1
|
Zhao L, Jin S, Wang S, Zhang Z, Wang X, Chen Z, Wang X, Huang S, Zhang D, Wu H. Tertiary lymphoid structures in diseases: immune mechanisms and therapeutic advances. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:225. [PMID: 39198425 PMCID: PMC11358547 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are defined as lymphoid aggregates formed in non-hematopoietic organs under pathological conditions. Similar to secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs), the formation of TLSs relies on the interaction between lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells and lymphoid tissue organizer (LTo) cells, involving multiple cytokines. Heterogeneity is a distinguishing feature of TLSs, which may lead to differences in their functions. Growing evidence suggests that TLSs are associated with various diseases, such as cancers, autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection, chronic inflammation, infection, and even ageing. However, the detailed mechanisms behind these clinical associations are not yet fully understood. The mechanisms by which TLS maturation and localization affect immune function are also unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the understanding of TLS development and function at the cellular and molecular level, which may allow us to utilize them to improve the immune microenvironment. In this review, we delve into the composition, formation mechanism, associations with diseases, and potential therapeutic applications of TLSs. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic implications of TLSs, such as their role as markers of therapeutic response and prognosis. Finally, we summarize various methods for detecting and targeting TLSs. Overall, we provide a comprehensive understanding of TLSs and aim to develop more effective therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianyu Zhao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Song Jin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shengyao Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhanwei Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shengyun Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
| | - Haiwei Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang J, Yang B, Chandra J, Ivanov A, Brown JM, Florian R. Preventing fibrosis in IBD: update on immune pathways and clinical strategies. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024; 20:727-734. [PMID: 38475672 PMCID: PMC11180587 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2024.2330604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intestinal fibrosis is a common and serious complication of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) driving stricture formation in Crohn's disease patients and leading to submucosal damage in ulcerative colitis. Recent studies provided novel insights into the role of immune and nonimmune components in the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis. Those new findings may accelerate the development of anti-fibrotic treatment in IBD patients. AREAS COVERED This review is designed to cover the recent progress in mechanistic research and therapeutic developments on intestinal fibrosis in IBD patients, including new cell clusters, cytokines, proteins, microbiota, creeping fat, and anti-fibrotic therapies. EXPERT OPINION Due to the previously existing major obstacle of missing consensus on stricture definitions and the absence of clinical trial endpoints, testing of drugs with an anti-fibrotic mechanism is just starting in stricturing Crohn's disease (CD). A biomarker to stratify CD patients at diagnosis without any complications into at-risk populations for future strictures would be highly desirable. Further investigations are needed to identify novel mechanisms of fibrogenesis in the intestine that are targetable and ideally gut specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunology, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunology, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Jyotsna Chandra
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrei Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - J. Mark Brown
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rieder Florian
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Program for Global Translational Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rieder F, Mukherjee PK, Massey WJ, Wang Y, Fiocchi C. Fibrosis in IBD: from pathogenesis to therapeutic targets. Gut 2024; 73:854-866. [PMID: 38233198 PMCID: PMC10997492 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-329963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis resulting in stricture formation and obstruction in Crohn's disease (CD) and increased wall stiffness leading to symptoms in ulcerative colitis (UC) is among the largest unmet needs in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Fibrosis is caused by a multifactorial and complex process involving immune and non-immune cells, their soluble mediators and exposure to luminal contents, such as microbiota and environmental factors. To date, no antifibrotic therapy is available. Some progress has been made in creating consensus definitions and measurements to quantify stricture morphology for clinical practice and trials, but approaches to determine the degree of fibrosis within a stricture are still lacking. OBJECTIVE We herein describe the current state of stricture pathogenesis, measuring tools and clinical trial endpoints development. DESIGN Data presented and discussed in this review derive from the past and recent literature and the authors' own research and experience. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Significant progress has been made in better understanding the pathogenesis of fibrosis, but additional studies and preclinical developments are needed to define specific therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Pranab K Mukherjee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - William J Massey
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li X, Wu W, Yuan Y, Zhu Z, Liu X, Xiao D, Long X. CT energy spectral parameters of creeping fat in Crohn's disease and correlation with inflammatory activity. Insights Imaging 2024; 15:10. [PMID: 38228821 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-023-01592-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Creeping fat is a kind of unique abnormal mesenteric tissue at the sites of diseased bowel of Crohn's disease. By using dual-energy CT enterography, this study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of spectral parameters in the quantitative analysis of mesenteric adipose tissue or creeping fat. METHODS In this study, patients with known or suspected Crohn's disease who underwent dual-energy CT enterography from March 1, 2019, to March 31, 2021, were enrolled. Among them, 40 patients with surgery and pathology-proven creeping fat were selected as the creeping fat Crohn's disease group, and 40 normal patients were selected as the control group. The quantitative spectral parameters including the slope of the Hounsfield unit curve, normalised fat-water concentration, normalised fat-iodine concentration, and normalised fat volume fraction at the enteric phases were obtained. Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were applied to compare quantitative parameters among various groups. RESULTS A significant difference was observed in the slope of the Hounsfield unit curve, normalised fat-water concentration, normalised fat-iodine concentration, and normalised fat volume fraction between mesenteric adipose tissue and creeping fat with Crohn's disease at the enteric phase (all p < 0.001). The slope of the Hounsfield unit curve of creeping fat at the enteric phase had a better capability to distinguish inactive and active Crohn's disease (AUC = 0.93, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Dual-energy CT enterography with quantitative spectral parameters is a potentially novel noninvasive tool for evaluating creeping fat in Crohn's disease. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Energy spectral parameters of creeping fat in Crohn's disease are significantly different from normal mesenteric adipose tissues and are correlated with inflammatory activity. KEY POINTS • Dual-energy CT enterography allows quantitatively assessing creeping fat with spectral parameters. • The creeping fat has distinct spectral parameters to normal mesenteric adipose. • The spectral parameters accurately differentiate active and inactive Crohn's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianchu Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Desheng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xueying Long
