1
|
Ahmed K, Taheri S, Weygers I, Ortiz-Catalan M. Validation of IMU against optical reference and development of open-source pipeline: proof of concept case report in a participant with transfemoral amputation fitted with a Percutaneous Osseointegrated Implant. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2024; 21:128. [PMID: 39085954 PMCID: PMC11290066 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-024-01426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systems that capture motion under laboratory conditions limit validity in real-world environments. Mobile motion capture solutions such as Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) can progress our understanding of "real" human movement. IMU data must be validated in each application to interpret with clinical applicability; this is particularly true for diverse populations. Our IMU analysis method builds on the OpenSim IMU Inverse Kinematics toolkit integrating the Versatile Quaternion-based Filter and incorporates realistic constraints to the underlying biomechanical model. We validate our processing method against the reference standard optical motion capture in a case report with participants with transfemoral amputation fitted with a Percutaneous Osseointegrated Implant (POI) and without amputation walking over level ground. We hypothesis that by using this novel pipeline, we can validate IMU motion capture data, to a clinically acceptable degree. RESULTS Average RMSE (across all joints) between the two systems from the participant with a unilateral transfemoral amputation (TFA) on the amputated and the intact sides were 2.35° (IQR = 1.45°) and 3.59° (IQR = 2.00°) respectively. Equivalent results in the non-amputated participant were 2.26° (IQR = 1.08°). Joint level average RMSE between the two systems from the TFA ranged from 1.66° to 3.82° and from 1.21° to 5.46° in the non-amputated participant. In plane average RMSE between the two systems from the TFA ranged from 2.17° (coronal) to 3.91° (sagittal) and from 1.96° (transverse) to 2.32° (sagittal) in the non-amputated participant. Coefficients of Multiple Correlation (CMC) results between the two systems in the TFA ranged from 0.74 to > 0.99 and from 0.72 to > 0.99 in the non-amputated participant and resulted in 'excellent' similarity in each data set average, in every plane and at all joint levels. Normalized RMSE between the two systems from the TFA ranged from 3.40% (knee level) to 54.54% (pelvis level) and from 2.18% to 36.01% in the non-amputated participant. CONCLUSIONS We offer a modular processing pipeline that enables the addition of extra layers, facilitates changes to the underlying biomechanical model, and can accept raw IMU data from any vendor. We successfully validate the pipeline using data, for the first time, from a TFA participant using a POI and have proved our hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Ahmed
- Chalmers University, Chalmersplatsen 4, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Shayan Taheri
- Chalmers University, Chalmersplatsen 4, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Coyne LM, Newell M, Hoozemans MJM, Morrison A, Brown SJ. Marker location and knee joint constraint affect the reporting of overhead squat kinematics in elite youth football players. Sports Biomech 2024; 23:740-757. [PMID: 33666149 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1890197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Motion capture systems are used in the analysis and interpretation of athlete movement patterns for a variety of reasons, but data integrity remains critical regardless. The extent to which marker location or constraining degrees of freedom (DOF) in the biomechanical model impacts on this integrity lacks consensus. Ten elite academy footballers performed bilateral overhead squats using a marker-based motion capture system. Kinematic data were calculated using four different marker sets with 3DOF and 6DOF configurations for the three joint rotations of the right knee. Root mean squared error differences between marker sets ranged in the sagittal plane between 1.02 and 4.19 degrees to larger values in the frontal (1.30-6.39 degrees) and transverse planes (1.33 and 7.97 degrees). The cross-correlation function of the knee kinematic time series for all eight marker-sets ranged from excellent for sagittal plane motion (>0.99) but reduced for both coronal and transverse planes (<0.9). Two-way ANOVA repeated measures calculated at peak knee flexion revealed significant differences between marker sets for frontal and transverse planes (p < 0.05). Pairwise comparisons showed significant differences between some marker sets. Marker location and constraining DOF while measuring relatively large ranges of motion in this population are important considerations for data integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara M Coyne
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Arsenal Performance & Research Team, Arsenal Football Club, London, UK
- Insight, Centre for Data Analytics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Micheál Newell
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Marco J M Hoozemans
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Morrison
- Cambridge Centre for Sports and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan J Brown
- School of Applied Sciences Edinburgh, Edinburgh Napier University, Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guan S, Dumas R, Pandy MG. Tibiofemoral Slip Velocity in Total Knee Arthroplasty is Design-Invariant but Activity-Dependent. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:1779-1794. [PMID: 38530534 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03490-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Tibiofemoral slip velocity is a key contributor to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) component wear, yet few studies have evaluated this quantity in vivo. The aim of the present study was to measure and compare tibiofemoral slip velocities in 3 TKA designs for a range of daily activities. Mobile biplane X-ray imaging was used to measure 6-degree-of-freedom tibiofemoral kinematics and the locations of articular contact in 75 patients implanted with a posterior-stabilized, cruciate-retaining, or medial-stabilized design while each patient performed level walking, step up, step down, sit-to-stand, and stand-to-sit. Using these data, tibiofemoral slip velocity was calculated for the duration of each activity for each TKA design. The pattern of tibiofemoral slip velocity was similar for all 3 TKA designs within each activity but markedly different across the 5 activities tested, with the magnitude of peak slip velocity being significantly higher in level walking (range: 158-211 mm/s) than in all other activities (range: 43-75 mm/s). The pattern of tibiofemoral slip velocity in both the medial and lateral compartments closely resembled the pattern of tibiofemoral (knee) flexion angular velocity, with a strong linear relationship observed between slip velocity and flexion angular velocity (r = 0.81-0.97). Tibiofemoral slip velocity was invariant to TKA design but was significantly affected by activity type. Our measurements of slip velocity and articular contact locations for a wide range of daily activities may be used as inputs in joint simulator testing protocols and computational models developed to estimate TKA component wear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanyuanye Guan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Raphael Dumas
- University of Lyon, University Gustave Eiffel, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LBMC UMR T_9406, F-69622, Lyon, France
| | - Marcus G Pandy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Patathong T, Klaewkasikum K, Angsnuntsukh C, Woratanarat T, Kijkunasathian C, Sanguantrakul J, Woratanarat P. The knee kinematic patterns and associated factors in healthy Thai adults. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:940. [PMID: 38053059 PMCID: PMC10696785 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-07081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reference values for normal knee kinematics were limited in Asian population and were influenced by race and other factors. This study was aimed to establish the reference values and identify the factors associated with knee kinematics in healthy Thai adults, aged 18-40 years. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted between 2016 and 2020. Healthy Thai adults aged 18-40 years old with body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2 were included. All eligible participants were attached with reflective markers. Their walking was captured by 8-digital cameras, and assessed by motion analysis software. The primary outcomes were average knee kinematic data (degrees) in three dimensional planes as valgus-varus, flexion-extension, and internal-external rotation. Paired t-test and multiple linear regression were applied to compare the outcomes and to determine their associated factors. RESULTS Ninety-eight participants (60 females and 38 males) were included with mean age 28.5 ± 5.4 years, and BMI 21.1 ± 2.0 kg/m2. Knee kinematics showed slight adduction during the swing phase, flexion during the stance phase, and obvious external rotation throughout the gait cycle, with a peak of 30-31 degrees during mid-swing. Right knee was significantly more adducted, flexed and externally rotated than the left side, particularly at mid-stance (P = 0.047, 0.017, and < 0.001, respectively). Females had more knee abduction, flexion and external rotation than males. Age, sex, and BMI were significantly correlated with knee abduction at terminal stance (correlation coefficient - 0.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.23, -0.01; -1.37, 95%CI -2.54, -0.20; and - 0.32, 95%CI -0.61, -0.39, respectively), and rotation at mid-swing (correlation coefficient - 0.36, 95%CI -0.69, -0.02; -7.37, 95%CI -10.82, -3.92; and 0.89, 95%CI 0.01, 1.78, respectively). CONCLUSION Knee kinematics demonstrates external tibial rotation throughout the gait cycle, significant side differences, and are associated with age, sex, and BMI. Reference values from this study will be useful for functional gait assessment in healthy Thais. However, further comprehensive knee kinetic study including spatio-temporal parameter is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanyaporn Patathong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Krongkaew Klaewkasikum
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Chanika Angsnuntsukh
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Thira Woratanarat
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chusak Kijkunasathian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Jongsook Sanguantrakul
- National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Patarawan Woratanarat
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Leboeuf F, Barre A, Aminian K, Sangeux M. On the accuracy of the Conventional gait Model: Distinction between marker misplacement and soft tissue artefact errors. J Biomech 2023; 159:111774. [PMID: 37690367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of knowledge about the accuracy of the Conventional Gait Model (CGM), compared to the true bone motion. Accuracy is hindered by both marker misplacement and soft-tissue artefact (STA). The effect of the lateral knee marker (KNE) misplacement and STA was determined from a secondary analysis of 13 subjects equipped with a total knee prothesis for which simultaneous dual-plane fluoroscopy and marker-based motion capture was available. In average, STA alone led to 3.3°, 2.9° and 6.7° errors for knee flexion, knee abduction, and the absolute hip rotation respectively. In comparison, marker misplacement led to 0.9°, 4.0° and 12.3° errors for the same kinematics. We showed that STA alone may lead to knee flexion-adduction cross-talk. This finding has clinical repercussions for the use of knee cross talk as a qualitative indicator of knee axis alignment. Our study showed that cumulative effects of marker misplacement and STA affect the transverse plane angles, making challenging to track internal/external rotation with less than 5° of errors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Leboeuf
- Motion analysis service, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Teaching Hopital of Nantes, France; School of Health & Society, The University of Salford, UK; Nantes Université, Movement - Interactions - Performance, MIP, UR 4334, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - A Barre
- Moveck Solution Inc, Québec, Canada
| | - K Aminian
- Laboratory for Movement Analysis and Measurement, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Sangeux
- University Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Phillips T, Brierty A, Goodchild D, Patritti BL, Murphy A, Boocock M, Dwan L, Passmore E, McGrath M, Edwards J. Australia and New Zealand Clinical Motion Analysis Group (ANZ-CMAG) clinical practice recommendations. Gait Posture 2023; 106:1-10. [PMID: 37607445 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Clinical motion analysis involves quantitative measurement of gait patterns to identify gait anomalies that currently or have the potential to impact function, activities of daily living and participation. Clinical motion analysis services are equipped with motion capture technology and comprise specialised staff who deliver 3-dimensional motion analysis services to children and adults who present with varying levels of gait impairment. Data is then used to inform intervention recommendations to clinicians with a view to maintaining independent, functional and pain free walking (or appropriate mobility). The ANZ-CMAG (established in 2013) identified a need to establish recommendations to assist in standardising practice guidelines for both current and new clinical motion analysis services within the region. The group serves to promote collaboration between services in quality assurance processes, clinical practices, data sets and research activities. The clinical practice recommendations described in this paper cover: i) requirements for a motion analysis service (including staffing, facilities and equipment), ii) patient assessments (requirements, clinical information and data gathered, reporting and interpretation of patient data), iii) quality assurance processes (including motion capture system / biomechanical models & limitations, marker placement, data storage / record keeping, creation of normative dataset); iv) helpful resources. Better outcomes for children and adults with gait deviations is dependent upon accurate measurement and evaluation of walking and requires input from multidisciplinary clinical teams with specialist knowledge and skills. The ANZ-CMAG hopes these clinical practice recommendations are beneficial to motion analysis services with an aim to improve clinical practices, patient outcomes, and support research collaboration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Phillips
- Queensland Children's Motion Analysis Service, Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, South Brisbane, 4101, Australia.
