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Evaluation of body surface temperature variations in dogs affected by spinal cord injuries during physiotherapy exercise in a water treadmill. J Therm Biol 2022; 106:103247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Werbner B, Lee M, Lee A, Yang L, Habib M, Fields AJ, O'Connell GD. Non-enzymatic glycation of annulus fibrosus alters tissue-level failure mechanics in tension. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 126:104992. [PMID: 34864399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Advanced-glycation end products (AGEs) are known to accumulate in biological tissues with age and at an accelerated rate in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Clinically, diabetes has been linked to increased frequency and severity of back pain, accelerated disc degeneration, and an increased risk of disc herniation. Despite significant clinical evidence suggesting that diabetes-induced AGEs may play a role in intervertebral disc failure and substantial previous work investigating the effects of AGEs on bone, cartilage, and tendon mechanics, the effects of AGEs on annulus fibrosus (AF) failure mechanics have not yet been reported. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between physiological levels of AGEs and AF tensile mechanics at two distinct loading rates. In vitro glycation treatments with methylglyoxal were applied to minimize changes in tissue hydration and induce two distinct levels of AGEs based on values measured from human AF tissues. In vitro glycation increased modulus by 48-99% and failure stress by 45-104% versus control and decreased post-failure energy absorption capacity by 15-32% versus control (ANOVA p < 0.0001 on means; range given across two loading rates and glycation levels). AGE content correlated strongly with modulus (R = 0.74, p < 0.0001) and failure stress (R = 0.70, p < 0.0001) and moderately with post-failure energy absorption capacity (R = 0.62, p < 0.0001). Failure strain was reduced by 10-17% at the high-glycation level (ANOVA p = 0.01). Tissue water content remained near or just above fresh-tissue levels for all groups. The alterations in mechanics with glycation reported here are consistent with trends from other connective tissues but do not fully explain the clinical predisposition of diabetics to disc herniation. The results from this study may be used in the development of advanced computational models that aim to study disc disease progression and to provide a deeper understanding of altered structure-function relationships that may lead to tissue dysfunction and failure with aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Werbner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Matthew Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Allan Lee
- Department of Bioengineering University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Linda Yang
- Department of Bioengineering University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Mohamed Habib
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of California, San Francisco, USA; Mechanical Engineering Department Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aaron J Fields
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Grace D O'Connell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California, Berkeley, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of California, San Francisco, USA.
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Takaoka A, Babar N, Hogan J, Kim M, Price MO, Price FW, Trokel SL, Paik DC. An Evaluation of Lysyl Oxidase-Derived Cross-Linking in Keratoconus by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 57:126-36. [PMID: 26780316 PMCID: PMC4727527 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-18105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Current literature contains scant information regarding the extent of enzymatic collagen cross-linking in the keratoconus (KC) cornea. The aim of the present study was to examine levels of enzymatic lysyl oxidase–derived cross-links in stromal collagen in KC tissue, and to correlate the cross-link levels with collagen fibril stability as determined by thermal denaturation temperature (Tm). Methods Surgical KC samples (n = 17) and Eye-Bank control (n = 11) corneas of age 18 to 68 years were analyzed. The samples were defatted, reduced (NaBH4), hydrolyzed (6N HCl at 110°C for 18 hours), and cellulose enriched before analysis by C8 high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with parallel fluorescent and mass detectors in selective ion monitoring mode (20 mM heptafluorobutyric acid/methanol 70:30 isocratic at 1 mL/min). Nine different cross-links were measured, and the cross-link density was determined relative to collagen content (determined colorimetrically). The Tm was determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Results Cross-links detected were dihydroxylysinonorleucine (DHLNL), hydroxylysinonorleucine, lysinonorleucine (LNL), and histidinohydroxylysinonorleucine in both control and KC samples. Higher DHLNL levels were detected in KC, whereas the dominant cross-link, LNL, was decreased in KC samples. Decreased LNL levels were observed among KC ≤ 40 corneas. There was no difference in total cross-link density between KC samples and the controls. Pyridinolines, desmosines, and pentosidine were not detected. There was no notable correlation between cross-link levels with fibril instability as determined by Tm. Conclusions Lower levels of LNL in the KC cornea suggest that there might be a cross-linking defect either in fibrillar collagen or the microfibrillar elastic network composed of fibrillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Takaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - Natasha Babar