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dong Y, Wang T, Wu H. Tertiary lymphoid structures in autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1322035. [PMID: 38259436 PMCID: PMC10800951 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1322035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are organized lymphoid-like aggregations in non-lymphoid tissues. Tissues with chronic and persistent inflammation infiltration may drive and form ectopic germinal center-like structures, which are very common in autoimmune diseases, chronic infections, and tumor microenvironments. However, the mechanisms governing the formation of TLSs are still being explored. At present, it is not clear whether the formation of TLSs is associated with local uncontrolled immune inflammatory responses. While TLSs suggest a good prognosis in tumors, the opposite is true in autoimmune diseases. This review article will discuss the current views on initiating and maintaining TLSs and the potential therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanji Dong
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huaxiang Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hwang N, Kang D, Shin SJ, Yoon BK, Chun J, Kim JW, Fang S. Creeping fat exhibits distinct Inflammation-specific adipogenic preadipocytes in Crohn's disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1198905. [PMID: 38111581 PMCID: PMC10725931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1198905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Creeping fat (CrF) is an extraintestinal manifestation observed in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). It is characterized by the accumulation of mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) that wraps around the intestinal wall. Although the role of CrF in CD is still debated, multiple studies have highlighted a correlation between CrF and inflammation, as well as fibrostenosais of the intestine, which contributes to the worsening of CD symptoms. However, the mechanism underlying the potential role of CrF in the development of Crohn's fibrosis remains an enigma. This study aimed to analyze CrF comprehensively using single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. The data was compared with transcriptomic data from adipose tissue in other disease conditions, such as ulcerative colitis, lymphedema, and obesity. Our analysis classified two lineages of preadipocyte (PAC) clusters responsible for adipogenesis and fibrosis in CrF. Committed PACs in CrF showed increased cytokine expression in response to bacterial stimuli, potentially worsening inflammation in patients with CD. We also observed an increase in fibrotic activity in PAC clusters in CrF. Co-analyzing the data from patients with lymphedema, we found that pro-fibrotic PACs featured upregulated pentraxin-3 expression, suggesting a potential target for the treatment of fibrosis in CrF. Furthermore, PACs in CrF exhibited a distinct increase in cell-to-cell communication via cytokines related to inflammation and fibrosis, such as CCL, LIGHT, PDGF, MIF, and SEMA3. Interestingly, these interactions also increased in PACs of the lymphedema, whereas the increased MIF signal of PACs was found to be a distinct characteristic of CrF. In immune cell clusters in CrF, we observed high immune activity of pro-inflammatory macrophages, antigen-presenting macrophages, B cells, and IgG+ plasma cells. Finally, we have demonstrated elevated IgG+ plasma cell infiltration and increased pentraxin-3 protein levels in the fibrotic regions of CrF in CD patients when compared to MAT from both UC patients and healthy individuals. These findings provide new insights into the transcriptomic features related to the inflammation of cells in CrF and suggest potential targets for attenuating fibrosis in CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahee Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Chronic Intractable Disease for Systems Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Kang
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Shin
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Chronic Intractable Disease for Systems Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Chun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-woo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Chronic Intractable Disease for Systems Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsoon Fang
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Chronic Intractable Disease for Systems Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tsounis EP, Aggeletopoulou I, Mouzaki A, Triantos C. Creeping Fat in the Pathogenesis of Crohn's Disease: An Orchestrator or a Silent Bystander? Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:1826-1836. [PMID: 37260352 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Although the phenomenon of hypertrophied adipose tissue surrounding inflamed bowel segments in Crohn's disease has been described since 1932, the mechanisms mediating the creeping fat formation and its role in the pathogenesis of the disease have not been fully unraveled. Recent advances demonstrating the multiple actions of adipose tissue beyond energy storage have brought creeping fat to the forefront of scientific research. In Crohn's disease, dysbiosis and transmural injury compromise the integrity of the intestinal barrier, resulting in an excessive influx of intraluminal microbiota and xenobiotics. The gut and peri-intestinal fat are in close anatomic relationship, implying a direct reciprocal immunologic relationship, whereas adipocytes are equipped with an arsenal of innate immunity sensors that respond to invading stimuli. As a result, adipocytes and their progenitor cells undergo profound immunophenotypic changes, leading to adipose tissue remodeling and eventual formation of creeping fat. Indeed, creeping fat is an immunologically active organ that synthesizes various pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, profibrotic mediators, and adipokines that serve as paracrine/autocrine signals and regulate immune responses. Therefore, creeping fat appears to be involved in inflammatory signaling, which explains why it has been associated with a higher severity or complicated phenotype of Crohn's disease. Interestingly, there is growing evidence for an alternative immunomodulatory function of creeping fat as a second barrier that prevents an abnormal systemic inflammatory response at the expense of an increasingly proliferating profibrotic environment. Further studies are needed to clarify how this modified adipose tissue exerts its antithetic effect during the course of Crohn's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Efthymios P Tsounis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Ioanna Aggeletopoulou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Athanasia Mouzaki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shu W, Wang Y, Li C, Zhang L, Zhuoma D, Yang P, Yan G, Chen C, Ba Y, Du P, Wang X. Single-cell Expression Atlas Reveals Cell Heterogeneity in the Creeping Fat of Crohn's Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:850-865. [PMID: 36715181 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Creeping fat (CrF) has been recognized to play a positive role in Crohn's disease (CD) progression, yet the cellular compositions within mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) and their potential mechanism in CrF formation are poorly understood. METHODS