CNS). Although the exact cause of MS is still largely unknown, both genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role in disease risk. Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs) are endogenous viral elements of the human genome whose expression is associated with MS. HERVs are normally silenced or expressed at low levels, although their expression is higher in MS than in the healthy population. Several studies highlighted the plausible interaction between HERVs and other MS risk factors, including viral infection like Epstein-Barr viruses and vitamin D deficiency which may lead to high expression of HERVs in these patients. Understanding how HERVs act in this scenario can improve our understanding towards MS etiology and may lead to the development of antiretroviral therapies in these patients. Here in this review, we try to examine the different HERVs expression implicated in MS and their association with EBV infection and vitamin D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Latifi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arghavan Zebardast
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Mahdi Marashi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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30
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Clark AL, Yan Z, Chen SX, Shi V, Kulkarni DH, Diwan A, Remedi MS. High-fat diet prevents the development of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. Diabetes Obes Metab 2021; 23:2455-2465. [PMID: 34212475 PMCID: PMC8490276 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Type 1 diabetes (T1D) has a strong genetic predisposition and requires an environmental trigger to initiate the beta-cell autoimmune destruction. The rate of childhood obesity has risen in parallel to the proportion of T1D, suggesting high-fat diet (HFD)/obesity as potential environmental triggers for autoimmune diabetes. To explore this, non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice were subjected to HFD and monitored for the development of diabetes, insulitis and beta-cell stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four-week-old female NOD mice were placed on HFD (HFD-NOD) or standard chow-diet. Blood glucose was monitored weekly up to 40 weeks of age, and glucose- and insulin-tolerance tests performed at 4, 10 and 15 weeks. Pancreata and islets were analysed for insulin secretion, beta-cell mass, inflammation, insulitis and endoplasmic reticulum stress markers. Immune cell levels were measured in islets and spleens. Stool microbiome was analysed at age 4, 8 and 25 weeks. RESULTS At early ages, HFD-NOD mice showed a significant increase in body weight, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance; but paradoxically, they were protected from developing diabetes. This was accompanied by increased insulin secretion and beta-cell mass, decreased insulitis, increased splenic T-regulatory cells and altered stool microbiome. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that HFD protects NOD mice from autoimmune diabetes and preserves beta-cell mass and function through alterations in gut microbiome, increased T-regulatory cells and decreased insulitis. Further studies into the exact mechanism of HFD-mediated prevention of diabetes in NOD mice could potentially lead to interventions to prevent or delay T1D development in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Clark
- Department of PediatricsWashington University in St LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Zihan Yan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid research DivisionWashington University in St LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Sophia X. Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid research DivisionWashington University in St LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Victoria Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid research DivisionWashington University in St LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Devesha H. Kulkarni
- Department of Internal MedicineWashington University in St LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Abhinav Diwan
- Department of Internal Medicine‐Cardiovascular DivisionWashington University in St LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA
- John Cochran VA Medical Center‐Cardiovascular DivisionSt LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Maria S. Remedi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid research DivisionWashington University in St LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyWashington University in St LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA
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31
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Livingston KA, Freeman KJ, Friedman SM, Stout RW, Lianov LS, Drozek D, Shallow J, Shurney D, Patel PM, Campbell TM, Pauly KR, Pollard KJ, Karlsen MC. Lifestyle Medicine and Economics: A Proposal for Research Priorities Informed by a Case Series of Disease Reversal. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111364. [PMID: 34769879 PMCID: PMC8583680 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic disease places an enormous economic burden on both individuals and the healthcare system, and existing fee-for-service models of healthcare prioritize symptom management, medications, and procedures over treating the root causes of disease through changing health behaviors. Value-based care is gaining traction, and there is a need for value-based care models that achieve the quadruple aim of (1) improved population health, (2) enhanced patient experience, (3) reduced healthcare costs, and (4) improved work life and decreased burnout of healthcare providers. Lifestyle medicine (LM) has the potential to achieve these four aims, including promoting health and wellness and reducing healthcare costs; however, the economic outcomes of LM approaches need to be better quantified in research. This paper demonstrates proof of concept by detailing four cases that utilized an intensive, therapeutic lifestyle intervention change (ITLC) to dramatically reverse disease and reduce healthcare costs. In addition, priorities for lifestyle medicine economic research related to the components of quadruple aim are proposed, including conducting rigorously designed research studies to adequately measure the effects of ITLC interventions, modeling the potential economic cost savings enabled by health improvements following lifestyle interventions as compared to usual disease progression and management, and examining the effects of lifestyle medicine implementation upon different payment models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara A. Livingston
- American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, MO 63006, USA; (K.A.L.); (L.S.L.); (D.D.); (D.S.); (P.M.P.)