| | - Alexis Brierty
- Queensland Children's Motion Analysis Service, Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, South Brisbane, 4101, Australia
| | - Denni Goodchild
- Queensland Children's Motion Analysis Service, Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, South Brisbane, 4101, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Patritti
- South Australian Movement Analysis Centre, Division of Rehabilitation, Aged and Palliative Care, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, 5042, Australia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, 5042, Australia
| | - Anna Murphy
- Clinical Gait Analysis Service, Monash Health, Victoria, 3192, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Mark Boocock
- Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Northcote, 0627, New Zealand
| | - Leanne Dwan
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, 2145, Australia; School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Elyse Passmore
- Royal Children's Hospital, Gait Analysis Laboratory, Parkville, 3052, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Developmental Imaging, Parkville, 3052, Australia; University of Melbourne, Engineering and Information Technology, Parkville, 3052, Australia; University of Melbourne, Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - Michelle McGrath
- Queensland Motion Analysis Centre, Department of Physiotherapy, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, 4006, Australia
| | - Julie Edwards
- Queensland Children's Motion Analysis Service, Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, South Brisbane, 4101, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Song K, Hullfish TJ, Scattone Silva R, Silbernagel KG, Baxter JR. Markerless motion capture estimates of lower extremity kinematics and kinetics are comparable to marker-based across 8 movements. J Biomech 2023; 157:111751. [PMID: 37552921 PMCID: PMC10494994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Motion analysis is essential for assessing in-vivo human biomechanics. Marker-based motion capture is the standard to analyze human motion, but the inherent inaccuracy and practical challenges limit its utility in large-scale and real-world applications. Markerless motion capture has shown promise to overcome these practical barriers. However, its fidelity in quantifying joint kinematics and kinetics has not been verified across multiple common human movements. In this study, we concurrently captured marker-based and markerless motion data on 10 healthy study participants performing 8 daily living and exercise movements. We calculated the correlation (Rxy) and root-mean-square difference (RMSD) between markerless and marker-based estimates of ankle dorsi-plantarflexion, knee flexion, and three-dimensional hip kinematics (angles) and kinetics (moments) during each movement. Estimates from markerless motion capture matched closely with marker-based in ankle and knee joint angles (Rxy ≥ 0.877, RMSD ≤ 5.9°) and moments (Rxy ≥ 0.934, RMSD ≤ 2.66 % height × weight). High outcome comparability means the practical benefits of markerless motion capture can simplify experiments and facilitate large-scale analyses. Hip angles and moments demonstrated more differences between the two systems (RMSD: 6.7-15.9° and up to 7.15 % height × weight), especially during rapid movements such as running. Markerless motion capture appears to improve the accuracy of hip-related measures, yet more research is needed for validation. We encourage the biomechanics community to continue verifying, validating, and establishing best practices for markerless motion capture, which holds exciting potential to advance collaborative biomechanical research and expand real-world assessments needed for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Todd J Hullfish
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rodrigo Scattone Silva
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, Brazil
| | | | - Josh R Baxter
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee R, Akhundov R, James C, Edwards S, Snodgrass SJ. Variations in Concurrent Validity of Two Independent Inertial Measurement Units Compared to Gold Standard for Upper Body Posture during Computerised Device Use. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6761. [PMID: 37571544 PMCID: PMC10422555 DOI: 10.3390/s23156761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Inertial measurement units (IMUs) may provide an objective method for measuring posture during computer use, but research is needed to validate IMUs' accuracy. We examine the concurrent validity of two different IMU systems in measuring three-dimensional (3D) upper body posture relative to a motion capture system (Mocap) as a potential device to assess postures outside a laboratory environment. We used 3D Mocap and two IMU systems (Wi-Fi and Bluetooth) to capture the upper body posture of twenty-six individuals during three physical computer working conditions (monitor correct, monitor raised, and laptop). Coefficient of determination (R2) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) compared IMUs to Mocap. Head/neck segment [HN], upper trunk segment [UTS], and joint angle [HN-UTS] were the primary variables. Wi-Fi IMUs demonstrated high validity for HN and UTS (sagittal plane) and HN-UTS (frontal plane) for all conditions, and for HN rotation movements (both for the monitor correct and monitor raised conditions), others moderate to poor. Bluetooth IMUs for HN, and UTS (sagittal plane) for the monitor correct, laptop, and monitor raised conditions were moderate. Frontal plane movements except UTS (monitor correct and laptop) and all rotation had poor validity. Both IMU systems were affected by gyroscopic drift with sporadic data loss in Bluetooth IMUs. Wi-Fi IMUs had more acceptable accuracy when measuring upper body posture during computer use compared to Mocap, except for trunk rotations. Variation in IMU systems' performance suggests validation in the task-specific movement(s) is essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Lee
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Riad Akhundov
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Griffith Centre for Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Carole James
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Discipline of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Suzi Edwards
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Discipline of Exercise & Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine & Health, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Suzanne J. Snodgrass
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pomarat Z, Guitteny S, Dumas R, Muller A. Kinetics influence of multibody kinematics optimisation for soft tissue artefact compensation. J Biomech 2023; 150:111514. [PMID: 36867951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Soft tissue artefact (STA) remains a major source of error in human movement analysis. The multibody kinematics optimisation (MKO) approach is widely stated as a solution to reduce the effects of STA. This study aimed at assessing the influence of the MKO STA-compensation on the errors of estimation of the knee intersegment moments. Experimental data were issued from the CAMS-Knee dataset where six participants with instrumented total knee arthroplasty performed five activities of daily living: gait, downhill walking, stair descent, squat, and sit-to-stand. Kinematics was measured both on the basis of skin markers and a mobile mono-plane fluoroscope, used to obtain the STA-free bone movement. For four different lower limb models and one corresponding to a single-body kinematics optimization (SKO), knee intersegmental moments (estimated using model-derived kinematics and ground reaction force) were compared with an estimate based on the fluoroscope. Considering all participants and activities, mean root mean square differences were the largest along the adduction/abduction axis: of 3.22Nm with a SKO approach, 3.49Nm with the three-DoF knee model, and 7.66Nm, 8.52Nm, and 8.54Nm with the one-DoF knee models. Results showed that adding joint kinematics constraints can increase the estimation errors of the intersegmental moment. These errors came directly from the errors in the estimation of the position of the knee joint centre induced by the constraints. When using a MKO approach, we recommend to analyse carefully joint centre position estimates that do not remain close to the one obtained with a SKO approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoé Pomarat
- Univ Lyon, Univ Gustave Eiffel, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LBMC UMR_T 9406, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - Sacha Guitteny
- Univ Lyon, Univ Gustave Eiffel, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LBMC UMR_T 9406, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - Raphaël Dumas
- Univ Lyon, Univ Gustave Eiffel, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LBMC UMR_T 9406, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - Antoine Muller
- Univ Lyon, Univ Gustave Eiffel, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LBMC UMR_T 9406, F-69622 Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang W, Li X, Zhang T, Li J, Viellehner J, Komnik I, Wang S, Potthast W. Effects of soft tissue artifacts on the calculated kinematics of the knee during walking and running. J Biomech 2023; 150:111474. [PMID: 36871431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Kinematics of the knee during gait has mostly been studied using optical motion capture systems (MCS). The presence of soft tissue artifacts (STA) between the skin markers and the underlying bone presents a major impediment to obtaining a reliable joint kinematics assessment. In this study, we determined the effects of STA on the calculation of knee joint kinematics during walking and running, through the combination of high-speed dual fluoroscopic imaging system (DFIS) and magnetic resonance imaging technique. Ten adults walked and ran while data was collected simultaneously from MCS and high-speed DFIS. The study showed that measured STA underestimated knee flexion angle, but overestimated knee external and varus rotation. The absolute error values of the skin markers derived from knee flexion-extension angle, internal-external rotation, and varus-valgus rotation during walking were -3.2 ± 4.3 deg, 4.6 ± 3.1 deg, and 4.5 ± 3.2 deg respectively, and during running were -5.8 ± 5.4 deg, 6.6 ± 3.7 deg, and 4.8 ± 2.5 deg respectively. Average errors relative to the DFIS for flexion-extension angle, internal-external rotation, and varus-valgus rotation were 78 %, 271 %, 265 % during walking respectively, and were 43 %, 106 %, 200 % during running respectively. This study offers reference for the kinematic differences between MCS and high-speed DFIS, and will contribute to optimizing methods for analyzing knee kinematics during walking and running.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Wang
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopedics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne 50933, Germany; Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiangming Li
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Tianwei Zhang
- The First Physical Institute, University of Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Jixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Josef Viellehner
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopedics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne 50933, Germany
| | - Igor Komnik
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopedics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne 50933, Germany
| | - Shaobai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Wolfgang Potthast
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopedics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne 50933, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Song K, Hullfish TJ, Silva RS, Silbernagel KG, Baxter JR. Markerless motion capture estimates of lower extremity kinematics and kinetics are comparable to marker-based across 8 movements. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.21.526496. [PMID: 36865211 PMCID: PMC9980110 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.21.526496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Motion analysis is essential for assessing in-vivo human biomechanics. Marker-based motion capture is the standard to analyze human motion, but the inherent inaccuracy and practical challenges limit its utility in large-scale and real-world applications. Markerless motion capture has shown promise to overcome these practical barriers. However, its fidelity in quantifying joint kinematics and kinetics has not been verified across multiple common human movements. In this study, we concurrently captured marker-based and markerless motion data on 10 healthy subjects performing 8 daily living and exercise movements. We calculated the correlation (R xy ) and root-mean-square difference (RMSD) between markerless and marker-based estimates of ankle dorsi-plantarflexion, knee flexion, and three-dimensional hip kinematics (angles) and kinetics (moments) during each movement. Estimates from markerless motion capture matched closely with marker-based in ankle and knee joint angles (R xy ≥ 0.877, RMSD ≤ 5.9°) and moments (R xy ≥ 0.934, RMSD ≤ 2.66 % height × weight). High outcome comparability means the practical benefits of markerless motion capture can simplify experiments and facilitate large-scale analyses. Hip angles and moments demonstrated more differences between the two systems (RMSD: 6.7° - 15.9° and up to 7.15 % height × weight), especially during rapid movements such as running. Markerless motion capture appears to improve the accuracy of hip-related measures, yet more research is needed for validation. We encourage the biomechanics community to continue verifying, validating, and establishing best practices for markerless motion capture, which holds exciting potential to advance collaborative biomechanical research and expand real-world assessments needed for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Todd J. Hullfish
