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Lin Q, Zheng N, An Q, Xiu Z, Li X, Zhu H, Chen C, Li Y, Wang S. Phthalate monoesters accumulation in residential indoor dust and influence factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174900. [PMID: 39047842 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Phthalate monoesters (mPAEs) possess biological activity that matches or even exceeds that of their parent compounds, phthalate esters (PAEs), negatively impacting humans. Indoor dust is the main carrier of indoor pollutants. In this study, indoor dust samples were collected from 46 households in Changchun City, Jilin Province, in May 2019, and particulate and flocculent fibrous dust was used as the research target to analyze the concentration and compositional characteristics of mPAEs, primary metabolites of five significant PAEs. The influence of factors such as architectural features and living habits in residential areas on exposure to mPAEs was explored. Ten suspected enzyme genes along with two metabolic pathways with the ability to degrade PAEs were screened using PICRUSt2. The results showed that the total concentrations of the five mPAEs in the indoor dust samples were particulate dust (11.49-78.69 μg/g) and flocculent fibrous dust (21.61-72.63 μg/g), respectively. The molar concentration ratio (RC) of mPAEs to corresponding PAEs significantly differed among chemicals, with MMP/DMP and MEP/DEP sporting the highest RC values. Different bacterial types have shown distinct influences against mPAEs and PAEs. Enzyme function and metabolic pathway abundance had a significant effect on the concentration of some mPAEs, mPAEs are most likely derived from microbial degradation of PAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Lin
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Na Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Qirui An
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhifei Xiu
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Huicheng Zhu
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Changcheng Chen
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yunyang Li
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Sujing Wang
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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Li L, Lu Y, Wang C, Cheng L. Fabrication of Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Extraction of Dibutyl Phthalates in Food Matrices. Foods 2024; 13:1397. [PMID: 38731768 PMCID: PMC11083936 DOI: 10.3390/foods13091397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel magnetic molecularly imprinted polymeric material (Fe3O4@MOF@MIP-160) with a metal-organic backbone (Fe3O4@MOF) carrier was prepared using dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as a template. The material can be used for the efficient, rapid, and selective extraction of trace amounts of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in food and can detect them via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The synthesis conditions of the materials were optimized to prepare the Fe3O4@MOF@MIP160 with the highest adsorption performance. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FT-IR), Vibration Sample Magnetic (VSM), and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method were used to characterize the materials. Compared with Fe3O4@MOF and the magnetic non-imprinted polymeric material (Fe3O4@MOF@NIP), Fe3O4@MOF@MIP-160 possesses the advantages of easy and rapid manipulation of magnetic materials, the advantages of high specific surface area and the stability of metal-organic frameworks, and the advantages of high selectivity of molecularly imprinted polymers. Fe3O4@MOF@MIP-160 has good recognition and adsorption capacity for di-butyl phthalate (DBP) and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP): the adsorption capacity for DBP and DEHP is 260 mg·g-1 and 240.2 mg·g-1, and the adsorption rate is fast (reaching equilibrium in about 20 min). Additionally, Fe3O4@MOF@MIP160 could be recycled six times, making it cost-effective, easy to operate, and time-saving as compared to traditional solid-phase extraction materials. The phthalate ester content in drinking water, fruit juice, and white wine was analyzed, with recoveries ranging from 70.3% to 100.7%. This proved that Fe3O4@MOF@MIP160 was suitable for detecting and removing PAEs from food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lei Cheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.); (C.W.)
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Labra-Vázquez P, Gressier M, Rioland G, Menu MJ. A review on solution- and vapor-responsive sensors for the detection of phthalates. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1282:341828. [PMID: 37923401 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters, largely referred to as phthalates, are today acknowledged as important pollutants used in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-based plastics, whose use extends to almost every aspect of modern life. The risk of exposure to phthalates is particularly relevant as high concentrations are regularly found in drinking water, food-contact materials and medical devices, motivating an immense body of research devoted to methods for their detection in liquid samples. Conversely, phthalate vapors have only recently been acknowledged as potentially important atmospheric pollutants and as early fire indicators; additionally, deposition of these vapors can pose significant problems to the proper functioning of spacecraft and diverse on-board devices, leading to major space agencies recognizing the need of developing vapor-responsive phthalate sensors. In this manuscript we present a literature survey on solution- and vapor-responsive sensors and analytical assays for the detection of phthalates, providing a detailed analysis of a vast array of analytical data to offer a clear idea on the analytical performance (limits of detection and quantification, linear range) and advantages provided by each class of sensor covered in this review (electrochemical, optical and vapor-responsive) in the context of their potential real-life applications; the manuscript also gives detailed fundamental information on the various physicochemical responses exploited by these sensors and assays that could potentially be harnessed by new researchers entering the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Labra-Vázquez
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, Cedex 9, France.
| | - Marie Gressier
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, Cedex 9, France
| | - Guillaume Rioland
- Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, DTN/QE/LE, 31401, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Joëlle Menu
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, Cedex 9, France.