Analysis of 10X single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on 67 064 cells from 3 pairs of surgically resected samples of CrF and their uninvolved MAT. The results were validated in another cohort with 6 paired MAT samples by immunofluorescence. RESULTS All samples manifested excellent consistency and repeatability in our study, and 10 cell types from the transcriptome atlas, including 20 clusters, were identified. In CrF, a specific vascular endothelial cell subpopulation highly expressing lipoprotein lipase was first identified, with a significantly increased proportion. This vascular endothelial cell subpopulation manifested robust peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) transcription activity and an upregulated PPAR signaling pathway and was involved in lipid metabolism and the antibacterial response. A novel fibroblast subpopulation (FC3) with remarkable GREM1 and RFLNB expression was identified and validated to predominantly accumulate in the CrF. The FC3 was annotated as inflammation-associated fibroblasts, which are characterized by inflammatory responses and the regulation of Smad phosphorylation related to intestinal fibrosis. The trajectory of fibroblasts revealed their pro-inflammatory and profibrotic conversion tendency during CrF formation with corresponding gene dynamics. Additionally, we unprecedently dissected the different origins and functions of 6 macrophage subclusters within the myeloid compartment. CONCLUSIONS Our results uncover the cellular heterogeneity in the MAT of CD and the role of these various cellular compositions in CrF development. This comprehensive understanding of CrF provides future directions for in-depth research on and potential targets for MAT-based treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yongheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chuanding Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Deji Zhuoma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Pengyu Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guorong Yan
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Chunqiu Chen
- Center for Difficult and Complicated Abdominal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yongbing Ba
- OE Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201114, China
| | - Peng Du
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Barb AC, Pasca Fenesan M, Pirtea M, Margan MM, Tomescu L, Melnic E, Cimpean AM. Tertiary Lymphoid Structures (TLSs) and Stromal Blood Vessels Have Significant and Heterogeneous Impact on Recurrence, Lymphovascular and Perineural Invasion amongst Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081176. [PMID: 37190085 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) mediate local antitumor immunity, and interest in them significantly increased since cancer immunotherapy was implemented. We examined TLS- tumor stromal blood vessel interplay for each breast cancer (BC) molecular subtype related to recurrence, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and perineural invasion (PnI). METHODS TLSs were quantified on hematoxylin and eosin stain specimens followed by CD34/smooth muscle actin (SMA) double immunostaining for stromal blood vessel maturation assessment. Statistical analysis linked microscopy to recurrence, LVI, and PnI. RESULTS TLS negative (TLS-) subgroups in each BC molecular subtype (except to Luminal A) have higher LVI, PnI, and recurrence. A significant rise in LVI and PnI were observed for the HER2+/TLS- subgroup (p < 0.001). The triple negative breast cancer (TNBC)/TLS- subgroup had the highest recurrence and invasion risk which was also significantly related to tumor grade. PnI but not LVI significantly influenced recurrence in the TNBC/TLS+ subgroup (p < 0.001). TLS-stromal blood vessel interrelation was different amongst BC molecular subtypes. CONCLUSION BC invasion and recurrence are strongly influenced by TLS presence and stromal blood vessels, especially for HER2 and TNBC BC molecular subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Cristina Barb
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Doctoral School in Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- OncoHelp Hospital, 300239 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mihaela Pasca Fenesan
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Doctoral School in Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- OncoHelp Hospital, 300239 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marilena Pirtea
- Doctoral School in Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Madalin Marius Margan
- Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Public Health, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Larisa Tomescu
- Doctoral School in Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Eugen Melnic
- Department of Pathology, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2004 Chișinău, Moldova
| | - Anca Maria Cimpean
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center of Expertise for Rare Vascular Disease in Children, Emergency Hospital for Children Louis Turcanu, 300011 Timisoara, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Macchiarella G, Cornacchione V, Cojean C, Riker J, Wang Y, Te H, Ceci M, Gudjonsson JE, Gaulis S, Goetschy JF, Wollschlegel A, Gass SK, Oetliker-Contin S, Wettstein-Ling B, Schaefer DJ, Meschberger P, de Roche R, Osinga R, Wieczorek G, Naumann U, Lehmann JCU, Schubart A, Hofmann A, Roth L, Florencia EF, Loesche C, Traggiai E, Avrameas A, Prens EP, Röhn TA, Roediger B. Disease Association of Anti‒Carboxyethyl Lysine Autoantibodies in Hidradenitis Suppurativa. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:273-283.e12. [PMID: 36116506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurring suppurating lesions of the intertriginous areas, resulting in a substantial impact on patients' QOL. HS pathogenesis remains poorly understood. An autoimmune component has been proposed, but disease-specific autoantibodies, autoantigens, or autoreactive T cells have yet to be described. In this study, we identify a high prevalence of IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies directed against Nε-carboxyethyl lysine (CEL), a methylglyoxal-induced advanced glycation end-product, in the sera of patients with HS. Titers of anti-CEL IgG and IgA antibodies were highly elevated in HS compared with those in healthy controls and individuals with other inflammatory skin diseases. Strikingly, the majority of anti-CEL IgG was of the IgG2 subclass and correlated independently with both disease severity and duration. Both CEL and anti-CEL‒producing plasmablasts could be isolated directly from HS skin lesions, further confirming the disease relevance of this autoimmune response. Our data point to an aberration of the methylglyoxal pathway in HS and support an autoimmune axis in the pathogenesis of this debilitating disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Macchiarella
- Biomarker Development (BMD), Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland; Biozentrum, Faculty of Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Cornacchione
- NIBR Biologics Center (NBC), Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Celine Cojean
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation (ATI) Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Riker
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation (ATI) Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yichen Wang
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation (ATI) Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Helene Te
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation (ATI) Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Ceci
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation (ATI) Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Swann Gaulis
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation (ATI) Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean François Goetschy
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation (ATI) Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Audrey Wollschlegel