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rodrigo Scattone Silva
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, Brazil
| | | | - Josh R. Baxter
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Byrapogu VK, Gale T, Hamlin B, Urish KL, Anderst W. Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Restores Native Knee Kinematics During Activities of Daily Living: A Pilot Study. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:308-317. [PMID: 35852649 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-03021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The ability of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) to restore native knee kinematics during activities of daily living remains unclear. The objectives of this prospective study were to identify changes in knee kinematics after medial UKA (mUKA) and to determine if mUKA restores native knee kinematics during activities of daily living. We hypothesized that kinematics are different between the mUKA knee and contralateral knee before surgery, that mUKA restores native knee kinematics, and that mUKA does not affect lateral compartment dynamic joint space. Nine participants performed walking, chair rise, stair ascent and stair descent within a biplane radiography system before and after mUKA. Bilateral knee kinematics were determined for each activity using a validated tracking process that matched subject-specific bones and implants to the biplane radiographs. Compared to contralateral knee, the pre-UKA knee was more adducted (p ≤ 0.019), and more laterally translated (p ≤ 0.008) during all four activities. Additionally, compared to contralateral knee, pre-UKA knee was less internally rotated (p ≤ 0.044) during chair rise and stair ascent. Lateral compartment dynamic joint space did not change during any activity from pre to post mUKA. Our results indicate that mUKA generally restores native kinematics during activities of daily living without altering lateral compartment dynamic joint space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venkata K Byrapogu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Biodynamics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, 3820 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA
| | - Tom Gale
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Biodynamics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, 3820 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA
| | - Brian Hamlin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Biodynamics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, 3820 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA.,The Bone & Joint Center, Magee-Womens Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth L Urish
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Biodynamics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, 3820 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA.,The Bone & Joint Center, Magee-Womens Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Arthritis and Arthroplasty Design Group, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William Anderst
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Biodynamics Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, 3820 South Water Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Foody JN, Bradley PX, Spritzer CE, Wittstein JR, DeFrate LE, Englander ZA. Elevated In Vivo ACL Strain Is Associated With a Straight Knee in Both the Sagittal and the Coronal Planes. Am J Sports Med 2023; 51:422-428. [PMID: 36625427 DOI: 10.1177/03635465221141876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries typically occur during deceleration movements such as landing or cutting. However, conflicting data have left the kinematic mechanisms leading to these injuries unclear. Quantifying the influence of sagittal and coronal plane knee kinematics on in vivo ACL strain may help to elucidate noncontact ACL injury mechanisms. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS The purpose of this study was to measure in vivo sagittal and coronal plane knee kinematics and ACL strain during a single-leg jump. We hypothesized that ACL strain would be modulated primarily by motion in the sagittal plane and that limited coronal plane motion would be measured during this activity. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive laboratory study. METHODS Seventeen healthy participants (8 male/9 female) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) followed by high-speed biplanar radiography, obtained as participants performed a single-leg jump. Three-dimensional models of the femur, tibia, and associated ACL attachment site footprints were created from the MRIs and registered to the radiographs to reproduce the position of the knee during the jump. ACL strain, knee flexion/extension angles, and varus/valgus angles were measured throughout the jump. Spearman rank correlations were used to assess relationships between mean ACL strain and kinematic variables. RESULTS Mean ACL strain increased with decreasing knee flexion angle (ρ = -0.3; P = .002), and local maxima in ACL strain occurred with the knee in a straight position in both the sagittal and the coronal planes. In addition, limited coronal plane motion (varus/valgus angle) was measured during this activity (mean ± SD, -0.5°± 0.3°). Furthermore, we did not detect a statistically significant relationship between ACL strain and varus/valgus angle (ρ = -0.01; P = .9). CONCLUSION ACL strain was maximized when the knee was in a straight position in both the sagittal and coronal planes. Participants remained in <1° of varus/valgus position on average throughout the jump. As a ligament under elevated strain is more vulnerable to injury, landing on a straight knee may be an important risk factor for ACL rupture. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These data may improve understanding of risk factors for noncontact ACL injury, which may be useful in designing ACL injury prevention programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline N Foody
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Patrick X Bradley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Jocelyn R Wittstein
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Louis E DeFrate
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zoë A Englander
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
The contribution of multibody optimization when using inertial measurement units to compute lower-body kinematics. Med Eng Phys 2023; 111:103927. [PMID: 36792234 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2022.103927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Kinematics obtained using Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) still present significant differences when compared to those obtained using optoelectronic systems. Multibody Optimization (MBO) might diminish these differences by reducing soft-tissue artefacts - probably emphasized when using IMUs - as established for optoelectronic-based kinematics. To test this hypothesis, 15 subjects were equipped with 7 IMUs and 38 reflective markers tracked by 18 optoelectronic cameras. The subjects walked, ran, cycled on an ergocycle, and performed a task which induced joint movements in the transverse and frontal planes. In addition to lower-body kinematics computed using the optoelectronical system data, three IMU-based kinematics were computed: from IMU orientations without MBO; from MBO performed using the OpenSense add-on of the OpenSim software (OpenSim 4.2, Stanford, USA); as outputs from the commercialised MVN MBO (Xsens, Netherlands). Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE), coefficients of correlations, and differences in range of motion were calculated between the three IMU-based methods and the reference kinematics. MVN MBO seems to present a slight advantage over Direct kinematics or OpenSense MBO, since it presents 34 times out of 48 (12 degrees of freedom * 4 sports activities) a mean RMSE inferior to the Direct and OpenSense kinematics. However, it was not always significant and the differences rarely exceeded 2°. This study does not therefore conclude on a significant contribution of MBO in improving lower-body kinematics obtained using IMUs. This lack of results can partly be explained by the weakness of both the kinematic constraints applied to the kinematic chain and segment stiffening. Personalization of the kinematic chain, the use of more than one IMU by segment in order to provide information redundancy, or the use of other approaches based on the Kalman Filter might increase this MBO impact.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ortigas Vásquez A, Maas A, List R, Schütz P, Taylor WR, Grupp TM. A Framework for Analytical Validation of Inertial-Sensor-Based Knee Kinematics Using a Six-Degrees-of-Freedom Joint Simulator. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 23:348. [PMID: 36616945 PMCID: PMC9824828 DOI: 10.3390/s23010348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The success of kinematic analysis that relies on inertial measurement units (IMUs) heavily depends on the performance of the underlying algorithms. Quantifying the level of uncertainty associated with the models and approximations implemented within these algorithms, without the complication of soft-tissue artefact, is therefore critical. To this end, this study aimed to assess the rotational errors associated with controlled movements. Here, data of six total knee arthroplasty patients from a previously published fluoroscopy study were used to simulate realistic kinematics of daily activities using IMUs mounted to a six-degrees-of-freedom joint simulator. A model-based method involving extended Kalman filtering to derive rotational kinematics from inertial measurements was tested and compared against the ground truth simulator values. The algorithm demonstrated excellent accuracy (root-mean-square error ≤0.9°, maximum absolute error ≤3.2°) in estimating three-dimensional rotational knee kinematics during level walking. Although maximum absolute errors linked to stair descent and sit-to-stand-to-sit rose to 5.2° and 10.8°, respectively, root-mean-square errors peaked at 1.9° and 7.5°. This study hereby describes an accurate framework for evaluating the suitability of the underlying kinematic models and assumptions of an IMU-based motion analysis system, facilitating the future validation of analogous tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Ortigas Vásquez
- Research and Development, Aesculap AG, 78532 Tuttlingen, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), Campus Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Allan Maas
- Research and Development, Aesculap AG, 78532 Tuttlingen, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), Campus Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Renate List
- Human Performance Lab., Schulthess Clinic, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Schütz
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - William R. Taylor
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M. Grupp
- Research and Development, Aesculap AG, 78532 Tuttlingen, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), Campus Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Effect of the soft tissue artifact on marker measurements and on the calculation of the helical axis of the knee during a squat movement: A study on the CAMS-Knee dataset. Med Eng Phys 2022; 110:103915. [PMID: 36564140 PMCID: PMC9771824 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2022.103915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marker-based motion capture recordings of human body segments are often affected by soft tissue artifact (STA). The undesired and uncontrolled motion of the skin may introduce errors in the estimation of motion and position of body segments and, consequently, in the calculation of the relative functional quantities. METHODS This study exploited a recently published dataset consisting of six adult subjects that underwent a total knee arthroplasty. The subject performed squat tasks while the motion was concurrently recorded by passive markers attached to the skin of the lower limbs, an optoelectronic system, and a fluoroscope. The STA of shank and thigh was decomposed in local deformation and rigid motion. Additionally, we studied how the instantaneous helical axis (IHA) calculation is affected by STA. FINDINGS The cluster most affected by STA rigid motion was the thigh. The largest estimated effects were about 7 deg. and about 20 mm. The largest effect of local deformation was about 25 mm, and it was observed on the thigh cluster. INTERPRETATION The STA made the estimation of the IHA unreliable for both position and direction. The choice of the reference configuration influenced the results of the STA analysis.