- Department of Ophthalmology Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - Julia Hogan
- Department of Ophthalmology Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - MiJung Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - Marianne O Price
- The Cornea Research Foundation of America, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | | | - Stephen L Trokel
- Department of Ophthalmology Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - David C Paik
- Department of Ophthalmology Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
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McGowan L, Loughin CA, Marino DJ, Umbaugh SE, Liu P, Amini M, Solt P, Lesser ML, Akerman M. Medical Infrared Imaging of Normal and Dysplastic Elbows in Dogs. Vet Surg 2015; 44:874-82. [PMID: 26340680 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the ability of medical infrared imaging to differentiate between normal canine elbows and those with abnormal elbows (elbow dysplasia). STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. ANIMALS Dogs with normal (n = 15) and abnormal (n = 14) elbows. METHODS Infrared imaging was performed on all dogs and data analyzed via descriptive statistics and image pattern analysis software. Animals with elbow dysplasia had arthroscopic procedures to confirm the presence of elbow disease. RESULTS Computer recognition pattern analysis was up to 100% correct in identifying abnormal elbows and normal elbows, with the medial images most consistent. The caudal, lateral, and cranial images correctly identified 83-100% abnormal elbows. The caudal and lateral images correctly identified 83% normal elbows. A significant difference in temperature was found between normal and abnormal elbows for the cranial full region of interest, lateral images, and each quadrant. CONCLUSION Medical infrared imaging was able to correctly identify known abnormal and known normal elbows in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren McGowan
- Department of Surgery, Long Island Veterinary Specialists, Plainveiw, New York
| | - Catherine A Loughin
- Department of Surgery, Long Island Veterinary Specialists, Plainveiw, New York
| | - Dominic J Marino
- Department of Surgery, Long Island Veterinary Specialists, Plainveiw, New York
| | - Scott E Umbaugh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, Illinois
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, Illinois
| | - Maryam Amini
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, Illinois
| | - Patrick Solt
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, Illinois
| | - Martin L Lesser
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Department of Population Health, Biostatistics Unit, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - Meredith Akerman
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Department of Population Health, Biostatistics Unit, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, New Hyde Park, New York
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Waddell RE, Marino DJ, Loughin CA, Tumulty JW, Dewey CW, Sackman J. Medical infrared thermal imaging of cats with hyperthyroidism. Am J Vet Res 2015; 76:53-9. [PMID: 25535661 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.76.1.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the usefulness of medical infrared thermal imaging (MITI) as a screening tool for hyperthyroidism in cats, evaluate the need for hair clipping over the ventral aspect of the neck to achieve optimal images, and determine whether there is a change in thermal patterns at 1 and 3 months after radioactive sodium iodide I 131 treatment. ANIMALS 17 cats with and 12 control cats without hyperthyroidism. PROCEDURES All cats underwent MITI first with the hair present and then after the hair was clipped. Each cat with hyperthyroidism was subsequently appropriately treated SC with radioiodide; reevaluations, including MITI before and after hair clipping and measurement of serum thyroxine concentration, were performed 1 and 3 months after treatment. RESULTS The MITI had 80.5% and 87.5% accuracy in differentiating hyperthyroid cats from clinically normal cats before and after the hair over the ventral aspect of the neck was clipped. Among cats with an initial serum thyroxine concentration > 4.0 μg/dL, the success rate for MITI-detected response to radioiodide treatment at the 1-month reevaluation was 92.86% in unshaved cats and 85.71% in shaved cats. The success rate for MITI-detected response to radioiodide treatment at the 3-month reevaluation was 100% in unshaved and shaved cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that MITI was successful in differentiating between hyperthyroid cats and clinically normal cats and identifying patients with thyroxine concentration within reference interval after radioactive sodium iodide I 131 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Waddell
- Department of Surgery, Long Island Veterinary Specialists, 163 S Service Rd, Plainview, NY 11803
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Grossbard BP, Loughin CA, Marino DJ, Marino LJ, Sackman J, Umbaugh SE, Solt PS, Afruz J, Leando P, Lesser ML, Akerman M. Medical Infrared Imaging (Thermography) of Type I Thoracolumbar Disk Disease in Chondrodystrophic Dogs. Vet Surg 2014; 43:869-76. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2014.12239.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian P. Grossbard
- Department of Surgery; Long Island Veterinary Specialists; Plainview New York