| | - Kelly J. Freeman
- Department of Member Engagement & Administration, American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, MO 63006, USA; (K.J.F.); (K.R.P.)
- School of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Susan M. Friedman
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA;
| | - Ron W. Stout
- Ardmore Institute of Health, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA;
| | - Liana S. Lianov
- American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, MO 63006, USA; (K.A.L.); (L.S.L.); (D.D.); (D.S.); (P.M.P.)
- Global Positive Health Institute, Sacramento, CA 95825, USA
| | - David Drozek
- American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, MO 63006, USA; (K.A.L.); (L.S.L.); (D.D.); (D.S.); (P.M.P.)
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | | | - Dexter Shurney
- American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, MO 63006, USA; (K.A.L.); (L.S.L.); (D.D.); (D.S.); (P.M.P.)
- BlueZones Well-Being Institute, Adventist Health, Roseville, CA 95661, USA
| | - Padmaja M. Patel
- American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, MO 63006, USA; (K.A.L.); (L.S.L.); (D.D.); (D.S.); (P.M.P.)
- Midland Health, Midland, TX 79703, USA
| | | | - Kaitlyn R. Pauly
- Department of Member Engagement & Administration, American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, MO 63006, USA; (K.J.F.); (K.R.P.)
| | - Kathryn J. Pollard
- Department of Research, American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, MO 63006, USA;
| | - Micaela C. Karlsen
- Department of Research, American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, MO 63006, USA;
- Correspondence:
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32
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Fernandez Lahore G, Förster M, Johannesson M, Sabatier P, Lönnblom E, Aoun M, He Y, Nandakumar KS, Zubarev RA, Holmdahl R. Polymorphic estrogen receptor binding site causes Cd2-dependent sex bias in the susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5565. [PMID: 34552089 PMCID: PMC8458462 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25828-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex autoimmune diseases are sexually dimorphic. An interplay between predisposing genetics and sex-related factors probably controls the sex discrepancy in the immune response, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here we positionally identify a polymorphic estrogen receptor binding site that regulates Cd2 expression, leading to female-specific differences in T cell-dependent mouse models of autoimmunity. Female mice with reduced Cd2 expression have impaired autoreactive T cell responses. T cells lacking Cd2 costimulation upregulate inhibitory Lag-3. These findings help explain sexual dimorphism in human autoimmunity, as we find that CD2 polymorphisms are associated with rheumatoid arthritis and 17-β-estradiol-regulation of CD2 is conserved in human T cells. Hormonal regulation of CD2 might have implications for CD2-targeted therapy, as anti-Cd2 treatment more potently affects T cells in female mice. These results demonstrate the relevance of sex-genotype interactions, providing strong evidence for CD2 as a sex-sensitive predisposing factor in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Fernandez Lahore
- Division Medical Inflammation Research, Dept. Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Michael Förster
- Division Medical Inflammation Research, Dept. Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Martina Johannesson
- Division Medical Inflammation Research, Dept. Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pierre Sabatier
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Erik Lönnblom
- Division Medical Inflammation Research, Dept. Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mike Aoun
- Division Medical Inflammation Research, Dept. Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Yibo He
- Division Medical Inflammation Research, Dept. Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Kutty Selva Nandakumar
- Division Medical Inflammation Research, Dept. Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
- SMU-KI United Medical Inflammation Centre, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Roman A Zubarev
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacological & Technological Chemistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119146, Russia
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Division Medical Inflammation Research, Dept. Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden.