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation (ATI) Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie K Gass
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sofia Oetliker-Contin
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Wettstein-Ling
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dirk J Schaefer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Rik Osinga
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland; Praxis beim Merian Iselin, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Grazyna Wieczorek
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation (ATI) Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Naumann
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (CBT), Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joachim C U Lehmann
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation (ATI) Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Schubart
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation (ATI) Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Biotherapeutic and Analytical Technologies, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Roth
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation (ATI) Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Edwin F Florencia
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Loesche
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Traggiai
- NIBR Biologics Center (NBC), Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Avrameas
- Biomarker Development (BMD), Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Errol P Prens
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Till A Röhn
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation (ATI) Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ben Roediger
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation (ATI) Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang Q, Wu S. Tertiary lymphoid structures are critical for cancer prognosis and therapeutic response. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1063711. [PMID: 36713409 PMCID: PMC9875059 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1063711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are ectopic lymphocyte aggregates that form at sites of chronic inflammation, including cancers, in non-lymphoid tissues. Although the formation of TLSs is similar to that of secondary lymphoid organs, the pathogenic factors leading to TLS formation in cancerous tissues and the mechanisms underlying the role of these structures in the intra-tumoral adaptive antitumor immune response are not fully understood. The presence of TLSs may impact patient prognosis and treatment outcomes. This review examines the current understanding of TLSs in cancers, including their composition and formation as well as their potential to predict prognosis and therapeutic efficacy. We also summarize strategies to induce TLS formation for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Suhui Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang B, Wang M, Ao D, Wei X. CXCL13-CXCR5 axis: Regulation in inflammatory diseases and cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188799. [PMID: 36103908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 13 (CXCL13), originally identified as a B-cell chemokine, plays an important role in the immune system. The interaction between CXCL13 and its receptor, the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) CXCR5, builds a signaling network that regulates not only normal organisms but also the development of many diseases. However, the precise action mechanism remains unclear. In this review, we discussed the functional mechanisms of the CXCL13-CXCR5 axis under normal conditions, with special focus on its association with diseases. For certain refractory diseases, we emphasize the diagnostic and therapeutic role of CXCL13-CXCR5 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binhan Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Manni Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Danyi Ao
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Role of tertiary lymphoid organs in the regulation of immune responses in the periphery. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:359. [PMID: 35689679 PMCID: PMC9188279 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04388-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) are collections of immune cells resembling secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) that form in peripheral, non-lymphoid tissues in response to local chronic inflammation. While their formation mimics embryologic lymphoid organogenesis, TLOs form after birth at ectopic sites in response to local inflammation resulting in their ability to mount diverse immune responses. The structure of TLOs can vary from clusters of B and T lymphocytes to highly organized structures with B and T lymphocyte compartments, germinal centers, and lymphatic vessels (LVs) and high endothelial venules (HEVs), allowing them to generate robust immune responses at sites of tissue injury. Although our understanding of the formation and function of these structures has improved greatly over the last 30 years, their role as mediators of protective or pathologic immune responses in certain chronic inflammatory diseases remains enigmatic and may differ based on the local tissue microenvironment in which they form. In this review, we highlight the role of TLOs in the regulation of immune responses in chronic infection, chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, cancer, and solid organ transplantation.
Collapse
|
14
|
Suau R, Pardina E, Domènech E, Lorén V, Manyé J. The Complex Relationship Between Microbiota, Immune Response and Creeping Fat in Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:472-489. [PMID: 34528668 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, there has been growing interest in the pathological involvement of hypertrophic mesenteric fat attached to the serosa of the inflamed intestinal segments involved in Crohn's disease [CD], known as creeping fat. In spite of its protective nature, creeping fat harbours an aberrant inflammatory activity which, in an already inflamed intestine, may explain why creeping fat is associated with a greater severity of CD. The transmural inflammation of CD facilitates the interaction of mesenteric fat with translocated intestinal microorganisms, contributing to activation of the immune response. This may be not the only way in which microorganisms alter the homeostasis of this fatty tissue: intestinal dysbiosis may also impair xenobiotic metabolism. All these CD-related alterations have a functional impact on nuclear receptors such as the farnesoid X receptor or the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, which are implicated in regulation of the immune response, adipogenesis and the maintenance of barrier function, as well as on creeping fat production of inflammatory-associated cells such as adipokines. The dysfunction of creeping fat worsens the inflammatory course of CD and may favour intestinal fibrosis and fistulizing complications. However, our current knowledge of the pathophysiology and pathogenic role of creeping fat is controversial and a better understanding might provide new therapeutic targets for CD. Here we aim to review and update the key cellular and molecular alterations involved in this inflammatory process that link the pathological components of CD with the development of creeping fat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Suau
- IBD Research Group, 'Germans Trias i Pujol' Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona (Catalonia), Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Pardina
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine Department, University of Barcelona, Barcelona (Catalonia), Spain
| | - Eugeni Domènech
- IBD Research Group, 'Germans Trias i Pujol' Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona (Catalonia), Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Madrid, Spain.,Gastroenterology Department, 'Germans Trias i Pujol' University Hospital, Badalona (Catalonia), Spain