Collapse
|
17
|
Xi X, Ling Z, Wang C, Gu C, Zhan X, Yu H, Lu S, Tsai TY, Yu Y, Cheng L. Lumbar segment-dependent soft tissue artifacts of skin markers during in vivo weight-bearing forward–Backward bending. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:960063. [PMID: 36061441 PMCID: PMC9428558 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.960063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional optical motion capture (OMC) with retroreflective markers is commonly used to measure joint kinematics but was also reported with unavoidable soft tissue artifacts (STAs) when quantifying the motion of the spine. Additionally, the patterns of the STA on the lumbar spine remain unclear. This study aimed to 1) quantify the in vivo STAs of the human lower back in three-dimensional directions during weight-bearing forward–backward bending and 2) determine the effects of the STAs on the calculated flexion angles between the upper and lower lumbar spines and adjacent vertebrae by comparing the skin marker (SM)- and virtual bone marker (VM)-based measurements. Six healthy volunteers were imaged using a biplanar radiographic system, and thirteen skin markers were mounted on every volunteer’s lower back while performing weight-bearing forward–backward bending. The STAs in the anterior/posterior (AP), medial/lateral (ML), and proximal/distal (PD) directions were investigated. The flexion angles between the upper and lower lumbar segments and adjacent intervertebral segments (L2–L5) throughout the cycle were calculated. For all the participants, STAs continuously increased in the AP direction and exhibited a reciprocal trend in the PD direction. During flexion, the STA at the lower lumbar region (L4–L5: 13.5 ± 6.5 mm) was significantly higher than that at the upper lumbar (L1–L3: 4.0 ± 1.5 mm) in the PD direction (p < 0.01). During extension, the lower lumbar (L4–L5: 2.7 ± 0.7 mm) exhibited significantly less STAs than that exhibited by the upper lumbar region (L1–L3: 6.1 ± 3.3 mm) (p < 0.05). The STA at the spinous process was significantly lower than that on both sides in the AP direction (p < 0.05). The present results on STAs, based on dual fluoroscopic measurements in healthy adult subjects, presented an anatomical direction, marker location, and anatomic segment dependency, which might help describe and quantify STAs for the lumbar spine kinematics and thus help develop location- and direction-specific weighting factors for use in global optimization algorithms aimed at minimizing the effects of STAs on the calculation of lumbar joint kinematics in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xi
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Department of Spine Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Ling
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunya Gu
- Department of Spinal Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuqiang Zhan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Department of Spine Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haixin Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siqi Lu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Department of Spine Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tsung-Yuan Tsai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- TAOiMAGE Medical Technologies Corporation, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Tsung-Yuan Tsai, ; Yan Yu,
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Department of Spine Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Tsung-Yuan Tsai, ; Yan Yu,
| | - Liming Cheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Department of Spine Surgery, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Munsch MA, LaBaze D, Pitcairn S, Piva SR, Anderst WJ. Differences between men and women in coupled subtalar and tibiofemoral joint kinematics during gait revealed through dynamic biplane radiography. J Biomech 2022; 141:111222. [PMID: 35878456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that subtalar and tibiofemoral kinematics are coupled, such that abnormal subtalar inversion during the impact and push-off portions of stance may affect tibial rotation, leading to abnormal compensatory knee motion. This study aimed to characterize tibiofemoral and subtalar coupled motion and to determine if sex-dependent differences exist in lower extremity coupled motion. Twenty young adults were imaged at 100 frames/s using dynamic biplane radiography while walking. Lower extremity CT scans were obtained and segmented into subject-specific 3D bone models. Digitally reconstructed radiographs generated from the models were matched to the biplane radiographs via a validated tracking process to obtain tibiofemoral and subtalar joint kinematics. Subtalar inversion/eversion was strongly associated with tibiofemoral internal/external rotation and tibiofemoral ab/adduction during impact and push-off (P < 0.001). Men reached neutral subtalar and tibiofemoral orientation at midstance, while women remained more inverted at the subtalar joint and more externally rotated at the tibiofemoral joint. The rate of tibiofemoral ab/adduction to subtalar eversion differed between sexes during push-off (P = 0.005). Women underwent subtalar inversion, as well as tibiofemoral internal rotation and adduction during push-off, while men underwent only subtalar inversion and tibiofemoral internal rotation, with effectively no tibiofemoral adduction. These results provide the first quantitative evidence characterizing subtalar and tibiofemoral coupled motion. Differences in coupled motion trajectories between men and women may be associated with the higher incidence of knee-related pathology in women. These novel findings may serve as a standard for comparison when evaluating patients with patellofemoral pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Munsch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Dukens LaBaze
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Samuel Pitcairn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sara R Piva
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - William J Anderst
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Can Anthropometry be Used to Dictate Participant-Specific Thigh Marker Placements Which Minimize Error in Hip Joint Center Estimation? J Appl Biomech 2022; 38:246-254. [PMID: 35894911 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2022-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Specific participant characteristics may be leveraged to dictate marker placements which reduce soft tissue artifact; however, a better understanding of the relationships between participant characteristics and soft tissue artifact are first required. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy in which measures of whole-body and thigh anthropometry could predict mislocation error of the hip joint center, tracked using skin-mounted marker clusters. Fifty participants completed squatting and kneeling, while pelvis and lower limb motion were recorded. The effect of soft tissue artifact was estimated from 6 rigid thigh marker clusters by evaluating their ability to track the position of the hip joint center most like the pelvis cluster. Eighteen backward stepwise linear regressions were performed using 10 anthropometric measures as independent variables and the mean of the peak difference between the thigh and pelvis cluster-tracked hip joint centers. Fourteen models significantly predicted error with low to moderate fit (R = .38-.67), explaining 14% to 45% of variation. Partial correlations indicated that soft tissue artifact may increase with soft tissue volume and be altered by local soft tissue composition. However, it is not recommended that marker placement be adjusted based on anthropometry alone.
Collapse
|
20
|
Kondo T, Yagi Y, Saito H, Kanazawa T, Saito Y. [Evaluation of a Bone Coordinate System Constructed Using MR Image Composing]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2022; 78:593-598. [PMID: 35466119 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2022-1232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the accuracy of a bone coordinate system constructed using MR image composing. METHOD A femoral coordinate system constructed using image composing of MR images of a whole bovine femur was evaluated using CT images. The MR images were acquired by moving the table and were processed with 3D distortion correction and composing. To evaluate the reproducibility of the measurements, the same operator repeated the construction of the femoral coordinate system. In addition, distortions in the MR images were evaluated in comparison with those in the CT images. RESULT The center position of the femoral coordinate system constructed using the MR image composing was 1.6±0.9 mm on the X-axis, 1.5±0.8 mm on the Y-axis, and 0.2±0.3 mm on the Z-axis, and the rotation of each axis was 1° or less. The distortion of the composed MR image was about 0.3%. CONCLUSION The femoral coordinate system constructed using MR image composing had the same accuracy as a system constructed with CT images. The effect of MR image composing on the construction of the femoral coordinate system was small.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kondo
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University
| | - Yuta Yagi
- Division of Radiology, Niigata University Medical & Dental Hospital
| | - Hiroaki Saito
- Division of Radiology, Niigata University Medical & Dental Hospital
| | - Tsutomu Kanazawa
- Division of Radiology, Niigata University Medical & Dental Hospital
| | - Yutaro Saito
- Clinical Radiology Service, Tochigi Medical Center Shimotsuga
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Riazati S, McGuirk TE, Perry ES, Sihanath WB, Patten C. Absolute Reliability of Gait Parameters Acquired With Markerless Motion Capture in Living Domains. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:867474. [PMID: 35782037 PMCID: PMC9245068 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.867474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To examine the between-day absolute reliability of gait parameters acquired with Theia3D markerless motion capture for use in biomechanical and clinical settings. Methods: Twenty-one (7 M,14 F) participants aged between 18 and 73 years were recruited in community locations to perform two walking tasks: self-selected and fastest-comfortable walking speed. Participants walked along a designated walkway on two separate days.Joint angle kinematics for the hip, knee, and ankle, for all planes of motion, and spatiotemporal parameters were extracted to determine absolute reliability between-days. For kinematics, absolute reliability was examined using: full curve analysis [root mean square difference (RMSD)] and discrete point analysis at defined gait events using standard error of measurement (SEM). The absolute reliability of spatiotemporal parameters was also examined using SEM and SEM%. Results: Markerless motion capture produced low measurement error for kinematic full curve analysis with RMSDs ranging between 0.96° and 3.71° across all joints and planes for both walking tasks. Similarly, discrete point analysis within the gait cycle produced SEM values ranging between 0.91° and 3.25° for both sagittal and frontal plane angles of the hip, knee, and ankle. The highest measurement errors were observed in the transverse plane, with SEM >5° for ankle and knee range of motion. For the majority of spatiotemporal parameters, markerless motion capture produced low SEM values and SEM% below 10%. Conclusion: Markerless motion capture using Theia3D offers reliable gait analysis suitable for biomechanical and clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherveen Riazati
- Biomechanics, Rehabilitation, and Integrative Neuroscience Lab, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- UC Davis Healthy Aging in a Digital World Initiative, a UC Davis “Big Idea”, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Theresa E. McGuirk
- Biomechanics, Rehabilitation, and Integrative Neuroscience Lab, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- UC Davis Healthy Aging in a Digital World Initiative, a UC Davis “Big Idea”, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Center for Neuroengineering and Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA, United States
| | - Elliott S. Perry
- Biomechanics, Rehabilitation, and Integrative Neuroscience Lab, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- UC Davis Healthy Aging in a Digital World Initiative, a UC Davis “Big Idea”, Sacramento, CA, United States
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA, United States
| | - Wandasun B. Sihanath
- Biomechanics, Rehabilitation, and Integrative Neuroscience Lab, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- UC Davis Healthy Aging in a Digital World Initiative, a UC Davis “Big Idea”, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Center for Neuroengineering and Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Carolynn Patten
- Biomechanics, Rehabilitation, and Integrative Neuroscience Lab, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- UC Davis Healthy Aging in a Digital World Initiative, a UC Davis “Big Idea”, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Center for Neuroengineering and Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Baek SY, Ajdaroski M, Shahshahani PM, Beaulieu ML, Esquivel AO, Ashton-Miller JA. A Comparison of Inertial Measurement Unit and Motion Capture Measurements of Tibiofemoral Kinematics during Simulated Pivot Landings. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:4433. [PMID: 35746217 PMCID: PMC9230913 DOI: 10.3390/s22124433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Injuries are often associated with rapid body segment movements. We compared Certus motion capture and APDM inertial measurement unit (IMU) measurements of tibiofemoral angle and angular velocity changes during simulated pivot landings (i.e., ~70 ms peak) of nine cadaver knees dissected free of skin, subcutaneous fat, and muscle. Data from a total of 852 trials were compared using the Bland-Altman limits of agreement (LoAs): the Certus system was considered the gold standard measure for the angle change measurements, whereas the IMU was considered the gold standard for angular velocity changes. The results show that, although the mean peak IMU knee joint angle changes were slightly underestimated (2.1° for flexion, 0.2° for internal rotation, and 3.0° for valgus), the LoAs were large, ranging from 35.9% to 49.8%. In the case of the angular velocity changes, Certus had acceptable accuracy in the sagittal plane, with LoAs of ±54.9°/s and ±32.5°/s for the tibia and femur. For these rapid motions, we conclude that, even in the absence of soft tissues, the IMUs could not reliably measure these peak 3D knee angle changes; Certus measurements of peak tibiofemoral angular velocity changes depended on both the magnitude of the velocity and the plane of measurement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So Young Baek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (P.M.S.); (J.A.A.-M.)
| | - Mirel Ajdaroski
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA; (M.A.); (A.O.E.)
| | - Payam Mirshams Shahshahani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (P.M.S.); (J.A.A.-M.)
| | - Mélanie L. Beaulieu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Amanda O. Esquivel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA; (M.A.); (A.O.E.)