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital), 710004, Xi'an, China.
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Topaloudi A, Zagoriti Z, Flint AC, Martinez MB, Yang Z, Tsetsos F, Christou YP, Lagoumintzis G, Yannaki E, Zamba-Papanicolaou E, Tzartos J, Tsekmekidou X, Kotsa K, Maltezos E, Papanas N, Papazoglou D, Passadakis P, Roumeliotis A, Roumeliotis S, Theodoridis M, Thodis E, Panagoutsos S, Yovos J, Stamatoyannopoulos J, Poulas K, Kleopa K, Tzartos S, Georgitsi M, Paschou P. Myasthenia gravis genome-wide association study implicates AGRN as a risk locus. J Med Genet 2021; 59:801-809. [PMID: 34400559 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-107953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare autoimmune disorder affecting the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Here, we investigate the genetic architecture of MG via a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the largest MG data set analysed to date. METHODS We performed GWAS meta-analysis integrating three different data sets (total of 1401 cases and 3508 controls). We carried out human leucocyte antigen (HLA) fine-mapping, gene-based and tissue enrichment analyses and investigated genetic correlation with 13 other autoimmune disorders as well as pleiotropy across MG and correlated disorders. RESULTS We confirmed the previously reported MG association with TNFRSF11A (rs4369774; p=1.09×10-13, OR=1.4). Furthermore, gene-based analysis revealed AGRN as a novel MG susceptibility gene. HLA fine-mapping pointed to two independent MG loci: HLA-DRB1 and HLA-B. MG onset-specific analysis reveals differences in the genetic architecture of early-onset MG (EOMG) versus late-onset MG (LOMG). Furthermore, we find MG to be genetically correlated with type 1 diabetes (T1D), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), late-onset vitiligo and autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD). Cross-disorder meta-analysis reveals multiple risk loci that appear pleiotropic across MG and correlated disorders. DISCUSSION Our gene-based analysis identifies AGRN as a novel MG susceptibility gene, implicating for the first time a locus encoding a protein (agrin) that is directly relevant to NMJ activation. Mutations in AGRN have been found to underlie congenital myasthenic syndrome. Our results are also consistent with previous studies highlighting the role of HLA and TNFRSF11A in MG aetiology and the different risk genes in EOMG versus LOMG. Finally, we uncover the genetic correlation of MG with T1D, RA, ATD and late-onset vitiligo, pointing to shared underlying genetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolia Topaloudi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Zoi Zagoriti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Alyssa Camille Flint
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Zhiyu Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Fotis Tsetsos
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | | | | | - Evangelia Yannaki
- Department of Hematology, George Papanicolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Zamba-Papanicolaou
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Neuroepidemiology and Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics and Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Xanthippi Tsekmekidou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism-Diabetes Center, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Kotsa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism-Diabetes Center, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efstratios Maltezos
- Diabetes Center, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Alexandroupolis University General Hospital, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papanas
- Diabetes Center, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Alexandroupolis University General Hospital, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Papazoglou
- Diabetes Center, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Alexandroupolis University General Hospital, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | - Ploumis Passadakis
- Department of Nephrology, Alexandroupolis University General Hospital, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | - Athanasios Roumeliotis
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefanos Roumeliotis
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marios Theodoridis
- Department of Nephrology, Alexandroupolis University General Hospital, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | - Elias Thodis
- Department of Nephrology, Alexandroupolis University General Hospital, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | - Stylianos Panagoutsos
- Department of Nephrology, Alexandroupolis University General Hospital, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | - John Yovos
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism-Diabetes Center, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - John Stamatoyannopoulos
- Departments of Medicine and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Kleopas Kleopa
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Neuroscience and Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics and Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Socrates Tzartos
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio, Greece.,Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Marianthi Georgitsi
- 1st Laboratory of Medical Biology-Genetics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Peristera Paschou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Gokuladhas S, Schierding W, Golovina E, Fadason T, O’Sullivan J. Unravelling the Shared Genetic Mechanisms Underlying 18 Autoimmune Diseases Using a Systems Approach. Front Immunol 2021; 12:693142. [PMID: 34484189 PMCID: PMC8415031 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.693142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (AiDs) are complex heterogeneous diseases characterized by hyperactive immune responses against self. Genome-wide association studies have identified thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with several AiDs. While these studies have identified a handful of pleiotropic loci that confer risk to multiple AiDs, they lack the power to detect shared genetic factors residing outside of these loci. Here, we integrated chromatin contact, expression quantitative trait loci and protein-protein interaction (PPI) data to identify genes that are regulated by both pleiotropic and non-pleiotropic SNPs. The PPI analysis revealed complex interactions between the shared and disease-specific genes. Furthermore, pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that the shared genes co-occur with disease-specific genes within the same biological pathways. In conclusion, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that genetic risk loci associated with multiple AiDs converge on a core set of biological processes that potentially contribute to the emergence of polyautoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Schierding