| | - Violeta Lorén
- IBD Research Group, 'Germans Trias i Pujol' Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona (Catalonia), Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Manyé
- IBD Research Group, 'Germans Trias i Pujol' Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona (Catalonia), Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Camell CD. Adipose tissue microenvironments during aging: Effects on stimulated lipolysis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159118. [PMID: 35131468 PMCID: PMC8986088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a critical organ for nutrient sensing, energy storage and maintaining metabolic health. The failure of adipose tissue homeostasis leads to metabolic disease that is seen during obesity or aging. Local metabolic processes are coordinated by interacting microenvironments that make up the complexity and heterogeneity of the adipose tissue. Catecholamine-induced lipolysis, a critical pathway in adipocytes that drives the release of stored triglyceride as free fatty acid after stimulation, is impaired during aging. The impairment of this pathway is associated with a failure to maintain a healthy body weight, core body-temperature during cold stress or mount an immune response. Along with impairments in aged adipocytes, aging is associated with an accumulation of inflammation, immune cell activation, and increased dysfunction in the nervous and lymphatic systems within the adipose tissue. Together these microenvironments support the initiation of stimulated lipolysis and the transport of free fatty acid under conditions of metabolic homeostasis. However, during aging, the defects in these cellular systems result in a reduction in ability to stimulate lipolysis. This review will focus on how the immune, nervous and lymphatic systems interact during tissue homeostasis, review areas that are impaired with aging and discuss areas of research that are currently unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina D Camell
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Ectopic lymphoid aggregates, termed tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs), are formed in numerous cancer types, and, with few exceptions, their presence is associated with superior prognosis and response to immunotherapy. In spite of their presumed importance, the triggers that lead to TLS formation in cancer tissue and the contribution of these structures to intratumoral immune responses remain incompletely understood. Here, we discuss the present knowledge on TLSs in cancer, focusing on (i) the drivers of TLS formation, (ii) the function and contribution of TLSs to the antitumor immune response, and (iii) the potential of TLSs as therapeutic targets in human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ton N Schumacher
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daniela S Thommen
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yin Y, Zhu ZX, Li Z, Chen YS, Zhu WM. Role of mesenteric component in Crohn’s disease: A friend or foe? World J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 13:1536-1549. [PMID: 35070062 PMCID: PMC8727179 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v13.i12.1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a complex and relapsing gastrointestinal disease with mesenteric alterations. The mesenteric neural, vascular, and endocrine systems actively take part in the gut dysbiosis-adaptive immunity-mesentery-body axis, and this axis has been proven to be bidirectional. The abnormalities of morphology and function of the mesenteric component are associated with intestinal inflammation and disease progress of CD via responses to afferent signals, neuropeptides, lymphatic drainage, adipokines, and functional cytokines. The hypertrophy of mesenteric adipose tissue plays important roles in the pathogenesis of CD by secreting large amounts of adipokines and representing a rich source of proinflammatory or profibrotic cytokines. The vascular alteration, including angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, is concomitant in the disease course of CD. Of note, the enlarged and obstructed lymphatic vessels, which have been described in CD patients, are likely related to the early onset submucosa edema and being a cause of CD. The function of mesenteric lymphatics is influenced by endocrine of mesenteric nerves and adipocytes. Meanwhile, the structure of the mesenteric lymphatic vessels in hypertrophic mesenteric adipose tissue is mispatterned and ruptured, which can lead to lymph leakage. Leaky lymph factors can in turn stimulate adipose tissue to proliferate and effectively elicit an immune response. The identification of the role of mesentery and the crosstalk between mesenteric tissues in intestinal inflammation may shed light on understanding the underlying mechanism of CD and help explore new therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei-Ming Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Antunes JC, Seabra CL, Domingues JM, Teixeira MO, Nunes C, Costa-Lima SA, Homem NC, Reis S, Amorim MTP, Felgueiras HP. Drug Targeting of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases by Biomolecules. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11082035. [PMID: 34443866 PMCID: PMC8401460 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of disabling, destructive and incurable immune-mediated inflammatory diseases comprising Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), disorders that are highly prevalent worldwide and demand a large investment in healthcare. A persistent inflammatory state enables the dysfunction and destruction of healthy tissue, hindering the initiation and endurance of wound healing. Current treatments are ineffective at counteracting disease progression. Further, increased risk of serious side effects, other comorbidities and/or opportunistic infections highlight the need for effective treatment options. Gut microbiota, the key to preserving a healthy state, may, alternatively, increase a patient’s susceptibility to IBD onset and development given a relevant bacterial dysbiosis. Hence, the main goal of this review is to showcase the main conventional and emerging therapies for IBD, including microbiota-inspired untargeted and targeted approaches (such as phage therapy) to infection control. Special recognition is given to existing targeted strategies with biologics (via monoclonal antibodies, small molecules and nucleic acids) and stimuli-responsive (pH-, enzyme- and reactive oxygen species-triggered release), polymer-based nanomedicine that is specifically directed towards the regulation of inflammation overload (with some nanosystems additionally functionalized with carbohydrates or peptides directed towards M1-macrophages). The overall goal is to restore gut balance and decrease IBD’s societal impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Costa Antunes
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.M.D.); (M.O.T.); (N.C.H.); (M.T.P.A.); (H.P.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-253-510-289
| | - Catarina Leal Seabra
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.S.); (C.N.); (S.A.C.-L.); (S.R.)
| | - Joana Margarida Domingues
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.M.D.); (M.O.T.); (N.C.H.); (M.T.P.A.); (H.P.F.)
| | - Marta Oliveira Teixeira
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.M.D.); (M.O.T.); (N.C.H.); (M.T.P.A.); (H.P.F.)
| | - Cláudia Nunes
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.S.); (C.N.); (S.A.C.-L.); (S.R.)
| | - Sofia Antunes Costa-Lima
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.S.); (C.N.); (S.A.C.-L.); (S.R.)
| | - Natália Cândido Homem
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.M.D.); (M.O.T.); (N.C.H.); (M.T.P.A.); (H.P.F.)
| | - Salette Reis
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.S.); (C.N.); (S.A.C.-L.); (S.R.)
| | - Maria Teresa Pessoa Amorim
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.M.D.); (M.O.T.); (N.C.H.); (M.T.P.A.); (H.P.F.)