| | - James A. Ashton-Miller
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (P.M.S.); (J.A.A.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Uchida TK, Seth A. Conclusion or Illusion: Quantifying Uncertainty in Inverse Analyses From Marker-Based Motion Capture due to Errors in Marker Registration and Model Scaling. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:874725. [PMID: 35694232 PMCID: PMC9174465 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.874725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimating kinematics from optical motion capture with skin-mounted markers, referred to as an inverse kinematic (IK) calculation, is the most common experimental technique in human motion analysis. Kinematics are often used to diagnose movement disorders and plan treatment strategies. In many such applications, small differences in joint angles can be clinically significant. Kinematics are also used to estimate joint powers, muscle forces, and other quantities of interest that cannot typically be measured directly. Thus, the accuracy and reproducibility of IK calculations are critical. In this work, we isolate and quantify the uncertainty in joint angles, moments, and powers due to two sources of error during IK analyses: errors in the placement of markers on the model (marker registration) and errors in the dimensions of the model’s body segments (model scaling). We demonstrate that IK solutions are best presented as a distribution of equally probable trajectories when these sources of modeling uncertainty are considered. Notably, a substantial amount of uncertainty exists in the computed kinematics and kinetics even if low marker tracking errors are achieved. For example, considering only 2 cm of marker registration uncertainty, peak ankle plantarflexion angle varied by 15.9°, peak ankle plantarflexion moment varied by 26.6 N⋅m, and peak ankle power at push off varied by 75.9 W during healthy gait. This uncertainty can directly impact the classification of patient movements and the evaluation of training or device effectiveness, such as calculations of push-off power. We provide scripts in OpenSim so that others can reproduce our results and quantify the effect of modeling uncertainty in their own studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K. Uchida
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Thomas K. Uchida,
| | - Ajay Seth
- Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kefala V, Ali AA, Hamilton LD, Mannen EM, Shelburne KB. Effects of Weight-Bearing on Tibiofemoral, Patellofemoral, and Patellar Tendon Kinematics in Older Adults. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:820196. [PMID: 35497367 PMCID: PMC9048742 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.820196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantification of natural knee kinematics is essential for the assessment of joint function in the diagnosis of pathologies. Combined measurements of tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joint kinematics are necessary because knee pathologies, such as progression of osteoarthritis and patellar instability, are a frequent concern in both articulations. Combined measurement of tibiofemoral and patellofemoral kinematics also enables calculation of important quantities, specifically patellar tendon angle, which partly determines the loading vector at the tibiofemoral joint and patellar tendon moment arm. The goals of this research were to measure the differences in tibiofemoral and patellofemoral kinematics, patellar tendon angle (PTA), and patellar tendon moment arm (PTMA) that occur during non-weight-bearing and weight-bearing activities in older adults. METHODS High-speed stereo radiography was used to measure the kinematics of the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints in subjects as they performed seated, non-weight-bearing knee extension and two weight-bearing activities: lunge and chair rise. PTA and PTMA were extracted from the subject's patellofemoral and tibiofemoral kinematics. Kinematics and the root mean square difference (RMSD) between non-weight-bearing and weight-bearing activities were compared across subjects and activities. RESULTS Internal rotation increased with weight-bearing (mean RMSD from knee extension was 4.2 ± 2.4° for lunge and 3.6 ± 1.8° for chair rise), and anterior translation was also greater (mean RMSD from knee extension was 2.2 ± 1.2 mm for lunge and 2.3 ± 1.4 mm for chair rise). Patellar tilt and medial-lateral translation changed from non-weight-bearing to weight-bearing. Changes of the patellar tendon from non-weight-bearing to weight-bearing were significant only for PTMA. CONCLUSIONS While weight-bearing elicited changes in knee kinematics, in most degrees of freedoms, these differences were exceeded by intersubject differences. These results provide comparative kinematics for the evaluation of knee pathology and treatment in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Kefala
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Azhar A. Ali
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
- Stryker Orthopedics, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Landon D. Hamilton
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Erin M. Mannen
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States
| | - Kevin B. Shelburne
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bakke D, Besier T. Shape-model scaled gait models can neglect segment markers without consequential change to inverse kinematics results. J Biomech 2022; 137:111086. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
26
|
Wood DS, Jensen K, Crane A, Lee H, Dennis H, Gladwell J, Shurtz A, Fullwood DT, Seeley MK, Mitchell UH, Christensen WF, Bowden AE. Accurate Prediction of Knee Angles during Open-Chain Rehabilitation Exercises Using a Wearable Array of Nanocomposite Stretch Sensors. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22072499. [PMID: 35408112 PMCID: PMC9003122 DOI: 10.3390/s22072499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a knee sleeve is presented for application in physical therapy applications relating to knee rehabilitation. The device is instrumented with sixteen piezoresistive sensors to measure knee angles during exercise, and can support at-home rehabilitation methods. The development of the device is presented. Testing was performed on eighteen subjects, and knee angles were predicted using a machine learning regressor. Subject-specific and device-specific models are analyzed and presented. Subject-specific models average root mean square errors of 7.6 and 1.8 degrees for flexion/extension and internal/external rotation, respectively. Device-specific models average root mean square errors of 12.6 and 3.5 degrees for flexion/extension and internal/external rotation, respectively. The device presented in this work proved to be a repeatable, reusable, low-cost device that can adequately model the knee's flexion/extension and internal/external rotation angles for rehabilitation purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David S. Wood
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (D.S.W.); (K.J.); (A.C.); (D.T.F.)
| | - Kurt Jensen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (D.S.W.); (K.J.); (A.C.); (D.T.F.)
| | - Allison Crane
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (D.S.W.); (K.J.); (A.C.); (D.T.F.)
| | - Hyunwook Lee
- Department of Exercise Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (H.L.); (H.D.); (M.K.S.); (U.H.M.)
| | - Hayden Dennis
- Department of Exercise Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (H.L.); (H.D.); (M.K.S.); (U.H.M.)
| | - Joshua Gladwell
- Department of Statistics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (J.G.); (A.S.); (W.F.C.)
| | - Anne Shurtz
- Department of Statistics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (J.G.); (A.S.); (W.F.C.)
| | - David T. Fullwood
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (D.S.W.); (K.J.); (A.C.); (D.T.F.)
| | - Matthew K. Seeley
- Department of Exercise Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (H.L.); (H.D.); (M.K.S.); (U.H.M.)
| | - Ulrike H. Mitchell
- Department of Exercise Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (H.L.); (H.D.); (M.K.S.); (U.H.M.)
| | - William F. Christensen
- Department of Statistics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (J.G.); (A.S.); (W.F.C.)
| | - Anton E. Bowden
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (D.S.W.); (K.J.); (A.C.); (D.T.F.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lee CJ, Lee JK. Wearable IMMU-Based Relative Position Estimation between Body Segments via Time-Varying Segment-to-Joint Vectors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:2149. [PMID: 35336323 PMCID: PMC8955069 DOI: 10.3390/s22062149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In biomechanics, estimating the relative position between two body segments using inertial and magnetic measurement units (IMMUs) is important in that it enables the capture of human motion in unconstrained environments. The relative position can be estimated using the segment orientation and segment-to-joint center (S2J) vectors where the S2J vectors are predetermined as constants under the assumption of rigid body segments. However, human body segments are not rigid bodies because they are easily affected by soft tissue artifacts (STAs). Therefore, the use of the constant S2J vectors is one of the most critical factors for the inaccurate estimation of relative position. To deal with this issue, this paper proposes a method of determining time-varying S2J vectors to reflect the deformation of the S2J vectors and thus to increase the estimation accuracy, in IMMU-based relative position estimation. For the proposed method, first, reference S2J vectors for learning needed to be collected. A regression method derived a function outputting S2J vectors based on specific physical quantities that were highly correlated with the deformation of S2J vectors. Subsequently, time-varying S2J vectors were determined from the derived function. The validation results showed that, in terms of the averaged root mean squared errors of four tests performed by three subjects, the proposed method (15.08 mm) provided a higher estimation accuracy than the conventional method using constant vectors (31.32 mm). This indicates the proposed method may effectively compensate for the effects of STAs and ultimately estimate more accurate relative positions. By providing STA-compensated relative positions between segments, the proposed method applied in a wearable motion tracking system can be useful in rehabilitation or sports sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang June Lee
- Inertial Motion Capture Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea;
| | - Jung Keun Lee
- Inertial Motion Capture Lab, School of ICT, Robotics & Mechanical Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Guitteny S, Lafon Y, Bonnet V, Aissaoui R, Dumas R. Dynamic estimation of soft tissue stiffness for use in modeling socket, orthosis or exoskeleton interfaces with lower limb segments. J Biomech 2022; 134:110987. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.110987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
29
|
Ulnar Extension Coupling in Functional Wrist Kinematics During Hand Activities of Daily Living. J Hand Surg Am 2022; 47:187.e1-187.e13. [PMID: 34049729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Wrist circumduction is increasingly used as a functional motion assessment for patients. Thus, increasing our understanding of its relation to the functional motion envelope is valuable. Previous studies have shown that the wrist is preferentially extended during hand activities of daily living (ADLs), with greater ulnar than radial deviation. The purpose of this study was to characterize the functional wrist motions of 22 modern ADLs in healthy subjects. We hypothesized that the subjects would perform ADLs predominantly in ulnar extension. METHODS Ten right-handed, healthy subjects performed flexion-extension, radioulnar deviation, maximal circumduction, and 22 modern ADLs. Angular wrist positions were obtained by tracking retroreflective markers on the hand and forearm. Angular motion data were analyzed with a custom program for peak/trough angles in flexion extension and radioulnar deviation, ellipse area of circumduction data, and ellipse area of combined motion data. RESULTS The required ranges of motion for ADLs were from 46.6° ± 16.5° of flexion (stirring task) to 63.8° ± 14.2° of extension (combing) in flexion-extension and from 15.6° ± 8.9° of radial deviation (opening a jar) to 32.5° ± 8.3° of ulnar deviation (picking up smartphone) in radioulnar deviation. Ellipse area of combined motion data of the 22 ADLs were, on average, 58.2% ± 14.3% of the ellipse area of maximal circumduction. A motion data quadrantal analysis revealed that 54.9% of all ADL wrist motion occurred in ulnar extension. Among the average wrist positions for 22 ADLs, 16 were located in the ulnar extension quadrant. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed a functional wrist motion envelope that was less than 60% of wrist maximal motion capacity on average. Our results also showed that the majority of ADLs are performed in ulnar extension of the wrist. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Baseline values for healthy subjects performing 22 wrist ADLs can inform future studies assessing dysfunction, postsurgical changes, and rehabilitation progress.