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Sun M, Ji X, Sun M, Guo W, Feng J. Biochar nanosphere-functionalized carbon fibers for in-tube solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water followed by liquid chromatography and diode array detection. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:395. [PMID: 37715796 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05982-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the extraction ability of carbon fibers (CFs) for microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), biochar nanospheres derived from glucose were in-situ grown onto the surface of CFs via hydrothermal synthesis. The surface morphology and elemental composition of biochar nanospheres-CFs were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Thereafter, the biochar nanosphere-CFs were pulled into the polyetheretherketone tube for solid-phase microextraction, and the tube was combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector to online detect PAHs. With the help of π-stacking, hydrophobic, and hydrophilic effect of biochar nanospheres, the extraction efficiency of CFs was greatly enhanced (enrichment factor increased by 293% compared with the original). The conditions affecting the analytical performance (sampling volume, sampling rate, methanol content, and desorption time) were investigated. Under the optimal conditions, an online analytical method for microextraction and determination of several PAHs was developed, and satisfactory results were achieved. The limits of detection were 0.003-0.010 ng mL-1 owing to high enrichment effect (2973-3600), linearity ranged from 0.010-15.0 ng mL-1, and relative standard deviations were 0.4%-1.6% (intra-day) and 2.4%-4.4% (inter-day), respectively. The method was applied to analyze environmental water samples (rain water, snow water, and river water), and spiked recoveries within 80.0%-119% were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China.
| | - Xiangping Ji
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Mingxia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Juanjuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China.
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Bimetallic Cluster Cu7Zn2 Functionalized Copolymer Monolithic Column for Pipette Tip Micro-Solid Phase Extraction of Eight Phthalate Esters in Edible Oil. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-023-02450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Zhu YT, Yuan YZ, Feng QP, Hu MY, Li WJ, Wu X, Xiang SY, Yu SQ. Food emulsifier polysorbate 80 promotes the intestinal absorption of mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate by disturbing intestinal barrier. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 414:115411. [PMID: 33476678 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Di-2-ethylhexyl phosphate (DEHP) and its main toxic metabolite mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) are the typical endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and widely affect human health. Our previous research reported that synthetic nonionic dietary emulsifier polysorbate 80 (P80, E433) had the promotional effect on the oral absorption of DEHP in rats. The aim of this study was to explore its mechanism of promoting oral absorption, focusing on the mucus barrier and mucosal barrier of the small intestine. A small molecule fluorescent probe 5-aminofluorescein-MEHP (MEHP-AF) was used as a tracker of MEHP in vivo and in vitro. First of all, we verified that P80 promoted the bioavailability of MEHP-AF in the long-term and low-dose exposure of MEHP-AF with P80 as a result of increasing the intestinal absorption of MEHP-AF. Afterwards, experimental results from Western blot, qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence showed that P80 decreased the expression of proteins (mucus protein mucin-2, tight junction proteins claudin-1 and occludin) related to mucus barrier and mucosal barrier in the intestine, changed the integrity of intestinal epithelial cell, and increased the permeability of intestinal epithelial mucosa. These results indicated that P80 promoted the oral absorption of MEHP-AF by altering the intestinal mucus barrier and mucosal barrier. These findings are of great importance for assessing the safety risks of some food emulsifiers and clarifying the absorption mechanism of chemical pollutants in food, especially for EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Zhu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Zhen Yuan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Ping Feng
- College of Food Sciences and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Yuan Hu
- College of Food Sciences and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Li
- College of Food Sciences and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Yun Xiang
- College of Food Sciences and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shu-Qin Yu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China.
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Sun M, Feng J, Ji X, Li C, Han S, Sun M, Feng Y, Feng J, Sun H. Polyaniline/titanium dioxide nanorods functionalized carbon fibers for in-tube solid-phase microextraction of phthalate esters prior to high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1642:462003. [PMID: 33652369 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To improve extraction performance of carbon fibers (CFs) towards phthalate esters (PAEs), titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanorods array was in-situ grown on the surface of CFs, then polyaniline (PANI) was used to modify it. PANI/TiO2 nanorods-CFs were placed into a polyetheretherketone tube for solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Combining the tube to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), it was evaluated and displayed good extraction performance for several PAEs. Compared with bare CFs, TiO2 nanorods and PANI, PANI/TiO2 nanorods presented best performance, attributed to the unique advantages between high surface area of TiO2 nanorods and multiple adsorption interactions (like π-π stacking, hydrogen bond) of PANI. After the optimization of the important factors (sampling volume, sampling rate, sample pH, concentrations of organic solvent and salt in sample, and desorption time), the online in-tube SPME-HPLC method was established. It provided low limits of detection (0.01-0.05 μg L-1) and wide linear ranges (0.03-30, 0.10-30, 0.17-30 μg L-1) with correlation coefficients larger than 0.9991. The relative standard deviations (n=6) between intra-day and inter-day tests were in the ranges of 3.5-10.3% and 4.7-13.9%, respectively. The method was successfully used to determine seven PAEs in real water samples. Besides of satisfactory durability, the material also exhibited superior extraction performance than some materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Juanjuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China.