| | - Helena Prado Felgueiras
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.M.D.); (M.O.T.); (N.C.H.); (M.T.P.A.); (H.P.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kang W, Feng Z, Luo J, He Z, Liu J, Wu J, Rong P. Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Cancer: The Double-Edged Sword Role in Antitumor Immunity and Potential Therapeutic Induction Strategies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:689270. [PMID: 34394083 PMCID: PMC8358404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.689270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a vital role in cancer development and dramatically determines the efficacy of immunotherapy. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) within the TME are well recognized and consist of T cell-rich areas containing dendritic cells (DCs) and B cell-rich areas containing germinal centers (GCs). Accumulating research has indicated that there is a close association between tumor-associated TLSs and favorable clinical outcomes in most types of cancers, though a minority of studies have reported an association between TLSs and a poor prognosis. Overall, the double-edged sword role of TLSs in the TME and potential mechanisms need to be further investigated, which will provide novel therapeutic perspectives for antitumor immunoregulation. In this review, we focus on discussing the main functions of TLSs in the TME and recent advances in the therapeutic manipulation of TLSs through multiple strategies to enhance local antitumor immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Kang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhichao Feng
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianwei Luo
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenhu He
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianzhen Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pengfei Rong
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang L, Ocansey DKW, Liu L, Olovo CV, Zhang X, Qian H, Xu W, Mao F. Implications of lymphatic alterations in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111752. [PMID: 34044275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by intense immune dysregulation, gut microbiota imbalance, and intestinal epithelium destruction. Among the factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD, lymphatics have received less attention, hence less studied, characterized, and explored. However, in recent years, the role of the lymphatic system in gastrointestinal pathophysiology continues to be highlighted. This paper examines the implications of lymphatic changes in IBD pathogenesis related to immune cells, gut microbiota, intestinal and mesenteric epithelial barrier integrity, and progression to colorectal cancer (CRC). Therapeutic targets of lymphatics in IBD studies are also presented. Available studies indicate that lymph nodes and other secondary lymphatic tissues, provide highly specialized microenvironments for mounting effective immune responses and that lymphatic integrity plays a significant role in small intestine homeostasis, where the lymphatic vasculature effectively controls tissue edema, leukocyte exit, bacterial antigen, and inflammatory chemokine clearance. In IBD, there are functional and morphological alterations in intestinal and mesenteric lymphatic vessels (more profoundly in Crohn's disease [CD] compared to ulcerative colitis [UC]), including lymphangiogenesis, lymphangiectasia, lymphadenopathy, and lymphatic vasculature blockade, affecting not only immunity but gut microbiota and epithelial barrier integrity. While increased lymphangiogenesis is primarily associated with a good prognosis of IBD, increased lymphangiectasia, lymphadenopathy, and lymphatic vessel occlusion correlate with poor prognosis. IBD therapies that target the lymphatic system seek to increase lymphangiogenesis via induction of lymphangiogenic factors and inhibition of its antagonists. The resultant increased lymphatic flow coupled with other anti-inflammatory activities restores gut homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Dickson Kofi Wiredu Ocansey
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China; Directorate of University Health Services, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Lianqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chinasa Valerie Olovo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hui Qian
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang J, Lin S, Brown JM, van Wagoner D, Fiocchi C, Rieder F. Novel mechanisms and clinical trial endpoints in intestinal fibrosis. Immunol Rev 2021; 302:211-227. [PMID: 33993489 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) worldwide has resulted in a global public health challenge. Intestinal fibrosis leading to stricture formation and bowel obstruction is a frequent complication in Crohn's disease (CD), and the lack of anti-fibrotic therapies makes elucidation of fibrosis mechanisms a priority. Progress has shown that mesenchymal cells, cytokines, microbial products, and mesenteric adipocytes are jointly implicated in the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis. This recent information puts prevention or reversal of intestinal strictures within reach through innovative therapies validated by reliable clinical trial endpoints. Here, we review the role of immune and non-immune components of the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis, including new cell clusters, cytokine networks, host-microbiome interactions, creeping fat, and their translation for endpoint development in anti-fibrotic clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sinan Lin
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jonathan Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David van Wagoner
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Karaskova E, Velganova-Veghova M, Geryk M, Foltenova H, Kucerova V, Karasek D. Role of Adipose Tissue in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4226. [PMID: 33921758 PMCID: PMC8073530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), chronic inflammatory disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract, include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. There are increasing clinical and experimental data showing that obesity, especially visceral adiposity, plays a substantial role in the pathogenesis of IBD. Obesity seems to be an important risk factor also for IBD disease severity and clinical outcomes. Visceral adipose tissue is an active multifunctional metabolic organ involved in lipid storage and immunological and endocrine activity. Bowel inflammation penetrates the surrounding adipose tissue along the mesentery. Mesenteric fat serves as a barrier to inflammation and controls immune responses to the translocation of gut bacteria. At the same time, mesenteric adipose tissue may be the principal source of cytokines and adipokines responsible for inflammatory processes associated with IBD. This review is particularly focusing on the potential role of adipokines in IBD pathogenesis and their possible use as promising therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Karaskova
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.V.-V.); (M.G.); (H.F.)
| | - Maria Velganova-Veghova
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.V.-V.); (M.G.); (H.F.)
| | - Milos Geryk
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.V.-V.); (M.G.); (H.F.)
| | - Hana Foltenova
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.V.-V.); (M.G.); (H.F.)
| | - Veronika Kucerova
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - David Karasek
- Third Department of Internal Medicine—Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tsai YW, Fu SH, Dong JL, Chien MW, Liu YW, Hsu CY, Sytwu HK. Adipokine-Modulated Immunological Homeostasis Shapes the Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249564. [PMID: 33334069 PMCID: PMC7765468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory colon diseases, which are a global health concern, include a variety of gastrointestinal tract disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer. The pathogenesis of these colon disorders involves immune alterations with the pronounced infiltration of innate and adaptive immune cells into the intestines and the augmented expression of mucosal pro-inflammatory cytokines stimulated by commensal microbiota. Epidemiological studies during the past half century have shown that the proportion of obese people in a population is associated with the incidence and pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tract disorders. The advancement of understanding of the immunological basis of colon disease has shown that adipocyte-derived biologically active substances (adipokines) modulate the role of innate and adaptive immune cells in the progress of intestinal inflammation. The biomedical significance in immunological homeostasis of adipokines, including adiponectin, leptin, apelin and resistin, is clear. In this review, we highlight the existing literature on the effect and contribution of adipokines to the regulation of immunological homeostasis in inflammatory colon diseases and discuss their crucial roles in disease etiology and pathogenesis, as well as the implications of these results for new therapies in these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Tsai
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, No. 222, Maijin Road, Keelung 204, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Huei Fu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (S.-H.F.); (M.-W.C.)