Collapse
|
30
|
Nishida K, Xu C, Gale T, Anderst W, Fu F. Symmetry and sex differences in knee kinematics and ACL elongation in healthy collegiate athletes during high-impact activities revealed through dynamic biplane radiography. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:239-251. [PMID: 34387908 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine symmetry and sex differences in knee kinematics and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) elongation waveforms in healthy athletes without a history of a knee injury during fast running, drop jump, and 180° internal/external rotation hops. It was hypothesized that knee abduction angle and ACL relative elongation would be greater in women than in men during all activities. Bilateral knee kinematics and ACL relative elongation were determined in 19 collegiate athletes using dynamic biplane radiography. Sex differences in kinematics and ACL relative elongation waveforms were identified using statistical parametric mapping. Average absolute side-to-side differences (SSDA ) in kinematics and ACL relative elongation waveforms were determined for each activity. Women had up to 2.3° (all p < 0.05) less knee adduction angle and had greater ACL relative elongation (max. 4.8%-9.2%; all p < 0.01) than men during all activities, in support of the hypotheses. SSDA in kinematics were 1.4 mm and 5.5° or less in all components of translation and rotation, respectively, while SSDA in ACL relative elongation was 3.6% or less across all activities. Greater ACL relative elongation across a variety of activities may make women more susceptible to ACL injury than men. This study provides valuable reference data for identifying abnormal asymmetry in knee kinematics and ACL elongation in athletes after the ACL injury. These novel results improve our understanding of ACL elongation during demanding athletic activities and may help guide the development of sex-specific risk screening metrics, return to play assessments, and rehabilitation protocols after the ACL injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Nishida
- UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Caiqi Xu
- UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tom Gale
- Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William Anderst
- Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Freddie Fu
- UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rooks NB, Schneider MTY, Erdemir A, Halloran JP, Laz PJ, Shelburne KB, Hume DR, Imhauser CW, Zaylor W, Elmasry S, Schwartz A, Chokhandre SK, Abdollahi Nohouji N, Besier TF. A Method to Compare Heterogeneous Types of Bone and Cartilage Meshes. J Biomech Eng 2021; 143:111002. [PMID: 34041519 PMCID: PMC8299816 DOI: 10.1115/1.4051281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Accurately capturing the bone and cartilage morphology and generating a mesh remains a critical step in the workflow of computational knee joint modeling. Currently, there is no standardized method to compare meshes of different element types and nodal densities, making comparisons across research teams a significant challenge. The aim of this paper is to describe a method to quantify differences in knee joint bone and cartilages meshes, independent of bone and cartilage mesh topology. Bone mesh-to-mesh distances, subchondral bone boundaries, and cartilage thicknesses from meshes of any type of mesh are obtained using a series of steps involving registration, resampling, and radial basis function fitting after which the comparisons are performed. Subchondral bone boundaries and cartilage thicknesses are calculated and visualized in a common frame of reference for comparison. The established method is applied to models developed by five modeling teams. Our approach to obtain bone mesh-to-mesh distances decreased the divergence seen in selecting a reference mesh (i.e., comparing mesh A-to-B versus mesh B-to-A). In general, the bone morphology was similar across teams. The cartilage thicknesses for all models were calculated and the mean absolute cartilage thickness difference was presented, the articulating areas had the best agreement across teams. The teams showed disagreement on the subchondral bone boundaries. The method presented in this paper allows for objective comparisons of bone and cartilage geometry that is agnostic to mesh type and nodal density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nynke B. Rooks
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Level 6/70 Symonds Street, Auckland, Grafton 1010, New Zealand
| | - Marco T. Y. Schneider
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Level 6/70 Symonds Street, Auckland, Grafton 1010, New Zealand
| | - Ahmet Erdemir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Computational Biomodeling (CoBi) Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue (ND20), Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Jason P. Halloran
- Applied Sciences Laboratory, Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, 1455 East College Avenue, Spokane, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - Peter J. Laz
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, 2155 East Wesley Avenue, Denver, CO 80210; Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, University of Denver, 2155 East Wesley Avenue, Denver, CO 80210
| | - Kevin B. Shelburne
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, 2155 East Wesley Avenue, Denver, CO 80210; Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, University of Denver, 2155 East Wesley Avenue, Denver, CO 80210
| | - Donald R. Hume
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, 2155 East Wesley Avenue, Denver, CO 80210; Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, University of Denver, 2155 East Wesley Avenue, Denver, CO 80210
| | - Carl W. Imhauser
- Department of Biomechanics, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021
| | - William Zaylor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cleveland State University, 1960 East 24th Street, Cleveland, OH 44115; Center for Human Machine Systems, Cleveland State University, 1960 East 24th Street, Cleveland, OH 44115
| | - Shady Elmasry
- Department of Biomechanics, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021
| | - Ariel Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Computational Biomodeling (CoBi) Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue (ND20), Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Snehal K. Chokhandre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Computational Biomodeling (CoBi) Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue (ND20), Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Neda Abdollahi Nohouji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cleveland State University, 1960 East 24th Street, Cleveland, OH 44115; Center for Human Machine Systems, Cleveland State University, 1960 East 24th Street, Cleveland, OH 44115; Department of Biomedical Engineering & Computational Biomodeling (CoBi) Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue (ND20), Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Thor F. Besier
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Level 6/70 Symonds Street, Grafton, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering, University of Auckland, Level 6/70 Symonds Street, Grafton, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ancillao A, Aertbeliën E, De Schutter J. Effect of the soft tissue artifact on marker measurements and on the calculation of the helical axis of the knee during a gait cycle: A study on the CAMS-Knee data set. Hum Mov Sci 2021; 80:102866. [PMID: 34509901 PMCID: PMC8631460 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2021.102866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The soft tissue artifact (STA) is a phenomenon occurring when the motion of bones or anatomical segments is measured by means of skin markers: the biological tissues between the markers and the bone produce a relative motion bone-markers that leads to inaccuracies in the estimation of rigid body poses or kinematics. The aim of this study was to quantify the STA by exploiting a recently published gait analysis dataset. The dataset was composed of six adult subjects with a total knee arthroplasty who underwent gait analysis trials. The motion of the knee was concurrently recorded by means of (i) fluoroscopy imaging and (ii) an optoelectronic system and redundant markers attached to the thigh and shank. The STA was studied by comparing the results calculated on the marker sets with the results obtained from the fluoroscopy data. The stance and swing phases were considered separately. Rigid STA motion and local STA deformation were studied separately. In addition to previous studies, the instantaneous helical axis (IHA) of the knee was calculated and the effect of the STA on its calculation was assessed. The largest rigid-motion STA effect was observed on the thigh cluster (~10 deg. and ~ 18 mm). The shank cluster was mainly affected during the swing phase (~7 deg. and ~ 17 mm). The local STA deformation affected differently the markers. The largest effect was ~16 mm and the lowest was ~4 mm. The estimation of the IHA was not reliable when based only on markers, having an estimation error of ~17 deg. and ~ 25 mm. A high variability of results across subjects was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ancillao
- Robotics Research Group, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Flanders Make, Core Lab ROB, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Erwin Aertbeliën
- Robotics Research Group, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Flanders Make, Core Lab ROB, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris De Schutter
- Robotics Research Group, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Flanders Make, Core Lab ROB, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chia L, Andersen JT, McKay MJ, Sullivan J, Megalaa T, Pappas E. Evaluating the validity and reliability of inertial measurement units for determining knee and trunk kinematics during athletic landing and cutting movements. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2021; 60:102589. [PMID: 34418582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2021.102589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) are promising alternatives to laboratory-based motion capture methods in biomechanical assessment of athletic movements. The aim of this study was to investigate the validity of an IMU system for determining knee and trunk kinematics during landing and cutting tasks for clinical and research applications in sporting populations. Twenty-seven participants performed five cutting and landing tasks while being recorded using a gold-standard optoelectronic motion capture system and an IMU system. Intra-class coefficients, Pearson's r, root-mean-square error (RMSE), bias, and Bland-Altman limits of agreements between the motion capture and IMU systems were quantified for knee and trunk sagittal- and frontal-plane range-of-motion (ROM) and peak angles. Our results indicate that IMU validity was task-, joint-, and plane-dependent. Based on good-to-excellent (ICC) correlation, reasonable accuracy (RMSE < 5°), bias within 2°, and limits of agreements within 10°, we recommend the use of this IMU system for knee sagittal-plane ROM estimations during cutting, trunk sagittal-plane peak angle estimation during the double-leg landing task, trunk sagittal-plane ROM estimation for almost all tasks, and trunk frontal-plane peak angle estimation for the right single-leg landing task. Due to poor comparisons with the optoelectronic system, we do not recommend this IMU system for knee frontal-plane kinematic estimations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Chia
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jordan T Andersen
- Discipline of Exercise and Sports Science, Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marnee J McKay
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin Sullivan
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tomas Megalaa
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Evangelos Pappas
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Wollongong, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Buchman-Pearle JM, Acker SM. Estimating soft tissue artifact of the thigh in high knee flexion tasks using optical motion Capture: Implications for marker cluster placement. J Biomech 2021; 127:110659. [PMID: 34385050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Soft tissue artifact in motion capture is widely accepted as a significant source of error in kinematic and kinetic measurements. Non-invasive methods of estimating soft tissue artifact, those requiring only motion capture, provide a feasible method to evaluate marker placement on a segment and enable recommendations for marker configurations which can minimize soft tissue artifact. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of thigh marker cluster location on soft tissue artifact during high knee flexion (>120 deg) as unique deformation of soft tissue occurs in this range (e.g. thigh-calf contact). Motion of the pelvis and lower limbs were recorded during squatting and kneeling in fifty participants. Six rigid marker clusters were affixed to the skin on the anterior, lateral, and anterolateral aspect, at the distal and middle third of the thighs. To estimate soft tissue artifact, the functional hip joint center was reconstructed relative to the pelvis cluster and each of the six thigh clusters throughout motion. The difference in the position of these two points was input into Bland-Altman analyses and compared between the thigh clusters. Across the tasks, the total mean difference ranged from 2.81 to 8.95 cm while the lower and upper limits of agreement ranged from -0.79 to 2.54 cm and 5.04 to 17.65 cm, respectively. Using this non-invasive method, the mid-anterolateral cluster was least susceptible to soft tissue artifact and thus would be recommended, while the lateral clusters were most susceptible and should avoided in high knee flexion and similar tasks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessa M Buchman-Pearle
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Stacey M Acker
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chan PH, Stebbins J, Zavatsky AB. Efficacy of quantifying marker-cluster rigidity in a multi-segment foot model: a Monte-Carlo based global sensitivity analysis and regression model. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2021; 25:308-319. [PMID: 34289759 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2021.1954170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Marker-based clinical gait analysis and multi-segment foot models (MSFM) have been successfully used for the diagnosis and clinical management of various lower limb disorders. The accuracy and validity of the kinematics measured depend on the design of the model, as well as on the adherence to its inherent rigid body assumption. This study applies a Monte-Carlo based global sensitivity analysis to evaluate the efficacy of using 'rigid body error (σRBE)' in quantifying the rigidity of a MSFM marker-cluster. A regression model is proposed. It is concluded that σRBE is effective in quantifying rigidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsiang Chan
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julie Stebbins
- Oxford Gait Laboratory, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Amy B Zavatsky
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Test-Retest Reliability of a 6DoF Marker Set for Gait Analysis in Cerebral Palsy Children. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11146515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a complex pathology that describes a group of motor disorders with different presentations and functional levels. Three-dimensional gait analysis is widely used in the assessment of CP children to assist in clinical decision making. Thus, it is crucial to assess the repeatability of gait measurements to evaluate the progress of the rehabilitation process. The purpose of the study is to evaluate test-retest reliability of a six-degree-of-freedom (6DoF) marker set in key points of gait kinematics, kinetics, and time-distance parameters in children with CP. Methods: trials were performed on two different days within a period of 7.5 ± 1.4 day. Motion capture data was collected with 14 infrared, high-speed cameras at a frequency rate of 100 Hz, synchronized in time and space with two force plates. Intraclass correlation coefficients considering the two-way mixed model, and absolute agreement (ICC[A,k]) were calculated for anthropometric, time–distance, kinematic and kinetic parameters of both lower limbs. Results: the majority of gait parameters demonstrated a good ICC, and the lowest values were in the kinematic variables. Conclusions: this study indicates wide-ranging reliability values for lower limb joint angles and joint moments of force during gait, especially for frontal and transverse planes. Although the use of a 6DoF-CAST in CP children was shown to be a feasible method, the gait variation that can be observed between sessions in CP children seems to be related not only to the extrinsic factors but also to their different gait patterns and affected sides.
