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Lema C, Moscoso R, Yáñez C, Squella JA. Exploring novel electroanalytical approach using MWCNT nanostructures to quantify nimodipine. Talanta 2024; 269:125494. [PMID: 38043339 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
A new type of buckypaper of MWCNT with entrapped Nimodipine (NMD) drug was constructed. NMD features a nitroaromatic group that is electroreducible, and a dihydropyridine ring that can be electrooxidized. From the perspective of the nitroaromatic group's reductive capability, we have devised amperometric and voltammetric analytical strategies, including both differential pulse and linear voltammetric techniques. These methods are implemented using glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) modified with buckypaper (BP) disks composed of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), which are capable of adsorbing NMD. Furthermore, by capitalizing on the oxidative capacity of the dihydropyridine ring, we have designed strategies that involve amperometry using screen-printed electrodes (SPE) modified with BP-MWCNT mini discs within a Batch Injection Analysis Cell (BIAS) designed for SPE. The developed sensor was applied successfully to determine the drug in commercial tablets. The analytical parameters of this sensor were adequate, with a recovery value of 98.24 % and detection and quantification limits of 7.01 mgL-1 and 23.35 mgL-1, respectively using the DPV method.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lema
- Redox Processes Research Center (CiPRex) and Organic and Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Postal Code 838492, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Moscoso
- Redox Processes Research Center (CiPRex) and Organic and Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Postal Code 838492, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Yáñez
- Redox Processes Research Center (CiPRex) and Organic and Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Postal Code 838492, Santiago, Chile
| | - J A Squella
- Redox Processes Research Center (CiPRex) and Organic and Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Postal Code 838492, Santiago, Chile.
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A Design-assisted Spectrofluorometric Method Utilizing a One-pot Fluorescent Probe for the Quantitation of some Calcium Channel Blockers. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:671-683. [PMID: 36480125 PMCID: PMC9957840 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Based on their reaction with highly fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDts), a precise and reliable spectrofluorometric approach was developed for the determination of three calcium channel blockers. The studied drugs are: lercanidipine, nimodipine and nifedipine. (CQDts) were produced using a one-step hydrothermal method with ascorbic acid as the carbon source. The produced CQDts were capped by alcohol to create yellow emitters displaying a high fluorescence emission at 524 nm when excited at 325 nm. The fluorescence intensity of CQDts was noticeably quenched by each of the three calcium channel blockers. The relation between their concentrations and fluorescence quenching is linear over the concentration range of 0.5-20 µg/mL for each of the three drugs. A full factorial design was used to optimize the effect of variable factors. Therefore, under optimum experimental design conditions, the detection limits for lercanidipine, nimodipine, and nifedipine were 0.11 ± 1.09, 0.10 ± 0.25 and 0.12 ± 0.71 µg/mL, respectively. The LOQ was 0.33, 0.30, and 0.37 µg/mL respectively. The quenching of fluorescent CQDts occurred through the inner filter effect (IFE) for nimodipine, while it was mixed with dynamic quenching for lercanidipine and nifedipine. The proposed method was effectively used to determine the cited drugs in their pharmaceutical products and had an acceptable level of precision. The selectivity of the CQDts system towards the studied drugs was examined indicating no interference from interfering species.
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Abd Elhaleem SM, Shalan S, Belal F, Elsebaei F. Insights for applying N,S-doped carbon dots as a fluorescent nanoprobe for estimation of some nitro-calcium channel blockers. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220609. [PMID: 36303941 PMCID: PMC9597176 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A facile and simple one-step hydrothermal approach was adopted for fabrication of N and S co-doped carbon quantum dots probe (NSCDs) by using thiosemicarbazide as a dopant and citric acid as a precursor. The prepared NSCDs with a high quantum yield of 0.58 were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The as-obtained NSCDs could be deemed as an effective fluorescent nanosensor for the determination of some anti-hypertensive nitro-calcium channel blockers (Nitro-CCBs) including nicardipine (NIC), nifedipine (NIF) and nimodipine (NIM) whether in pure form or in their pharmaceutical formulations. Measurements of NSCD emission intensity were performed at 416 nm after being excited at 345 nm. Nitro-CCBs could induce quenching in the native fluorescence of NSCDs due to the inner filter effect and static quenching mechanism. The studied compounds were investigated within linear detection range of (10.0-100.0 µM) for NIC, (5.0-60.0 µM) for NIF and (5.0-60.0 µM) for NIM. Correlation coefficients are greater than or equal to 0.9998 and detection limits are ranged between 0.55 and 1.86 µM. The proposed method was extended to estimate the studied compounds in different pharmaceutical samples with high % recoveries ranging from (97.95 to 101.28%) and low % relative standard deviation values (less than 2%). Validation of the developed spectrofluorimetric method was done along with the International Council of Harmonization requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shymaa M. Abd Elhaleem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Sh. Shalan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - F. Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - F. Elsebaei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Anupriya J, Senthilkumar T, Chen SM. A precise electrochemical sensor based on Sm2O3/2D TiC hybrid for highly sensitive and selective detection of antihypertensive drug nimodipine. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Nimodipine has been shown to improve outcomes following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Guidelines recommend that all patients receive a fixed dose of oral nimodipine for 21 days. However, pharmacokinetic studies have suggested variability of nimodipine pharmacokinetics in subarachnoid hemorrhage and in other patient populations. The clinical relevance of such variability is unknown. Therefore, the objective of the present review is, first, to conduct a literature review and summarize nimodipine pharmacokinetic data and sources of variability in various patient groups. Second, to determine if there is any evidence reporting an association between nimodipine exposure and clinical outcomes in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. A systematic literature search was performed in MEDLINE and EMBASE. The following keywords were used: ("nimodipine" OR "nymalize" OR "nimotop") AND ("pharmacokinetic*", OR "PK"). The search results were limited to English language and human studies. A large interpatient variability in nimodipine pharmacokinetics has been reported. Patient-specific factors that had an influence on pharmacokinetic parameters are age, comorbidities, variabilities in metabolism due to genetic polymorphism and co-administered medications, as well as nimodipine administration technique. The association between nimodipine exposure and clinical outcomes remains unclear and data available are too scarce to reach a firm conclusion. Here, we present a narrative review with a systematic literature search discussing nimodipine pharmacokinetic variability in various patient populations. It is not clear if minimal or lack of systemic exposure to nimodipine denies its benefit and contributes to worsening outcomes in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Further studies are needed to determine if such an association exists.
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Wang W, Li P, Wu F, Wang Z, Zhang T. Development and optimization of a supercritical fluid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the high-throughput determination of nimodipine in beagle plasma. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:2179-2186. [PMID: 30993887 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive, and efficient supercritical fluid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was established for the determination of nimodipine in beagle plasma. One-step protein precipitation with acetone was used to extract the analytes from the plasma. Nitrendipine was used as the internal standard. The chromatographic separation was achieved on an ACQUITY UPC2 ™ BEH 2-EP column, and a gradient elution program was applied at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. The detection was carried out on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization source operating in positive ion mode. Quantification was performed using multiple reaction monitoring of the transitions of m/z 419.3→301.3 for nimodipine and m/z 361.4→315.2 for nitrendipine. A satisfactory linearity was obtained over the concentration range of 0.5-800 ng/mL (r > 0.996). The intra- and interday precision and accuracy results were <9.1% across the quality control levels. The peak concentration and area under concentration-time curve (0-720 min) values of the test and reference formulations were 279.28 ± 211.46 and 265.13 ± 149.26 ng/mL, 25608.00 ± 17553.65 and 28553.67 ± 20207.92 ng·min/mL, respectively. The validated method was successfully applied to reveal the pharmacokinetic profiles of nimodipine in beagle dogs after oral administration. Moreover, the analytical method could be used for further bioequivalence studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Pengyan Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Fengying Wu
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
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7
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Simple and validated UHPLC–MS/MS analysis of nimodipine in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1028:94-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wang C, Lu X, Li L, Zhang R, shi T, Li S. Microdialysis combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of nimodipine in the guinea pig hippocampus. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1017-1018:226-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Riekes MK, Rauber GS, Kuminek G, Tagliari MP, Cardoso SG, Stulzer HK. Determination of Nimodipine in the Presence of its Degradation Products and Overall Kinetics through a Stability-Indicating LC Method. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 51:511-6. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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10
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Niessen WMA. Fragmentation of toxicologically relevant drugs in positive-ion liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:626-663. [PMID: 21294151 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The identification of drugs and related compounds by LC-MS-MS is an important analytical challenge in several application areas, including clinical and forensic toxicology, doping control analysis, and environmental analysis. Although target-compound based analytical strategies are most frequently applied, at some point the information content of the MS-MS spectra becomes relevant. In this article, the positive-ion MS-MS spectra of a wide variety of drugs and related substances are discussed. Starting point was an MS-MS mass spectral library of toxicologically relevant compounds, available on the internet. The positive-ion MS-MS spectra of ∼570 compounds were interpreted by chemical and therapeutic class, thus involving a wide variety of drug compound classes, such benzodiazepines, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, phenothiazines, dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, diuretics, local anesthetics, vasodilators, as well as various subclasses of anti-diabetic, antidepressant, analgesic, and antihistaminic drugs. In addition, the scientific literature was searched for available MS-MS data of these compound classes and the interpretation thereof. The results of this elaborate study are presented in this article. For each individual compound class, the emphasis is on class-specific fragmentation, as discussing fragmentation of all individual compounds would take far too much space. The recognition of class-specific fragmentation may be quite informative in determining the compound class of a specific unknown, which may further help in the identification. In addition, knowledge on (class-specific) fragmentation may further help in the optimization of the selectivity in targeted analytical approaches of compounds of one particular class.