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan; (J.-L.D.); (Y.-W.L.)
| | - Jia-Ling Dong
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan; (J.-L.D.); (Y.-W.L.)
| | - Ming-Wei Chien
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (S.-H.F.); (M.-W.C.)
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan; (J.-L.D.); (Y.-W.L.)
| | - Yu-Wen Liu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan; (J.-L.D.); (Y.-W.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Molecular Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Hsu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (S.-H.F.); (M.-W.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.H.); (H.-K.S.)
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (S.-H.F.); (M.-W.C.)
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan; (J.-L.D.); (Y.-W.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.H.); (H.-K.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Petagna L, Antonelli A, Ganini C, Bellato V, Campanelli M, Divizia A, Efrati C, Franceschilli M, Guida AM, Ingallinella S, Montagnese F, Sensi B, Siragusa L, Sica GS. Pathophysiology of Crohn's disease inflammation and recurrence. Biol Direct 2020; 15:23. [PMID: 33160400 PMCID: PMC7648997 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-020-00280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chron’s Disease is a chronic inflammatory intestinal disease, first described at the beginning of the last century. The disease is characterized by the alternation of periods of flares and remissions influenced by a complex pathogenesis in which inflammation plays a key role. Crohn’s disease evolution is mediated by a complex alteration of the inflammatory response which is characterized by alterations of the innate immunity of the intestinal mucosa barrier together with a remodeling of the extracellular matrix through the expression of metalloproteins and increased adhesion molecules expression, such as MAcCAM-1. This reshaped microenvironment enhances leucocytes migration in the sites of inflammation, promoting a TH1 response, through the production of cytokines such as IL-12 and TNF-α. IL-12 itself and IL-23 have been targeted for the medical treatment of CD. Giving the limited success of medical therapies, the treatment of the disease is invariably surgical. This review will highlight the role of inflammation in CD and describe the surgical approaches for the prevention of the almost inevitable recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Petagna
- Department of Surgical Science, University Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - A Antonelli
- Department of Surgical Science, University Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - C Ganini
- Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - V Bellato
- Department of Surgical Science, University Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - M Campanelli
- Department of Surgical Science, University Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - A Divizia
- Department of Surgical Science, University Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - C Efrati
- Ospedale Israelitico, Department of Gastroenterology, Rome, Italy
| | - M Franceschilli
- Department of Surgical Science, University Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - A M Guida
- Department of Surgical Science, University Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - S Ingallinella
- Department of Surgical Science, University Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - F Montagnese
- Nuovo Ospedale dei Castelli, Endoscopy Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - B Sensi
- Department of Surgical Science, University Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - L Siragusa
- Department of Surgical Science, University Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - G S Sica
- Department of Surgical Science, University Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy. .,Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence, TOR, Department of Experimental Medicine, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Song D, Lai L, Ran Z. Metabolic Regulation of Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Their Role in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:580467. [PMID: 33193381 PMCID: PMC7649203 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.580467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic and relapsing inflammatory disorder of the intestine. IBD is associated with complex pathogenesis, and considerable data suggest that innate lymphoid cells contribute to the development and progression of the condition. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) not only play a protective role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and gut barrier function, but also a pathogenic role in intestinal inflammation. ILC3s can sense environmental and host-derived signals and combine these cues to modulate cell expansion, migration and function, and transmit information to the broader immune system. Herein, we review current knowledge of how ILC3s can be regulated by dietary nutrients, microbiota and their metabolites, as well as other metabolites. In addition, we describe the phenotypic and functional alterations of ILC3s in IBD and discuss the therapeutic potential of ILC3s in the treatment of IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhihua Ran
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Antonioli L, Fornai M, Pellegrini C, Masi S, Puxeddu I, Blandizzi C. Ectopic Lymphoid Organs and Immune-Mediated Diseases: Molecular Basis for Pharmacological Approaches. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:1021-1033. [PMID: 32600794 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is the result a persistent increase in the expression of several proinflammatory pathways with impaired inflammatory resolution. Ectopic lymphoid organs (ELOs), untypical lymphoid annexes, emerge during chronic inflammation and contribute to the physiopathology of chronic inflammatory disorders. This review discusses the pathophysiological role of ELOs in the progression of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), including multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), atherosclerosis, and Sjögren syndrome (SSj). The molecular pathways underlying the emergence of ELOs are of interest for the development of novel pharmacological approaches for the management of chronic inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Masi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Puxeddu
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Butt WT, Ryan ÉJ, Boland MR, McCarthy EM, Omorogbe J, Hazel K, Bass GA, Neary PC, Kavanagh DO, McNamara D, O'Riordan JM. Strictureplasty versus bowel resection for the surgical management of fibrostenotic Crohn's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2020; 35:705-717. [PMID: 32048011 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-020-03507-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strictureplasty (SPX) conserves bowel length and minimizes the risk of developing short bowel syndrome in patients undergoing surgery for Crohn's disease (CD). However, SPX may be associated with a higher risk of recurrence compared with bowel resection (BR). AIM We sought to compare morbidity and recurrence following SPX and BR in patients with fibrostenotic CD. METHODS A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Observational studies that compared outcomes of CD patients undergoing either SPX or BR were identified. Log hazard ratios (InHR) for recurrence-free survival (RFS) and their standard errors were calculated from Kaplan-Meier plots or Cox regression models and pooled using the inverse variance method. Dichotomous variables were pooled as odds ratios (OR) using the Mantel-Haenszel method. Continuous variables were pooled as weighted mean differences. RESULTS Twelve studies of 1026 CD patients (SPX n = 444, 43.27%; BR with or without SPX n = 582, 56.72%) were eligible for inclusion. There was an increased likelihood of disease recurrence with SPX than with BR (OR 1.61; 95% CI, 1.03, 2.52; p = 0.04; I2 = 0%). Patients who had a SPX alone had a significantly reduced RFS than those who underwent BR (HR 1.47; 95% CI, 1.08, 2.01; p = 0.02; I2 = 0%). There was no difference in morbidity between the groups (OR 0.58; 95% CI, 0.26, 1.28; p = 0.18; I2 = 0%). CONCLUSION SPX should only be performed in those patients with Crohn's strictures that are at high risk for short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure; otherwise, BR is the favored surgical technique for the management of fibrostenotic CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waqas T Butt
- Department of Surgery, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, D24 NR0A, Ireland.