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Maurice Wilkins Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Evgeniia Golovina
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tayaza Fadason
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Maurice Wilkins Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Justin O’Sullivan
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Maurice Wilkins Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Baglaenko Y, Macfarlane D, Marson A, Nigrovic PA, Raychaudhuri S. Genome editing to define the function of risk loci and variants in rheumatic disease. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:462-474. [PMID: 34188205 PMCID: PMC10782829 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00637-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Discoveries in human genetic studies have revolutionized our understanding of complex rheumatic and autoimmune diseases, including the identification of hundreds of genetic loci and single nucleotide polymorphisms that potentially predispose individuals to disease. However, in most cases, the exact disease-causing variants and their mechanisms of action remain unresolved. Functional follow-up of these findings is most challenging for genomic variants that are in non-coding genomic regions, where the large majority of common disease-associated variants are located, and/or that probably affect disease progression via cell type-specific gene regulation. To deliver on the therapeutic promise of human genetic studies, defining the mechanisms of action of these alleles is essential. Genome editing technology, such as CRISPR-Cas, has created a vast toolbox for targeted genetic and epigenetic modifications that presents unprecedented opportunities to decipher disease-causing loci, genes and variants in autoimmunity. In this Review, we discuss the past 5-10 years of progress in resolving the mechanisms underlying rheumatic disease-associated alleles, with an emphasis on how genomic editing techniques can enable targeted dissection and mechanistic studies of causal autoimmune risk variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Baglaenko
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dana Macfarlane
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Marson
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter A Nigrovic
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Kairuz CA, Casanelia LM, Bennett-Brook K, Coombes J, Yadav UN. Impact of racism and discrimination on physical and mental health among Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander peoples living in Australia: a systematic scoping review. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1302. [PMID: 34217243 PMCID: PMC8254223 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11363-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Racism is increasingly recognised as a significant health determinant that contributes to health inequalities. In Australia efforts have been made to bridge the recognised health gap between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and other Australians. This systematic scoping review aimed to assess, synthesise, and analyse the evidence in Australia about the impacts of racism on the mental and physical health of Aboriginal and Torrens Strait Islander peoples. Methods A systematic search was conducted to locate Australian studies in English published between 2000 and 2020. Five electronic databases were used: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science and the Australia’s National Institute for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Research. The search strategy included a combination of key words related with racism, mental health, physical health and Indigenous people. Data were extracted based on review questions and findings were synthesized in a narrative summary. Results Of total 338 searched studies from five databases, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria for narrative synthesis where eight were cross-sectional studies and four prospective cohorts. General mental health and general health perception were the most frequently studied outcomes followed by child behaviour, smoking and substance consumption and specific health conditions. The prevalence of racism varied between 6.9 and 97%. The most common health outcomes associated with racism were general poor mental health and poor general health perception. More specific health outcomes such as anxiety, depression, child behaviour, asthma, increased BMI and smoking were also associated with racism but were analysed by a limited number of studies. Three studies analysed psychological distress, negative mental health, sleeping difficulties and negative perceived mental health according to severity of exposition to racism. Conclusion Racism is associated with negative overall mental and negative general health outcomes among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Strategies to prevent all forms and sources of racism are necessary to move forward to bridging the health gap between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and non-Indigenous Australians. Further research is needed to understand in more detail the impact of racism from an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander definition of health and wellbeing. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11363-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila A Kairuz
- Department of Public Health, Torrens University, Sydney, Australia.,The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lisa M Casanelia
- Department of Public Health, Torrens University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Department of Public Health, Torrens University, Sydney, Australia. .,Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia. .,Center for Research Policy and Implementation, Biratnagar, Nepal.