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Chai Y, Sun H, Wan J, Pan Y, Sun C. Hydride abstraction in positive-ion electrospray interface: oxidation of 1,4-dihydropyridines in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Analyst 2011; 136:4667-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15129k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nascimento DFD, Moraes MOD, Bezerra FAF, Pontes AV, Uchoa CRA, Moraes RAD, Leite IO, Santana GSDM, Santana APM, Leite ALAES, Pedrazzoli Júnior J, Moraes MEAD. Determination of nimodipine in plasma by HPLC-MS/MS and pharmacokinetic application. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502010000400008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop and validate a rapid, specific and highly sensitive method to quantify nimodipine in human plasma using dibucaine as the internal standard (IS). The analyte and IS were extracted from plasma samples by liquid-liquid extraction using hexane-ethyl acetate (1:1 v/v). The chromatographic separation was performed on a Varian® Polaris C18 analytical column (3 μm, 50 x 2.0 mm) and pre-column SecurityguardTM C18 (4.0 x 3.0 mm) with a mobile phase of Acetonitrile-Ammonium acetate 0.02 ml/L (80:20v/v). The method had a chromatographic run time of 4.5 min and linear calibration curve over the range of 0.1- 40 ng/mL (r > 0.9938). The limit of quantification was 100 pg/mL. Acceptable precision and accuracy were obtained for concentrations over the standard curve ranges. This validated method was successfully applied in determining the pharmacokinetic profile of nimodipine tablets of 30 mg administered to 24 healthy volunteers. The proposed method of analysis provided a sensitive and specific assay for nimodipine determination in human plasma. The time for the determination of one plasma sample was 4.5 min. This method is suitable for the analysis of nimodipine in human plasma samples collected for pharmacokinetic, bioavailability or bioequivalence studies in humans.
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Barmpalexis P, Kanaze FI, Georgarakis E. Developing and optimizing a validated isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography separation of nimodipine and impurities in tablets using experimental design methodology. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 49:1192-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Revised: 02/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cardoso TM, Rodrigues PO, Stulzer HK, Segatto Silva MA, do Rosário Matos J. Physical-Chemical Characterization and Polymorphism Determination of Two Nimodipine Samples Deriving from Distinct Laboratories. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 31:631-7. [PMID: 16207610 DOI: 10.1080/03639040500216212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Knowing the characteristics of raw materials in pharmaceutical practice is both important and useful. Firstly, evaluating the physical-chemical properties of the substances that will be used must be the primary step for quality control in the pharmacy industry. This work aims at analyzing the physical-chemical characteristics of two nimodipine samples I and II derived from distinct laboratories through thermal analysis (DSC and TG/DTG), HPLC, crystallography, and microscopy. Thermal analysis showed that sample II was more unstable than I. Morphological differences concerning shape, size, and crystallinity of particles were visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction. To sum up, the techniques used in this study can be said to have been efficient in the characterization and evaluation of quality control of the raw material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teófilo Mazon Cardoso
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Dan‐bo Y, Jia‐bi Z, Rui‐qin L, Zhi‐qiang H, Jin‐qiu S. Liquid Chromatographic Method for Determination of Free and Niosome‐Entrapped Nimodipine in Mouse Plasma and Different Tissues. ANAL LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710801912441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Qin F, Ma Y, Wang Y, Chen L, Wang D, Li F. Determination of nimodipine in human plasma by ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and pharmacokinetic application. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 46:557-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Revised: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Zhang X, Zhai S, Zhao R, Ouyang J, Li X, Baeyens WRG. Determination of cilnidipine, a new calcium antagonist, in human plasma using high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 600:142-6. [PMID: 17903476 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2006] [Revised: 11/19/2006] [Accepted: 11/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive and reliable high performance liquid chromatographic method coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) has been developed and validated for the determination of cilnidipine, a relatively new calcium antagonist, in human plasma. The reversed-phase chromatographic system was interfaced with a TurboIonSpray (TIS) source. Nimodipine was employed as the internal standard (IS). Sample extracts following protein precipitation were injected into the HPLC-MS/MS system. The analyte and IS were eluted isocratically on a C18 column, with a mobile phase consisting of CH(3)OH and NH(4)Ac (96:4, v/v). The ions were detected by a triple quadrupole mass spectrometric detector in the negative mode. Quantification was performed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of the transitions m/z 491.2-->122.1 and m/z 417.1-->122.1 for cilnidipine and for the IS, respectively. The analysis time for each run was 3.0 min. The calibration curve fitted well over the concentration range of 0.1-10 ngmL(-1), with the regression equation Y=(0.103+/-0.002)X+(0.014+/-0.003) (n=5), r=0.9994. The intra-day and inter-day R.S.D.% were less than 12.51% at all concentration levels within the calibration range. The recoveries were between 92.71% and 97.64%. The long-term stability and freeze-thaw stability were satisfying at each level. The present method provides a modern, rapid and robust tool for pharmacokinetic studies of cilnidipine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhua Zhang
- Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University TDMCT Center, Beijing 100083, PR China
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Pastera J, Mejstríková L, Zoulová J, Macek K, Kvetina J. Simultaneous determination of nitrendipine and one of its metabolites in plasma samples by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 44:674-9. [PMID: 16920316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2006] [Revised: 06/23/2006] [Accepted: 06/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive method for GC-ECD simultaneous determination of nitrendipine and its pyridine metabolite M1 in human plasma is described. Felodipine was used as the internal standard. The plasma samples were extracted with toluene. One microlitre of the extract was injected onto the capillary column (polymethylsiloxane) and measured with electron-capture detector. The developed method showed to be linear over the range 0.25-70 for nitrendipine and 0.3-61 ng/ml for its metabolite M1 with an inter-day and intra-day precision in terms of R.S.D. lower than 8% except the concentrations near lowest limit of quantification (LLOQ) (<11% R.S.D.). The LLOQ for nitrendipine was 0.25 and 0.3 ng/ml for its metabolite, respectively. The analytical recovery was 94% for nitrendipine and 89% for its pyridine metabolite M1. This GC-ECD method was developed for being used in clinical pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pastera
- Institute of Experimental Biopharmaceutics, Joint Research Center of PRO.MED.CS Praha a.s. and Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovského 1207, CZ-500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Tian L, Jiang J, Huang Y, Xu L, Liu H, Li Y. Determination of aranidipine and its active metabolite in human plasma by liquid chromatography/negative electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2006; 20:2871-7. [PMID: 16941544 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography/negative electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the assay of aranidipine (AR) and its active metabolite (AR-M) in human plasma. Following a liquid-liquid extraction, the analytes were separated using an isocratic mobile phase on a reversed-phase column and analyzed by mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring mode using the respective [M-H]- ions, m/z 387.0 --> 164.0 for AR, m/z 389.1 --> 208.1 for AR-M and m/z 359.0 --> 121.8 for the internal standard. The assay exhibited a linear dynamic range of 0.02-10 ng x mL(-1) for AR and 0.2-100 ng x mL(-1) for AR-M in human plasma. The limits of quantitation were 0.02 ng x mL(-1) for AR and 0.2 ng x mL(-1) for AR-M. Acceptable precision and accuracy were obtained for concentrations over the standard curve range. A run time of 2.8 min for each sample exhibited its high-throughout analysis ability. The validated method can be applied to analyze human plasma samples for pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tian
- Clinical Pharmacology Center, Fu Wai Hospital, CAMS&PUMC, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing 100037, PR China
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Zhao L, Ding L, Wei X. Determination of moxonidine in human plasma by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation–mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 40:95-9. [PMID: 16011885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2005] [Revised: 05/13/2005] [Accepted: 06/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) method has been developed and validated for the identification and quantification of moxonidine in human plasma. After the addition of clonidine-HCl, the internal standard (IS) and sodium hydrogen carbonate, plasma samples were extracted using 5 mL ethyl acetate. The compounds were separated on a Lichrospher ODS (5 microm, 250 mm x 4.6 mm) column using an elution system of 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate buffer-methanol (20:80 v/v) as the mobile phase. Analytes were determined using electrospary ionization in a single quadrupole mass spectrometer. LC-ESI-MS was performed in the selected-ion monitoring (SIM) mode using target ions at m/z: 242.2 for moxonidine and m/z: 230.1 for the IS. The method has shown to be sensitive and specific by testing six different blank plasma batches. Linearity was established for the range of concentrations 0.01976-9.88 ng/mL with a coefficient of correlation (r) of 0.9999. The lower limit of quantification (LOQ) was identifiable and reproducible at 0.01976 ng/mL. The method has been successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetics of moxonidine in healthy male Chinese volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhua Zhao
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24th Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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