| | - Éanna J Ryan
- Department of Surgery, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, D24 NR0A, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael R Boland
- Department of Surgery, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, D24 NR0A, Ireland
| | - Eilis M McCarthy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joseph Omorogbe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karl Hazel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gary A Bass
- Department of Surgery, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, D24 NR0A, Ireland
| | - Paul C Neary
- Department of Surgery, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, D24 NR0A, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dara O Kavanagh
- Department of Surgery, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, D24 NR0A, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Deirdre McNamara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James M O'Riordan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ryan ÉJ, Orsi G, Boland MR, Syed AZ, Creavin B, Kelly ME, Sheahan K, Neary PC, Kavanagh DO, McNamara D, Winter DC, O'Riordan JM. Meta-analysis of early bowel resection versus initial medical therapy in patient's with ileocolonic Crohn's disease. Int J Colorectal Dis 2020; 35:501-512. [PMID: 31915984 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-019-03479-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early bowel resection (EBR) in ileocolonic Crohn's disease (CD) may be associated with more durable remission compared with initial medical therapy (IMT) even when biologic therapy is included. AIM To compare the efficacy of EBR versus IMT for ileocolonic CD METHODS: A systematic search was performed to identify studies that compared EBR (performed < 1 year from initial diagnosis) or IMT for the management of ileocolonic CD. Log hazard ratios (InHR) for relapse-free survival (RFS) and their standard errors were calculated from Kaplan-Meier plots and pooled using the inverse-variance method. Dichotomous variables were pooled as odds ratios (OR). Quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa (NOS) and Jadad scales. RESULTS A total of 7 studies with 1863 CD patients (EBR n = 581, 31.2%; IMT n = 1282, 68.8%) were eligible for inclusion. There was a moderate-to-high risk of bias. The median NOS was 8 (range 7-9). There was a reduced likelihood of overall (OR, 0.53; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.34, 0.83; p = 0.005) and surgical (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.24, 0.91; p = 0.03) relapse with EBR. There was also a less requirement for maintenance biologic therapy (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.14, 0.42; p < 0.0001). Patients who underwent EBR had a significantly improved RFS than those who underwent IMT (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.52, 0.73; p < 0.001). There was no difference in morbidity (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 0.44, 6.36; p = 0.45) between the groups. CONCLUSION EBR may be associated with less relapse and need for maintenance biologic therapy than IMT. 'Upfront' or early resection may represent a reasonable and cost-effective alternative to biologic therapy, especially in biologic-resistant subpopulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Éanna J Ryan
- Department of Surgery, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, D24 NR0A, Dublin, Ireland. .,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Gabriel Orsi
- Department of Surgery, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, D24 NR0A, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael R Boland
- Department of Surgery, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, D24 NR0A, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adeel Zafar Syed
- Department of Surgery, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, D24 NR0A, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ben Creavin
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael E Kelly
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kieran Sheahan
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Histopathology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul C Neary
- Department of Surgery, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, D24 NR0A, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dara O Kavanagh
- Department of Surgery, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, D24 NR0A, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Deirdre McNamara
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Gastroenterology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Des C Winter
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James M O'Riordan
- Department of Surgery, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, D24 NR0A, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Luo S, Zhu R, Yu T, Fan H, Hu Y, Mohanta SK, Hu D. Chronic Inflammation: A Common Promoter in Tertiary Lymphoid Organ Neogenesis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2938. [PMID: 31921189 PMCID: PMC6930186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) frequently develop locally in adults in response to non-resolving inflammation. Chronic inflammation leads to the differentiation of stromal fibroblast cells toward lymphoid tissue organizer-like cells, which interact with lymphotoxin α1β2+ immune cells. The interaction initiates lymphoid neogenesis by recruiting immune cells to the site of inflammation and ultimately leads to the formation of TLOs. Mature TLOs harbor a segregated T-cell zone, B-cell follicles with an activated germinal center, follicular dendritic cells, and high endothelial venules, which architecturally resemble those in secondary lymphoid organs. Since CXCL13 and LTα1β2 play key roles in TLO neogenesis, they might constitute potential biomarkers of TLO activity. The well-developed TLOs actively regulate local immune responses and influence disease progression, and they are thereby regarded as the powerhouses of local immunity. In this review, we recapitulated the determinants for TLOs development, with great emphasis on the fundamental role of chronic inflammation and tissue-resident stromal cells for TLO neogenesis, hence offering guidance for therapeutic interventions in TLO-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Luo
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Fan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sarajo Kumar Mohanta
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Desheng Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|