| | - Xiangping Ji
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Chunying Li
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Sen Han
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Mingxia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Yang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Jiaqing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Haili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
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Tankiewicz M, Olkowska E, Berg A, Wolska L. Advancement in Determination of Phthalate Metabolites by Gas Chromatography Eliminating Derivatization Step. Front Chem 2020; 7:928. [PMID: 32010672 PMCID: PMC6974799 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method to determine polar and thermally unstable phthalate metabolites [monomethyl phthalate-MMP, monoethyl phthalate-MEP, mono-n-butyl phthalate-MnBP, mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-MEHP] has been developed. This is the first report presenting the separation of monophthalates without derivatization step and any additional equipment or special injection port. Injection parameters (temperature, pressure, time, and volume of injection), chromatographic separation (retention gap, temperature program), and MS detection/identification (working parameters, ion selection) were investigated. Mechanisms and phenomena occurring under different conditions in the GC injector were evaluated and discussed. The limits of detection (LODs) of MMP, MEP, MnBP, MEHP in the protocol were 0.049, 0.036, 0.038, and 0.029 ng (per 2 μL of injection), respectively. The response of the monophthalates was found to be linear in the tested concentration range (for MMP: 0.15-100 ng, MEP and MnBP: 0.11-100 ng, MEHP: 0.087-100 ng per 2 μL) with the coefficient of determination higher than 0.9817 and inter-day precision in the range of 1.4-5.4%. The developed method is fast, easy and repeatable. Moreover, it allows for the elimination of derivatization agents, reduction of toxic waste production and simplification of analytical procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Tankiewicz
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences With Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Olkowska
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences With Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Berg
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences With Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lidia Wolska
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences With Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Glycerin Monostearate Aggravates Male Reproductive Toxicity Caused by Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate in Rats. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:1003-1008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-2135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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A Covalent Organic Framework-Derived Hydrophilic Magnetic Graphene Composite as a Unique Platform for Detection of Phthalate Esters from Packaged Milk Samples. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03741-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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F. Csáki K, Sebestyén É. Who will carry out the tests that would be necessary for proper safety evaluation of food emulsifiers? FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Kurbanoglu S, Karsavurdan O, Ozkan SA. Recent Advances on Drug Analyses Using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatographic Techniques and their Application to the Biological Samples. CURR ANAL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411014666180423152612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatographic (UPLC) method enables analyst
to establish an analysis at higher pressure than High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC)
method towards liquid chromatographic methods. UPLC method provides the opportunity to study a
higher pressure compared to HPLC, and therefore smaller column in terms of particle size and internal
diameter are generally used in drug analysis. The UPLC method has attracted gradually due to its advantages
such as short analysis time, the small amount of waste reagents and the significant savings in
the cost of their destruction process. In this review, the recent selected studies related to the UPLC
method and its method validation are summarized. The drug analyses and the results of the studies
which were investigated by UPLC method, with certain parameters from literature are presented.
Background:
Quantitative determination of drug active substances by High-Performance Liquid
Chromatography (HPLC) from Liquid Chromatography (LC) methods has been carried out since the
1970's with the use of standard analytical LC methods. In today's conditions, rapid and very fast even
ultra-fast, flow rates are achieved compared to conventional HPLC due to shortening analysis times,
increasing method efficiency and resolution, reducing sample volume (and hence injection volume),
reducing waste mobile phase. Using smaller particles, the speed and peak capacity are expanding to
new limit and this technology is named as Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography. In recent years,
as a general trend in liquid chromatography, ultra-performance liquid chromatography has taken the
place of HPLC methods. The time of analysis was for several minutes, now with a total analysis time
of around 1-2 minutes. The benefits of transferring HPLC to UPLC are much better understood when
considering the thousands of analyzes performed for each active substance, in order to reduce the cost
of analytical laboratories where relevant analysis of drug active substances are performed without
lowering the cost of research and development activities.
Methods:
The German Chemist Friedrich Ferdinand Runge, proposed the use of reactive impregnated
filter paper for the identification of dyestuffs in 1855 and at that time the first chromatographic method
in which a liquid mobile phase was used, was reviewed. Christian Friedrich Chönbein, who reported
that the substances were dragged at different speeds in the filter paper due to capillary effect, was
followed by the Russian botanist Mikhail S. Tswet, who planted studies on color pigment in 1906.