Collapse
|
37
|
A patella marker to improve hip and knee kinematics for models with functionally defined joint axes. Gait Posture 2021; 87:43-48. [PMID: 33892390 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical utility of motion capture modeling relies on the accurate tracking of segment motions. Soft tissue artefact presents a particular challenge for modeling hip rotation, knee rotation, and knee varus-valgus motions. The integration of a patella marker has been shown to significantly improve hip rotation tracking for models that utilize anatomical definitions of joint axes (e.g. anatomical models). However, these modeling improvements have not been extended to models that use functional segment motion to define joint axes (e.g. functional models). RESEARCH QUESTION How does the positioning of a patella marker influence functional model performance? METHODS A patella functional model (PFM) was created by integrating a patella marker into the functional model (FM) used at our center. Nine distinct versions of the PFM were created using a 3 × 3 grid of markers placed across the patella. Ten typically developing participants performed controlled hip rotation, controlled knee flexion-extension, and free speed walking trials to assess FM and PFM performance differences. RESULTS The top performing PFM modeled 98 ± 8 % of the reference hip rotation range of motion compared to 71 ± 9 % for the FM. This PFM had low sensitivity to knee flexion-extension motion, 5 ± 10 %. For walking kinematics, this top performing PFM reported 14 % greater hip rotation ROM during stance, 46 % less knee rotation ROM over the entire gait cycle, and 32 % less knee varus-valgus during swing compared to the FM. The differences in modeling are nearly identical to those reported between skin mounted marker and fluoroscopy-based models, indicating that utilization of the patella marker leads to improvements in tracking accuracy. SIGNIFICANCE Utilization of a precisely placed patella marker led to substantial improvements in modeled hip rotation, knee rotation, and knee varus-valgus. These improvements have the potential to positively impact those specialties that rely on motion capture modeling for clinical decision-making, such as orthopedic surgery.
Collapse
|
38
|
Arredondo-Soto M, García-Murillo MA, Vidal-Lesso A, Jesús Cervantes-Sánchez J, Moreno HA. A Novel Kinematic Model of the Tibiofemoral Joint Based on a Parallel Mechanism. J Biomech Eng 2021; 143:061004. [PMID: 33537720 DOI: 10.1115/1.4050034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a complete kinematic model of the tibiofemoral joint (TFJ) based on a RRPP + 4-SPS parallel mechanism, where R, P, and S stand for revolute, prismatic, and spherical joints, respectively. The model accounts for the contact between tibia and femur, and the four major ligaments: anterior cruciate, posterior cruciate, medial collateral, and lateral collateral, with anatomical significance in their length variations. An experimental flexion passive motion task is performed, and the kinematic model is tested to determine its capability to reproduce the workspace of the motion task. In addition, an optimization process is performed to simulate prescribed ligament length variations during the motion task. The proposed kinematic model is capable to reproduce with high accuracy an experimental three-dimensional workspace, and at the same time, to simulate prescribed ligament length variation during the spatial flexion task. Prescribed ligament length variations are achieved through an optimization process of the ligament insertion points. This model can be used to improve the multibody kinematic optimization (MKO) process during gait analysis, and also in the design of rehabilitation devices as well as trajectories to accelerate the recovery of injured ligaments. The model shows potential to predict ligament length variations during different motion tasks, and can serve as a basis to develop complex models for kinetostatic and dynamic analyses without dealing with computationally expensive models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Arredondo-Soto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Guanajuato, Salamanca, GTO 36885, Mexico
| | - Mario A García-Murillo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Guanajuato, Salamanca, GTO 36885, Mexico
| | - Agustín Vidal-Lesso
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Guanajuato, Salamanca, GTO 36885, Mexico
| | | | - Hector A Moreno
- Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Autonomous University of Coahuila U.N., Monclova, COAH 25750, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lahkar BK, Rohan PY, Assi A, Pillet H, Bonnet X, Thoreux P, Skalli W. Development and evaluation of a new methodology for Soft Tissue Artifact compensation in the lower limb. J Biomech 2021; 122:110464. [PMID: 33932915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Skin Marker (SM) based motion capture is the most widespread technique used for motion analysis. Yet, the accuracy is often hindered by Soft Tissue Artifact (STA). This is a major issue in clinical gait analysis where kinematic results are used for decision-making. It also has a considerable influence on the results of rigid body and Finite Element (FE) musculoskeletal models that rely on SM-based kinematics to estimate muscle, contact and ligament forces. Current techniques devised to compensate for STA, in particular multi-body optimization methods, often consider simplified joint models. Although joint personalization with anatomical constraints has improved kinematic estimation, these models yet don't represent a fully reliable solution to the STA problem, thus allowing us to envisage an alternative approach. In this perspective, we propose to develop a conceptual FE-based model of the lower limb for STA compensation and evaluate it for 66 healthy subjects under level walking motor task. Both hip and knee joint kinematics were analyzed, considering both rotational and translational joint motion. Results showed that STA caused underestimation of the hip joint kinematics (up to 2.2°) for all rotational DoF, and overestimation of knee joint kinematics (up to 12°) except in flexion/extension. Joint kinematics, in particular the knee joint, appeared to be sensitive to soft tissue stiffness parameters (rotational and translational mean difference up to 1.5° and 3.4 mm). Analysis of the results using alternative joint representations highlighted the versatility of the proposed modeling approach. This work paves the way for using personalized models to compensate for STA in healthy subjects and different activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhrigu K Lahkar
- Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, Paris, France.
| | - Pierre-Yves Rohan
- Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, Paris, France
| | - Ayman Assi
- Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, Paris, France; Laboratory of Biomechanics and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Helene Pillet
- Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Bonnet
- Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Thoreux
- Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, Paris, France; Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - Wafa Skalli
- Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
A new method for assessing landing kinematics in non-laboratory settings. Phys Ther Sport 2021; 49:21-30. [PMID: 33550202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 1) Determine the concurrent validity of using automated 2D video analysis relative to 3D motion capture for assessing frontal and sagittal-plane knee kinematics during landing, 2) compare the accuracy of visually estimating joint center locations (2D Manual) with computing joint center locations using anatomical markers (2D Automatic), and 3) compare landing kinematics between a controlled laboratory setting and a non-laboratory setting. DESIGN Validity/repeatability study. SETTINGS Biomechanics research laboratory and non-laboratory athletic facility. PARTICIPANTS Thirty uninjured recreational athletes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Peak knee flexion, knee flexion range of motion, peak knee frontal plane projection angle, and knee frontal plane projection angle range of motion during bilateral and unilateral landing were measured simultaneously in 3D using motion capture and in 2D using two low-cost video cameras during the first study session (biomechanics research laboratory), and in 2D only during the second study session (non-laboratory athletic facility). RESULTS There was good to excellent agreement between 3D motion capture and both 2D Manual (ICC = 0.86-0.99) and 2D Automatic (ICC = 0.89-0.99) video analysis methods. There was good to excellent agreement between data collected in a laboratory and non-laboratory setting (ICC = 0.75-0.95). CONCLUSION The methods introduced in this study are inexpensive, reliable, and feasible for use in non-laboratory settings.
Collapse
|
41
|
Camomilla V, Bonci T. A joint kinematics driven model of the pelvic soft tissue artefact. J Biomech 2020; 111:109998. [PMID: 32891015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
When skin-markers trajectories are used in human movement analysis, compensating for their relative movement with respect to the underlying bone (soft tissue artefact, STA) is essential for accurate bone-pose estimation; information about the artefact is required in the form of a mathematical model. Such model, not available for pelvic artefacts, could allow pelvic STA compensation in routine gait analysis by embedding it in skeletal kinematics estimators and developing ad-hoc optimization problems for the estimate of subject-specific model parameters. It was developed as driven by adjacent body segment kinematics. Model architecture feasibility was tested; its compensation effectiveness was assessed evaluating the error in pelvic orientation after removing the modelled artefact from the measured one. Five volunteers with a wide body mass range (BMI: 22-37) underwent MRI scans to reconstruct subject-specific pelvic digital bone models. Multiple anatomical calibrations performed in different static postures, as occurring during walking and star-arc movements, registering the bone-models with points digitized through stereophotogrammetry over pelvic bony prominences, allowed to define the relevant poses of a pelvis-embedded anatomical coordinate system. Such approach allowed to measure STAs over several pelvic anatomical landmarks, for each posture and subject. Model parameters were estimated by minimizing the least squares difference between measured and modelled STAs. The measured STAs were appropriately modelled with subject-specific calibrations, both in terms of shape (correlation coefficient: median [inter-quartile-range]: 0.72 [0.36]) and amplitude (root mean square residual: 3.0 [3.2] mm). Consequently, the overall error in pelvic orientation vector (5.1 [4.4] deg) was reduced after removing the modelled artefacts (2.5 [1.9] deg).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Camomilla
- Interuniversity Centre of Bioengineering of the Human Neuromusculoskeletal System, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Roma, Italy; Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza de Bosis 15, 00135 Roma, Italy.
| | - Tecla Bonci
- Interuniversity Centre of Bioengineering of the Human Neuromusculoskeletal System, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Roma, Italy; Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza de Bosis 15, 00135 Roma, Italy; Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sir Frederick Mappin Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, The University of Sheffield, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sir Frederick Mappin Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wearable sensor validation of sports-related movements for the lower extremity and trunk. Med Eng Phys 2020; 84:144-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
43
|
Elsais WM, Preece SJ, Jones RK, Herrington L. Could Relative Movement Between the Adductor Muscles and the Skin Invalidate Surface Electromyography Measurement? J Appl Biomech 2020; 36:319-325. [PMID: 32796135 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2019-0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The superficial hip adductor muscles are situated in close proximity to each other. Therefore, relative movement between the overlying skin and the muscle belly could lead to a shift in the position of surface electromyography (EMG) electrodes and contamination of EMG signals with activity from neighboring muscles. The aim of this study was to explore whether hip movements or isometric contraction could lead to relative movement between the overlying skin and 3 adductor muscles: adductor magnus, adductor longus, and adductor gracilis. The authors also sought to investigate isometric torque-EMG relationships for the 3 adductor muscles. Ultrasound measurement showed that EMG electrodes maintained a position which was at least 5 mm within the muscle boundary across a range of hip flexion-extension angles and across different contraction levels. The authors also observed a linear relationship between torque and EMG amplitude. This is the first study to use ultrasound to track the relative motion between skin and muscle and provides new insight into electrode positioning. The findings provide confidence that ultrasound-based positioning of EMG electrodes can be used to derive meaningful information on output from the adductor muscles and constitute a step toward recognized guidelines for surface EMG measurement of the adductors.