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Tański W, Chabowski M, Jankowska-Polańska B, Jankowska EA. Anaemia and iron deficiency in patients with
rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic diseases. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.7838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaemia is one of the most common symptoms accompanying many chronic diseases, e.g.
collagenases, neoplasms, and chronic inflammations (inflammatory bowel disease, chronic
kidney disease and heart failure). Iron deficiency anaemia is the most common type of anaemia
(80%). It affects 1% to 2% of the population. Iron deficiency (ID) – absolute or functional
– is characterised by reduced ferritin levels and transferrin saturation (TSAT) of less than
20%. Iron deficiency is the most common dietary deficiency. However, iron deficiency might
be one of the common causes of anaemia of chronic disease (ACD). Anaemia affects 33%
to 60% of patients with RA. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic immune-mediated systemic
connective tissue disease, in which chronic inflammation of the synovial tissue of the
joints damages articular cartilages, bones and other joint structures. The prevalence of RA is
approximately 0.3% to 2%. Low haemoglobin levels in RA patients are significantly correlated
with disability, activity and duration of the disease as well as damage to joints and joint pain.
Treatment of anaemia in RA patients includes iron supplementation, blood transfusions, the
use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, and treatment of the underlying condition. Biological
treatments used in RA patients, such as e.g. infliximab, tocilizumab and anakinra, not only
slow the progression of joint involvement but also prevent anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Tański
- Department of Internal Medicine, 4th Military Teaching Hospital, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mariusz Chabowski
- Division of Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Beata Jankowska-Polańska
- Division of Nursing in Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Anita Jankowska
- Dept of Cardiology, Wrocław Medical University, Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław, Poland
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38
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Jog NR, James JA. Epstein Barr Virus and Autoimmune Responses in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2021; 11:623944. [PMID: 33613559 PMCID: PMC7886683 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.623944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex systemic autoimmune disease. Infections or infectious reactivation are potential triggers for initiation of autoimmunity and for SLE flares. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is gamma herpes virus that has been associated with several autoimmune diseases such as SLE, multiple sclerosis, Sjogren’s syndrome, and systemic sclerosis. In this review, we will discuss the recent advances regarding how EBV may contribute to immune dysregulation, and how these mechanisms may relate to SLE disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelakshi R Jog
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Judith A James
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Departments of Medicine, Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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Wang S, Wang S, Singh S. Development of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus After Infectious Mononucleosis in a 64-Year-Old Woman. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2020; 8:2324709620961613. [PMID: 32964755 PMCID: PMC7517992 DOI: 10.1177/2324709620961613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by heterogeneous symptoms that can manifest in any organ, and often presents at a young age. Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is the acute clinical manifestation of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). It is characterized by low-grade fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and occasionally symmetrical arthralgias. It has been proposed that EBV is a trigger for new-onset SLE, and patients with autoimmune disorders such as SLE are more likely to have recurrent IM infections. The patient, a 64-year old Caucasian female who’s only past medical history was hypertension, developed several months–long period of vague symptoms, including fatigue, malaise, nausea, and nonbilious vomiting with oral intake. She presented with symmetrical polyarthritis involving the hands and elbows, with no history of arthritis before this episode. At the 5-month follow-up, she presented with worsening arthritis bilaterally in her elbows and in her right knee. For several decades, there has been a theoretical association between EBV and SLE, with EBV thought to be one of the many possible triggers for development of SLE. Based on the disease course, we theorize that the patient’s IM and EBV infection led to development of SLE. A small fraction of SLE cases have been reported in literature to be associated with EBV. This case adds to that literature with EBV triggering development of SLE in a seemingly previously asymptomatic patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shiyu Wang
- White River Health System, Batesville, AR, USA
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40