| | - Catherine A. Loughin
- Department of Surgery; Long Island Veterinary Specialists; Plainview New York
- The Canine Chiari Institute at Long Island Veterinary Specialists; Plainview New York
| | - Dominic J. Marino
- Department of Surgery; Long Island Veterinary Specialists; Plainview New York
- The Canine Chiari Institute at Long Island Veterinary Specialists; Plainview New York
| | - Leonard J. Marino
- Department of Surgery; Long Island Veterinary Specialists; Plainview New York
- The Canine Chiari Institute at Long Island Veterinary Specialists; Plainview New York
| | - Joseph Sackman
- The Canine Chiari Institute at Long Island Veterinary Specialists; Plainview New York
| | - Scott E. Umbaugh
- The Canine Chiari Institute at Long Island Veterinary Specialists; Plainview New York
- Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory; Electrical and Computer Engineering Department; Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville; Edwardsville Illinois
| | - Patrick S. Solt
- The Canine Chiari Institute at Long Island Veterinary Specialists; Plainview New York
- Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory; Electrical and Computer Engineering Department; Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville; Edwardsville Illinois
| | - Jakia Afruz
- Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory; Electrical and Computer Engineering Department; Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville; Edwardsville Illinois
| | - Peter Leando
- The Canine Chiari Institute at Long Island Veterinary Specialists; Plainview New York
- Meditherm, Inc.; Fort Myers Florida
| | - Martin L. Lesser
- The Canine Chiari Institute at Long Island Veterinary Specialists; Plainview New York
- North Shore-LIJ Health System Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Biostatistics Unit; Manhasset New York
| | - Meredith Akerman
- North Shore-LIJ Health System Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Biostatistics Unit; Manhasset New York
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Infernuso T, Loughin CA, Marino DJ, Umbaugh SE, Solt PS. Thermal imaging of normal and cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifles in dogs. Vet Surg 2010; 39:410-7. [PMID: 20459492 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2010.00677.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the capability of thermography for differentiation between normal stifles and those with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture in dogs, initially with a full hair coat and 1 hour after clipping the hair coat. STUDY DESIGN Prospective study. ANIMALS Labrador Retrievers (n=6) with normal stifle joints (controls) and adult dogs (n=10) with CCL rupture. METHODS Thermography was performed before, and 60 minutes after, clipping the hair coat from the pelvic limb. Stifle images were classified as normal or abnormal, then subclassified as clipped and unclipped hair coat. CCL deficiency was confirmed at surgery and thermographic images subsequently classified as abnormal before analysis with image processing software. RESULTS Using image recognition analysis, differentiation between normal and CCL-deficient stifles in both clipped and unclipped dogs was 85% successful on cranial images, medial, caudal, and lateral images were between 75% and 85% successful. Although there were significant increases in skin temperature after clipping in both groups (P<.0002-.0001), there were no significant temperature differences between normal and CCL-deficient stifles when the entire stifle was examined. CONCLUSION Thermography was successful in differentiating naturally occurring CCL-deficient stifles in dogs, with a success rate of 75-85%. Clipping is not necessary for successful thermographic evaluation of the canine stifle. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Thermography may be a useful imaging modality for diagnosis of CCL deficiency in dogs when CCL rupture is suspected but stifle laxity is not evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Infernuso
- Department of Surgery, Long Island Veterinary Specialists, Plainview, NY 11803, USA
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DSC Study of Collagen in Disc Disease. JOURNAL OF BIOPHYSICS 2010; 2009:819635. [PMID: 20169086 PMCID: PMC2821760 DOI: 10.1155/2009/819635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 12/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has been used to estimate the effect of disc disease on the collagen helix-coil transition and morphology for tissue extracted from patients during surgical operation. Forty discs were obtained from patients with degenerative disc disease undergoing surgery for low back pain. The patients were in the age between 20 and 70 years old. The specimens were kept wet during DSC experiment. The data allow the comparison between thermal stability of collagen tissue from healthy patients and from patients suffering from disc disease. In the paper the comparison between thermal helix-coil transition for collagen fibers from patients suffering from disc disease and collagen fibers from healthy organisms has been discussed. The heating rate has an influence on the position on denaturation temperatures of collagen in disc tissues. Higher helix-coil transition temperature of collagen in degenerated disc suggests that additional intermolecular cross linking of collagen fibers occurs. Denaturation temperatures of collagen in degenerated male disc possess smaller values than in female ones. Disc disease induces changes in collagen structure and leads to formation of additional crosslinks between collagen fibers.