Collapse
|
44
|
Tibio-femoral kinematics of the healthy knee joint throughout complete cycles of gait activities. J Biomech 2020; 110:109915. [PMID: 32827791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Accurate assessment of 3D tibio-femoral kinematics is essential for understanding knee joint functionality, but also provides a basis for assessing joint pathologies and the efficacy of musculoskeletal interventions. Until now, however, the assessment of functional kinematics in healthy knees has been mostly restricted to the loaded stance phase of gait, and level walking only, but the most critical conditions for the surrounding soft tissues are known to occur during high-flexion activities. This study aimed to determine the ranges of tibio-femoral rotation and condylar translation as well as provide evidence on the location of the centre of rotation during multiple complete cycles of different gait activities. Based on radiographic images captured using moving fluoroscopy in ten healthy subjects during multiple cycles of level walking, downhill walking and stair descent, 3D femoral and tibial poses were reconstructed to provide a comprehensive description of tibio-femoral kinematics. Despite a significant increase in joint flexion, the condylar antero-posterior range of motion remained comparable across all activities, with mean translations of 6.3-8.3 mm and 7.3-9.3 mm for the medial and lateral condyles respectively. Only the swing phase of level walking and stair descent exhibited a significantly greater range of motion for the lateral over the medial compartment. Although intra-subject variability was low, considerable differences in joint kinematics were observed between subjects. The observed subject-specific movement patterns indicate that accurate assessment of individual pre-operative kinematics together with individual implant selection and/or surgical implantation decisions might be necessary before further improvement to joint replacement outcome can be achieved.
Collapse
|
45
|
Lin CC, Wang SN, Lu M, Chao TY, Lu TW, Wu CH. Description of soft tissue artifacts and related consequences on hindlimb kinematics during canine gait. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9379. [PMID: 32617192 PMCID: PMC7323716 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Soft tissue artifacts (STAs) are a source of error in marker-based gait analysis in dogs. While some studies have revealed the existence of STAs in the canine hindlimb, STAs and their influence on kinematic gait analysis remain unclear. Methods Thirteen healthy Taiwan dogs affixed with twenty skin markers on the thigh and crus were recruited. Soft tissue artifacts and their influence on the determination of segment poses and stifle angles were assessed by simultaneously measuring marker trajectories and kinematics of the underlying bones via a model-based fluoroscopic analysis method. Results Markers on the thigh showed higher STAs than those on the crus, with root-mean-square amplitudes up to 15.5 mm. None of the tested marker clusters were able to accurately reproduce the skeletal poses, in which the maximum root-mean-square deviations ranged from 3.4° to 8.1°. The use of markers resulted in overestimated stifle flexion during 40–60% of the gait cycle and underestimated stifle flexion during 80–90% of the gait cycle. Conclusions Considerable magnitudes and effects of STAs on the marker-based 3D gait analysis of dogs were demonstrated. The results indicate that the development of error-compensation techniques based on knowledge regarding STAs is warranted for more accurate gait analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chung Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Nuan Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming Lu
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yi Chao
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Wu Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ho Wu
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Vitali RV, Perkins NC. Determining anatomical frames via inertial motion capture: A survey of methods. J Biomech 2020; 106:109832. [PMID: 32517995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite the exponential growth in using inertial measurement units (IMUs) for biomechanical studies, future growth in "inertial motion capture" is stymied by a fundamental challenge - how to estimate the orientation of underlying bony anatomy using skin-mounted IMUs. This challenge is of paramount importance given the need to deduce the orientation of the bony anatomy to estimate joint angles. This paper systematically surveys a large number (N = 112) of studies from 2000 to 2018 that employ four broad categories of methods to address this challenge across a range of body segments and joints. We categorize these methods as: (1) Assumed Alignment methods, (2) Functional Alignment methods, (3) Model Based methods, and (4) Augmented Data methods. Assumed Alignment methods, which are simple and commonly used, require the researcher to visually align the IMU sense axes with the underlying anatomical axes. Functional Alignment methods, also commonly used, relax the need for visual alignment but require the subject to complete prescribed movements. Model Based methods further relax the need for prescribed movements but instead assume a model for the joint. Finally, Augmented Data methods shed all of the above assumptions, but require data from additional sensors. Significantly different estimates of the underlying anatomical axes arise both across and within these categories, and to a degree that renders it difficult, if not impossible, to compare results across studies. Consequently, a significant future need remains for creating and adopting a standard for defining anatomical axes via inertial motion capture to fully realize this technology's potential for biomechanical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel V Vitali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Noel C Perkins
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ding Z, Güdel M, Smith SHL, Ademefun RA, Bull AMJ. A Femoral Clamp to Reduce Soft Tissue Artifact: Accuracy and Reliability in Measuring Three-Dimensional Knee Kinematics During Gait. J Biomech Eng 2020; 142:044501. [PMID: 31596924 DOI: 10.1115/1.4045115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The accurate measurement of full six degrees-of-freedom (6DOFs) knee joint kinematics is prohibited by soft tissue artifact (STA), which remains the greatest source of error. The purpose of this study was to present and assess a new femoral clamp to reduce STA at the thigh. It was hypothesized that the device can preserve the natural knee joint kinematics pattern and outperform a conventional marker mounted rigid cluster during gait. Six healthy subjects were asked to walk barefoot on level ground with a cluster marker set (cluster gait) followed by a cluster-clamp-merged marker set (clamp gait) and their kinematics was measured using the cluster method in cluster gait and the cluster and clamp methods simultaneously in clamp gait. Two operators performed the gait measurement. A 6DOFs knee joint model was developed to enable comparison with the gold standard knee joint kinematics measured using a dual fluoroscopic imaging technique. One-dimensional (1D) paired t-tests were used to compare the knee joint kinematics waveforms between cluster gait and clamp gait. The accuracy was assessed in terms of the root-mean-square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination, and Bland-Altman plots. Interoperator reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The result showed that the femoral clamp did not change the walking speed and knee joint kinematics waveforms. Additionally, clamp gait reduced the rotation and translation errors in the transverse plane and improved the interoperator reliability when compared to the rigid cluster method, suggesting a more accurate and reliable measurement of knee joint kinematics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyun Ding
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Manuela Güdel
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Samuel H L Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Richard A Ademefun
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Anthony M J Bull
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Maharaj JN, Kessler S, Rainbow MJ, D'Andrea SE, Konow N, Kelly LA, Lichtwark GA. The Reliability of Foot and Ankle Bone and Joint Kinematics Measured With Biplanar Videoradiography and Manual Scientific Rotoscoping. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:106. [PMID: 32211386 PMCID: PMC7075816 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intricate motion of the small bones of the feet are critical for its diverse function. Accurately measuring the 3-dimensional (3D) motion of these bones has attracted much attention over the years and until recently, was limited to invasive techniques or quantification of functional segments using multi-segment foot models. Biplanar videoradiography and model-based scientific rotoscoping offers an exciting alternative that allows us to focus on the intricate motion of individual bones in the foot. However, scientific rotoscoping, the process of rotating and translating a 3D bone model so that it aligns with the captured x-ray images, is either semi- or completely manual and it is unknown how much human error affects tracking results. Thus, the aim of this study was to quantify the inter- and intra-operator reliability of manually rotoscoping in vivo bone motion of the tibia, talus, and calcaneus during running. Three-dimensional CT bone volumes and high-speed biplanar videoradiography images of the foot were acquired on six participants. The six-degree-of-freedom motions of the tibia, talus, and calcaneus were determined using a manual markerless registration algorithm. Two operators performed the tracking, and additionally, the first operator re-tracked all bones, to test for intra-operator effects. Mean RMS errors were 1.86 mm and 1.90° for intra-operator comparisons and 2.30 mm and 2.60° for inter-operator comparisons across all bones and planes. The moderate to strong similarity values indicate that tracking bones and joint kinematics between sessions and operators is reliable for running. These errors are likely acceptable for defining gross joint angles. However, this magnitude of error may limit the capacity to perform advanced analyses of joint interactions, particularly those that require precise (sub-millimeter) estimates of bone position and orientation. Optimizing the view and image quality of the biplanar videoradiography system as well as the automated tracking algorithms for rotoscoping bones in the foot are required to reduce these errors and the time burden associated with the manual processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayishni N Maharaj
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sarah Kessler
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael J Rainbow
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Susan E D'Andrea
- Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Department of Kinesiology, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Nicolai Konow
- Department of Biological Science, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Luke A Kelly
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Glen A Lichtwark
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Effects of the soft tissue artefact on the hip joint kinematics during unrestricted activities of daily living. J Biomech 2020; 104:109717. [PMID: 32234246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Soft tissue artefact (STA) affects the kinematics retrieved with skin marker-based motion capture, and thus influences the outcomes of biomechanical models that rely on such kinematics. In order to be compensated for, the effects of STA must be characterized across a broad sample population and for different motion activities. In this study, the error introduced by STA on the kinematics of the hip joint and of its individual components, and on the location of the hip joint center (HJC) was quantified for fifteen THA subjects during overground gait, stair descent, chair rise and putting on socks. The error due to STA was computed as the difference between the kinematics measured with motion capture and those measured simultaneously with moving fluoroscopy, a STA-free X-ray technique. The main significant effects of STA were: underestimation of the hip range of motion for all four activities, underestimation of the flexion especially during phases of the motion with higher flexion, overestimation of the internal rotation, and lateral misplacement of the HJC mostly due to the functional calibration. The thigh contributed more to the STA error than the pelvis. The STA error of the thigh appeared to be correlated with the hip flexion angles, with a varying degree of linearity depending on the activity and on the phase of the motion cycle. Future kinematic-driven STA compensation models should take into account the non-linearity of the STA error and its dependency of the phase of the motion cycle.
Collapse
|
50
|
Postolka B, List R, Thelen B, Schütz P, Taylor WR, Zheng G. Evaluation of an intensity-based algorithm for 2D/3D registration of natural knee videofluoroscopy data. Med Eng Phys 2020; 77:107-113. [PMID: 31980316 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The accurate quantification of in-vivo tibio-femoral kinematics is essential for understanding joint functionality, but determination of the 3D pose of bones from 2D single-plane fluoroscopic images remains challenging. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy, reliability and repeatability of an intensity-based 2D/3D registration algorithm. The accuracy was evaluated using fluoroscopic images of 2 radiopaque bones in 18 different poses, compared against a gold-standard fiducial calibration device. In addition, 3 natural femora and 3 natural tibiae were used to examine registration reliability and repeatability. Both manual fitting and intensity-based registration exhibited a mean absolute error of <1 mm in-plane. Overall, intensity-based registration of the femoral bone model revealed significantly higher translational and rotational errors than manual fitting, while no statistical differences (except for y-axis translation) were found for the tibial bone model. The repeatability of 108 intensity-based registrations showed mean in-plane standard deviations of 0.23-0.56 mm, but out-of-plane position repeatability was lower (mean SD: femur 7.98 mm, tibia 6.96 mm). SDs for rotations averaged 0.77-2.52°. While the algorithm registered some images extremely well, other images clearly required manual intervention. When the algorithm registered the bones repeatably, it was also accurate, suggesting an approach that includes manual intervention could become practical for efficient and accurate registration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Postolka
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Biomechanics, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Renate List
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Biomechanics, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Benedikt Thelen
- University of Berne, Institute for Surgical Technology & Biomechanics, Stauffacherstrasse 78, 3014 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Pascal Schütz
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Biomechanics, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - William R Taylor
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Biomechanics, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Guoyan Zheng
- University of Berne, Institute for Surgical Technology & Biomechanics, Stauffacherstrasse 78, 3014 Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|