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Aounallah H, Bensaoud C, M'ghirbi Y, Faria F, Chmelar JI, Kotsyfakis M. Tick Salivary Compounds for Targeted Immunomodulatory Therapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:583845. [PMID: 33072132 PMCID: PMC7538779 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunodeficiency disorders and autoimmune diseases are common, but a lack of effective targeted drugs and the side-effects of existing drugs have stimulated interest in finding therapeutic alternatives. Naturally derived substances are a recognized source of novel drugs, and tick saliva is increasingly recognized as a rich source of bioactive molecules with specific functions. Ticks use their saliva to overcome the innate and adaptive host immune systems. Their saliva is a rich cocktail of molecules including proteins, peptides, lipid derivatives, and recently discovered non-coding RNAs that inhibit or modulate vertebrate immune reactions. A number of tick saliva and/or salivary gland molecules have been characterized and shown to be promising candidates for drug development for vertebrate immune diseases. However, further validation of these molecules at the molecular, cellular, and organism levels is now required to progress lead candidates to clinical testing. In this paper, we review the data on the immuno-pharmacological aspects of tick salivary compounds characterized in vitro and/or in vivo and present recent findings on non-coding RNAs that might be exploitable as immunomodulatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Aounallah
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR19IPTX, Service d'Entomologie Médicale, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Innovation and Development Laboratory, Innovation and Development Center, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chaima Bensaoud
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Youmna M'ghirbi
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR19IPTX, Service d'Entomologie Médicale, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fernanda Faria
- Innovation and Development Laboratory, Innovation and Development Center, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jindr Ich Chmelar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Michail Kotsyfakis
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia.,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czechia
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Field MA. Detecting pathogenic variants in autoimmune diseases using high-throughput sequencing. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 99:146-156. [PMID: 32623783 PMCID: PMC7891608 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sequencing the first human genome in 2003 took 15 years and cost $2.7 billion. Advances in sequencing technologies have since decreased costs to the point where it is now feasible to resequence a whole human genome for $1000 in a single day. These advances have allowed the generation of huge volumes of high‐quality human sequence data used to construct increasingly large catalogs of both population‐level and disease‐causing variation. The existence of such databases, coupled with a high‐quality human reference genome, means we are able to interrogate and annotate all types of genetic variation and identify pathogenic variants for many diseases. Increasingly, sequencing‐based approaches are being used to elucidate the underlying genetic cause of autoimmune diseases, a group of roughly 80 polygenic diseases characterized by abnormal immune responses where healthy tissue is attacked. Although sequence data generation has become routine and affordable, significant challenges remain with no gold‐standard methodology to identify pathogenic variants currently available. This review examines the latest methodologies used to identify pathogenic variants in autoimmune diseases and considers available sequencing options and subsequent bioinformatic methodologies and strategies. The development of reliable and robust sequencing and analytic workflows to detect pathogenic variants is critical to realize the potential of precision medicine programs where patient variant information is used to inform clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt A Field
- Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.,John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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The multifaceted functional role of DNA methylation in immune-mediated rheumatic diseases. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 40:459-476. [PMID: 32613397 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05255-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Genomic predisposition cannot explain the onset of complex diseases, as well illustrated by the largely incomplete concordance among monozygotic twins. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, chromatin remodelling and non-coding RNA, are considered to be the link between environmental stimuli and disease onset on a permissive genetic background in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. The paradigmatic cases of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), Sjogren's syndrome (SjS) and type-1 diabetes (T1D) share the loss of immunological tolerance to self-antigen influenced by several factors, with a largely incomplete role of individual genomic susceptibility. The most widely investigated epigenetic mechanism is DNA methylation which is associated with gene silencing and is due to the binding of methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD)-containing proteins, such as MECP2, to 5-methylcytosine (5mC). Indeed, a causal relationship occurs between DNA methylation and transcription factors occupancy and recruitment at specific genomic locus. In most cases, the results obtained in different studies are controversial in terms of DNA methylation comparison while fascinating evidence comes from the comparison of the epigenome in clinically discordant monozygotic twins. In this manuscript, we will review the mechanisms of epigenetics and DNA methylation changes in specific immune-mediated rheumatic diseases to highlight remaining unmet needs and to identify possible shared mechanisms beyond different tissue involvements with common therapeutic opportunities. Key Points • DNA methylation has a crucial role in regulating and tuning the immune system. • Evidences suggest that dysregulation of DNA methylation is pivotal in the context of immune-mediated rheumatic diseases. • DNA methylation dysregulation in FOXP3 and interferons-related genes is shared within several autoimmune diseases. • DNA methylation is an attractive marker for diagnosis and therapy.