Tswet observes the color separations of many plant pigments, such as chlorophyll and xanthophyll
when he passes the plant pigment extract isolated from plant through the powder CaCO3 that he filled
in the glass column. This method based on color separation gives the name of "chromatographie"
chromatography by using the words "chroma" meaning "Latin" and "graphein" meaning writing.
Results and Conclusion:
Because the UPLC method can be run smoothly at higher pressures than the
HPLC method, it offers the possibility of analyzing using much smaller column sizes and column diameters.
Moreover, UPLC method has advantages, such as short analysis time, the small amount of
waste reagents and the significant savings in the cost of their destruction process. The use of the
UPLC method especially analyses in biological samples such as human plasma, brain sample, rat
plasma, etc. increasingly time-consuming due to the fact that the analysis time is very short compared
to the HPLC, because of the small amount of waste analytes and the considerable savings in their cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevinc Kurbanoglu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozer Karsavurdan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel A. Ozkan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Li J, Zhao H, Xia W, Zhou Y, Xu S, Cai Z. Nine phthalate metabolites in human urine for the comparison of health risk between population groups with different water consumptions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 649:1532-1540. [PMID: 30308921 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are a group of high production volume chemicals widely detected in environment matrix and human specimens. Potential health risks due to the prevalence of their exposure through water consumption and the endocrine-disrupting activities have become an important issue. This work aims to compare the distributions of phthalate levels and potential health risks caused by phthalate exposure among three groups of participants ingesting different types of water. Here, a method with good performance was applied for the analysis of nine common phthalate metabolites in 125 human urine samples collected from Wuhan women. Seven analytes (mono‑ethyl, mono‑benzyl, mono‑n‑butyl, mono‑(2‑ethylhexyl), mono‑(2‑ethyl‑5‑oxohexyl), mono‑(2‑ethyl‑5‑hydroxyhexyl), and mono‑(2‑ethyl‑5‑carboxypentyl) phthalate) were detected in over 80% of the samples. By measuring urinary concentrations of phthalate monoesters, the exposure levels of respective parent phthalates, exposure patterns, the estimated daily intakes and accumulative risk assessments were investigated in three groups of participants consuming water from different sources (bottled water, filtered water and boiled tap water). The results showed that the exposure patterns of phthalates varied among the population groups with different water intakes, and the health risk was higher for people ingesting the boiled tap water than that of the groups consuming bottled water (purified water) and filtered water with filter cartridge containing activated carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiufeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongzhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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Yan Y, Lu Y, Wang B, Gao Y, Zhao L, Liang H, Wu D. Self-Assembling Hydrophilic Magnetic Covalent Organic Framework Nanospheres as a Novel Matrix for Phthalate Ester Recognition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:26539-26545. [PMID: 30016867 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of covalent organic framework (COF)-derived materials with additional functions and applications is highly desired. In this work, a unique COF-functionalized hydrophilic magnetic nanosphere (Fe3O4@PDA@TbBd) with Fe3O4 as a magnetic core, polydopamine (PDA) as a hydrophilic middle layer, and TbBd as an outer COF shell was facilely prepared as a novel hydrophilic platform for efficient detection of phthalic acid esters (PAEs). The resultant Fe3O4@PDA@TbBd nanosphere displayed strong magnetic response, high surface area, and good hydrophilicity. Accordingly, the newly synthesized COF exhibited great potential in phthalate analysis with a wide linearity (50-8000 ng/mL), good recovery (92.3-98.9%), a low limit of detection (0.0025-0.01 ng/mL), and a small relative standard deviation (for intraday less than 4.6% and for interday less than 6.8%). More excitingly, the new COF was applied to analyze nine PAEs in the human plasma sample. This work opens up new avenues for the development and application of functionalized COF-derived materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Yan
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , China
| | - Yujie Lu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , China
| | - Baichun Wang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , China
| | - Yiqian Gao
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , China
| | - Lingling Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , China
| | - Hongze Liang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , China
| | - Dapeng Wu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , China
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Gao HT, Xu R, Cao WX, Di QN, Li RX, Lu L, Xu Q, Yu SQ. Combined effects of simultaneous exposure to six phthalates and emulsifier glycerol monosterate on male reproductive system in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 341:87-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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16
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Tang Z, Chu L, Wang Y, Song Y, Liu P, Fan J, Huang J, Liu X, Wei L, Li C, Zhao R, Kang X. Packed-Nanofiber solid phase extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of phthalate esters in urines from children. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1061-1062:342-348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Jiao C, Ma R, Li M, Hao L, Wang C, Wu Q, Wang Z. Magnetic cobalt-nitrogen-doped carbon microspheres for the preconcentration of phthalate esters from beverage and milk samples. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2251-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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