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Effect of weight loss after bariatric surgery on skin and the extracellular matrix. Plast Reconstr Surg 2010; 125:343-351. [PMID: 20048625 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0b013e3181c2a657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obese patients experience dramatic physical and metabolic changes in the skin and its collagen. Bariatric surgery is known to result in significant improvement in obesity-associated comorbid conditions and metabolic disturbances. The aim of this study was to evaluate skin quality following weight loss surgery and its suitability to produce an extracellular matrix for use in reconstructive procedures. METHODS During circumferential lipectomy, skin tissue was obtained from 10 patients following bariatric surgery. The samples were subjected to histologic examination and to study by differential scanning calorimetry. A retrospective review of patient records was used to determine time between bariatric and body lift procedures and to identify subject demographic and clinical data, including body mass index, excess weight loss, and comorbid conditions. RESULTS Plastic surgery followed bariatric surgery by 20.5 +/- 11 months, and patients experienced an average weight loss of 132.1 +/- 61.0 lb. Histologic evaluation of post-bariatric surgery skin samples showed a poorly organized collagen structure, elastin degradation, and regions of scar formation within macroscopically normal areas. Differential scanning calorimetry showed increased enthalpy of phase transition and decreased onset temperature for collagen denaturation in striae distensae samples compared with bulk bariatric skin samples, consistent with tissue matrix degradation in striae. CONCLUSION Skin tissue in this patient population exhibited significant signs of damage to extracellular matrix components despite the duration of time since the bariatric procedure.
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Loughin CA, Marino DJ. Evaluation of thermographic imaging of the limbs of healthy dogs. Am J Vet Res 2008; 68:1064-9. [PMID: 17916011 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.68.10.1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a thermographic imaging protocol, identify normal thermographic patterns (ie, color map reflecting the skin temperature distribution) for various regions of interest (ROIs) of dog limbs, and evaluate effects of clipping the coat on thermographic patterns and limb temperature in healthy dogs. ANIMALS 10 healthy dogs. PROCEDURES Each dog was thermographically evaluated in the same room (ambient temperature, 21 degrees C) via ROIs that included cranial and caudal views of the body, full lateral body views, full views of the limbs, and views of various limb regions. After initial imaging, the coat was clipped on the forelimbs and hind limbs only. Each dog was then evaluated 15 and 60 minutes and 24 hours after clipping by use of the same protocol. RESULTS For each ROI within a category (intact coat and each time point after clipping), mean temperatures were similar among the 10 dogs. Pairwise comparisons for 15 and 60 minutes and 24 hours established patterns of temperature stabilization among the 3 time points. Temperatures did not differ significantly between the left and right limbs. There was a mean success rate of 75% for use of image pattern analysis for recognition of similar thermographic patterns in the forelimbs and hind limbs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Thermography can be a viable, noninvasive imaging modality that provides consistent images with reproducible thermal patterns in ROIs examined in healthy dogs. Although the coat had a predictable influence to decrease the mean temperature, thermal patterns remained fairly consistent after the coat was clipped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Loughin
- Department of Surgery, Long Island Veterinary Specialists, 163 S Service Rd, Plainview, NY 11803, USA
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