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Bucala RJ. Rheumatology Forecast: Why Prevention Matters. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:868-869. [DOI: 10.1002/art.41216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Skov J, Eriksson D, Kuja-Halkola R, Höijer J, Gudbjörnsdottir S, Svensson AM, Magnusson PKE, Ludvigsson JF, Kämpe O, Bensing S. Co-aggregation and heritability of organ-specific autoimmunity: a population-based twin study. Eur J Endocrinol 2020; 182:473-480. [PMID: 32229696 PMCID: PMC7182094 DOI: 10.1530/eje-20-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Co-aggregation of autoimmune diseases is common, suggesting partly shared etiologies. Genetic factors are believed to be important, but objective measures of environmental vs heritable influences on co-aggregation are absent. With a novel approach to twin studies, we aimed at estimating heritability and genetic overlap in seven organ-specific autoimmune diseases. DESIGN Prospective twin cohort study. METHODS We used a cohort of 110 814 twins to examine co-aggregation and heritability of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, atrophic gastritis, celiac disease, Graves' disease, type 1 diabetes, vitiligo and Addison's disease. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated for twins developing the same or different disease as compared to their co-twin. The differences between monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs were used to estimate the genetic influence on co-aggregation. Heritability for individual disorders was calculated using structural equational modeling adjusting for censoring and truncation of data. RESULTS Co-aggregation was more pronounced in monozygotic twins (median HR: 3.2, range: 2.2-9.2) than in dizygotic twins (median HR: 2.4, range: 1.1-10.0). Heritability was moderate for atrophic gastritis (0.38, 95% CI: 0.23-0.53) but high for all other diseases, ranging from 0.60 (95% CI: 0.49-0.71) for Graves' disease to 0.97 (95% CI: 0.91-1.00) for Addison's disease. CONCLUSIONS Overall, co-aggregation was more pronounced in monozygotic than in dizygotic twins, suggesting that disease overlap is largely attributable to genetic factors. Co-aggregation was common, and twins faced up to a ten-fold risk of developing diseases not present in their co-twin. Our results validate and refine previous heritability estimates based on smaller twin cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Skov
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Karlstad Central Hospital, Karlstad, Sweden
- Correspondence should be addressed to J Skov;
| | - Daniel Eriksson
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Inflammation and Infection Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ralf Kuja-Halkola
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Höijer
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Soffia Gudbjörnsdottir
- Departent of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Swedish National Diabetes Register, Västra Götalandsregionen, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Marie Svensson
- Swedish National Diabetes Register, Västra Götalandsregionen, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas F Ludvigsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of pediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Olle Kämpe
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Inflammation and Infection Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Diseases, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sophie Bensing
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Inflammation and Infection Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ethanol consumption inhibits T FH cell responses and the development of autoimmune arthritis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1998. [PMID: 32332730 PMCID: PMC7181688 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15855-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is a consistent protective factor for the development of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The underlying mechanism for this tolerance-inducing effect of alcohol, however, is unknown. Here we show that alcohol and its metabolite acetate alter the functional state of T follicular helper (TFH) cells in vitro and in vivo, thereby exerting immune regulatory and tolerance-inducing properties. Alcohol-exposed mice have reduced Bcl6 and PD-1 expression as well as IL-21 production by TFH cells, preventing proper spatial organization of TFH cells to form TFH:B cell conjugates in germinal centers. This effect is associated with impaired autoantibody formation, and mitigates experimental autoimmune arthritis. By contrast, T cell independent immune responses and passive models of arthritis are not affected by alcohol exposure. These data clarify the immune regulatory and tolerance-inducing effect of alcohol consumption. Moderate consumption of alcohol is associated with protection from some autoimmune diseases. Here the authors show that ethanol and its metabolite acetate can protect mice from collagen-induced arthritis and provide evidence that the mechanism of this effect might be via inhibition of the effector function of T follicular helper cells.
