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Zhao Y, Bergmann JHM. Non-Contact Infrared Thermometers and Thermal Scanners for Human Body Temperature Monitoring: A Systematic Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7439. [PMID: 37687902 PMCID: PMC10490756 DOI: 10.3390/s23177439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, non-contact infrared thermometers (NCITs) and infrared thermography (IRT) have gained prominence as convenient, non-invasive tools for human body temperature measurement. Despite their widespread adoption in a range of settings, there remain questions about their accuracy under varying conditions. This systematic review sought to critically evaluate the performance of NCITs and IRT in body temperature monitoring, synthesizing evidence from a total of 72 unique settings from 32 studies. The studies incorporated in our review ranged from climate-controlled room investigations to clinical applications. Our primary findings showed that NCITs and IRT can provide accurate and reliable body temperature measurements in specific settings and conditions. We revealed that while both NCITs and IRT displayed a consistent positive correlation with conventional, contact-based temperature measurement tools, NCITs demonstrated slightly superior accuracy over IRT. A total of 29 of 50 settings from NCIT studies and 4 of 22 settings from IRT studies achieved accuracy levels within a range of ±0.3 °C. Furthermore, we found that several factors influenced the performance of these devices. These included the measurement location, the type of sensor, the reference and tool, individual physiological attributes, and the surrounding environmental conditions. Our research underscores the critical need for further studies in this area to refine our understanding of these influential factors and to develop standardized guidelines for the use of NCITs and IRT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeroen H. M. Bergmann
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK;
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Li X, Maqbool E, Han Z. Narrowband mid-infrared thermal emitters based on the Fabry-Perot type of bound states in the continuum. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:20338-20344. [PMID: 37381430 DOI: 10.1364/oe.488846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The development of narrow-band thermal emitters operating at mid-infrared (MIR) wavelengths is vital in numerous research fields. However, the previously reported results obtained with metallic metamaterials were not successful in achieving narrow bandwidths in the MIR region, which suggests low temporal coherence of the obtained thermal emissions. In this work, we demonstrate a new design strategy to realize this target by employing the bound state in the continuum (BIC) modes of the Fabry-Perot (FP) type. When a disk array of high-index dielectric supporting Mie resonances is separated from a highly reflective substrate by a low refractive index spacer layer with appropriate thickness, the destructive interference between the disk array and its mirror with respect to the substrate leads to the formation of FP-type BIC. Quasi-BIC resonances with ultra-high Q-factor (>103) are achievable by engineering the thickness of the buffer layer. This strategy is exemplified by an efficient thermal emitter operating at a wavelength of 4.587 µm with the on-resonance emissivity of near-unity and the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) less than 5 nm even along with consideration of metal substrate dissipation. The new thermal radiation source proposed in this work offers ultra-narrow bandwidth and high temporal coherence along with the economic advantages required for practical applications, compared to those infrared sources made from III-V semiconductors.
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Liu Z, Liu Y, Xing T, Li J, Zhang L, Jiang Y, Gao F. Transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism of chronic heat stress on meat quality of broilers. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:110. [PMID: 36117193 PMCID: PMC9484139 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00759-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Chronic heat stress has a negative impact on poultry meat quality. Although this has been extensively investigated, previous studies have primarily focused on metabolic alterations and oxidative stress in the pectoralis major (PM) muscle under chronic heat stress, and not all of the underlying molecular mechanisms are completely understood.
Methods
A total of 144 male Arbor Acres broilers (28 d old) were randomly allocated into 3 treatment groups: (1) the normal control (NC) group, with broilers raised at 22 °C and fed a basal diet; (2) the heat stress (HS) group, with birds raised at 32 °C and fed a basal diet; and (3) the pair-fed (PF) group, with birds raised at 22 °C and fed the amount of feed equal to the feed consumed on the previous day by the HS group. The experiment lasted for 14 d.
Results
Chronic heat stress decreased the average daily feed intake and average daily gain, increased feed:gain ratio (P < 0.05); and increased drip loss, cooking loss, shear force, hardness, and decreased pH, redness (a*); and springiness of PM muscle (P < 0.05). Furthermore, chronic heat stress decreased muscle fiber density, increased connective tissue, and led to intracellular vacuolation. The transcriptome analyses indicated that the effect of chronic heat stress on meat quality was not only related to metabolism and oxidative stress, but also to signal transduction, immune system, transport and catabolism, cell growth and death, and muscle structure.
Conclusions
Chronic heat stress has a negative impact on the growth performance, meat quality, and the PM muscle structure of broilers. Transcriptome analysis revealed a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of the chronic heat stress-induced deterioration of broiler meat quality at the transcriptional level.
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Khanam FTZ, Chahl LA, Chahl JS, Al-Naji A, Perera AG, Wang D, Lee Y, Ogunwa TT, Teague S, Nguyen TXB, McIntyre TD, Pegoli SP, Tao Y, McGuire JL, Huynh J, Chahl J. Noncontact Sensing of Contagion. J Imaging 2021; 7:28. [PMID: 34460627 PMCID: PMC8321279 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging7020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 a pandemic. We review and reduce the clinical literature on diagnosis of COVID-19 through symptoms that might be remotely detected as of early May 2020. Vital signs associated with respiratory distress and fever, coughing, and visible infections have been reported. Fever screening by temperature monitoring is currently popular. However, improved noncontact detection is sought. Vital signs including heart rate and respiratory rate are affected by the condition. Cough, fatigue, and visible infections are also reported as common symptoms. There are non-contact methods for measuring vital signs remotely that have been shown to have acceptable accuracy, reliability, and practicality in some settings. Each has its pros and cons and may perform well in some challenges but be inadequate in others. Our review shows that visible spectrum and thermal spectrum cameras offer the best options for truly noncontact sensing of those studied to date, thermal cameras due to their potential to measure all likely symptoms on a single camera, especially temperature, and video cameras due to their availability, cost, adaptability, and compatibility. Substantial supply chain disruptions during the pandemic and the widespread nature of the problem means that cost-effectiveness and availability are important considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema-Tuz-Zohra Khanam
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (A.A.-N.); (A.G.P.); (D.W.); (Y.H.L.); (T.T.O.); (S.T.); (T.X.B.N.); (T.D.M.); (S.P.P.); (Y.T.); (J.L.M.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Loris A. Chahl
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia;
| | - Jaswant S. Chahl
- The Chahl Medical Practice, P.O. Box 2300, Dangar, NSW 2309, Australia;
| | - Ali Al-Naji
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (A.A.-N.); (A.G.P.); (D.W.); (Y.H.L.); (T.T.O.); (S.T.); (T.X.B.N.); (T.D.M.); (S.P.P.); (Y.T.); (J.L.M.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
- Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Al Doura, Baghdad 10022, Iraq
| | - Asanka G. Perera
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (A.A.-N.); (A.G.P.); (D.W.); (Y.H.L.); (T.T.O.); (S.T.); (T.X.B.N.); (T.D.M.); (S.P.P.); (Y.T.); (J.L.M.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Danyi Wang
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (A.A.-N.); (A.G.P.); (D.W.); (Y.H.L.); (T.T.O.); (S.T.); (T.X.B.N.); (T.D.M.); (S.P.P.); (Y.T.); (J.L.M.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Y.H. Lee
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (A.A.-N.); (A.G.P.); (D.W.); (Y.H.L.); (T.T.O.); (S.T.); (T.X.B.N.); (T.D.M.); (S.P.P.); (Y.T.); (J.L.M.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Titilayo T. Ogunwa
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (A.A.-N.); (A.G.P.); (D.W.); (Y.H.L.); (T.T.O.); (S.T.); (T.X.B.N.); (T.D.M.); (S.P.P.); (Y.T.); (J.L.M.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Samuel Teague
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (A.A.-N.); (A.G.P.); (D.W.); (Y.H.L.); (T.T.O.); (S.T.); (T.X.B.N.); (T.D.M.); (S.P.P.); (Y.T.); (J.L.M.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Tran Xuan Bach Nguyen
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (A.A.-N.); (A.G.P.); (D.W.); (Y.H.L.); (T.T.O.); (S.T.); (T.X.B.N.); (T.D.M.); (S.P.P.); (Y.T.); (J.L.M.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Timothy D. McIntyre
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (A.A.-N.); (A.G.P.); (D.W.); (Y.H.L.); (T.T.O.); (S.T.); (T.X.B.N.); (T.D.M.); (S.P.P.); (Y.T.); (J.L.M.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Simon P. Pegoli
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (A.A.-N.); (A.G.P.); (D.W.); (Y.H.L.); (T.T.O.); (S.T.); (T.X.B.N.); (T.D.M.); (S.P.P.); (Y.T.); (J.L.M.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Yiting Tao
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (A.A.-N.); (A.G.P.); (D.W.); (Y.H.L.); (T.T.O.); (S.T.); (T.X.B.N.); (T.D.M.); (S.P.P.); (Y.T.); (J.L.M.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
| | - John L. McGuire
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (A.A.-N.); (A.G.P.); (D.W.); (Y.H.L.); (T.T.O.); (S.T.); (T.X.B.N.); (T.D.M.); (S.P.P.); (Y.T.); (J.L.M.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Jasmine Huynh
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (A.A.-N.); (A.G.P.); (D.W.); (Y.H.L.); (T.T.O.); (S.T.); (T.X.B.N.); (T.D.M.); (S.P.P.); (Y.T.); (J.L.M.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Javaan Chahl
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (A.A.-N.); (A.G.P.); (D.W.); (Y.H.L.); (T.T.O.); (S.T.); (T.X.B.N.); (T.D.M.); (S.P.P.); (Y.T.); (J.L.M.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
- Joint and Operations Analysis Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia
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