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46
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Vojdani A. Reaction of food‐specific antibodies with different tissue antigens. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aristo Vojdani
- Immunosciences Lab., Inc. 822 S. Robertson Blvd., Ste. 312 Los Angeles CA 90035 USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine Loma Linda University School of Medicine 24785 Stewart St., Evans Hall, Ste. 111 Loma Linda CA 92354 USA
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Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek N, Gościk J, Chorąży M, Siewko K, Posmyk R, Zajkowska A, Citko A, Maciulewski R, Szelachowska M, Myśliwiec J, Jastrzębska I, Kułakowska A, Kochanowicz J, Krętowski AJ. The interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1 gene variant (rs1990760) as an autoimmune-based pathology susceptibility factor. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151864. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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48
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Silicosis y síndrome de Sjögren. Arch Bronconeumol 2019; 55:536-537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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49
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Ceribelli A, De Santis M, Selmi C. Sex and autoimmune disease: Four mechanisms pointing at women. Mediterr J Rheumatol 2019; 30:162-166. [PMID: 32185359 PMCID: PMC7045856 DOI: 10.31138/mjr.30.3.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultimate goal of modern medicine is a personalized approach being tailored on the single patient, ie, tailored, based on a finely tuned definition of the immunogenetics, epigenetics, microbiome, and biomarkers, to maximize results and minimize risks particularly of new targeted treatments. Among individual factors around which to tailor the patient management are sex and age, with gender-medicine finally becoming central to the research agenda. Of note, we are not convinced that a whole personalized medicine approach in its current form will necessarily include gender medicine and thus this should remain central to the research agenda. To tackle this crucial issue, however, we should first be able to answer a question of paramount importance, that is, why does autoimmunity affect women more than men? The growing number of experimental works in this area militate against an easy answer to this question, but we will herein briefly discuss four major candidates (sex hormones, sex chromosomes, environmental factors, and the microbiome) to which some unsuspected others may be ancillary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ceribelli
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Maria De Santis
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.,BIOMETRA Department, University of Milan, Italy
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50
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Abstract
Sodium intake is undoubtedly indispensable for normal body functions but can be detrimental when taken in excess of dietary requirements. The consequences of excessive salt intake are becoming increasingly clear as high salt consumption persists across the globe. Salt has long been suspected to promote the development of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases and is now also recognized as a potential modulator of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases through its direct and indirect effects on immune cells. The finding that, in addition to the kidneys, other organs such as the skin regulate sodium levels in the body prompted new hypotheses, including the concept that skin-resident macrophages might participate in tissue sodium regulation through their interactions with lymphatic vessels. Moreover, immune cells such as macrophages and different T cell subsets are found in sodium-rich interstitial microenvironments, where sodium levels modulate their function. Alterations to the intestinal bacterial community induced by excess dietary salt represent another relevant axis whereby salt indirectly modulates immune cell function. Depending on the inflammatory context, sodium might either contribute to protective immunity (for example, by enhancing host responses against cutaneous pathogens) or it might contribute to immune dysregulation and promote the development of cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases.
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